Microphone array-based sound source localization(SSL)is a challenging task in adverse acoustic scenarios.To address this,a novel SSL algorithm based on deep neural network(DNN)using steered response power-phase transf...Microphone array-based sound source localization(SSL)is a challenging task in adverse acoustic scenarios.To address this,a novel SSL algorithm based on deep neural network(DNN)using steered response power-phase transform(SRP-PHAT)spatial spectrum as input feature is presented in this paper.Since the SRP-PHAT spatial power spectrum contains spatial location information,it is adopted as the input feature for sound source localization.DNN is exploited to extract the efficient location information from SRP-PHAT spatial power spectrum due to its advantage on extracting high-level features.SRP-PHAT at each steering position within a frame is arranged into a vector,which is treated as DNN input.A DNN model which can map the SRP-PHAT spatial spectrum to the azimuth of sound source is learned from the training signals.The azimuth of sound source is estimated through trained DNN model from the testing signals.Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves localization performance whether the training and testing condition setup are the same or not,and is more robust to noise and reverberation.展开更多
Spectrum sensing is the key problem for Cognitive Radio(CR) systems.A method based on the Peak-to-Average Amplitude-Ratio(PAAR) of the Spatial Spectrum(SS) of the received signals is proposed to sense the available sp...Spectrum sensing is the key problem for Cognitive Radio(CR) systems.A method based on the Peak-to-Average Amplitude-Ratio(PAAR) of the Spatial Spectrum(SS) of the received signals is proposed to sense the available spectrum for the cognitive users with the help of the multiple antennas at the receiver of the cognitive users.The greatest advantage of the new method is that it requires no information of the noise power and is free of the noise power uncertainty.Both the simulation and the analytical results show that the proposed method is robust to noise uncertainty,and greatly outperform the classical Energy Detector(ED) method.展开更多
Fourier ptychographic microscopy(FPM)is a newly developed imaging technique which stands out by virtue of its high-resolution and wide FOV.It improves a microscope's imaging perfor-mance beyond the diffraction lim...Fourier ptychographic microscopy(FPM)is a newly developed imaging technique which stands out by virtue of its high-resolution and wide FOV.It improves a microscope's imaging perfor-mance beyond the diffraction limit of the employed optical components by illuminating the sample with oblique waves of different incident angles,similar to the concept of synthetic aperture.We propose to use an objective lens with high-NA to generate oblique illuminating waves in FPM.We demonstrate utilizing an objective lens with higher NA to iluminate the sample leads to better resolution by simulations,in which a resolution of 0.28 pum is achieved by using a high-NA illuminating objective lens(NA=1.49)and a low-NA collecting objective lens(NA=0.2)in coherent imaging(λ=488 nm).We then deeply study FPM's exact relevance of convergence speed to spatial spectrum overlap in frequency domain.The simulation results show that an overlap of about 60%is the optimal choice to acquire a high-quality recovery(520*520 pixels)with about 2 min's computing time.In addition,we testify the robustness of the algorithm of FPM to additive noises and its suitability for phase objects,which further proves FPM's potential application in biomedical imaging.展开更多
The problem of bearing estimation of coherent signal impingiog on an array ofarbitrary geometry is studied.Both approaches are developed,the first one synthesizes theobserved array data into the outputs of a linear un...The problem of bearing estimation of coherent signal impingiog on an array ofarbitrary geometry is studied.Both approaches are developed,the first one synthesizes theobserved array data into the outputs of a linear uniform array and then processes them viaconventional techniques such as spatial smoothing etc.The second approach is based on theinvariant subspace rotation operation which is equivalent to the translational displacement ofthe artay,linearly independent signal vectors are obtained thereby to span perfectly the signalsubspace.As compared with the conventional processing techniques,the approach based oninvariant subspace rotation does not lead to an effective decrease in aperture size and thereforea decrease in resolution capability.The computer simulations are conducted to demonstrate theeffectiveness of the presented approaches.展开更多
The low frequency line components of the radiated noise from an underwater target usually have both high spectrum level and sustained stability. This feature could be used to increase the detection performance of conv...The low frequency line components of the radiated noise from an underwater target usually have both high spectrum level and sustained stability. This feature could be used to increase the detection performance of conventional broadband energy integration method. The required spectrum level is theoretically discussed when the detection performance of the known line detection is better than that of broadband energy integration method. Under the condition of the target can be detected in line spectrum band, the relationship between the line spectrum level and signal to noise ratio （SNR） is also discussed. This paper proposes a line spectrum target detection method that a matrix using DC jump to fluctuations ratios of sub-band spatial spectrum and beam space output is constructed. This matrix acts as a filter that the line spectrum target with certain frequency and azimuth is passed at most. By fusing with the other sub band results, the conventional detection performance can be improved. At the same time, the applicable condition and detection performance are analyzed in the paper. The simulation and the sea trial data processing results show that the algorithm can effectively extract weak goal line spectrum target under the condition of multi-interference. The algorithm doesn＇t need multi-frame statistics and the detection performance is closer to the optimal line spectrum method.展开更多
