It is one of the responsibilities of the navigation support department to ensure the correct layout position of the light buoy and provide as accurate position information as possible for ship navigation and positioni...It is one of the responsibilities of the navigation support department to ensure the correct layout position of the light buoy and provide as accurate position information as possible for ship navigation and positioning.If the position deviation of the light buoy is too large to be detected in time,sending wrong navigation assistance information to the ship will directly affect the navigation safety of the ship and increase the pressure on the management department.Therefore,mastering the offset characteristics of light buoy is of great significance for the maintenance of light buoy and improving the navigation aid efficiency of light buoy.Kernel density estimation can intuitively express the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of buoy position,and indicates the intensive areas of buoy position in the channel.In this paper,in order to speed up deciding the optimal variable width of kernel density estimator,an improved adaptive variable width kernel density estimator is proposed,which reduces the risk of too smooth probability density estimation phenomenon and improves the estimation accuracy of probability density.A fractional recurrent neural network is designed to search the optimal bandwidth of kernel density estimator.It not only achieves faster training speed,but also improves the estimation accuracy of probability density.展开更多
This paper systematically reviews the current applications of various spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring,analyzes the challenges faced by spatial information technologies in CO_(2)seque...This paper systematically reviews the current applications of various spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring,analyzes the challenges faced by spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring,and prospects the development of spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring.Currently,the spatial information technologies applied in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring mainly include five categories:eddy covariance method,remote sensing technology,geographic information system,Internet of Things technology,and global navigation satellite system.These technologies are involved in three aspects:monitoring data acquisition,positioning and data transmission,and data management and decision support.Challenges faced by the spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring include:selecting spatial information technologies that match different monitoring purposes,different platforms,and different monitoring sites;establishing effective data storage and computing capabilities to cope with the broad sources and large volumes of monitoring data;and promoting collaborative operations by interacting and validating spatial information technologies with mature monitoring technologies.In the future,it is necessary to establish methods and standards for designing spatial information technology monitoring schemes,develop collaborative application methods for cross-scale monitoring technologies,integrate spatial information technologies with artificial intelligence and high-performance computing technologies,and accelerate the application of spatial information technologies in carbon sequestration projects in China.展开更多
For technical and other reasons there is a dilemma that data providers cannot find an appropriate way to redistribute spatial forest data and data users who need spatial data cannot access and integrate available fore...For technical and other reasons there is a dilemma that data providers cannot find an appropriate way to redistribute spatial forest data and data users who need spatial data cannot access and integrate available forest resources information. To overcome this dilemma, this paper proposed a spatial forest information system based on Web service using an open source software approach. With Web service based architecture, the system can enable interoperability, integrate Web services from other application servers, reuse codes, and shorten the development time and cost. At the same time, it is possible to extend the local system to a regional or national spatial forest information system. The growth of Open Source Software （OSS） provides an alternative choice to proprietary software for operating systems, web servers, Web-based GIS applications and database management systems. Using open source software to develop spatial forest information systems can greatly reduce the cost while providing high performance and sharing spatial forest information. We chose open source software to build a prototype system for Xixia County, Henan Province, China. By integrating OSS packages Deegree and UMN MapServer which are compliant to the OGC open specifications, the prototype system enables users to access spatial forest information and travelling information of Xixia County which come from two different data servers via a standard Web browser and promotes spatial forest information sharing.展开更多
An improved model based on you only look once version 8(YOLOv8)is proposed to solve the problem of low detection accuracy due to the diversity of object sizes in optical remote sensing images.Firstly,the feature pyram...An improved model based on you only look once version 8(YOLOv8)is proposed to solve the problem of low detection accuracy due to the diversity of object sizes in optical remote sensing images.Firstly,the feature pyramid network(FPN)structure of the original YOLOv8 mode is replaced by the generalized-FPN(GFPN)structure in GiraffeDet to realize the"cross-layer"and"cross-scale"adaptive feature fusion,to enrich the semantic information and spatial information on the feature map to improve the target detection ability of the model.Secondly,a pyramid-pool module of multi atrous spatial pyramid pooling(MASPP)is designed by using the idea of atrous convolution and feature pyramid structure to extract multi-scale features,so as to improve the processing ability of the model for multi-scale objects.The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the improved YOLOv8 model on DIOR dataset is 92%and mean average precision(mAP)is 87.9%,respectively 3.5%and 1.7%higher than those of the original model.It is proved the detection and classification ability of the proposed model on multi-dimensional optical remote sensing target has been improved.展开更多
While bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing have shed light on cellular heterogeneity and potential molecular mechanisms in the musculoskeletal system in both physiological and various pathological states...While bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing have shed light on cellular heterogeneity and potential molecular mechanisms in the musculoskeletal system in both physiological and various pathological states,the spatial localization of cells and molecules and intercellular interactions within the tissue context require further elucidation.Spatial transcriptomics has revolutionized biological research by simultaneously capturing gene expression profiles and in situ spatial information of tissues,gradually finding applications in musculoskeletal research.This review provides a summary of recent advances in spatial transcriptomics and its application to the musculoskeletal system.The classification and characteristics of data acquisition techniques in spatial transcriptomics are briefly outlined,with an emphasis on widely-adopted representative technologies and the latest technological breakthroughs,accompanied by a concise workflow for incorporating spatial transcriptomics into musculoskeletal system research.The role of spatial transcriptomics in revealing physiological mechanisms of the musculoskeletal system,particularly during developmental processes,is thoroughly summarized.Furthermore,recent discoveries and achievements of this emerging omics tool in addressing inflammatory,traumatic,degenerative,and tumorous diseases of the musculoskeletal system are compiled.Finally,challenges and potential future directions for spatial transcriptomics,both as a field and in its applications in the musculoskeletal system,are discussed.展开更多
1.Introduction As a key development of the next-generation spatial information infrastructure,1the Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Network(STIN)has become a strategic priority actively pursued by major spacefaring na...1.Introduction As a key development of the next-generation spatial information infrastructure,1the Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Network(STIN)has become a strategic priority actively pursued by major spacefaring nations and regions,including the United States,Europe,China,and Russia.Specifically,Space X’s Starlink project has deployed over 6750 satellites,2while One Web has completed its initial phase of satellite constellation deployment with more than 600 satellites.展开更多
This paper proposes a theoretical framework of spatial information sharing in a digital city, and analyzes its technical characteristics. According to the service-oriented architecture (SOA) framework, a geospatial in...This paper proposes a theoretical framework of spatial information sharing in a digital city, and analyzes its technical characteristics. According to the service-oriented architecture (SOA) framework, a geospatial information sharing platform is put forward. The spatial information sharing model based on SOA is designed. A prototype platform realizing multiple-source spatial information sharing based on ArcGIS Server is developed.展开更多
Gave a brief introduction to the origin,concepted and hierarchical structure of Digital Mine.As a huge complex system,Digital Mine took data base and model base to- gether as a mine data management system being its co...Gave a brief introduction to the origin,concepted and hierarchical structure of Digital Mine.As a huge complex system,Digital Mine took data base and model base to- gether as a mine data management system being its core,and Digital Mine was com- prised of five subsystems including data obtaining system,integral dispatching system, applied engineering system,data processing system,and data management system.Be- ing a digitally 3D visualized representation and a spatial information infrastructure of an actual mine,Digital Mine had three basic features such as data warehouse,information reference and digital platform.The present developments of Digital Mine in mining industry, research and education were also introduced.Examples were shown for present Digital Mine construction in China.The development trends,the key technologies and the recent construction procedures on Digital Mine were presented.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the spatial information of temperature and precipitation data in Hengduan mountains. [Method] Considering GIS spatial interpolation and numerical statistics theory, spatial prediction ...[Objective] The aim was to study the spatial information of temperature and precipitation data in Hengduan mountains. [Method] Considering GIS spatial interpolation and numerical statistics theory, spatial prediction were carried out to the ten years average temperature and precipitation flux observation data in 109 sparse meteorological stations in Hengduan Mountains. Based on the spatial range of geographic position of Hengduan Mountains, and 1∶1 000 000 scale DEM as data sources, and using trend surface simulation and residual ordinary Kriging interpolation correction method, the spatial continuous surface for annual average temperature and precipitation were studied. [Result] It was scientific and reasonable to use certain unevenly distributed sparse climate observation station value, and by dint of trend simulation and residue interpolation method to get climate consecutive spatial result. This method can not only accurate the temperature and precipitation spatial distributions to grid point, but also can reflect macro and micro geography factors and topographic influence factor of variation. Furthermore, it can be predicted error term trend surface reasonable spatial distribution. Simulation results were basically in accordance with the objective law, and can be used for the region climate data spatial informatization simulation. [Conclusion] The study provided scientific spatial basic data for the further study of ecological and vegetation in Hengduan Mountains.展开更多
