Radiation dose reduction in computed tomography(CT)can be achieved by decreasing the number of projections.However,reconstructing CT images via filtered back projection algorithm from sparse-view projections often con...Radiation dose reduction in computed tomography(CT)can be achieved by decreasing the number of projections.However,reconstructing CT images via filtered back projection algorithm from sparse-view projections often contains severe streak artifacts,affecting clinical diagnosis.To address this issue,this paper proposes TransitNet,an iterative unrolling deep neural network that combines model-driven data consistency,a physical a prior constraint,with deep learning’s feature extraction capabilities.TransitNet employs a novel iterative architecture,implementing flexible physical constraints through learnable data consistency operations,utilizing Transformer’s self-attention mechanism to model long-range dependencies in image features,and introducing linear attention mechanisms to reduce self-attention’s computational complexity from quadratic to linear.Extensive experiments demonstrate that this method exhibits significant advantages in both reconstruction quality and computational efficiency,effectively suppressing streak artifacts while preserving structures and details of images.展开更多
Grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging enhances the contrast of imaged objects,particularly soft tissues.However,the radiation dose in computed tomography(CT)is generally excessive owing to the complex collection ...Grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging enhances the contrast of imaged objects,particularly soft tissues.However,the radiation dose in computed tomography(CT)is generally excessive owing to the complex collection scheme.Sparse-view CT collection reduces the radiation dose,but with reduced resolution and reconstructed artifacts particularly in analytical reconstruction methods.Recently,deep learning has been employed in sparse-view CT reconstruction and achieved stateof-the-art results.Nevertheless,its low generalization performance and requirement for abundant training datasets have hindered the practical application of deep learning in phase-contrast CT.In this study,a CT model was used to generate a substantial number of simulated training datasets,thereby circumventing the need for experimental datasets.By training a network with simulated training datasets,the proposed method achieves high generalization performance in attenuationbased CT and phase-contrast CT,despite the lack of sufficient experimental datasets.In experiments utilizing only half of the CT data,our proposed method obtained an image quality comparable to that of the filtered back-projection algorithm with full-view projection.The proposed method simultaneously addresses two challenges in phase-contrast three-dimensional imaging,namely the lack of experimental datasets and the high exposure dose,through model-driven deep learning.This method significantly accelerates the practical application of phase-contrast CT.展开更多
The impact of heavy reduction on dendritic morphology was explored by combining experimental research and numerical simulation in metallurgy,including a detailed three-dimensional(3D)analysis and reconstruction of den...The impact of heavy reduction on dendritic morphology was explored by combining experimental research and numerical simulation in metallurgy,including a detailed three-dimensional(3D)analysis and reconstruction of dendritic solidification structures.Combining scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive scanning analysis and ANSYS simulation,the high-precision image processing software Mimics Research was utilized to conduct the extraction of dendritic morphologies.Reverse engineering software NX Imageware was employed for the 3D reconstruction of two-dimensional dendritic morphologies,restoring the dendritic characteristics in three-dimensional space.The results demonstrate that in a two-dimensional plane,dendrites connect with each other to form irregularly shaped“ring-like”structures.These dendrites have a thickness greater than 0.1 mm along the Z-axis direction,leading to the envelopment of molten steel by dendrites in a 3D space of at least 0.1 mm.This results in obstructed flow,confirming the“bridging”of dendrites in three-dimensional space,resulting in a tendency for central segregation.Dense and dispersed tiny dendrites,under the influence of heat flow direction,interconnect and continuously grow,gradually forming primary and secondary dendrites in three-dimensional space.After the completion of dendritic solidification and growth,these microdendrites appear dense and dispersed on the two-dimensional plane,providing the nuclei for the formation of new dendrites.When reduction occurs at a solid fraction of 0.46,there is a noticeable decrease in dendritic spacing,resulting in improved central segregation.展开更多
This study examines the effectiveness of artificial intelligence techniques in generating high-quality environmental data for species introductory site selection systems.Combining Strengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities,Th...This study examines the effectiveness of artificial intelligence techniques in generating high-quality environmental data for species introductory site selection systems.Combining Strengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities,Threats(SWOT)analysis data with Variation Autoencoder(VAE)and Generative AdversarialNetwork(GAN)the network framework model(SAE-GAN),is proposed for environmental data reconstruction.The model combines two popular generative models,GAN and VAE,to generate features conditional on categorical data embedding after SWOT Analysis.The model is capable of generating features that resemble real feature distributions and adding sample factors to more accurately track individual sample data.Reconstructed data is used to retain more semantic information to generate features.The model was applied to species in Southern California,USA,citing SWOT analysis data to train the model.Experiments show that the model is capable of integrating data from more comprehensive analyses than traditional methods and generating high-quality reconstructed data from them,effectively solving the problem of insufficient data collection in development environments.The model is further validated by the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)classification assessment commonly used in the environmental data domain.This study provides a reliable and rich source of training data for species introduction site selection systems and makes a significant contribution to ecological and sustainable development.展开更多
