This paper discusses about the significance of space in the expression of the main themes in Kafka＇s novel The Metamorphosis. By applying Bal＇s basic narratology concepts on space, 2 spatial elements are analyzed in...This paper discusses about the significance of space in the expression of the main themes in Kafka＇s novel The Metamorphosis. By applying Bal＇s basic narratology concepts on space, 2 spatial elements are analyzed in the paper： the contrast of inside and outside, as well as the ＂filling in＂ of space, both of which serve to express human beings＇ isolation and desertion in an indifferent society.展开更多
In response to concerns over the recent expansion of the scope and content of urban design and the potential for“loss of focus”,this study uses the comprehensive urban design of Pudong New Area as a case study,empha...In response to concerns over the recent expansion of the scope and content of urban design and the potential for“loss of focus”,this study uses the comprehensive urban design of Pudong New Area as a case study,emphasizing a need to“refocus”urban design efforts.It traces the spatial evolution of Pudong New Area under national strategic guidance,addressing two primary issues from a“strategy-problem”perspective.Building on the link between municipal urban design and district-level master planning,the study proposes a key element system that integrates“significance,publicness,cultural relevance,and connectivity”and a control strategy based on unit typology and policy-guided zoning.By establishing a clear and concise district-level control framework focused on“element+scale”,the study aims to enhance Pudong’s modern spatial image and its holistic spatial order,reinforcing Pudong’s role as a“leading area for socialist modernization”.展开更多
【目的】当前在微地图的内容检索领域尚缺乏系统性的研究。为了填补这一研究空白,本文提出了一种YOLOv8l-FMSC-Spatial (You Only Look Once v8l-Fewer Multi-Scale Convolution-Spatial, YOLOv8l-FMSC-Spatial)模型,实现在手绘地图场...【目的】当前在微地图的内容检索领域尚缺乏系统性的研究。为了填补这一研究空白,本文提出了一种YOLOv8l-FMSC-Spatial (You Only Look Once v8l-Fewer Multi-Scale Convolution-Spatial, YOLOv8l-FMSC-Spatial)模型,实现在手绘地图场景下地理要素的提取及检索。【方法】首先通过对比YOLO系列模型,选取最优的YOLOv8l模型,引入C2f-FMSC模块改进最优模型,建立应用于微地图的YOLOv8l-FMSC训练模型,利用该模型实现栅格地图的地理要素提取;其次针对地理要素的检索需要,建立地理要素的空间关系数据库,设计空间计算检索模块Spatial,通过Spatial模块实现地理要素信息的传递与筛选,进一步地计算用户检索信息与数据库地理要素信息的空间关系关联程度;最后根据空间关系关联程度,从微地图数据库中索引包含相关地理要素信息的地图,实现基于空间关系的地理要素检索模型构建。依据上述方法,在手绘校园地图检索场景中进行验证。实验数据源自各个学校发布内容以及学生自由制作,共计493幅手绘校园地图,在全国范围内研究学校代表性地理要素检索,此类要素包括水体、操场、特色建筑,确保准确识别和检索这些特征元素,验证所提模型的实际适用性。【结果】实验结果表明:训练后的YOLOv8l模型可有效识别手绘地图中的地理要素,并在收集的数据集上验证了模型的有效性和鲁棒性;引入FMSC模块后的YOLOv8l-FMSC模型精确率可达0.8、召回率可达0.764,为实际对比中的最优模型;引入Spatial模块计算模型度量空间关系,可有效捕捉到相关地理要素的空间信息,减少与正射地图检索的差距。【结论】综上,提出的YOLOv8l-FMSC-Spatial模型可根据顾及空间关系的地理要素条件,快速准确地检索到内容相关的手绘地图,从而填补微地图在内容检索方面的研究空缺。展开更多
Urban peninsulas are an important category with distinctive geographical characteristics in the history of human settlements.Despite their time-honored development,abundant cultural accumulation,and developed water tr...Urban peninsulas are an important category with distinctive geographical characteristics in the history of human settlements.Despite their time-honored development,abundant cultural accumulation,and developed water transportation,a considerable number of world-famous urban peninsulas demonstrate a remarkable feature of high-density development because of their limited space for expansion.Based on the in-depth analysis of the connotation and features of urban peninsulas,this study summarizes five basic elements concerning the space of urban peninsulas,namely,capes,boundaries,networks,nodes,and cores.On the basis of these five elements,different high-density developmental modes of urban peninsulas are construed to provide a reference model for the location,density control,and urban structure of high-rise building clusters in peninsulas and further reveal the significance and value of high-rise buildings in shaping the special urban form of peninsulas.展开更多
A multi-index analysis including grain size, major and trace elements is performed on the surface sediments from the northeastern Beibu Gulf to trace the sources of the sediments and to understand the controlling fact...A multi-index analysis including grain size, major and trace elements is performed on the surface sediments from the northeastern Beibu Gulf to trace the sources of the sediments and to understand the controlling factors for elements distribution. The mean grain size exhibits a wide variation ranging from 0.09Φ to 8.05Φ with an average value of 5.33Φ. The average contents of major elements descend in an order of c(SiO_2)>c(Al_2O_3)>c(Fe_2O_3)>c(CaO)>c(MgO)>c(K_2O)>c(Na_2O)>c(TiO_2)>c(P_2O_5)>c(MnO), while those of trace elements exhibit a descending order of c(Sr)>c(Rb)>c(V)>c(Zn)>c(Cr)>c(Pb)>c(Ni)>c(Cu)>c(As). On the basis of elementary distribution characteristics and statistical analyses, the study area is divided into the four zones: Zone I is located in the northeastern coastal area of the gulf, which receives large amount of fluvial materials from local rivers in Guangxi and Guangdong, China, and the Qiongzhou Strait; Zone Ⅱ is located in the center of the study area, where surface sediments exhibits a multiple source; Zone Ⅲ is located in the Qiongzhou Strait, where surface sediments are dominated by materials from the Zhujiang River and Hainan; Zone IV is located in the southwest of the study area, where surface sediments are mainly originated from the Red River and Hainan. The statistical analyses of sediment geochemical characteristics reveal that the grain size, which is mainly influenced by hydrodynamics and mineral composition of terrigenous materials, is the leading factor controlling the elementary distribution.Meanwhile, impacts from anthropogenic activities and marine biogenic process will also be taken into consideration.展开更多