The dynamic parameters of multiple projectiles that are fired using multi-barrel weapons in highfrequency continuous firing modes are important indicators to measure the performance of these weapons.The characteristic...The dynamic parameters of multiple projectiles that are fired using multi-barrel weapons in highfrequency continuous firing modes are important indicators to measure the performance of these weapons.The characteristics of multiple projectiles are high randomness and large numbers launched in a short period of time,making it very difficult to obtain the real dispersion parameters of the projectiles due to the occlusion or coincidence of multiple projectiles.Using six intersecting-screen testing system,in this paper,we propose an association recognition and matching algorithm of multiple projectiles using a temporal and spatial information constraint mechanism.We extract the output signal from each detection screen and then use the wavelet transform to process the output signal.We present a method to identify and extract the time values on which the projectiles pass through the detection screens using the wavelet transform modulus maximum theory.We then use the correlation of the output signals of three parallel detection screens to establish a correlation coefficient recognition constraint function for the multiple projectiles.Based on the premise of linear projectile motion,we establish a temporal and spatial constraint matching model using the projectile’s position coordinates in each detection screen and the projectile’s time constraints within the multiple intersecting-screen geometry.We then determine the time values of the multiple projectiles in each detection screen using an iterative search cycle registration,and finally obtain the flight parameters for the multiple projectiles in the presence of uncertainty.The proposed method and algorithm were verified experimentally and can solve the problem of uncertainty in projectiles flight parameter under different multiple projectile firing states.展开更多
Two phenomena of similar objects with different spectra and different objects with similar spectrum often result in the difficulty of separation and identification of all types of geographical objects only using spect...Two phenomena of similar objects with different spectra and different objects with similar spectrum often result in the difficulty of separation and identification of all types of geographical objects only using spectral information. Therefore, there is a need to incorporate spatial structural and spatial association properties of the surfaces of objects into image processing to improve the accuracy of classification of remotely sensed imagery. In the current article, a new method is proposed on the basis of the principle of multiple-point statistics for combining spectral information and spatial information for image classification. The method was validated by applying to a case study on road extraction based on Landsat TM taken over the Chinese Yellow River delta on August 8, 1999. The classification results have shown that this new method provides overall better results than the traditional methods such as maximum likelihood classifier （MLC）.展开更多
Bus arrival time prediction contributes to the quality improvement of public transport services.Passengers can arrange departure time effectively if they know the accurate bus arrival time in advance.We proposed a mac...Bus arrival time prediction contributes to the quality improvement of public transport services.Passengers can arrange departure time effectively if they know the accurate bus arrival time in advance.We proposed a machine⁃learning approach,RTSI⁃ResNet,to forecast the bus arrival time at target stations.The residual neural network framework was employed to model the bus route temporal⁃spatial information.It was found that the bus travel time on a segment between two stations not only had correlation with the preceding buses,but also had common change trends with nearby downstream/upstream segments.Two features about bus travel time and headway were extracted from bus route including target section in both forward and reverse directions to constitute the route temporal⁃spatial information,which reflects the road traffic conditions comprehensively.Experiments on the bus trajectory data of route No.10 in Shenzhen public transport system demonstrated that the proposed RTSI⁃ResNet outperformed other well⁃known methods(e.g.,RNN/LSTM,SVM).Specifically,the advantage was more significant when the distance between bus and the target station was farther.展开更多
Map is one of the communication means created by human being.Cartographers have been making efforts on the comparison of maps to natural languages so as to establish a"cartographic language"or"map langu...Map is one of the communication means created by human being.Cartographers have been making efforts on the comparison of maps to natural languages so as to establish a"cartographic language"or"map language".One of such efforts is to adopt the Shannon’s Information Theory originated in digital communication into cartography so as to establish an entropy-based cartographic communication theory.However,success has been very limited although research work had started as early as the mid-1960 s.It is then found that the bottleneck problem was the lack of appropriate measures for the spatial(configurational)information of(graphic and image)maps,as the classic Shannon entropy is only capable of characterizing statistical information but fails to capture the configurational information of(graphic and image)maps.Fortunately,after over 40-year development,some bottleneck problems have been solved.More precisely,generalized Shannon entropies for metric and thematic information of(graphic)maps have been developed and the first feasible solution for computing the Boltzmann entropy of image maps has been invented,which is capable of measuring the spatial information of not only numerical images but also categorical maps.With such progress,it is now feasible to build the"Information Theory of Cartography".In this paper,a framework for such a theory is proposed and some key issues are identified.For these issues,some have already been tackled while others still need efforts.As a result,a research agenda is set for future action.After all these issues are tackled,the theory will become matured so as to become a theoretic basis of cartography.It is expected that the Information Theory of Cartography will play an increasingly important role in the discipline of cartography because more and more researchers have advocated that information is more fundamental than matter and energy.展开更多
In allusion to the difficulty of integrating data with different models in integrating spatial information, the characteristics of raster structure, vector structure and mixed model were analyzed, and a hierarchical v...In allusion to the difficulty of integrating data with different models in integrating spatial information, the characteristics of raster structure, vector structure and mixed model were analyzed, and a hierarchical vector-raster integrative full feature model was put forward by integrating the advantage of vector and raster model and using the object-oriented method. The data structures of the four basic features, i.e. point, line, surface and solid, were described. An application was analyzed and described, and the characteristics of this model were described. In this model, all objects in the real world are divided into and described as features with hierarchy, and all the data are organized in vector. This model can describe data based on feature, field, network and other models, and avoid the disadvantage of inability to integrate data based on different models and perform spatial analysis on them in spatial information integration.展开更多
