Although the health benefits of swimming are well-documented, health effects such as asthma and bladder cancer are linked to disinfection by-products(DBPs) in pool water. DBPs are formed from the reaction of disinfect...Although the health benefits of swimming are well-documented, health effects such as asthma and bladder cancer are linked to disinfection by-products(DBPs) in pool water. DBPs are formed from the reaction of disinfectants such as chlorine(Cl) or bromine(Br) with organics in the water. Our previous study(Daiber et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 6652;2016) found correlations between the concentrations of classes of DBPs and the mutagenic potencies of waters from chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas. We extended this study by identifying significantly different concentrations of 21 individual DBPs in brominated or chlorinated pool and spa waters as well as identifying which DBPs and additional DBP classes were most associated with the mutagenicity of these waters. Using data from our previous study, we found that among 21 DBPs analyzed in 21 pool and spa waters, the concentration of bromoacetic acid was significantly higher in Brwaters versus Cl-waters, whereas the concentration of trichloroacetic acid was significantly higher in Cl-waters. Five Br-DBPs(tribromomethane, dibromochloroacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, bromoacetic acid, and tribromoacetic acid) had significantly higher concentrations in Br-spa versus Cl-spa waters. Cl-pools had significantly higher concentrations of ClDBPs(trichloroacetaldehyde, trichloromethane, dichloroacetic acid, and chloroacetic acid), whereas Br-pools had significantly higher concentrations of Br-DBPs(tribromomethane, dibromoacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, and tribromoacetic acid). The concentrations of the sum of all 4 trihalomethanes, all 11 Br-DBPs, and all 5 nitrogen-containing DBPs were each significantly higher in brominated than in chlorinated pools and spas. The 8 Br-DBPs were the only DBPs whose individual concentrations were significantly correlated with the mutagenic potencies of the pool and spa waters. These results, along with those from our earlier study, highlight the importance of Br-DBPs in the mutagenicity of these recreational waters.展开更多
Since Serbia disposes with significant natural potentials, it could have been among the most attractive countries in Europe only if the historical circumstances had been different. Existing natural resources and possi...Since Serbia disposes with significant natural potentials, it could have been among the most attractive countries in Europe only if the historical circumstances had been different. Existing natural resources and possibilities for their improvement demand planned strategy to make them efficient. Tourism, as a significant instrument of development, can and should take an active part in the strategy of sustainable development. Special attention in the paper is paid to the development of Vrnjacka Banja Spa as it is one of the main tourist destinations in Serbia. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a business venture （SWOT） analysis offers the basic elements for defining the strategic direction and program priorities, measures and targets for improving the overall development of spas in Serbia. To identify the SWOT factors, we used materials from a number of studies on Serbian tourism, surveys on tourists in Vrnjcka Banja Spa and analysis of the market and competition. The SWOT analysis proves that the priority in development of spas in Serbia is attractiveness of the destination which involves the spa-health tourism with great potential in complementary forms of tourism, such as sport-recreational, cultural, transit and hunting tourism. It means that the future strategy should be based on improving and involving modern spa products. It means improving and maximizing marketing so as to make the tourist destination attractive. It further implies maximum investment in modern tourist products.展开更多
The common problems on tourism of developing countries have often been researched by west researchers until now, which can be concluded into special words: "two sectors", "enclave construction", &q...The common problems on tourism of developing countries have often been researched by west researchers until now, which can be concluded into special words: "two sectors", "enclave construction", "government’s inteference", "developing scale", and "the industrial role of tourism" etc. In fact all the researches were done from the areas with the patronage of foreign visitors, how is the situation of domestic tourism was ignored in some points. In this paper, another developing model compatal with the one with foregn visitors was presented to the readers on the case studies of countryside spas in China. Through this research, one aspect of Chinese nd leisure life can be understood to some extent, and the implying that for bigger developing countries the domestic tourism can match the the effect of international tourism should not be ignored at least to China. As the developing of economy, domestic tourism will finally unile with international one together, and the common probleme will disappear step by step, there fre domestic tourism and international tourism of developing countries should be researched equally since now.展开更多