Wetland is the conjunction of lake and terrene where human activities are concentrated. From the viewpoints of material transport and cycling in the terrene-lake system, wetland is the buffer where sand and mud, heavy...Wetland is the conjunction of lake and terrene where human activities are concentrated. From the viewpoints of material transport and cycling in the terrene-lake system, wetland is the buffer where sand and mud, heavy metals, pollutants and nutrients are tarried. In this paper, we provide a case study based on the temporal and spatial distribution of elements in the Wangling River catchment, a small sub-catchment of Longgan Lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. We have found that wetland can buffer major heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, etc. significantly, but has a little buffer function to some active elements such as Fe and Mn, which are always transported as solutions. Human activities not only influence the distribution of elements, but also weaken the buffer function of wetland. Intensive human activities in the Longgan Lake area in the past 70 years have been recorded in stream, wetland and lake sediments, especially the human activity events such as deforesting and reclaiming on a large scale in 1958 and the 1980’s. Human activities caused the increase of sedimentation rates since the 1950’s, as well as the increase of elements’ concentrations. The extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides since the 1960’s have led to the increase of total P concentrations. Increasing SO-2 emission accelerate the process of cation exchange in soil, and enhance the leaching of Mn out of soils. Permanent storing of water causes the soil gleyification that also intensifies the leaching of Mn. These are two major reasons for the obvious increase of manganese concentrations in recent 20 years in Longgan Lake. Intensive human activities since the 1950s’ have intensified the population in this region and thus destroyed the buffer function of wetland.展开更多
Based on the theory of Timoshenko and thin-walled beams, a new finite element model of spatial thin-walled beams with general open cross sections is presented in the paper, in which several factors are included such a...Based on the theory of Timoshenko and thin-walled beams, a new finite element model of spatial thin-walled beams with general open cross sections is presented in the paper, in which several factors are included such as lateral shear deformation, warp generated by nonuni- form torsion and second-order shear stress, coupling of flexure and torsion, and large displacement with small strain. With an additional internal node in the element, the element stiffness matrix is deduced by incremental virtual work in updated Lagrangian （UL） formulation. Numerical examples demonstrate that the presented model well describes the geometrically nonlinear property of spatial thin-walled beams.展开更多
Spatial relations in text refer to how a geographical entity is located in space in relation to a reference entity.Extracting spatial relations from text is a fundamental task in natural language understanding.Previou...Spatial relations in text refer to how a geographical entity is located in space in relation to a reference entity.Extracting spatial relations from text is a fundamental task in natural language understanding.Previous studies have only focused on generic fine-tuning methods with additional classifiers,ignoring the importance of the semantic correlation between different spatial elements and the large offset between the relation extraction task and the pre-trained models.To address the above two issues,we propose a spatial relation extraction model based on Dual-view Prompt and Element Correlation(DPEC).Specifically,we first reformulate spatial relation extraction as a mask language model with a Dual-view Prompt(i.e.,Link Prompt and Confidence Prompt).Link Prompt can not only guide the model to incorporate more contextual information related to the spatial relation extraction task,but also better adapt to the original pre-training task of the language models.Meanwhile,Confidence Prompt can measure the confidence of candidate triplets in Link Prompt and work as a supplement to identify those easily confused examples in Link Prompt.Moreover,we incorporate the element correlation to measure the consistency between different spatial elements,which is an effective cue for identifying the rationality of spatial relations.Experimental results on the popular SpaceEval show that our DPEC significantly outperforms the SOTA baselines.展开更多
文摘This paper discusses about the significance of space in the expression of the main themes in Kafka＇s novel The Metamorphosis. By applying Bal＇s basic narratology concepts on space, 2 spatial elements are analyzed in the paper： the contrast of inside and outside, as well as the ＂filling in＂ of space, both of which serve to express human beings＇ isolation and desertion in an indifferent society.