Background Functional mapping, despite its proven efficiency, suffers from a “chicken or egg” scenario, in that, poor spatial features lead to inadequate spectral alignment and vice versa during training, often resu...Background Functional mapping, despite its proven efficiency, suffers from a “chicken or egg” scenario, in that, poor spatial features lead to inadequate spectral alignment and vice versa during training, often resulting in slow convergence, high computational costs, and learning failures, particularly when small datasets are used. Methods A novel method is presented for dense-shape correspondence, whereby the spatial information transformed by neural networks is combined with the projections onto spectral maps to overcome the “chicken or egg” challenge by selectively sampling only points with high confidence in their alignment. These points then contribute to the alignment and spectral loss terms, boosting training, and accelerating convergence by a factor of five. To ensure full unsupervised learning, the Gromov–Hausdorff distance metric was used to select the points with the maximal alignment score displaying most confidence. Results The effectiveness of the proposed approach was demonstrated on several benchmark datasets, whereby results were reported as superior to those of spectral and spatial-based methods. Conclusions The proposed method provides a promising new approach to dense-shape correspondence, addressing the key challenges in the field and offering significant advantages over the current methods, including faster convergence, improved accuracy, and reduced computational costs.展开更多
Spatial relationships are core components in the design and definition of spatial queries.A spatial relationship determines how two or more spatial objects are related or connected in space.Hence,given a spatial datas...Spatial relationships are core components in the design and definition of spatial queries.A spatial relationship determines how two or more spatial objects are related or connected in space.Hence,given a spatial dataset,users can retrieve spatial objects in a given relationship with a search object.Different interpretations of spatial relationships are conceivable,leading to different types of relationships.The main types are(i)topological relationships(e.g.overlap,meet,inside),(ii)metric relationships(e.g.nearest neighbors),and(iii)direction relationships(e.g.cardinal directions).Although spatial information retrieval has been extensively studied in the literature,it is unclear which types of spatial queries can be defined using spatial relationships.In this article,we introduce a taxonomy for naming,describing,and classifying types of spatial queries frequently found in the literature.This taxonomy is based on the types of spatial relationships that are employed by spatial queries.By using this taxonomy,we discuss the intuitive descriptions,formal definitions,and possible implementation techniques of several types of spatial queries.The discussions lead to the identification of correspondences between types of spatial queries.Further,we identify challenges and open research topics in the spatial information retrieval area.展开更多
Humanity’s understanding of Earth has been a journey of continuous exploration and deepening insight.In response to the increasingly prominent global environmental issues arising from human activity,Anthropocene scie...Humanity’s understanding of Earth has been a journey of continuous exploration and deepening insight.In response to the increasingly prominent global environmental issues arising from human activity,Anthropocene science has emerged as an essential new frontier in Earth sciences,following the foundational theories of plate tectonics,global change,and Earth system science.1 In addition to this development,the rise of generative AI technology,exemplified by NVIDIA’s Earth-2 digital twin,heralds a new era of AI-driven scientific research.展开更多
The aim of this article is to strengthen and improve the collaboration between professional agents of a service that manages one of the technical processes acting on a given territory by synchronizing the spatio-tempo...The aim of this article is to strengthen and improve the collaboration between professional agents of a service that manages one of the technical processes acting on a given territory by synchronizing the spatio-temporal dimensions including all agents assembled for the task. This proposal was tested in the Lamkansa neighborhood in Casablanca, Morocco. The employed approach is based GIS resources and on systemic analysis of communication present in a territory. We were inspired by several methodological developments that carried multi-actor processes in land use planning. We focused our work on strengthening the collaboration between professionals, field agents and office agents, in the process of design and monitoring the liquid sanitation system. The device is based on geolocation and synchronous feedback of topological, geographical, and multimedia data related to the liquid sanitation network. Thanks to a geo-collaborative, participative, and motivating logic, we reduced the management costs of the network and made it faster and more efficient by equally mobilizing another type of non-specialized actors (the inhabitants). This device uses spatial and temporal dimensions to consolidate collaborative work tools through ICT and GIS technologies that thematize and exchange information collected in the field. Furthermore, this device raises great interest as it entails the concept of integration of several actors in a geo-collaborative mode while combining geomatics with communication and information sciences.展开更多
Anomaly separation using geochemical data often involves operations in the frequency domain, such as filtering and reducing noise/signal ratios. Unfortunately, the abrupt edge truncation of an image along edges and ho...Anomaly separation using geochemical data often involves operations in the frequency domain, such as filtering and reducing noise/signal ratios. Unfortunately, the abrupt edge truncation of an image along edges and holes (with missing data) often causes frequency distribution distortion in the frequency domain. For example, bright strips are commonly seen in frequency distribution when using a Fourier transform. Such edge effect distortion may affect information extraction results; sometimes severely, depending on the edge abruptness of the image. Traditionally, edge effects are reduced by smoothing the image boundary prior to applying a Fourier transform. Zero-padding is one of the most commonly used smoothing methods. This simple method can reduce the edge effect to some degree but still distorts the image in some cases. Moreover, due to the complexity of geoscience images, which can include irregular shapes and holes with missing data, zero-padding does not always give satisfactory results. This paper proposes the use of decay functions to handle edge effects when extracting information from geoscience images. As an application, this method has been used in a newly developed multifractal method (S-A) for separating geochemical anomalies from background patterns. A geochemical dataset chosen from a mineral district in Nova Scotia, Canada was used to validate the method.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J01819)。
