Science and technology innovation has become the core driving force of urban development,and innovation spaces as the carriers of innovation activities have evolved continuously,forming the emerging model of innovatio...Science and technology innovation has become the core driving force of urban development,and innovation spaces as the carriers of innovation activities have evolved continuously,forming the emerging model of innovation districts in recent years.However,the evaluation standard of innovation spaces has not changed with the evolution of the model,and the evaluation method that focuses on economic benefits still dominates the mainstream.As a result,the construction of innovation spaces around these indicators and guidelines lags behind the advanced level.In this paper,we have systematically sorted out the relevant research progress of innovation districts,established a set of cases with global typicality,combined the dual attributes of“innovation characteristics+urban characteristics,”constructed a research framework for the spatial quality of innovation districts based on the dual perspectives of“innovation space,”and summarized the spatial quality evaluation model through analysis.We do an empirical study on Haidian District to find out how well innovation districts work in terms of space,find typical clusters,and come up with the most important aspects of their space quality.In order to observe the applicability of this method,it is also applied to the urban health check-up in Chaoyang District,Beijing.Through the expert seminar,the evaluation and analysis method of spatial quality of innovative urban areas is further verified and discussed.The results show that the integration of innovative urban areas and urban structures,and the collaborative development of innovative industries and high-quality spaces are the keys to promote the common development of innovative economy and cities.The new evaluation method can effectively measure the quality of innovation spaces,and has certain transferability.展开更多
The elderly's perception of their environment largely depends on acquired visual information.This study provides a quantitative analytical method for designing bedrooms in nursing homes by developing a computation...The elderly's perception of their environment largely depends on acquired visual information.This study provides a quantitative analytical method for designing bedrooms in nursing homes by developing a computational model that uses viewing distance,viewing angle,and viewing field as variables.The model is utilized to measure a range of visual environmental properties,including privacy,accessibility,permeability,and visibility,which reflect the quality of bedrooms in nursing homes.The suitability levels of bedroom planes for the elderly and their main living functions as well as the fitting degree of the functional layout are calculated based on these data.After validating the computational moders feasibility,this study optimizes the typical schemes of single and double rooms in nursing homes.Results reveal certain advantages of the arrangement where bathroom doors are set toward the inside of the bedroom and double rooms have a large width.The computational model can be used in measuring the spatial quality of bedrooms in nursing homes and as a mathematical model for related algorithm design and software programming to assist in the design and optimization of bedrooms for the elderly.展开更多
As societal priorities shift towards spatial quality and leisure pursuits,riverside sites offer significant potential for enhancing living environments and promoting leisure activities.This study delves into the relat...As societal priorities shift towards spatial quality and leisure pursuits,riverside sites offer significant potential for enhancing living environments and promoting leisure activities.This study delves into the relationship between the spatial qualities of riverside areas in old industrial cities and their capacity to foster leisure and human well-being,aiming to formulate design guidelines that preserve the unique characteristics of these sites.Noting the dearth of academic discourse on spatial qualities and design in this context,this research emphasizes the identification of key spatial features that can revitalize urban rivers as leisure destinations,which derives a set of design principles.These principles underscore the importance of diverse and distinctive spatial qualities in successful riverside regeneration,and highlight the role of high-quality spaces in promoting leisure and well-being.Finally,the research concludes with recommendations for creating impactful spatial qualities for future riverside regeneration projects.展开更多
OpenStreetMap(OSM)data are widely used but their reliability is still variable.Many contributors to OSM have not been trained in geography or surveying and consequently their contributions,including geometry and attri...OpenStreetMap(OSM)data are widely used but their reliability is still variable.Many contributors to OSM have not been trained in geography or surveying and consequently their contributions,including geometry and attribute data inserts,deletions,and updates,can be inaccurate,incomplete,inconsistent,or vague.There are some mechanisms and applications dedicated to discovering bugs and errors in OSM data.Such systems can remove errors through user-checks and applying predefined rules but they need an extra control process to check the real-world validity of suspected errors and bugs.This paper focuses on finding bugs and errors based on patterns and rules extracted from the tracking data of users.The underlying idea is that certain characteristics of user trajectories are directly linked to the type of feature.Using such rules,some sets of potential bugs and errors can be identified and stored for further investigations.展开更多