In this study,eight different varieties of maize seeds were used as the research objects.Conduct 81 types of combined preprocessing on the original spectra.Through comparison,Savitzky-Golay(SG)-multivariate scattering...In this study,eight different varieties of maize seeds were used as the research objects.Conduct 81 types of combined preprocessing on the original spectra.Through comparison,Savitzky-Golay(SG)-multivariate scattering correction(MSC)-maximum-minimum normalization(MN)was identified as the optimal preprocessing technique.The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS),successive projections algorithm(SPA),and their combined methods were employed to extract feature wavelengths.Classification models based on back propagation(BP),support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),and partial least squares(PLS)were established using full-band data and feature wavelengths.Among all models,the(CARS-SPA)-BP model achieved the highest accuracy rate of 98.44%.This study offers novel insights and methodologies for the rapid and accurate identification of corn seeds as well as other crop seeds.展开更多
Background: Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis is a progressive and disabling inflammatory disease affecting young adults, with limited treatment options. TNFi are more efficacious than JAKi and IL1-7i in nr-ax ...Background: Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis is a progressive and disabling inflammatory disease affecting young adults, with limited treatment options. TNFi are more efficacious than JAKi and IL1-7i in nr-ax SPA and it has a well-known safety profile over a longer duration. Recently, many IL-17i and JAKi were approved for the treatment of nr-ax SPA;however, data comparing IL1-7i and JAKi in terms of efficacy and safety is lacking. This systematized review aimed to compare the existing efficacy and safety data of JAKi vs IL-17i in the treatment of patients with nr-ax SPA. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using relevant keywords in many databases. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA, 2020), relevant articles were included and evaluated in this review. Efficacy and safety data were collected, analyzed and compared through week 52. The first check was done by the end of week 14 and week 16 for upadacitinib and IL-17i respectively. Results: Data from four RCTs evaluating upadacitinib, secukinumab, ixekizumab, and bimekizumab comprising 1425 patients were analyzed. Overall, a comparable efficacy and safety profile were observed across different treatment arms through week 52;however, non-significant variations were encountered in some outcome measures. The primary endpoint among these RCTs (ASAS40 response rate) was met and it was higher in patients treated with bimekizumab 160 mg sc Q 4 weeks in TNFi non responders (48%) and lowest in ixekizumab 80 mg sc Q 4 weeks treated patients, (35%) (p Conclusion: The above-mentioned three IL-17i and the only one JAKi demonstrated comparable safety and efficacy profiles with some minor variations. A head-to-head trial comparing the effectiveness and safety characteristics of JAKi vs IL-17i may be needed in patients with active nr-ax SpA.展开更多
基金supported by intramural funding through the Office of Research and Development of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency。
文摘Although the health benefits of swimming are well-documented, health effects such as asthma and bladder cancer are linked to disinfection by-products(DBPs) in pool water. DBPs are formed from the reaction of disinfectants such as chlorine(Cl) or bromine(Br) with organics in the water. Our previous study(Daiber et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 6652;2016) found correlations between the concentrations of classes of DBPs and the mutagenic potencies of waters from chlorinated or brominated swimming pools and spas. We extended this study by identifying significantly different concentrations of 21 individual DBPs in brominated or chlorinated pool and spa waters as well as identifying which DBPs and additional DBP classes were most associated with the mutagenicity of these waters. Using data from our previous study, we found that among 21 DBPs analyzed in 21 pool and spa waters, the concentration of bromoacetic acid was significantly higher in Brwaters versus Cl-waters, whereas the concentration of trichloroacetic acid was significantly higher in Cl-waters. Five Br-DBPs(tribromomethane, dibromochloroacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, bromoacetic acid, and tribromoacetic acid) had significantly higher concentrations in Br-spa versus Cl-spa waters. Cl-pools had significantly higher concentrations of ClDBPs(trichloroacetaldehyde, trichloromethane, dichloroacetic acid, and chloroacetic acid), whereas Br-pools had significantly higher concentrations of Br-DBPs(tribromomethane, dibromoacetic acid, dibromoacetonitrile, and tribromoacetic acid). The concentrations of the sum of all 4 trihalomethanes, all 11 Br-DBPs, and all 5 nitrogen-containing DBPs were each significantly higher in brominated than in chlorinated pools and spas. The 8 Br-DBPs were the only DBPs whose individual concentrations were significantly correlated with the mutagenic potencies of the pool and spa waters. These results, along with those from our earlier study, highlight the importance of Br-DBPs in the mutagenicity of these recreational waters.