Water splitting hinges crucially on the availability of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction.The surface reconstruction has been widely observed in perovskite catalysts,and the reconstruction degree has ...Water splitting hinges crucially on the availability of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction.The surface reconstruction has been widely observed in perovskite catalysts,and the reconstruction degree has been often correlated with the activity enhancement.Here,a systematic study on the roles of Fe substitution in activation of perovskite LaNiO_(3)is reported.The substituting Fe content influences both current change tendency and surface reconstruction degree.LaNi_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3)is found exhibiting a volcano-peak intrinsic activity in both pristine and reconstructed among all substituted perovskites in the LaNi_(1-x)Fe_(x)O_(3)(x=0.00,0.10,0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00)series.The reconstructed LaNi_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3)shows a higher intrinsic activity than most reported NiFe-based catalysts.Besides,density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe substitution can lower the O 2p level,which thus stabilize lattice oxygen in LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 and ensure its long-term stability.Furthermore,it is vital interesting that activity of the reconstructed catalysts relied more on the surface chemistry rather than the reconstruction degree.The effect of Fe on the degree of surface reconstruction of the perovskite is decoupled from that on its activity enhancement after surface reconstruction.This finding showcases the importance to customize the surface chemistry of reconstructed catalysts for water oxidation.展开更多
The surgical approach for patellar instability usually refers to reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament associated with an osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity or a trochleoplasty when required.The medial ...The surgical approach for patellar instability usually refers to reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament associated with an osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity or a trochleoplasty when required.The medial patellotibial ligament and the medial patellomeniscal ligament are secondary stabilizers of the patella.Despite this,both the medial patellotibial and patellofemoral ligaments aid in patellar rotation and tilt when the knee is flexed beyond 45°.The medial patellotibial ligament plays a particularly important role in the final stages of stretching in extension and between 40 degrees to 90 degrees of flexion.The clinical relevance and surgical indications for medial patellotibial ligament reconstruction associated with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction are still controversial.This editorial explores the surgical indications and clinical results for medial patellotibial ligament reconstruction to improve readers’understanding of this technique,especially because reported clinical outcomes have remained sparse.展开更多
Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in catalytic performances for CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),whereas the behavior is by far superficially understood.Here,we report that CO_(2)acc...Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in catalytic performances for CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),whereas the behavior is by far superficially understood.Here,we report that CO_(2)accessibility results in a universal self-adaptive structural reconstruction from Cu_(2)O to Cu@CuxO composites,ending with feeding gas-dependent microstructures and catalytic performances.The CO_(2)-rich atmosphere favors reconstruction for CO_(2)RR,whereas the CO_(2)-deficient one prefers that for hydrogen evolution reaction.With the assistance of spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations,we uncover a CO_(2)-induced passivation behavior by identifying a reductionresistant but catalytic active Cu(I)-rich amorphous layer stabilized by*CO intermediates.Additionally,we find extra CO production is indispensable for the robust production of C2H4.An inverse correlation between durability and FECO/FEC2H4 is disclosed,suggesting that the selfstabilization process involving the absorption of*CO intermediates on Cu(I)sites is essential for durable electrolysis.Guided by this insight,we design hollow Cu_(2)O nanospheres for durable and selective CO_(2)RR electrolysis in producing C2H4.Our work recognizes the previously overlooked passivation reconstruction and self-stabilizing behavior and highlights the critical role of the local atmosphere in modulating reconstruction and catalytic processes.展开更多
Image super-resolution reconstruction technology is currently widely used in medical imaging,video surveillance,and industrial quality inspection.It not only enhances image quality but also improves details and visual...Image super-resolution reconstruction technology is currently widely used in medical imaging,video surveillance,and industrial quality inspection.It not only enhances image quality but also improves details and visual perception,significantly increasing the utility of low-resolution images.In this study,an improved image superresolution reconstruction model based on Generative Adversarial Networks(SRGAN)was proposed.This model introduced a channel and spatial attention mechanism(CSAB)in the generator,allowing it to effectively leverage the information from the input image to enhance feature representations and capture important details.The discriminator was designed with an improved PatchGAN architecture,which more accurately captured local details and texture information of the image.With these enhanced generator and discriminator architectures and an optimized loss function design,this method demonstrated superior performance in image quality assessment metrics.Experimental results showed that this model outperforms traditional methods,presenting more detailed and realistic image details in the visual effects.展开更多
After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the tim...After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions,combined with the limitations of current methods.To address these challenges,various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury.Notably,neuromodulation has garnered considerable attention for its potential to enhance nerve regeneration,provide neuroprotection,restore neurons,and regulate the neural reorganization of circuits within the cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract.To improve the effectiveness of these interventions,the implementation of multitarget early interventional neuromodulation strategies,such as electrical and magnetic stimulation,is recommended to enhance functional recovery across different phases of nerve injury.This review concisely outlines the challenges encountered following spinal cord injury,synthesizes existing neurostimulation techniques while emphasizing neuroprotection,repair,and regeneration of impaired connections,and advocates for multi-targeted,task-oriented,and timely interventions.展开更多
Cyclops lesion is a fibrous nodule on the tibial side of the knee and it is one of the common complications that arises after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, causing loss of knee extension. A presenta...Cyclops lesion is a fibrous nodule on the tibial side of the knee and it is one of the common complications that arises after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, causing loss of knee extension. A presentation dominated by recurrent hemarthrosis is a rare presentation of this lesion. In this case report, we have discussed about a male patient who presented with recurrent hemarthrosis and inability to extend the knee joint fully 8 months after ACL reconstruction. Cyclops lesion was identified by clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recurrence after initial excision of the lesion occurred and complete resolution happened during the second operation when cauterization was done. It is imperative that treatment should include coagulation of the vascularized stump to avoid any recurrence.展开更多