基金Sponsored by National Key R&D Projects in the“14th Five-year Plan”(2022YFC3800205)Shanghai Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project(2024VSJ034).
文摘In response to concerns over the recent expansion of the scope and content of urban design and the potential for“loss of focus”,this study uses the comprehensive urban design of Pudong New Area as a case study,emphasizing a need to“refocus”urban design efforts.It traces the spatial evolution of Pudong New Area under national strategic guidance,addressing two primary issues from a“strategy-problem”perspective.Building on the link between municipal urban design and district-level master planning,the study proposes a key element system that integrates“significance,publicness,cultural relevance,and connectivity”and a control strategy based on unit typology and policy-guided zoning.By establishing a clear and concise district-level control framework focused on“element+scale”,the study aims to enhance Pudong’s modern spatial image and its holistic spatial order,reinforcing Pudong’s role as a“leading area for socialist modernization”.
文摘【目的】当前在微地图的内容检索领域尚缺乏系统性的研究。为了填补这一研究空白,本文提出了一种YOLOv8l-FMSC-Spatial (You Only Look Once v8l-Fewer Multi-Scale Convolution-Spatial, YOLOv8l-FMSC-Spatial)模型,实现在手绘地图场景下地理要素的提取及检索。【方法】首先通过对比YOLO系列模型,选取最优的YOLOv8l模型,引入C2f-FMSC模块改进最优模型,建立应用于微地图的YOLOv8l-FMSC训练模型,利用该模型实现栅格地图的地理要素提取;其次针对地理要素的检索需要,建立地理要素的空间关系数据库,设计空间计算检索模块Spatial,通过Spatial模块实现地理要素信息的传递与筛选,进一步地计算用户检索信息与数据库地理要素信息的空间关系关联程度;最后根据空间关系关联程度,从微地图数据库中索引包含相关地理要素信息的地图,实现基于空间关系的地理要素检索模型构建。依据上述方法,在手绘校园地图检索场景中进行验证。实验数据源自各个学校发布内容以及学生自由制作,共计493幅手绘校园地图,在全国范围内研究学校代表性地理要素检索,此类要素包括水体、操场、特色建筑,确保准确识别和检索这些特征元素,验证所提模型的实际适用性。【结果】实验结果表明:训练后的YOLOv8l模型可有效识别手绘地图中的地理要素,并在收集的数据集上验证了模型的有效性和鲁棒性;引入FMSC模块后的YOLOv8l-FMSC模型精确率可达0.8、召回率可达0.764,为实际对比中的最优模型;引入Spatial模块计算模型度量空间关系,可有效捕捉到相关地理要素的空间信息,减少与正射地图检索的差距。【结论】综上,提出的YOLOv8l-FMSC-Spatial模型可根据顾及空间关系的地理要素条件,快速准确地检索到内容相关的手绘地图,从而填补微地图在内容检索方面的研究空缺。
文摘Urban peninsulas are an important category with distinctive geographical characteristics in the history of human settlements.Despite their time-honored development,abundant cultural accumulation,and developed water transportation,a considerable number of world-famous urban peninsulas demonstrate a remarkable feature of high-density development because of their limited space for expansion.Based on the in-depth analysis of the connotation and features of urban peninsulas,this study summarizes five basic elements concerning the space of urban peninsulas,namely,capes,boundaries,networks,nodes,and cores.On the basis of these five elements,different high-density developmental modes of urban peninsulas are construed to provide a reference model for the location,density control,and urban structure of high-rise building clusters in peninsulas and further reveal the significance and value of high-rise buildings in shaping the special urban form of peninsulas.