Based on the statistical characteristics of remote sensing data, the spatial geometric structure characteristics of spectral data and distribution of background, interference and alteration information in characterist...Based on the statistical characteristics of remote sensing data, the spatial geometric structure characteristics of spectral data and distribution of background, interference and alteration information in characteristic space were researched through the analysis of two-dimensional and three-dimensional scatter diagrams. The results indicate that the hyper-space of remote sensing multi-data aggregation belongs to low-dimensional geometric structure, i.e. hyperplane form, and anomalous point groups including alteration information usually dissociate out of hyperplane. Scatter diagrams of remote sensing data band are mainly presented as two distribution forms of single-ellipse and dual-ellipse. Clarifying the relations of three objects of background, disturbance and alteration information in remote sensing images provides an important technical thought and guidance for accurately detecting and extracting remote sensing alteration information.展开更多
A realistic population density distribution scenario in conjunction with the spatial dynamic spectrum allocation （DSA） is taken into account to mitigate the spectrum wastage in terms of extra guard bands. For the in...A realistic population density distribution scenario in conjunction with the spatial dynamic spectrum allocation （DSA） is taken into account to mitigate the spectrum wastage in terms of extra guard bands. For the insertion of the extra guard bands, an efficient strategy based on self-assessment is applied to each victim cell individually and independently. Consequently, it is no more required to spread the extra guard band over the whole DSA region. Simulation results StlOW an improvement of 3% -4% in percentage of satisfied users for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System （UMTS） network and 4%-5% for Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial （DVB-T） network.展开更多
Slope spectrum has been proved to be a significant methodology in revealing geomorphological features in the study of Chinese loess terrain. The determination of critical areas in deriving slope spectra is an indispen...Slope spectrum has been proved to be a significant methodology in revealing geomorphological features in the study of Chinese loess terrain. The determination of critical areas in deriving slope spectra is an indispensable task. Along with the increase in the size of the study area, the derived spectra are becoming more and more alike, such that their dif- ferences can be ignored in favor of a standard. Subsequently, the test size is defined as the Slope Spectrum Critical Area （SSCA）. SSCA is not only the foundation of the slope spectrum calculation but also, to some extent, a reflection of geomorphological development of loess relief. High resolution DEMs are important in extracting the slope spectrum. A set of 48 DEMs with different landform areas of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi province was selected for the experiment. The spatial distribution of SSCA is investigated with a geo-statistical analysis method, resulting in values ranging from 6.18 km^2 to 35.1 km^2. Primary experimental results show that the spatial distribution of SSCA is correlated with the spatial distribution of the soil erosion intensity, to a certain extent reflecting the terrain complexity. The critical area of the slope spectrum presents a spatial variation trend of weak-strong-weak from north to south. Four terrain parameters, gully density, slope skewness, terrain driving force （Td） and slope of slope （SOS）, were chosen as indicators. There exists a good exponential function relationship between SSCA and gully density, terrain driving force （Td） and SOS and a loga- rithmic function relationship between SSCA and slope skewness. Slope skewness increases, and gully density, terrain driving force and SOS decrease with increasing SSCA. SSCA can be utilized as a discriminating factor to identify loess landforms, in that spatial distributions of SSCA and the evolution of loess landforms are correlative. Following the evolution of a loess landform from tableland to gully-hilly region, this also proves that SSCA can represent the development degree of local landforms. The critical stable regions of the Loess Plateau represent the degree of development of loess landforms. Its chief significance is that the per- ception of stable areas can be used to determine the minimal geographical unit.展开更多
In array signal processing, 2-D spatial-spectrum estimation is required to determine DOA of multiple signals. The circular array of sensors is found to possess several nice properties for DOA estimation of wide-band s...In array signal processing, 2-D spatial-spectrum estimation is required to determine DOA of multiple signals. The circular array of sensors is found to possess several nice properties for DOA estimation of wide-band sources. C. U. Padmini, et al.(1994) had suggested that the frequency-direction ambiguity in azimuth estimation of wide-baud signals received by a uniform linear array (ULA) can be avoided by using a circular array, even without the use of any delay elements. In 2-D spatial-spectrum estimation for wide-band signals, the authors find that it is impossible to avoid the ambiguity in source frequency-elevation angle pairs using a circular array. In this paper, interpolated circular arrays are used to perform 2-D spatial-spectrum estimation for wide-band sources. In the estimation, a large aperture circular array (Υ】λmin/2) is found to possess superior resolution capability and robustness.展开更多