This article proposes a three-dimensional light field reconstruction method based on neural radiation field(NeRF)called Infrared NeRF for low resolution thermal infrared scenes.Based on the characteristics of the low ...This article proposes a three-dimensional light field reconstruction method based on neural radiation field(NeRF)called Infrared NeRF for low resolution thermal infrared scenes.Based on the characteristics of the low resolution thermal infrared imaging,various optimizations have been carried out to improve the speed and accuracy of thermal infrared 3D reconstruction.Firstly,inspired by Boltzmann's law of thermal radiation,distance is incorporated into the NeRF model for the first time,resulting in a nonlinear propagation of a single ray and a more accurate description of the physical property that infrared radiation intensity decreases with increasing distance.Secondly,in terms of improving inference speed,based on the phenomenon of high and low frequency distribution of foreground and background in infrared images,a multi ray non-uniform light synthesis strategy is proposed to make the model pay more attention to foreground objects in the scene,reduce the distribution of light in the background,and significantly reduce training time without reducing accuracy.In addition,compared to visible light scenes,infrared images only have a single channel,so fewer network parameters are required.Experiments using the same training data and data filtering method showed that,compared to the original NeRF,the improved network achieved an average improvement of 13.8%and 4.62%in PSNR and SSIM,respectively,while an average decreases of 46%in LPIPS.And thanks to the optimization of network layers and data filtering methods,training only takes about 25%of the original method's time to achieve convergence.Finally,for scenes with weak backgrounds,this article improves the inference speed of the model by 4-6 times compared to the original NeRF by limiting the query interval of the model.展开更多
As a complement to X-ray computed tomography(CT),neutron tomography has been extensively used in nuclear engineer-ing,materials science,cultural heritage,and industrial applications.Reconstruction of the attenuation m...As a complement to X-ray computed tomography(CT),neutron tomography has been extensively used in nuclear engineer-ing,materials science,cultural heritage,and industrial applications.Reconstruction of the attenuation matrix for neutron tomography with a traditional analytical algorithm requires hundreds of projection views in the range of 0°to 180°and typically takes several hours to complete.Such a low time-resolved resolution degrades the quality of neutron imaging.Decreasing the number of projection acquisitions is an important approach to improve the time resolution of images;however,this requires efficient reconstruction algorithms.Therefore,sparse-view reconstruction algorithms in neutron tomography need to be investigated.In this study,we investigated the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for sparse-view neu-tron CT scans.To enhance the reconstructed image quality of neutron CT,we propose an algorithm that uses OS-SART to reconstruct images and a split Bregman to solve for the total variation(SBTV).A comparative analysis of the performances of each reconstruction algorithm was performed using simulated and actual experimental data.According to the analyzed results,OS-SART-SBTV is superior to the other algorithms in terms of denoising,suppressing artifacts,and preserving detailed structural information of images.展开更多
This paper presents a novel method for reconstructing a highly accurate 3D nose model of the human from 2D images and pre-marked landmarks based on algorithmic methods.The study focuses on the reconstruction of a 3D n...This paper presents a novel method for reconstructing a highly accurate 3D nose model of the human from 2D images and pre-marked landmarks based on algorithmic methods.The study focuses on the reconstruction of a 3D nose model tailored for applications in healthcare and cosmetic surgery.The approach leverages advanced image processing techniques,3D Morphable Models(3DMM),and deformation techniques to overcome the limita-tions of deep learning models,particularly addressing the interpretability issues commonly encountered in medical applications.The proposed method estimates the 3D coordinates of landmark points using a 3D structure estimation algorithm.Sub-landmarks are extracted through image processing techniques and interpolation.The initial surface is generated using a 3DMM,though its accuracy remains limited.To enhance precision,deformation techniques are applied,utilizing the coordinates of 76 identified landmarks and sub-landmarks.The resulting 3D nose model is constructed based on algorithmic methods and pre-marked landmarks.Evaluation of the 3D model is conducted by comparing landmark distances and shape similarity with expert-determined ground truth on 30 Vietnamese volunteers aged 18 to 47,all of whom were either preparing for or required nasal surgery.Experimental results demonstrate a strong agreement between the reconstructed 3D model and the ground truth.The method achieved a mean landmark distance error of 0.631 mm and a shape error of 1.738 mm,demonstrating its potential for medical applications.展开更多
In future high-energy physics experiments,the electromagnetic calorimeter(ECAL)should operate with an exceptionally high luminosity.An ECAL featuring a layered readout in the longitudinal direction and precise time-st...In future high-energy physics experiments,the electromagnetic calorimeter(ECAL)should operate with an exceptionally high luminosity.An ECAL featuring a layered readout in the longitudinal direction and precise time-stamped information offers a multidimensional view,thereby enriching our understanding of the showering process of electromagnetic particles in high-luminosity environments.This was used as the baseline design for several new experiments,including the planned upgrades of the current running experiments.Reconstructing and matching multidimensional information across different layers poses new challenges for the effective utilization of layered data.This study introduced a novel layered reconstruction framework for ECAL with a layered readout information structure and developed a corresponding layered clustering algorithm.This expands the concept of clusters from a plane to multiple layers.Additionally,this study presents the corresponding layered cluster correction methods,investigates the transverse shower profile utilized for overlapping cluster splitting,and develops a layered mergedπ^(0)reconstruction algorithm based on this framework.By incorporating energy and time information into 3-dimensions,this framework provides a suitable software platform for preliminary research on longitudinally segmented ECAL and new perspectives in physics analyses.Furthermore,using the PicoCal in LHCb Upgrade II as a concrete example,the performance of the framework was preliminarily evaluated using single photons andπ^(0)particles from the neutral B^(0)meson decay B^(0)→π^(+)π^(-)π^(0)as benchmarks.The results demonstrate that,compared to the unlayered framework,utilizing this framework for longitudinally segmented ECAL significantly enhances the position resolution and the ability to split overlapping clusters,thereby improving the reconstruction resolution and efficiency for photons andπ^(0)s.展开更多