文摘It is one of the responsibilities of the navigation support department to ensure the correct layout position of the light buoy and provide as accurate position information as possible for ship navigation and positioning.If the position deviation of the light buoy is too large to be detected in time,sending wrong navigation assistance information to the ship will directly affect the navigation safety of the ship and increase the pressure on the management department.Therefore,mastering the offset characteristics of light buoy is of great significance for the maintenance of light buoy and improving the navigation aid efficiency of light buoy.Kernel density estimation can intuitively express the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of buoy position,and indicates the intensive areas of buoy position in the channel.In this paper,in order to speed up deciding the optimal variable width of kernel density estimator,an improved adaptive variable width kernel density estimator is proposed,which reduces the risk of too smooth probability density estimation phenomenon and improves the estimation accuracy of probability density.A fractional recurrent neural network is designed to search the optimal bandwidth of kernel density estimator.It not only achieves faster training speed,but also improves the estimation accuracy of probability density.
基金Supported by the CNPC Science and Technology Major Project(2021ZZ01-05).
文摘This paper systematically reviews the current applications of various spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring,analyzes the challenges faced by spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring,and prospects the development of spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring.Currently,the spatial information technologies applied in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring mainly include five categories:eddy covariance method,remote sensing technology,geographic information system,Internet of Things technology,and global navigation satellite system.These technologies are involved in three aspects:monitoring data acquisition,positioning and data transmission,and data management and decision support.Challenges faced by the spatial information technologies in CO_(2)sequestration monitoring include:selecting spatial information technologies that match different monitoring purposes,different platforms,and different monitoring sites;establishing effective data storage and computing capabilities to cope with the broad sources and large volumes of monitoring data;and promoting collaborative operations by interacting and validating spatial information technologies with mature monitoring technologies.In the future,it is necessary to establish methods and standards for designing spatial information technology monitoring schemes,develop collaborative application methods for cross-scale monitoring technologies,integrate spatial information technologies with artificial intelligence and high-performance computing technologies,and accelerate the application of spatial information technologies in carbon sequestration projects in China.
基金the National 863 program (2003AA131020-06)the programme Young scientists from extra-European countries to Lower Saxony.
文摘For technical and other reasons there is a dilemma that data providers cannot find an appropriate way to redistribute spatial forest data and data users who need spatial data cannot access and integrate available forest resources information. To overcome this dilemma, this paper proposed a spatial forest information system based on Web service using an open source software approach. With Web service based architecture, the system can enable interoperability, integrate Web services from other application servers, reuse codes, and shorten the development time and cost. At the same time, it is possible to extend the local system to a regional or national spatial forest information system. The growth of Open Source Software （OSS） provides an alternative choice to proprietary software for operating systems, web servers, Web-based GIS applications and database management systems. Using open source software to develop spatial forest information systems can greatly reduce the cost while providing high performance and sharing spatial forest information. We chose open source software to build a prototype system for Xixia County, Henan Province, China. By integrating OSS packages Deegree and UMN MapServer which are compliant to the OGC open specifications, the prototype system enables users to access spatial forest information and travelling information of Xixia County which come from two different data servers via a standard Web browser and promotes spatial forest information sharing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62241109)the Tianjin Science and Technology Commissioner Project(No.20YDTPJC01110)。
文摘An improved model based on you only look once version 8(YOLOv8)is proposed to solve the problem of low detection accuracy due to the diversity of object sizes in optical remote sensing images.Firstly,the feature pyramid network(FPN)structure of the original YOLOv8 mode is replaced by the generalized-FPN(GFPN)structure in GiraffeDet to realize the"cross-layer"and"cross-scale"adaptive feature fusion,to enrich the semantic information and spatial information on the feature map to improve the target detection ability of the model.Secondly,a pyramid-pool module of multi atrous spatial pyramid pooling(MASPP)is designed by using the idea of atrous convolution and feature pyramid structure to extract multi-scale features,so as to improve the processing ability of the model for multi-scale objects.The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the improved YOLOv8 model on DIOR dataset is 92%and mean average precision(mAP)is 87.9%,respectively 3.5%and 1.7%higher than those of the original model.It is proved the detection and classification ability of the proposed model on multi-dimensional optical remote sensing target has been improved.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China(Grant No.82102584).