基金The National Programme on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction of China under contract Nos GASI-GEOGE-03,GASI-04-01-02 and GASI-GEOGE-05the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41476047,41106045,41506012 and 41206045
文摘A multi-index analysis including grain size, major and trace elements is performed on the surface sediments from the northeastern Beibu Gulf to trace the sources of the sediments and to understand the controlling factors for elements distribution. The mean grain size exhibits a wide variation ranging from 0.09Φ to 8.05Φ with an average value of 5.33Φ. The average contents of major elements descend in an order of c(SiO_2)>c(Al_2O_3)>c(Fe_2O_3)>c(CaO)>c(MgO)>c(K_2O)>c(Na_2O)>c(TiO_2)>c(P_2O_5)>c(MnO), while those of trace elements exhibit a descending order of c(Sr)>c(Rb)>c(V)>c(Zn)>c(Cr)>c(Pb)>c(Ni)>c(Cu)>c(As). On the basis of elementary distribution characteristics and statistical analyses, the study area is divided into the four zones: Zone I is located in the northeastern coastal area of the gulf, which receives large amount of fluvial materials from local rivers in Guangxi and Guangdong, China, and the Qiongzhou Strait; Zone Ⅱ is located in the center of the study area, where surface sediments exhibits a multiple source; Zone Ⅲ is located in the Qiongzhou Strait, where surface sediments are dominated by materials from the Zhujiang River and Hainan; Zone IV is located in the southwest of the study area, where surface sediments are mainly originated from the Red River and Hainan. The statistical analyses of sediment geochemical characteristics reveal that the grain size, which is mainly influenced by hydrodynamics and mineral composition of terrigenous materials, is the leading factor controlling the elementary distribution.Meanwhile, impacts from anthropogenic activities and marine biogenic process will also be taken into consideration.
文摘Wetland is the conjunction of lake and terrene where human activities are concentrated. From the viewpoints of material transport and cycling in the terrene-lake system, wetland is the buffer where sand and mud, heavy metals, pollutants and nutrients are tarried. In this paper, we provide a case study based on the temporal and spatial distribution of elements in the Wangling River catchment, a small sub-catchment of Longgan Lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. We have found that wetland can buffer major heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, etc. significantly, but has a little buffer function to some active elements such as Fe and Mn, which are always transported as solutions. Human activities not only influence the distribution of elements, but also weaken the buffer function of wetland. Intensive human activities in the Longgan Lake area in the past 70 years have been recorded in stream, wetland and lake sediments, especially the human activity events such as deforesting and reclaiming on a large scale in 1958 and the 1980’s. Human activities caused the increase of sedimentation rates since the 1950’s, as well as the increase of elements’ concentrations. The extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides since the 1960’s have led to the increase of total P concentrations. Increasing SO-2 emission accelerate the process of cation exchange in soil, and enhance the leaching of Mn out of soils. Permanent storing of water causes the soil gleyification that also intensifies the leaching of Mn. These are two major reasons for the obvious increase of manganese concentrations in recent 20 years in Longgan Lake. Intensive human activities since the 1950s’ have intensified the population in this region and thus destroyed the buffer function of wetland.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 50725826).
文摘Based on the theory of Timoshenko and thin-walled beams, a new finite element model of spatial thin-walled beams with general open cross sections is presented in the paper, in which several factors are included such as lateral shear deformation, warp generated by nonuni- form torsion and second-order shear stress, coupling of flexure and torsion, and large displacement with small strain. With an additional internal node in the element, the element stiffness matrix is deduced by incremental virtual work in updated Lagrangian （UL） formulation. Numerical examples demonstrate that the presented model well describes the geometrically nonlinear property of spatial thin-walled beams.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62276177 and 62376181).
文摘Spatial relations in text refer to how a geographical entity is located in space in relation to a reference entity.Extracting spatial relations from text is a fundamental task in natural language understanding.Previous studies have only focused on generic fine-tuning methods with additional classifiers,ignoring the importance of the semantic correlation between different spatial elements and the large offset between the relation extraction task and the pre-trained models.To address the above two issues,we propose a spatial relation extraction model based on Dual-view Prompt and Element Correlation(DPEC).Specifically,we first reformulate spatial relation extraction as a mask language model with a Dual-view Prompt(i.e.,Link Prompt and Confidence Prompt).Link Prompt can not only guide the model to incorporate more contextual information related to the spatial relation extraction task,but also better adapt to the original pre-training task of the language models.Meanwhile,Confidence Prompt can measure the confidence of candidate triplets in Link Prompt and work as a supplement to identify those easily confused examples in Link Prompt.Moreover,we incorporate the element correlation to measure the consistency between different spatial elements,which is an effective cue for identifying the rationality of spatial relations.Experimental results on the popular SpaceEval show that our DPEC significantly outperforms the SOTA baselines.