BACKGROUND The magnamosis,a minimal invasive,suture-free procedure,has been used for digestive tract or vessel reconstruction,such as gastrointestinal anastomosis,bilioenteric anastomosis,and coronary artery bypass.Al...BACKGROUND The magnamosis,a minimal invasive,suture-free procedure,has been used for digestive tract or vessel reconstruction,such as gastrointestinal anastomosis,bilioenteric anastomosis,and coronary artery bypass.Although some case reports have demonstrated the potential of magnamosis for the treatment of congenital rectal atresia(RA),they cannot provide strong evidence for its widespread application.AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of magnamosis in treating RA in dogs as compared to suturing anastomosis.The findings of this study can be beneficial in guiding the clinical application of magnamosis.METHODS Thirty-six dogs were randomly assigned to the magnamosis group(n=18)and the suturing anastomosis group(n=18).The rectum was freed laparoscopically in all dogs.In the magnamosis group,rectal anastomosis was performed using a pair of magnetic rings,while the suturing anastomosis group underwent a straight-sighted end-to-end rectal anastomosis with 4-0 absorbable sutures.The anastomosis time was recorded,and abdominal plain film examination was performed to locate the magnets until they were expelled postoperatively.Specimens of the anastomosis were evaluated at one month,three months,and six months after surgery.RESULTS The mean time for rectal anastomosis was significantly shorter in the magnamosis group(12.22±2.78 minutes)than the suturing anastomosis group(18.11±1.68 minutes).There was one incidence of anastomotic bleeding in the suturing anastomosis group,whereas no complication was recorded in the magnamosis group.The magnets were discharged post-surgery in 7.17±1.30 days in all the dogs.The histopathological examination revealed a smoother healing of anastomotic mucosa in the magnamosis group as compared to that in the suturing anastomosis group.Moreover,the fiber alignment was also more natural in the magnamosis group with minimal inflammation.CONCLUSION Rectal reconstruction using magnamosis is a feasible,safe,and effective alternative to suturing anastomosis in dogs,with the added benefit of faster and more natural healing of the anastomosis.展开更多
Background: Numerous reconstruction methods have been developed for myelomeningocele defects;however,no published reports have been published on the preferred reconstruction method in Malaysia.This study reviewed reco...Background: Numerous reconstruction methods have been developed for myelomeningocele defects;however,no published reports have been published on the preferred reconstruction method in Malaysia.This study reviewed reconstruction techniques and outcomes in patients with myelomeningocele at our center.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on reconstruction methods and outcomes in patients with myelomeningocele referred to the Plastic and Reconstructive Unit,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia(HUSM),Kelantan,for wound coverage from to 1997–2023.Data on patient demographics,defect size,reconstruction methods,operation duration,flap-related complications,and secondary repairs were collected and analyzed.Results: Thirteen patients were identified in this retrospective study,comprising 5 female patients,7 male patients,and 1 ambiguous gender patient.Wound closures were performed using primary closure method,local flaps,or regional flap closure.Nine(69.2%) of the thirteen patients underwent soft tissue reconstruction using the local flap,three(23.1%) underwent primary closure,and only one(7.7%) patient underwent wound closure with a regional flap.Flap-related complications were observed in four of the thirteen patients,including wound breakdown in two cases and partial flap necrosis in two cases.Of these four patients,secondary repair was required in three: split-thickness skin grafting was performed in two,and primary closure in one.The remaining patient was managed conservatively with dressings.Patients were followed up for a mean duration of56.6(±62.4) months,and complete healing was achieved in all cases.Conclusion: Myelomeningocele repair remains challenging,and a multidisciplinary approach is recommended.We demonstrated various local and regional flap closure methods with good outcomes.Reconstruction techniques should be tailored for individual cases based to the surgeon expertise.展开更多
Component leaching plays a pivotal role in enhancing the activity and stability of high-entropy-based catalysts by triggering structural reconstruction during the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this study,we employ...Component leaching plays a pivotal role in enhancing the activity and stability of high-entropy-based catalysts by triggering structural reconstruction during the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this study,we employed soluble V and Mo as sacrificial components alongside a Co stabilizer to synthesize NiFeCoVMo high-entropy catalysts,aiming to simultaneously modulate the reconstruction behavior and optimize catalytic performance.The synergistic interplay between dual-component dissolution and in situ deposition/adsorption mechanisms accelerates structural evolution,ultimately yielding MoO_(4)^(2-)-modified NiFeCo oxyhydroxide(NiFeCoOOH-MoO_(4)^(2-)).Mechanistic studies reveal that the NiFeCo-based system is particularly conducive to the reconstruction process,while adsorbed MoO_(4)^(2-)function as electronic modulators that redistribute charge densities within the reconstructed layers and reduce surface energy.As a result,this reconstructed catalyst demonstrates exceptional OER activity,achieving an overpotential of 172 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),along with remarkable long-term durability(up to500 h at 50 mA cm^(-2)).This study provides fundamental insights into the origins of the superior electrocatalytic performance of high-entropy materials,paving the way for further exploration and optimization of these advanced catalysts.展开更多
This article offers additional clinical and biomechanical insights into using the peroneus longus tendon(PLT)autograft in posterior cruciate ligament recon-struction.While recent studies report favorable knee outcomes...This article offers additional clinical and biomechanical insights into using the peroneus longus tendon(PLT)autograft in posterior cruciate ligament recon-struction.While recent studies report favorable knee outcomes,concerns remain regarding donor site morbidity.The PLT plays a key role in foot biomechanics,and its harvesting may lead to subtle changes,as suggested by imaging and pe-dobarographic studies.Tendon regeneration may limit long-term morbidity,but further studies are needed.We recommend that future research include gait analysis,long-term follow-up,and insights from anterior cruciate ligament li-terature.展开更多
As a classic novel,San Guo Yan Yi raises a crucial cross-cultural communication question:how can Western readers accurately and objectively understand Zhuge Liang’s image in its overseas translation?Influenced by cul...As a classic novel,San Guo Yan Yi raises a crucial cross-cultural communication question:how can Western readers accurately and objectively understand Zhuge Liang’s image in its overseas translation?Influenced by cultural context disparities and the intervention of the translator’s subjectivity,Moss Roberts has boldly transformed and reshaped Zhuge Liang’s traditionally-perceived image.In Three Kingdoms,from the image of an omnipotent wise man,a benevolent person,and a loyal and unwavering sage,Moss Roberts constructs images of Zhuge Liang who,while possessing genuine talent and knowledge,is also narrow-minded,jealous of the able and virtuous,and has a tinge of hypocrisy,thus creating a strong tragic implication.Through comparisons,this study aims to provide a new dimension for Zhuge Liang’s image,offering references for the study of cross-cultural translation of Chinese classical literature,deepening the understanding of how cultural identities are negotiated in translation.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant (62071281)Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project Guided by the Central Government under grant (YDZJSX2021A003)。