This paper presents a methodology to determine three data quality (DQ) risk characteristics: accuracy, comprehensiveness and nonmembership. The methodology provides a set of quantitative models to confirm the informat...This paper presents a methodology to determine three data quality (DQ) risk characteristics: accuracy, comprehensiveness and nonmembership. The methodology provides a set of quantitative models to confirm the information quality risks for the database of the geographical information system (GIS). Four quantitative measures are introduced to examine how the quality risks of source information affect the quality of information outputs produced using the relational algebra operations Selection, Projection, and Cubic Product. It can be used to determine how quality risks associated with diverse data sources affect the derived data. The GIS is the prime source of information on the location of cables, and detection time strongly depends on whether maps indicate the presence of cables in the construction business. Poor data quality in the GIS can contribute to increased risk or higher risk avoidance costs. A case study provides a numerical example of the calculation of the trade-offs between risk and detection costs and provides an example of the calculation of the costs of data quality. We conclude that the model contributes valuable new insight.展开更多
Virtual globes(VGs)allow Internet users to view geographic data of heterogeneous quality created by other users.This article presents a new approach for collecting and visualizing information about the perceived quali...Virtual globes(VGs)allow Internet users to view geographic data of heterogeneous quality created by other users.This article presents a new approach for collecting and visualizing information about the perceived quality of 3D data in VGs.It aims atimproving users’awareness of the qualityof 3D objects.Instead of relying onthe existing metadata or on formal accuracy assessments that are often impossible in practice,we propose a crowd-sourced quality recommender system based on the five-star visualization method successful in other types of Web applications.Four alternative five-star visualizations were implemented in a Google Earth-based prototype and tested through a formal user evaluation.These tests helped identifying the most effective method for a 3D environment.Results indicate that while most websites use a visualization approach that shows a‘number of stars’,this method was the least preferred by participants.Instead,participants ranked the‘number within a star’method highest as it allowed reducing the visual clutter in urban settings,suggesting that 3D environments such as VGs require different designapproachesthan2Dornon-geographicapplications.Resultsalsoconfirmed that expert and non-expert users in geographic data share similar preferences for the most and least preferred visualization methods.展开更多
Anthropogenic activities largely influence the soil quality of agricultural fields and the composition of soil. Samples of typical anthropogenic Loutu soil in the Guanzhong area of the Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Province,...Anthropogenic activities largely influence the soil quality of agricultural fields and the composition of soil. Samples of typical anthropogenic Loutu soil in the Guanzhong area of the Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Province, China were collected and measured for soil compaction, bulk density, total organic carbon（TOC）, active organic carbon（AOC）, and soil enzyme activities to investigate spatial variations in soil quality. The results indicate that soil compaction and bulk density increased with increasing distance from the farm village, whereas soil TOC, AOC, and soil enzyme activities firstly increased and subsequently decreased with increasing distance from the farm village. All of the tested parameters presented clear concentric distribution. Vertically, soil compaction and bulk density in the topsoil were lower than those in the subsoil, but all other tested parameters in the topsoil were significantly higher than those in the subsoil. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between organic carbon content and enzyme activities, confirming that the spatial distribution of Loutu soil characteristics has been affected by long-term anthropogenic activities to some extent. The results of this study imply that the use of farmyard manure and appropriate deep plowing are important and effective ways to maintain and improve soil quality.展开更多