文摘While bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing have shed light on cellular heterogeneity and potential molecular mechanisms in the musculoskeletal system in both physiological and various pathological states,the spatial localization of cells and molecules and intercellular interactions within the tissue context require further elucidation.Spatial transcriptomics has revolutionized biological research by simultaneously capturing gene expression profiles and in situ spatial information of tissues,gradually finding applications in musculoskeletal research.This review provides a summary of recent advances in spatial transcriptomics and its application to the musculoskeletal system.The classification and characteristics of data acquisition techniques in spatial transcriptomics are briefly outlined,with an emphasis on widely-adopted representative technologies and the latest technological breakthroughs,accompanied by a concise workflow for incorporating spatial transcriptomics into musculoskeletal system research.The role of spatial transcriptomics in revealing physiological mechanisms of the musculoskeletal system,particularly during developmental processes,is thoroughly summarized.Furthermore,recent discoveries and achievements of this emerging omics tool in addressing inflammatory,traumatic,degenerative,and tumorous diseases of the musculoskeletal system are compiled.Finally,challenges and potential future directions for spatial transcriptomics,both as a field and in its applications in the musculoskeletal system,are discussed.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62225103,U2441227,U24A20211)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.FRF-TP-22-002C2)。
文摘1.Introduction As a key development of the next-generation spatial information infrastructure,1the Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Network(STIN)has become a strategic priority actively pursued by major spacefaring nations and regions,including the United States,Europe,China,and Russia.Specifically,Space X’s Starlink project has deployed over 6750 satellites,2while One Web has completed its initial phase of satellite constellation deployment with more than 600 satellites.
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (No2004CB318206) the Basic Research of Survey and MappingBureau Project (No1469990711111)
文摘This paper proposes a theoretical framework of spatial information sharing in a digital city, and analyzes its technical characteristics. According to the service-oriented architecture (SOA) framework, a geospatial information sharing platform is put forward. The spatial information sharing model based on SOA is designed. A prototype platform realizing multiple-source spatial information sharing based on ArcGIS Server is developed.
基金the National 863 High-Tech.Program of China(2006AA12Z2162007AA06Z108)the Natural Science Funds of China(50525414,40571137)
文摘Gave a brief introduction to the origin,concepted and hierarchical structure of Digital Mine.As a huge complex system,Digital Mine took data base and model base to- gether as a mine data management system being its core,and Digital Mine was com- prised of five subsystems including data obtaining system,integral dispatching system, applied engineering system,data processing system,and data management system.Be- ing a digitally 3D visualized representation and a spatial information infrastructure of an actual mine,Digital Mine had three basic features such as data warehouse,information reference and digital platform.The present developments of Digital Mine in mining industry, research and education were also introduced.Examples were shown for present Digital Mine construction in China.The development trends,the key technologies and the recent construction procedures on Digital Mine were presented.
基金Supported by Forest Management Key Subject Construction Project of Southwest Forestry University(XKZ200901)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the spatial information of temperature and precipitation data in Hengduan mountains. [Method] Considering GIS spatial interpolation and numerical statistics theory, spatial prediction were carried out to the ten years average temperature and precipitation flux observation data in 109 sparse meteorological stations in Hengduan Mountains. Based on the spatial range of geographic position of Hengduan Mountains, and 1∶1 000 000 scale DEM as data sources, and using trend surface simulation and residual ordinary Kriging interpolation correction method, the spatial continuous surface for annual average temperature and precipitation were studied. [Result] It was scientific and reasonable to use certain unevenly distributed sparse climate observation station value, and by dint of trend simulation and residue interpolation method to get climate consecutive spatial result. This method can not only accurate the temperature and precipitation spatial distributions to grid point, but also can reflect macro and micro geography factors and topographic influence factor of variation. Furthermore, it can be predicted error term trend surface reasonable spatial distribution. Simulation results were basically in accordance with the objective law, and can be used for the region climate data spatial informatization simulation. [Conclusion] The study provided scientific spatial basic data for the further study of ecological and vegetation in Hengduan Mountains.