文摘Radiation dose reduction in computed tomography(CT)can be achieved by decreasing the number of projections.However,reconstructing CT images via filtered back projection algorithm from sparse-view projections often contains severe streak artifacts,affecting clinical diagnosis.To address this issue,this paper proposes TransitNet,an iterative unrolling deep neural network that combines model-driven data consistency,a physical a prior constraint,with deep learning’s feature extraction capabilities.TransitNet employs a novel iterative architecture,implementing flexible physical constraints through learnable data consistency operations,utilizing Transformer’s self-attention mechanism to model long-range dependencies in image features,and introducing linear attention mechanisms to reduce self-attention’s computational complexity from quadratic to linear.Extensive experiments demonstrate that this method exhibits significant advantages in both reconstruction quality and computational efficiency,effectively suppressing streak artifacts while preserving structures and details of images.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2032148,U2032157,11775224)USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(No.YD2310002008)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0402904),the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(No.2020457)。
文摘Grating-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging enhances the contrast of imaged objects,particularly soft tissues.However,the radiation dose in computed tomography(CT)is generally excessive owing to the complex collection scheme.Sparse-view CT collection reduces the radiation dose,but with reduced resolution and reconstructed artifacts particularly in analytical reconstruction methods.Recently,deep learning has been employed in sparse-view CT reconstruction and achieved stateof-the-art results.Nevertheless,its low generalization performance and requirement for abundant training datasets have hindered the practical application of deep learning in phase-contrast CT.In this study,a CT model was used to generate a substantial number of simulated training datasets,thereby circumventing the need for experimental datasets.By training a network with simulated training datasets,the proposed method achieves high generalization performance in attenuationbased CT and phase-contrast CT,despite the lack of sufficient experimental datasets.In experiments utilizing only half of the CT data,our proposed method obtained an image quality comparable to that of the filtered back-projection algorithm with full-view projection.The proposed method simultaneously addresses two challenges in phase-contrast three-dimensional imaging,namely the lack of experimental datasets and the high exposure dose,through model-driven deep learning.This method significantly accelerates the practical application of phase-contrast CT.
基金supported by Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy(No.G201711)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52104317 and 51874001).
文摘The impact of heavy reduction on dendritic morphology was explored by combining experimental research and numerical simulation in metallurgy,including a detailed three-dimensional(3D)analysis and reconstruction of dendritic solidification structures.Combining scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive scanning analysis and ANSYS simulation,the high-precision image processing software Mimics Research was utilized to conduct the extraction of dendritic morphologies.Reverse engineering software NX Imageware was employed for the 3D reconstruction of two-dimensional dendritic morphologies,restoring the dendritic characteristics in three-dimensional space.The results demonstrate that in a two-dimensional plane,dendrites connect with each other to form irregularly shaped“ring-like”structures.These dendrites have a thickness greater than 0.1 mm along the Z-axis direction,leading to the envelopment of molten steel by dendrites in a 3D space of at least 0.1 mm.This results in obstructed flow,confirming the“bridging”of dendrites in three-dimensional space,resulting in a tendency for central segregation.Dense and dispersed tiny dendrites,under the influence of heat flow direction,interconnect and continuously grow,gradually forming primary and secondary dendrites in three-dimensional space.After the completion of dendritic solidification and growth,these microdendrites appear dense and dispersed on the two-dimensional plane,providing the nuclei for the formation of new dendrites.When reduction occurs at a solid fraction of 0.46,there is a noticeable decrease in dendritic spacing,resulting in improved central segregation.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Liaoning Universities(LJ212410146025).
文摘This study examines the effectiveness of artificial intelligence techniques in generating high-quality environmental data for species introductory site selection systems.Combining Strengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities,Threats(SWOT)analysis data with Variation Autoencoder(VAE)and Generative AdversarialNetwork(GAN)the network framework model(SAE-GAN),is proposed for environmental data reconstruction.The model combines two popular generative models,GAN and VAE,to generate features conditional on categorical data embedding after SWOT Analysis.The model is capable of generating features that resemble real feature distributions and adding sample factors to more accurately track individual sample data.Reconstructed data is used to retain more semantic information to generate features.The model was applied to species in Southern California,USA,citing SWOT analysis data to train the model.Experiments show that the model is capable of integrating data from more comprehensive analyses than traditional methods and generating high-quality reconstructed data from them,effectively solving the problem of insufficient data collection in development environments.The model is further validated by the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)classification assessment commonly used in the environmental data domain.This study provides a reliable and rich source of training data for species introduction site selection systems and makes a significant contribution to ecological and sustainable development.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1501101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22471103,22425105,22201111,21931001,22221001,and 22271124)+5 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001)the Special Fund Project of Guiding Scientific and Technological Innovation Development of Gansu Province(2019ZX-04)the 111 Project(B20027)as well as the National Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(22JR5RA470)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2023-eyt03)supported by the Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*STAR)MTC Individual Research Grants(IRG)M22K2c0078.