Data Trusts are an important emerging approach to enabling the much wider sharing of data from many different sources and for many different purposes,backed by the confidence of clear and unambiguous data governance.D...Data Trusts are an important emerging approach to enabling the much wider sharing of data from many different sources and for many different purposes,backed by the confidence of clear and unambiguous data governance.Data Trusts combine the technical infrastructure for sharing data with the governance framework of a legal trust.The concept of a data Trust applied specifically to spatial data offers significant opportunities for new and future applications,addressing some longstanding barriers to data sharing,such as location privacy and data sovereignty.This paper introduces and explores the concept of a‘spatial data Trust’by identifying and explaining the key functions and characteristics required to underpin a data Trust for spatial data.The work identifiesfive key features of spatial data Trusts that demand specific attention and connects these features to a history of relevant work in thefield,including spatial data infrastructures(SDIs),location privacy,and spatial data quality.The conclusions identify several key strands of research for the future development of this rapidly emerging framework for spatial data sharing.展开更多
文摘Science and technology innovation has become the core driving force of urban development,and innovation spaces as the carriers of innovation activities have evolved continuously,forming the emerging model of innovation districts in recent years.However,the evaluation standard of innovation spaces has not changed with the evolution of the model,and the evaluation method that focuses on economic benefits still dominates the mainstream.As a result,the construction of innovation spaces around these indicators and guidelines lags behind the advanced level.In this paper,we have systematically sorted out the relevant research progress of innovation districts,established a set of cases with global typicality,combined the dual attributes of“innovation characteristics+urban characteristics,”constructed a research framework for the spatial quality of innovation districts based on the dual perspectives of“innovation space,”and summarized the spatial quality evaluation model through analysis.We do an empirical study on Haidian District to find out how well innovation districts work in terms of space,find typical clusters,and come up with the most important aspects of their space quality.In order to observe the applicability of this method,it is also applied to the urban health check-up in Chaoyang District,Beijing.Through the expert seminar,the evaluation and analysis method of spatial quality of innovative urban areas is further verified and discussed.The results show that the integration of innovative urban areas and urban structures,and the collaborative development of innovative industries and high-quality spaces are the keys to promote the common development of innovative economy and cities.The new evaluation method can effectively measure the quality of innovation spaces,and has certain transferability.
基金This research received support from the “Research into Basic Space Design Parameters of Disabled Elderly Care in Severe Cold Region on the Basis of Behavioral Experiment”(E2018029)Natural Science Foundation Project of Heilongjiang Province of China.
文摘The elderly's perception of their environment largely depends on acquired visual information.This study provides a quantitative analytical method for designing bedrooms in nursing homes by developing a computational model that uses viewing distance,viewing angle,and viewing field as variables.The model is utilized to measure a range of visual environmental properties,including privacy,accessibility,permeability,and visibility,which reflect the quality of bedrooms in nursing homes.The suitability levels of bedroom planes for the elderly and their main living functions as well as the fitting degree of the functional layout are calculated based on these data.After validating the computational moders feasibility,this study optimizes the typical schemes of single and double rooms in nursing homes.Results reveal certain advantages of the arrangement where bathroom doors are set toward the inside of the bedroom and double rooms have a large width.The computational model can be used in measuring the spatial quality of bedrooms in nursing homes and as a mathematical model for related algorithm design and software programming to assist in the design and optimization of bedrooms for the elderly.
文摘As societal priorities shift towards spatial quality and leisure pursuits,riverside sites offer significant potential for enhancing living environments and promoting leisure activities.This study delves into the relationship between the spatial qualities of riverside areas in old industrial cities and their capacity to foster leisure and human well-being,aiming to formulate design guidelines that preserve the unique characteristics of these sites.Noting the dearth of academic discourse on spatial qualities and design in this context,this research emphasizes the identification of key spatial features that can revitalize urban rivers as leisure destinations,which derives a set of design principles.These principles underscore the importance of diverse and distinctive spatial qualities in successful riverside regeneration,and highlight the role of high-quality spaces in promoting leisure and well-being.Finally,the research concludes with recommendations for creating impactful spatial qualities for future riverside regeneration projects.
基金This research was supported financially by EU FP7 Marie Curie Initial Training Network MULTI-POS(Multi-technology Positioning Professionals)[grant number 316528].