基金been supported by Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62073256)the Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.2020GY-125)Xi’an Science and Technology Innovation talent service enterprise project(No.2020KJRC0041)。
文摘The dynamic parameters of multiple projectiles that are fired using multi-barrel weapons in highfrequency continuous firing modes are important indicators to measure the performance of these weapons.The characteristics of multiple projectiles are high randomness and large numbers launched in a short period of time,making it very difficult to obtain the real dispersion parameters of the projectiles due to the occlusion or coincidence of multiple projectiles.Using six intersecting-screen testing system,in this paper,we propose an association recognition and matching algorithm of multiple projectiles using a temporal and spatial information constraint mechanism.We extract the output signal from each detection screen and then use the wavelet transform to process the output signal.We present a method to identify and extract the time values on which the projectiles pass through the detection screens using the wavelet transform modulus maximum theory.We then use the correlation of the output signals of three parallel detection screens to establish a correlation coefficient recognition constraint function for the multiple projectiles.Based on the premise of linear projectile motion,we establish a temporal and spatial constraint matching model using the projectile’s position coordinates in each detection screen and the projectile’s time constraints within the multiple intersecting-screen geometry.We then determine the time values of the multiple projectiles in each detection screen using an iterative search cycle registration,and finally obtain the flight parameters for the multiple projectiles in the presence of uncertainty.The proposed method and algorithm were verified experimentally and can solve the problem of uncertainty in projectiles flight parameter under different multiple projectile firing states.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40671136)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Nos.2006AA06Z115, 2006AA120106)
文摘Two phenomena of similar objects with different spectra and different objects with similar spectrum often result in the difficulty of separation and identification of all types of geographical objects only using spectral information. Therefore, there is a need to incorporate spatial structural and spatial association properties of the surfaces of objects into image processing to improve the accuracy of classification of remotely sensed imagery. In the current article, a new method is proposed on the basis of the principle of multiple-point statistics for combining spectral information and spatial information for image classification. The method was validated by applying to a case study on road extraction based on Landsat TM taken over the Chinese Yellow River delta on August 8, 1999. The classification results have shown that this new method provides overall better results than the traditional methods such as maximum likelihood classifier （MLC）.
基金Sponsored by the Transportation Science and Technology Planning Project of Henan Province,China(Grant No.2019G-2-2).
文摘Bus arrival time prediction contributes to the quality improvement of public transport services.Passengers can arrange departure time effectively if they know the accurate bus arrival time in advance.We proposed a machine⁃learning approach,RTSI⁃ResNet,to forecast the bus arrival time at target stations.The residual neural network framework was employed to model the bus route temporal⁃spatial information.It was found that the bus travel time on a segment between two stations not only had correlation with the preceding buses,but also had common change trends with nearby downstream/upstream segments.Two features about bus travel time and headway were extracted from bus route including target section in both forward and reverse directions to constitute the route temporal⁃spatial information,which reflects the road traffic conditions comprehensively.Experiments on the bus trajectory data of route No.10 in Shenzhen public transport system demonstrated that the proposed RTSI⁃ResNet outperformed other well⁃known methods(e.g.,RNN/LSTM,SVM).Specifically,the advantage was more significant when the distance between bus and the target station was farther.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41930104,41971330)Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund(No.152219/18E)。
文摘Map is one of the communication means created by human being.Cartographers have been making efforts on the comparison of maps to natural languages so as to establish a"cartographic language"or"map language".One of such efforts is to adopt the Shannon’s Information Theory originated in digital communication into cartography so as to establish an entropy-based cartographic communication theory.However,success has been very limited although research work had started as early as the mid-1960 s.It is then found that the bottleneck problem was the lack of appropriate measures for the spatial(configurational)information of(graphic and image)maps,as the classic Shannon entropy is only capable of characterizing statistical information but fails to capture the configurational information of(graphic and image)maps.Fortunately,after over 40-year development,some bottleneck problems have been solved.More precisely,generalized Shannon entropies for metric and thematic information of(graphic)maps have been developed and the first feasible solution for computing the Boltzmann entropy of image maps has been invented,which is capable of measuring the spatial information of not only numerical images but also categorical maps.With such progress,it is now feasible to build the"Information Theory of Cartography".In this paper,a framework for such a theory is proposed and some key issues are identified.For these issues,some have already been tackled while others still need efforts.As a result,a research agenda is set for future action.After all these issues are tackled,the theory will become matured so as to become a theoretic basis of cartography.It is expected that the Information Theory of Cartography will play an increasingly important role in the discipline of cartography because more and more researchers have advocated that information is more fundamental than matter and energy.
基金Project (40473029) supported bythe National Natural Science Foundation of China project (04JJ3046) supported bytheNatural Science Foundation of Hunan Province , China
文摘In allusion to the difficulty of integrating data with different models in integrating spatial information, the characteristics of raster structure, vector structure and mixed model were analyzed, and a hierarchical vector-raster integrative full feature model was put forward by integrating the advantage of vector and raster model and using the object-oriented method. The data structures of the four basic features, i.e. point, line, surface and solid, were described. An application was analyzed and described, and the characteristics of this model were described. In this model, all objects in the real world are divided into and described as features with hierarchy, and all the data are organized in vector. This model can describe data based on feature, field, network and other models, and avoid the disadvantage of inability to integrate data based on different models and perform spatial analysis on them in spatial information integration.