文摘Water splitting hinges crucially on the availability of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction.The surface reconstruction has been widely observed in perovskite catalysts,and the reconstruction degree has been often correlated with the activity enhancement.Here,a systematic study on the roles of Fe substitution in activation of perovskite LaNiO_(3)is reported.The substituting Fe content influences both current change tendency and surface reconstruction degree.LaNi_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3)is found exhibiting a volcano-peak intrinsic activity in both pristine and reconstructed among all substituted perovskites in the LaNi_(1-x)Fe_(x)O_(3)(x=0.00,0.10,0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00)series.The reconstructed LaNi_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3)shows a higher intrinsic activity than most reported NiFe-based catalysts.Besides,density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe substitution can lower the O 2p level,which thus stabilize lattice oxygen in LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 and ensure its long-term stability.Furthermore,it is vital interesting that activity of the reconstructed catalysts relied more on the surface chemistry rather than the reconstruction degree.The effect of Fe on the degree of surface reconstruction of the perovskite is decoupled from that on its activity enhancement after surface reconstruction.This finding showcases the importance to customize the surface chemistry of reconstructed catalysts for water oxidation.
文摘The surgical approach for patellar instability usually refers to reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament associated with an osteotomy of the tibial tuberosity or a trochleoplasty when required.The medial patellotibial ligament and the medial patellomeniscal ligament are secondary stabilizers of the patella.Despite this,both the medial patellotibial and patellofemoral ligaments aid in patellar rotation and tilt when the knee is flexed beyond 45°.The medial patellotibial ligament plays a particularly important role in the final stages of stretching in extension and between 40 degrees to 90 degrees of flexion.The clinical relevance and surgical indications for medial patellotibial ligament reconstruction associated with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction are still controversial.This editorial explores the surgical indications and clinical results for medial patellotibial ligament reconstruction to improve readers’understanding of this technique,especially because reported clinical outcomes have remained sparse.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22479097)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Grant No.23ZR1433000)the National High-Level Talent Program for Young Scholars,the Start-up Fund(F.S.)from Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
文摘Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in catalytic performances for CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),whereas the behavior is by far superficially understood.Here,we report that CO_(2)accessibility results in a universal self-adaptive structural reconstruction from Cu_(2)O to Cu@CuxO composites,ending with feeding gas-dependent microstructures and catalytic performances.The CO_(2)-rich atmosphere favors reconstruction for CO_(2)RR,whereas the CO_(2)-deficient one prefers that for hydrogen evolution reaction.With the assistance of spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations,we uncover a CO_(2)-induced passivation behavior by identifying a reductionresistant but catalytic active Cu(I)-rich amorphous layer stabilized by*CO intermediates.Additionally,we find extra CO production is indispensable for the robust production of C2H4.An inverse correlation between durability and FECO/FEC2H4 is disclosed,suggesting that the selfstabilization process involving the absorption of*CO intermediates on Cu(I)sites is essential for durable electrolysis.Guided by this insight,we design hollow Cu_(2)O nanospheres for durable and selective CO_(2)RR electrolysis in producing C2H4.Our work recognizes the previously overlooked passivation reconstruction and self-stabilizing behavior and highlights the critical role of the local atmosphere in modulating reconstruction and catalytic processes.
文摘Image super-resolution reconstruction technology is currently widely used in medical imaging,video surveillance,and industrial quality inspection.It not only enhances image quality but also improves details and visual perception,significantly increasing the utility of low-resolution images.In this study,an improved image superresolution reconstruction model based on Generative Adversarial Networks(SRGAN)was proposed.This model introduced a channel and spatial attention mechanism(CSAB)in the generator,allowing it to effectively leverage the information from the input image to enhance feature representations and capture important details.The discriminator was designed with an improved PatchGAN architecture,which more accurately captured local details and texture information of the image.With these enhanced generator and discriminator architectures and an optimized loss function design,this method demonstrated superior performance in image quality assessment metrics.Experimental results showed that this model outperforms traditional methods,presenting more detailed and realistic image details in the visual effects.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3603705(to DX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82302866(to YZ).
文摘After spinal cord injury,impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor,sensory,proprioceptive,and autonomic nervous systems.Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions,combined with the limitations of current methods.To address these challenges,various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury.Notably,neuromodulation has garnered considerable attention for its potential to enhance nerve regeneration,provide neuroprotection,restore neurons,and regulate the neural reorganization of circuits within the cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract.To improve the effectiveness of these interventions,the implementation of multitarget early interventional neuromodulation strategies,such as electrical and magnetic stimulation,is recommended to enhance functional recovery across different phases of nerve injury.This review concisely outlines the challenges encountered following spinal cord injury,synthesizes existing neurostimulation techniques while emphasizing neuroprotection,repair,and regeneration of impaired connections,and advocates for multi-targeted,task-oriented,and timely interventions.
文摘Cyclops lesion is a fibrous nodule on the tibial side of the knee and it is one of the common complications that arises after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, causing loss of knee extension. A presentation dominated by recurrent hemarthrosis is a rare presentation of this lesion. In this case report, we have discussed about a male patient who presented with recurrent hemarthrosis and inability to extend the knee joint fully 8 months after ACL reconstruction. Cyclops lesion was identified by clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recurrence after initial excision of the lesion occurred and complete resolution happened during the second operation when cauterization was done. It is imperative that treatment should include coagulation of the vascularized stump to avoid any recurrence.