In this paper, a new spatial coherence model of seismic ground motions is proposed by a fitting procedure. The analytical expressions of modal combination （correlation） coefficients of structural response are develo...In this paper, a new spatial coherence model of seismic ground motions is proposed by a fitting procedure. The analytical expressions of modal combination （correlation） coefficients of structural response are developed for multi-support seismic excitations. The coefficients from both the numerical integration and analytical solutions are compared to verify the accuracy of the solutions. It is shown that the analytical expressions of numerical modal combination coefficients are of high accuracy. The results of random responses of an example bridge show that the analytical modal combination coefficients developed in this paper are accurate enough to meet the requirements needed in practice. In addition, the computational efficiency of the analytical solutions of the modal combination coefficients is demonstrated by the response computation of the example bridge. It is found that the time required for the structural response analysis by using the analytical modal combination coefficients is less than 1/20 of that using numerical integral methods.展开更多
The increasing interest for wireless communication services and scarcity of radio spectrum resources have created the need for a more flexible and efficient usage of the radio frequency bands. Cognitive Radio (CR) eme...The increasing interest for wireless communication services and scarcity of radio spectrum resources have created the need for a more flexible and efficient usage of the radio frequency bands. Cognitive Radio (CR) emerges as an important trend for a solution to this problem. Spectrum sensing is a crucial function in a CR system. Cooperative spectrum sensing can overcome fading and shadowing effects, and hence increase the reliability of primary user detection. In this paper we consider a system model of a dedicated detect-andforward wireless sensor network (DetF WSN) for cooperative spectrum sensing with k-out-of-n decision fusion in the presence of reporting channels errors. Using this model we consider the design of a spatial reuse media access control (MAC) protocol based on TDMA/OFDMA to resolve conflicts and conserve resources for intra-WSN communication. The influence of the MAC protocol on spectrum sensing performance of the WSN is a key consideration. Two design approaches, using greedy and adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) algorithms, are considered in detail. Performance results assuming a grid network in a Rician fading environment are presented for the two design approaches.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.61571106Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.BK20170757the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China under grant No.17KJD510002.
文摘Microphone array-based sound source localization(SSL)is a challenging task in adverse acoustic scenarios.To address this,a novel SSL algorithm based on deep neural network(DNN)using steered response power-phase transform(SRP-PHAT)spatial spectrum as input feature is presented in this paper.Since the SRP-PHAT spatial power spectrum contains spatial location information,it is adopted as the input feature for sound source localization.DNN is exploited to extract the efficient location information from SRP-PHAT spatial power spectrum due to its advantage on extracting high-level features.SRP-PHAT at each steering position within a frame is arranged into a vector,which is treated as DNN input.A DNN model which can map the SRP-PHAT spatial spectrum to the azimuth of sound source is learned from the training signals.The azimuth of sound source is estimated through trained DNN model from the testing signals.Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves localization performance whether the training and testing condition setup are the same or not,and is more robust to noise and reverberation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60602053)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-08-0891)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2010JQ80241)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2009 CDB308)the Fund from Education Department of Shaanxi Government (2010JK836)
文摘Spectrum sensing is the key problem for Cognitive Radio(CR) systems.A method based on the Peak-to-Average Amplitude-Ratio(PAAR) of the Spatial Spectrum(SS) of the received signals is proposed to sense the available spectrum for the cognitive users with the help of the multiple antennas at the receiver of the cognitive users.The greatest advantage of the new method is that it requires no information of the noise power and is free of the noise power uncertainty.Both the simulation and the analytical results show that the proposed method is robust to noise uncertainty,and greatly outperform the classical Energy Detector(ED) method.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2015CB352003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61335003,61377013,61378051 and 61427818)+1 种基金NSFC of Zhejiang province LR16F050001,Innovation Joint Research Center for iCPS(2015XZZX005-01)Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation.
