Two variants of application of a transaxial mirror with stigmatic spatial time-of-flight focusing in the time-of-flight mass spectrometer have been considered. In the first variant, the transaxial mirror is used as an...Two variants of application of a transaxial mirror with stigmatic spatial time-of-flight focusing in the time-of-flight mass spectrometer have been considered. In the first variant, the transaxial mirror is used as an ion reflector in the ordinary scheme of the time-of-flight mass reflectron. In the second variant, the transaxial mirror simultaneously fulfills the function of the ion reflector and corrector of aberrations caused by the energy spread of ions in the package, formed by the ion source of the mass reflectron. The expressions defining the conditions of stigmatic spatial time-of-flight focusing in the transaxial mirror and the combined system consisting of an ion source and a mirror have been derived. The relationships between geometrical and electrical parameters of three- and four-electrode transaxial mirrors realizing these conditions have been obtained by numerical calculations.展开更多
Associated alpha particle imaging based on the time-of-flight(API-TOF) technique is an advanced neutron analysis method, which is capable of discriminating material nuclides and three-dimensional imaging of the spatia...Associated alpha particle imaging based on the time-of-flight(API-TOF) technique is an advanced neutron analysis method, which is capable of discriminating material nuclides and three-dimensional imaging of the spatial distribution of material nuclei. In this paper, the spatial resolution of API-TOF and its effects are studied using mathematical analysis and Monte Carlo numerical simulation. The results can provide guidance and assist in designing of API-TOF detection devices. First, a mathematical analysis of the imaging principles of the API-TOF was carried out, and the calculation formulas of the spatial resolution of API-TOF were deduced. Next, the relationship between the device layout and the spatial resolution of the API-TOF detection device was studied. The concept of a typical API-TOF detection device with an optimized structure was proposed. Then, the spatial distribution of the spatial resolution of the typical API-TOF detection device was analyzed, and the effects of the time resolution and the neutron emission angle resolution on the spatial resolution were studied. The results show that spatial resolutions better than 1 cm can be achieved by improving the time resolution and the neutron emission angle resolution to appropriate levels. Finally, a Monte Carlo numerical simulation program was developed for the study of the APITOF and was used to calculate the spatial resolutions of the API-TOF. The comparison of the results shows that thespatial resolutions calculated based on the Monte Carlo numerical simulation are in good agreement with those calculated based on the mathematical analysis. This verifies the mathematical analysis and the evaluation of the effects of the spatial resolution of the API-TOF in this study.展开更多
飞行时间(Time of Flight, ToF)三维成像技术在人工智能领域具有重要的应用价值。间接ToF三维成像是通过向目标发射调制的光强信号,再经过目标反射到相位解调图像传感器获得相位差,通过计算获得目标的深度信息。由于间接ToF成像技术会...飞行时间(Time of Flight, ToF)三维成像技术在人工智能领域具有重要的应用价值。间接ToF三维成像是通过向目标发射调制的光强信号,再经过目标反射到相位解调图像传感器获得相位差,通过计算获得目标的深度信息。由于间接ToF成像技术会受到背景界面多次反射产生的多路径干扰,因此在复杂环境中目标物体深度测量数据会受到侧面和背景界面的多次反射的回波信号影响,降低边缘处深度测量的精度水平,因此需要对原始点云数据进行目标提取和多路径去除的预处理。本文针对该问题提出一种多界面场景中基于点云矢量的目标提取方法,能够实现复杂多目标的快速提取和多路径强干扰的去除。首先基于k-means提出一种FVP-k-means算法,完成目标点云数据的全局全矢量提取处理。再基于K-NN提出一种迭代滤波算法,实现局部多路径干扰数据的滤除。通过与其它方法的比较研究,该方法能够有效去除TOF点云目标数据的多路径干扰,目标提取性能提高了40%,实验表明本文提出的全局点云数据全矢量目标提取和多路径干扰去除算法能够实现对目标点云数据的无监督学习智能提取与滤波要求。展开更多
A prototype of time-of-flight positron emission computed tomography （TOF-PET） has been developed for acquiring the coincident detection of 511 keV γ-rays produced from positron annihilation. It consists of two 80.5...A prototype of time-of-flight positron emission computed tomography （TOF-PET） has been developed for acquiring the coincident detection of 511 keV γ-rays produced from positron annihilation. It consists of two 80.5 minx80.5 mm LYSO scintillator arrays （composed of 35 ×35 pixel finger crystals） with the position sensitive photomultiplier tubes R2487 as the readout. Each array is composed of 2 mm ×2m×15 mm finger crystals and the average pixel pitch is 2.30 mm. The measured results indicate that the TOF information has the potential to significantly enhance the image quality by improving the noise variance in the image recon- struction. The best spatial resolution （FWHM） of the prototype for the pairs of 511 keV T-rays is 1.98 mm and 2.16 mm in the x and y directions, respectively, which are smaller than the average pixel pitch of 2.30 mm.展开更多
文摘Two variants of application of a transaxial mirror with stigmatic spatial time-of-flight focusing in the time-of-flight mass spectrometer have been considered. In the first variant, the transaxial mirror is used as an ion reflector in the ordinary scheme of the time-of-flight mass reflectron. In the second variant, the transaxial mirror simultaneously fulfills the function of the ion reflector and corrector of aberrations caused by the energy spread of ions in the package, formed by the ion source of the mass reflectron. The expressions defining the conditions of stigmatic spatial time-of-flight focusing in the transaxial mirror and the combined system consisting of an ion source and a mirror have been derived. The relationships between geometrical and electrical parameters of three- and four-electrode transaxial mirrors realizing these conditions have been obtained by numerical calculations.