基金Support by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2024300443)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Young Scientists Fund(62405131)。
文摘This article proposes a three-dimensional light field reconstruction method based on neural radiation field(NeRF)called Infrared NeRF for low resolution thermal infrared scenes.Based on the characteristics of the low resolution thermal infrared imaging,various optimizations have been carried out to improve the speed and accuracy of thermal infrared 3D reconstruction.Firstly,inspired by Boltzmann's law of thermal radiation,distance is incorporated into the NeRF model for the first time,resulting in a nonlinear propagation of a single ray and a more accurate description of the physical property that infrared radiation intensity decreases with increasing distance.Secondly,in terms of improving inference speed,based on the phenomenon of high and low frequency distribution of foreground and background in infrared images,a multi ray non-uniform light synthesis strategy is proposed to make the model pay more attention to foreground objects in the scene,reduce the distribution of light in the background,and significantly reduce training time without reducing accuracy.In addition,compared to visible light scenes,infrared images only have a single channel,so fewer network parameters are required.Experiments using the same training data and data filtering method showed that,compared to the original NeRF,the improved network achieved an average improvement of 13.8%and 4.62%in PSNR and SSIM,respectively,while an average decreases of 46%in LPIPS.And thanks to the optimization of network layers and data filtering methods,training only takes about 25%of the original method's time to achieve convergence.Finally,for scenes with weak backgrounds,this article improves the inference speed of the model by 4-6 times compared to the original NeRF by limiting the query interval of the model.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB1902700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11875129)+3 种基金the Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect(No.SKLIPR1810)the Fund of Innovation Center of Radiation Application(No.KFZC2020020402)the Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology,Peking University(No.NPT2020KFY08)the Joint Innovation Fund of China National Uranium Co.,Ltd.,State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology(No.2022NRE-LH-02).
文摘As a complement to X-ray computed tomography(CT),neutron tomography has been extensively used in nuclear engineer-ing,materials science,cultural heritage,and industrial applications.Reconstruction of the attenuation matrix for neutron tomography with a traditional analytical algorithm requires hundreds of projection views in the range of 0°to 180°and typically takes several hours to complete.Such a low time-resolved resolution degrades the quality of neutron imaging.Decreasing the number of projection acquisitions is an important approach to improve the time resolution of images;however,this requires efficient reconstruction algorithms.Therefore,sparse-view reconstruction algorithms in neutron tomography need to be investigated.In this study,we investigated the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for sparse-view neu-tron CT scans.To enhance the reconstructed image quality of neutron CT,we propose an algorithm that uses OS-SART to reconstruct images and a split Bregman to solve for the total variation(SBTV).A comparative analysis of the performances of each reconstruction algorithm was performed using simulated and actual experimental data.According to the analyzed results,OS-SART-SBTV is superior to the other algorithms in terms of denoising,suppressing artifacts,and preserving detailed structural information of images.
文摘This paper presents a novel method for reconstructing a highly accurate 3D nose model of the human from 2D images and pre-marked landmarks based on algorithmic methods.The study focuses on the reconstruction of a 3D nose model tailored for applications in healthcare and cosmetic surgery.The approach leverages advanced image processing techniques,3D Morphable Models(3DMM),and deformation techniques to overcome the limita-tions of deep learning models,particularly addressing the interpretability issues commonly encountered in medical applications.The proposed method estimates the 3D coordinates of landmark points using a 3D structure estimation algorithm.Sub-landmarks are extracted through image processing techniques and interpolation.The initial surface is generated using a 3DMM,though its accuracy remains limited.To enhance precision,deformation techniques are applied,utilizing the coordinates of 76 identified landmarks and sub-landmarks.The resulting 3D nose model is constructed based on algorithmic methods and pre-marked landmarks.Evaluation of the 3D model is conducted by comparing landmark distances and shape similarity with expert-determined ground truth on 30 Vietnamese volunteers aged 18 to 47,all of whom were either preparing for or required nasal surgery.Experimental results demonstrate a strong agreement between the reconstructed 3D model and the ground truth.The method achieved a mean landmark distance error of 0.631 mm and a shape error of 1.738 mm,demonstrating its potential for medical applications.
文摘In future high-energy physics experiments,the electromagnetic calorimeter(ECAL)should operate with an exceptionally high luminosity.An ECAL featuring a layered readout in the longitudinal direction and precise time-stamped information offers a multidimensional view,thereby enriching our understanding of the showering process of electromagnetic particles in high-luminosity environments.This was used as the baseline design for several new experiments,including the planned upgrades of the current running experiments.Reconstructing and matching multidimensional information across different layers poses new challenges for the effective utilization of layered data.This study introduced a novel layered reconstruction framework for ECAL with a layered readout information structure and developed a corresponding layered clustering algorithm.This expands the concept of clusters from a plane to multiple layers.Additionally,this study presents the corresponding layered cluster correction methods,investigates the transverse shower profile utilized for overlapping cluster splitting,and develops a layered mergedπ^(0)reconstruction algorithm based on this framework.By incorporating energy and time information into 3-dimensions,this framework provides a suitable software platform for preliminary research on longitudinally segmented ECAL and new perspectives in physics analyses.Furthermore,using the PicoCal in LHCb Upgrade II as a concrete example,the performance of the framework was preliminarily evaluated using single photons andπ^(0)particles from the neutral B^(0)meson decay B^(0)→π^(+)π^(-)π^(0)as benchmarks.The results demonstrate that,compared to the unlayered framework,utilizing this framework for longitudinally segmented ECAL significantly enhances the position resolution and the ability to split overlapping clusters,thereby improving the reconstruction resolution and efficiency for photons andπ^(0)s.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170676Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Provincial Key Industries Innovation Chain(Cluster)-Social Development Project,No.2020ZDLSF02-03Xi'an Talents Plan Project,No.XAYC210064.