文摘Fourier ptychographic microscopy(FPM)is a newly developed imaging technique which stands out by virtue of its high-resolution and wide FOV.It improves a microscope's imaging perfor-mance beyond the diffraction limit of the employed optical components by illuminating the sample with oblique waves of different incident angles,similar to the concept of synthetic aperture.We propose to use an objective lens with high-NA to generate oblique illuminating waves in FPM.We demonstrate utilizing an objective lens with higher NA to iluminate the sample leads to better resolution by simulations,in which a resolution of 0.28 pum is achieved by using a high-NA illuminating objective lens(NA=1.49)and a low-NA collecting objective lens(NA=0.2)in coherent imaging(λ=488 nm).We then deeply study FPM's exact relevance of convergence speed to spatial spectrum overlap in frequency domain.The simulation results show that an overlap of about 60%is the optimal choice to acquire a high-quality recovery(520*520 pixels)with about 2 min's computing time.In addition,we testify the robustness of the algorithm of FPM to additive noises and its suitability for phase objects,which further proves FPM's potential application in biomedical imaging.
文摘The problem of bearing estimation of coherent signal impingiog on an array ofarbitrary geometry is studied.Both approaches are developed,the first one synthesizes theobserved array data into the outputs of a linear uniform array and then processes them viaconventional techniques such as spatial smoothing etc.The second approach is based on theinvariant subspace rotation operation which is equivalent to the translational displacement ofthe artay,linearly independent signal vectors are obtained thereby to span perfectly the signalsubspace.As compared with the conventional processing techniques,the approach based oninvariant subspace rotation does not lead to an effective decrease in aperture size and thereforea decrease in resolution capability.The computer simulations are conducted to demonstrate theeffectiveness of the presented approaches.
文摘The low frequency line components of the radiated noise from an underwater target usually have both high spectrum level and sustained stability. This feature could be used to increase the detection performance of conventional broadband energy integration method. The required spectrum level is theoretically discussed when the detection performance of the known line detection is better than that of broadband energy integration method. Under the condition of the target can be detected in line spectrum band, the relationship between the line spectrum level and signal to noise ratio （SNR） is also discussed. This paper proposes a line spectrum target detection method that a matrix using DC jump to fluctuations ratios of sub-band spatial spectrum and beam space output is constructed. This matrix acts as a filter that the line spectrum target with certain frequency and azimuth is passed at most. By fusing with the other sub band results, the conventional detection performance can be improved. At the same time, the applicable condition and detection performance are analyzed in the paper. The simulation and the sea trial data processing results show that the algorithm can effectively extract weak goal line spectrum target under the condition of multi-interference. The algorithm doesn＇t need multi-frame statistics and the detection performance is closer to the optimal line spectrum method.
基金Project(2006BAB01A06) supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program Project during the 11th Five-Year Plan PeriodProject(1212010761503) supported by Land and Resources Investigation Project
文摘Based on the statistical characteristics of remote sensing data, the spatial geometric structure characteristics of spectral data and distribution of background, interference and alteration information in characteristic space were researched through the analysis of two-dimensional and three-dimensional scatter diagrams. The results indicate that the hyper-space of remote sensing multi-data aggregation belongs to low-dimensional geometric structure, i.e. hyperplane form, and anomalous point groups including alteration information usually dissociate out of hyperplane. Scatter diagrams of remote sensing data band are mainly presented as two distribution forms of single-ellipse and dual-ellipse. Clarifying the relations of three objects of background, disturbance and alteration information in remote sensing images provides an important technical thought and guidance for accurately detecting and extracting remote sensing alteration information.
基金The National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China ( No.2005AA123950)the National Science Foundation of China (No.90604035)
文摘A realistic population density distribution scenario in conjunction with the spatial dynamic spectrum allocation （DSA） is taken into account to mitigate the spectrum wastage in terms of extra guard bands. For the insertion of the extra guard bands, an efficient strategy based on self-assessment is applied to each victim cell individually and independently. Consequently, it is no more required to spread the extra guard band over the whole DSA region. Simulation results StlOW an improvement of 3% -4% in percentage of satisfied users for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System （UMTS） network and 4%-5% for Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial （DVB-T） network.