文摘Since Serbia disposes with significant natural potentials, it could have been among the most attractive countries in Europe only if the historical circumstances had been different. Existing natural resources and possibilities for their improvement demand planned strategy to make them efficient. Tourism, as a significant instrument of development, can and should take an active part in the strategy of sustainable development. Special attention in the paper is paid to the development of Vrnjacka Banja Spa as it is one of the main tourist destinations in Serbia. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a business venture （SWOT） analysis offers the basic elements for defining the strategic direction and program priorities, measures and targets for improving the overall development of spas in Serbia. To identify the SWOT factors, we used materials from a number of studies on Serbian tourism, surveys on tourists in Vrnjcka Banja Spa and analysis of the market and competition. The SWOT analysis proves that the priority in development of spas in Serbia is attractiveness of the destination which involves the spa-health tourism with great potential in complementary forms of tourism, such as sport-recreational, cultural, transit and hunting tourism. It means that the future strategy should be based on improving and involving modern spa products. It means improving and maximizing marketing so as to make the tourist destination attractive. It further implies maximum investment in modern tourist products.
文摘The common problems on tourism of developing countries have often been researched by west researchers until now, which can be concluded into special words: "two sectors", "enclave construction", "government’s inteference", "developing scale", and "the industrial role of tourism" etc. In fact all the researches were done from the areas with the patronage of foreign visitors, how is the situation of domestic tourism was ignored in some points. In this paper, another developing model compatal with the one with foregn visitors was presented to the readers on the case studies of countryside spas in China. Through this research, one aspect of Chinese nd leisure life can be understood to some extent, and the implying that for bigger developing countries the domestic tourism can match the the effect of international tourism should not be ignored at least to China. As the developing of economy, domestic tourism will finally unile with international one together, and the common probleme will disappear step by step, there fre domestic tourism and international tourism of developing countries should be researched equally since now.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology (No.20220203112S)the Jilin Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Research Project (No.JJKH20210039KJ)。
文摘In this study,eight different varieties of maize seeds were used as the research objects.Conduct 81 types of combined preprocessing on the original spectra.Through comparison,Savitzky-Golay(SG)-multivariate scattering correction(MSC)-maximum-minimum normalization(MN)was identified as the optimal preprocessing technique.The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS),successive projections algorithm(SPA),and their combined methods were employed to extract feature wavelengths.Classification models based on back propagation(BP),support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),and partial least squares(PLS)were established using full-band data and feature wavelengths.Among all models,the(CARS-SPA)-BP model achieved the highest accuracy rate of 98.44%.This study offers novel insights and methodologies for the rapid and accurate identification of corn seeds as well as other crop seeds.
文摘Background: Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis is a progressive and disabling inflammatory disease affecting young adults, with limited treatment options. TNFi are more efficacious than JAKi and IL1-7i in nr-ax SPA and it has a well-known safety profile over a longer duration. Recently, many IL-17i and JAKi were approved for the treatment of nr-ax SPA;however, data comparing IL1-7i and JAKi in terms of efficacy and safety is lacking. This systematized review aimed to compare the existing efficacy and safety data of JAKi vs IL-17i in the treatment of patients with nr-ax SPA. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using relevant keywords in many databases. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA, 2020), relevant articles were included and evaluated in this review. Efficacy and safety data were collected, analyzed and compared through week 52. The first check was done by the end of week 14 and week 16 for upadacitinib and IL-17i respectively. Results: Data from four RCTs evaluating upadacitinib, secukinumab, ixekizumab, and bimekizumab comprising 1425 patients were analyzed. Overall, a comparable efficacy and safety profile were observed across different treatment arms through week 52;however, non-significant variations were encountered in some outcome measures. The primary endpoint among these RCTs (ASAS40 response rate) was met and it was higher in patients treated with bimekizumab 160 mg sc Q 4 weeks in TNFi non responders (48%) and lowest in ixekizumab 80 mg sc Q 4 weeks treated patients, (35%) (p Conclusion: The above-mentioned three IL-17i and the only one JAKi demonstrated comparable safety and efficacy profiles with some minor variations. A head-to-head trial comparing the effectiveness and safety characteristics of JAKi vs IL-17i may be needed in patients with active nr-ax SpA.