文摘BACKGROUND The magnamosis,a minimal invasive,suture-free procedure,has been used for digestive tract or vessel reconstruction,such as gastrointestinal anastomosis,bilioenteric anastomosis,and coronary artery bypass.Although some case reports have demonstrated the potential of magnamosis for the treatment of congenital rectal atresia(RA),they cannot provide strong evidence for its widespread application.AIM To assess the feasibility and safety of magnamosis in treating RA in dogs as compared to suturing anastomosis.The findings of this study can be beneficial in guiding the clinical application of magnamosis.METHODS Thirty-six dogs were randomly assigned to the magnamosis group(n=18)and the suturing anastomosis group(n=18).The rectum was freed laparoscopically in all dogs.In the magnamosis group,rectal anastomosis was performed using a pair of magnetic rings,while the suturing anastomosis group underwent a straight-sighted end-to-end rectal anastomosis with 4-0 absorbable sutures.The anastomosis time was recorded,and abdominal plain film examination was performed to locate the magnets until they were expelled postoperatively.Specimens of the anastomosis were evaluated at one month,three months,and six months after surgery.RESULTS The mean time for rectal anastomosis was significantly shorter in the magnamosis group(12.22±2.78 minutes)than the suturing anastomosis group(18.11±1.68 minutes).There was one incidence of anastomotic bleeding in the suturing anastomosis group,whereas no complication was recorded in the magnamosis group.The magnets were discharged post-surgery in 7.17±1.30 days in all the dogs.The histopathological examination revealed a smoother healing of anastomotic mucosa in the magnamosis group as compared to that in the suturing anastomosis group.Moreover,the fiber alignment was also more natural in the magnamosis group with minimal inflammation.CONCLUSION Rectal reconstruction using magnamosis is a feasible,safe,and effective alternative to suturing anastomosis in dogs,with the added benefit of faster and more natural healing of the anastomosis.
文摘Background: Numerous reconstruction methods have been developed for myelomeningocele defects;however,no published reports have been published on the preferred reconstruction method in Malaysia.This study reviewed reconstruction techniques and outcomes in patients with myelomeningocele at our center.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on reconstruction methods and outcomes in patients with myelomeningocele referred to the Plastic and Reconstructive Unit,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia(HUSM),Kelantan,for wound coverage from to 1997–2023.Data on patient demographics,defect size,reconstruction methods,operation duration,flap-related complications,and secondary repairs were collected and analyzed.Results: Thirteen patients were identified in this retrospective study,comprising 5 female patients,7 male patients,and 1 ambiguous gender patient.Wound closures were performed using primary closure method,local flaps,or regional flap closure.Nine(69.2%) of the thirteen patients underwent soft tissue reconstruction using the local flap,three(23.1%) underwent primary closure,and only one(7.7%) patient underwent wound closure with a regional flap.Flap-related complications were observed in four of the thirteen patients,including wound breakdown in two cases and partial flap necrosis in two cases.Of these four patients,secondary repair was required in three: split-thickness skin grafting was performed in two,and primary closure in one.The remaining patient was managed conservatively with dressings.Patients were followed up for a mean duration of56.6(±62.4) months,and complete healing was achieved in all cases.Conclusion: Myelomeningocele repair remains challenging,and a multidisciplinary approach is recommended.We demonstrated various local and regional flap closure methods with good outcomes.Reconstruction techniques should be tailored for individual cases based to the surgeon expertise.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LD25B060003,LD25E020003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379020,52372235,52222103,12364021)+8 种基金Key Scientific Research Project of Hangzhou(2024SZD1B12)Science and Technology Project of Huzhou(2024GZ02)State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies(FZ2024009)Fund Projects of Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology/Department of Education(QJJ[2022]318 and QKHJC[2024]youth336/337)Zunyi R&D Base of New Optoelectronic Materials and Electronic DevicesNational Science Foundation of Sichuan Province of China(24NSFSC5819)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(W030241021007)Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application(Harbin University of Science and Technology)Ministry of Education(KFM202303)。
文摘Component leaching plays a pivotal role in enhancing the activity and stability of high-entropy-based catalysts by triggering structural reconstruction during the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this study,we employed soluble V and Mo as sacrificial components alongside a Co stabilizer to synthesize NiFeCoVMo high-entropy catalysts,aiming to simultaneously modulate the reconstruction behavior and optimize catalytic performance.The synergistic interplay between dual-component dissolution and in situ deposition/adsorption mechanisms accelerates structural evolution,ultimately yielding MoO_(4)^(2-)-modified NiFeCo oxyhydroxide(NiFeCoOOH-MoO_(4)^(2-)).Mechanistic studies reveal that the NiFeCo-based system is particularly conducive to the reconstruction process,while adsorbed MoO_(4)^(2-)function as electronic modulators that redistribute charge densities within the reconstructed layers and reduce surface energy.As a result,this reconstructed catalyst demonstrates exceptional OER activity,achieving an overpotential of 172 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2),along with remarkable long-term durability(up to500 h at 50 mA cm^(-2)).This study provides fundamental insights into the origins of the superior electrocatalytic performance of high-entropy materials,paving the way for further exploration and optimization of these advanced catalysts.
文摘This article offers additional clinical and biomechanical insights into using the peroneus longus tendon(PLT)autograft in posterior cruciate ligament recon-struction.While recent studies report favorable knee outcomes,concerns remain regarding donor site morbidity.The PLT plays a key role in foot biomechanics,and its harvesting may lead to subtle changes,as suggested by imaging and pe-dobarographic studies.Tendon regeneration may limit long-term morbidity,but further studies are needed.We recommend that future research include gait analysis,long-term follow-up,and insights from anterior cruciate ligament li-terature.
文摘As a classic novel,San Guo Yan Yi raises a crucial cross-cultural communication question:how can Western readers accurately and objectively understand Zhuge Liang’s image in its overseas translation?Influenced by cultural context disparities and the intervention of the translator’s subjectivity,Moss Roberts has boldly transformed and reshaped Zhuge Liang’s traditionally-perceived image.In Three Kingdoms,from the image of an omnipotent wise man,a benevolent person,and a loyal and unwavering sage,Moss Roberts constructs images of Zhuge Liang who,while possessing genuine talent and knowledge,is also narrow-minded,jealous of the able and virtuous,and has a tinge of hypocrisy,thus creating a strong tragic implication.Through comparisons,this study aims to provide a new dimension for Zhuge Liang’s image,offering references for the study of cross-cultural translation of Chinese classical literature,deepening the understanding of how cultural identities are negotiated in translation.