基金Foundation： National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41171299, No.41171320, No.41401237
文摘Slope spectrum has been proved to be a significant methodology in revealing geomorphological features in the study of Chinese loess terrain. The determination of critical areas in deriving slope spectra is an indispensable task. Along with the increase in the size of the study area, the derived spectra are becoming more and more alike, such that their dif- ferences can be ignored in favor of a standard. Subsequently, the test size is defined as the Slope Spectrum Critical Area （SSCA）. SSCA is not only the foundation of the slope spectrum calculation but also, to some extent, a reflection of geomorphological development of loess relief. High resolution DEMs are important in extracting the slope spectrum. A set of 48 DEMs with different landform areas of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi province was selected for the experiment. The spatial distribution of SSCA is investigated with a geo-statistical analysis method, resulting in values ranging from 6.18 km^2 to 35.1 km^2. Primary experimental results show that the spatial distribution of SSCA is correlated with the spatial distribution of the soil erosion intensity, to a certain extent reflecting the terrain complexity. The critical area of the slope spectrum presents a spatial variation trend of weak-strong-weak from north to south. Four terrain parameters, gully density, slope skewness, terrain driving force （Td） and slope of slope （SOS）, were chosen as indicators. There exists a good exponential function relationship between SSCA and gully density, terrain driving force （Td） and SOS and a loga- rithmic function relationship between SSCA and slope skewness. Slope skewness increases, and gully density, terrain driving force and SOS decrease with increasing SSCA. SSCA can be utilized as a discriminating factor to identify loess landforms, in that spatial distributions of SSCA and the evolution of loess landforms are correlative. Following the evolution of a loess landform from tableland to gully-hilly region, this also proves that SSCA can represent the development degree of local landforms. The critical stable regions of the Loess Plateau represent the degree of development of loess landforms. Its chief significance is that the per- ception of stable areas can be used to determine the minimal geographical unit.
文摘In array signal processing, 2-D spatial-spectrum estimation is required to determine DOA of multiple signals. The circular array of sensors is found to possess several nice properties for DOA estimation of wide-band sources. C. U. Padmini, et al.(1994) had suggested that the frequency-direction ambiguity in azimuth estimation of wide-baud signals received by a uniform linear array (ULA) can be avoided by using a circular array, even without the use of any delay elements. In 2-D spatial-spectrum estimation for wide-band signals, the authors find that it is impossible to avoid the ambiguity in source frequency-elevation angle pairs using a circular array. In this paper, interpolated circular arrays are used to perform 2-D spatial-spectrum estimation for wide-band sources. In the estimation, a large aperture circular array (Υ】λmin/2) is found to possess superior resolution capability and robustness.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant No. 50478112
文摘In this paper, a new spatial coherence model of seismic ground motions is proposed by a fitting procedure. The analytical expressions of modal combination （correlation） coefficients of structural response are developed for multi-support seismic excitations. The coefficients from both the numerical integration and analytical solutions are compared to verify the accuracy of the solutions. It is shown that the analytical expressions of numerical modal combination coefficients are of high accuracy. The results of random responses of an example bridge show that the analytical modal combination coefficients developed in this paper are accurate enough to meet the requirements needed in practice. In addition, the computational efficiency of the analytical solutions of the modal combination coefficients is demonstrated by the response computation of the example bridge. It is found that the time required for the structural response analysis by using the analytical modal combination coefficients is less than 1/20 of that using numerical integral methods.
文摘The increasing interest for wireless communication services and scarcity of radio spectrum resources have created the need for a more flexible and efficient usage of the radio frequency bands. Cognitive Radio (CR) emerges as an important trend for a solution to this problem. Spectrum sensing is a crucial function in a CR system. Cooperative spectrum sensing can overcome fading and shadowing effects, and hence increase the reliability of primary user detection. In this paper we consider a system model of a dedicated detect-andforward wireless sensor network (DetF WSN) for cooperative spectrum sensing with k-out-of-n decision fusion in the presence of reporting channels errors. Using this model we consider the design of a spatial reuse media access control (MAC) protocol based on TDMA/OFDMA to resolve conflicts and conserve resources for intra-WSN communication. The influence of the MAC protocol on spectrum sensing performance of the WSN is a key consideration. Two design approaches, using greedy and adaptive simulated annealing (ASA) algorithms, are considered in detail. Performance results assuming a grid network in a Rician fading environment are presented for the two design approaches.