文摘Associated alpha particle imaging based on the time-of-flight(API-TOF) technique is an advanced neutron analysis method, which is capable of discriminating material nuclides and three-dimensional imaging of the spatial distribution of material nuclei. In this paper, the spatial resolution of API-TOF and its effects are studied using mathematical analysis and Monte Carlo numerical simulation. The results can provide guidance and assist in designing of API-TOF detection devices. First, a mathematical analysis of the imaging principles of the API-TOF was carried out, and the calculation formulas of the spatial resolution of API-TOF were deduced. Next, the relationship between the device layout and the spatial resolution of the API-TOF detection device was studied. The concept of a typical API-TOF detection device with an optimized structure was proposed. Then, the spatial distribution of the spatial resolution of the typical API-TOF detection device was analyzed, and the effects of the time resolution and the neutron emission angle resolution on the spatial resolution were studied. The results show that spatial resolutions better than 1 cm can be achieved by improving the time resolution and the neutron emission angle resolution to appropriate levels. Finally, a Monte Carlo numerical simulation program was developed for the study of the APITOF and was used to calculate the spatial resolutions of the API-TOF. The comparison of the results shows that thespatial resolutions calculated based on the Monte Carlo numerical simulation are in good agreement with those calculated based on the mathematical analysis. This verifies the mathematical analysis and the evaluation of the effects of the spatial resolution of the API-TOF in this study.
文摘飞行时间(Time of Flight, ToF)三维成像技术在人工智能领域具有重要的应用价值。间接ToF三维成像是通过向目标发射调制的光强信号,再经过目标反射到相位解调图像传感器获得相位差,通过计算获得目标的深度信息。由于间接ToF成像技术会受到背景界面多次反射产生的多路径干扰,因此在复杂环境中目标物体深度测量数据会受到侧面和背景界面的多次反射的回波信号影响,降低边缘处深度测量的精度水平,因此需要对原始点云数据进行目标提取和多路径去除的预处理。本文针对该问题提出一种多界面场景中基于点云矢量的目标提取方法,能够实现复杂多目标的快速提取和多路径强干扰的去除。首先基于k-means提出一种FVP-k-means算法,完成目标点云数据的全局全矢量提取处理。再基于K-NN提出一种迭代滤波算法,实现局部多路径干扰数据的滤除。通过与其它方法的比较研究,该方法能够有效去除TOF点云目标数据的多路径干扰,目标提取性能提高了40%,实验表明本文提出的全局点云数据全矢量目标提取和多路径干扰去除算法能够实现对目标点云数据的无监督学习智能提取与滤波要求。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10305015,10475098)West Light Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(0801010XBB)Major Foundation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(O701050YZD)
文摘A prototype of time-of-flight positron emission computed tomography （TOF-PET） has been developed for acquiring the coincident detection of 511 keV γ-rays produced from positron annihilation. It consists of two 80.5 minx80.5 mm LYSO scintillator arrays （composed of 35 ×35 pixel finger crystals） with the position sensitive photomultiplier tubes R2487 as the readout. Each array is composed of 2 mm ×2m×15 mm finger crystals and the average pixel pitch is 2.30 mm. The measured results indicate that the TOF information has the potential to significantly enhance the image quality by improving the noise variance in the image recon- struction. The best spatial resolution （FWHM） of the prototype for the pairs of 511 keV T-rays is 1.98 mm and 2.16 mm in the x and y directions, respectively, which are smaller than the average pixel pitch of 2.30 mm.