文摘OpenStreetMap(OSM)data are widely used but their reliability is still variable.Many contributors to OSM have not been trained in geography or surveying and consequently their contributions,including geometry and attribute data inserts,deletions,and updates,can be inaccurate,incomplete,inconsistent,or vague.There are some mechanisms and applications dedicated to discovering bugs and errors in OSM data.Such systems can remove errors through user-checks and applying predefined rules but they need an extra control process to check the real-world validity of suspected errors and bugs.This paper focuses on finding bugs and errors based on patterns and rules extracted from the tracking data of users.The underlying idea is that certain characteristics of user trajectories are directly linked to the type of feature.Using such rules,some sets of potential bugs and errors can be identified and stored for further investigations.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.70772021,70372004)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.20060400077)
文摘This paper presents a methodology to determine three data quality (DQ) risk characteristics: accuracy, comprehensiveness and nonmembership. The methodology provides a set of quantitative models to confirm the information quality risks for the database of the geographical information system (GIS). Four quantitative measures are introduced to examine how the quality risks of source information affect the quality of information outputs produced using the relational algebra operations Selection, Projection, and Cubic Product. It can be used to determine how quality risks associated with diverse data sources affect the derived data. The GIS is the prime source of information on the location of cables, and detection time strongly depends on whether maps indicate the presence of cables in the construction business. Poor data quality in the GIS can contribute to increased risk or higher risk avoidance costs. A case study provides a numerical example of the calculation of the trade-offs between risk and detection costs and provides an example of the calculation of the costs of data quality. We conclude that the model contributes valuable new insight.
文摘Virtual globes(VGs)allow Internet users to view geographic data of heterogeneous quality created by other users.This article presents a new approach for collecting and visualizing information about the perceived quality of 3D data in VGs.It aims atimproving users’awareness of the qualityof 3D objects.Instead of relying onthe existing metadata or on formal accuracy assessments that are often impossible in practice,we propose a crowd-sourced quality recommender system based on the five-star visualization method successful in other types of Web applications.Four alternative five-star visualizations were implemented in a Google Earth-based prototype and tested through a formal user evaluation.These tests helped identifying the most effective method for a 3D environment.Results indicate that while most websites use a visualization approach that shows a‘number of stars’,this method was the least preferred by participants.Instead,participants ranked the‘number within a star’method highest as it allowed reducing the visual clutter in urban settings,suggesting that 3D environments such as VGs require different designapproachesthan2Dornon-geographicapplications.Resultsalsoconfirmed that expert and non-expert users in geographic data share similar preferences for the most and least preferred visualization methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41471420)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2016JQ4016)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University (GK201603076, GK201601009, GK201701010)the Youth Innovation Team Project in the Tourism and Environment College of Shaanxi Normal University
文摘Anthropogenic activities largely influence the soil quality of agricultural fields and the composition of soil. Samples of typical anthropogenic Loutu soil in the Guanzhong area of the Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Province, China were collected and measured for soil compaction, bulk density, total organic carbon（TOC）, active organic carbon（AOC）, and soil enzyme activities to investigate spatial variations in soil quality. The results indicate that soil compaction and bulk density increased with increasing distance from the farm village, whereas soil TOC, AOC, and soil enzyme activities firstly increased and subsequently decreased with increasing distance from the farm village. All of the tested parameters presented clear concentric distribution. Vertically, soil compaction and bulk density in the topsoil were lower than those in the subsoil, but all other tested parameters in the topsoil were significantly higher than those in the subsoil. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between organic carbon content and enzyme activities, confirming that the spatial distribution of Loutu soil characteristics has been affected by long-term anthropogenic activities to some extent. The results of this study imply that the use of farmyard manure and appropriate deep plowing are important and effective ways to maintain and improve soil quality.
文摘Data Trusts are an important emerging approach to enabling the much wider sharing of data from many different sources and for many different purposes,backed by the confidence of clear and unambiguous data governance.Data Trusts combine the technical infrastructure for sharing data with the governance framework of a legal trust.The concept of a data Trust applied specifically to spatial data offers significant opportunities for new and future applications,addressing some longstanding barriers to data sharing,such as location privacy and data sovereignty.This paper introduces and explores the concept of a‘spatial data Trust’by identifying and explaining the key functions and characteristics required to underpin a data Trust for spatial data.The work identifiesfive key features of spatial data Trusts that demand specific attention and connects these features to a history of relevant work in thefield,including spatial data infrastructures(SDIs),location privacy,and spatial data quality.The conclusions identify several key strands of research for the future development of this rapidly emerging framework for spatial data sharing.