基金Supported by the Zimin Institute for Engineering Solutions Advancing Better Lives。
文摘Background Functional mapping, despite its proven efficiency, suffers from a “chicken or egg” scenario, in that, poor spatial features lead to inadequate spectral alignment and vice versa during training, often resulting in slow convergence, high computational costs, and learning failures, particularly when small datasets are used. Methods A novel method is presented for dense-shape correspondence, whereby the spatial information transformed by neural networks is combined with the projections onto spectral maps to overcome the “chicken or egg” challenge by selectively sampling only points with high confidence in their alignment. These points then contribute to the alignment and spectral loss terms, boosting training, and accelerating convergence by a factor of five. To ensure full unsupervised learning, the Gromov–Hausdorff distance metric was used to select the points with the maximal alignment score displaying most confidence. Results The effectiveness of the proposed approach was demonstrated on several benchmark datasets, whereby results were reported as superior to those of spectral and spatial-based methods. Conclusions The proposed method provides a promising new approach to dense-shape correspondence, addressing the key challenges in the field and offering significant advantages over the current methods, including faster convergence, improved accuracy, and reduced computational costs.
基金financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001.Anderson C.Carniel was supported by Google as a recipient of the 2022 Google Research Scholar program.
文摘Spatial relationships are core components in the design and definition of spatial queries.A spatial relationship determines how two or more spatial objects are related or connected in space.Hence,given a spatial dataset,users can retrieve spatial objects in a given relationship with a search object.Different interpretations of spatial relationships are conceivable,leading to different types of relationships.The main types are(i)topological relationships(e.g.overlap,meet,inside),(ii)metric relationships(e.g.nearest neighbors),and(iii)direction relationships(e.g.cardinal directions).Although spatial information retrieval has been extensively studied in the literature,it is unclear which types of spatial queries can be defined using spatial relationships.In this article,we introduce a taxonomy for naming,describing,and classifying types of spatial queries frequently found in the literature.This taxonomy is based on the types of spatial relationships that are employed by spatial queries.By using this taxonomy,we discuss the intuitive descriptions,formal definitions,and possible implementation techniques of several types of spatial queries.The discussions lead to the identification of correspondences between types of spatial queries.Further,we identify challenges and open research topics in the spatial information retrieval area.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.41925007 and U21A2013).
文摘Humanity’s understanding of Earth has been a journey of continuous exploration and deepening insight.In response to the increasingly prominent global environmental issues arising from human activity,Anthropocene science has emerged as an essential new frontier in Earth sciences,following the foundational theories of plate tectonics,global change,and Earth system science.1 In addition to this development,the rise of generative AI technology,exemplified by NVIDIA’s Earth-2 digital twin,heralds a new era of AI-driven scientific research.
文摘The aim of this article is to strengthen and improve the collaboration between professional agents of a service that manages one of the technical processes acting on a given territory by synchronizing the spatio-temporal dimensions including all agents assembled for the task. This proposal was tested in the Lamkansa neighborhood in Casablanca, Morocco. The employed approach is based GIS resources and on systemic analysis of communication present in a territory. We were inspired by several methodological developments that carried multi-actor processes in land use planning. We focused our work on strengthening the collaboration between professionals, field agents and office agents, in the process of design and monitoring the liquid sanitation system. The device is based on geolocation and synchronous feedback of topological, geographical, and multimedia data related to the liquid sanitation network. Thanks to a geo-collaborative, participative, and motivating logic, we reduced the management costs of the network and made it faster and more efficient by equally mobilizing another type of non-specialized actors (the inhabitants). This device uses spatial and temporal dimensions to consolidate collaborative work tools through ICT and GIS technologies that thematize and exchange information collected in the field. Furthermore, this device raises great interest as it entails the concept of integration of several actors in a geo-collaborative mode while combining geomatics with communication and information sciences.
文摘Anomaly separation using geochemical data often involves operations in the frequency domain, such as filtering and reducing noise/signal ratios. Unfortunately, the abrupt edge truncation of an image along edges and holes (with missing data) often causes frequency distribution distortion in the frequency domain. For example, bright strips are commonly seen in frequency distribution when using a Fourier transform. Such edge effect distortion may affect information extraction results; sometimes severely, depending on the edge abruptness of the image. Traditionally, edge effects are reduced by smoothing the image boundary prior to applying a Fourier transform. Zero-padding is one of the most commonly used smoothing methods. This simple method can reduce the edge effect to some degree but still distorts the image in some cases. Moreover, due to the complexity of geoscience images, which can include irregular shapes and holes with missing data, zero-padding does not always give satisfactory results. This paper proposes the use of decay functions to handle edge effects when extracting information from geoscience images. As an application, this method has been used in a newly developed multifractal method (S-A) for separating geochemical anomalies from background patterns. A geochemical dataset chosen from a mineral district in Nova Scotia, Canada was used to validate the method.
