Single-atom catalysts(SACs)are among the most cutting-edge catalysts in the multiphase catalysis track due to their unique geometrical and electronic properties,the highest atom utilization efficiency,and uniform acti...Single-atom catalysts(SACs)are among the most cutting-edge catalysts in the multiphase catalysis track due to their unique geometrical and electronic properties,the highest atom utilization efficiency,and uniform active sites.SACs have been facing an unresolved problem in practical applications:the opposing contradiction of activity-stability.The successful development of single-atom nano-islands(SANIs)cleverly combines the ultra-high atom utilization efficiency of SACs with the confinement effect and structural stability of nano-island structures,realizing the“moving but not aggregation”of SACs,which fundamentally solves this inherent contradiction.Although research on the precise loading of single atoms on nano-islands continues to advance,existing reviews have not yet established a closed-loop cognitive framework encompassing“models-synthesis-high stability mechanisms-high activity essence-applications.”This work fills this critical gap by systematically integrating the basic conceptual models and cutting-edge synthesis strategies of SANIs,focusing on revealing the underlying mechanisms by which SANIs overcome the stability bottleneck of SACs,elucidating the role of nano-islands and their synergistic mechanisms to clarify the high activity essence,and establishing the structure-activity relationship between atomic confinement effects and macroscopic performance,ultimately achieving breakthrough validation across catalytic systems.This review aims to open new perspectives,drive a paradigm shift in understanding the multi-dimensional advantages of SANIs,and thereby spur breakthrough progress in this frontier field.展开更多
This study investigated enhancing the wear resistance of Ti6Al4V alloys for medical applications by incorporating Ti C nanoreinforcements using advanced spark plasma sintering(SPS). The addition of up to 2.5wt% Ti C s...This study investigated enhancing the wear resistance of Ti6Al4V alloys for medical applications by incorporating Ti C nanoreinforcements using advanced spark plasma sintering(SPS). The addition of up to 2.5wt% Ti C significantly improved the mechanical properties, including a notable 18.2% increase in hardness(HV 332). Fretting wear tests against 316L stainless steel(SS316L) balls demonstrated a 20wt%–22wt% reduction in wear volume in the Ti6Al4V/Ti C composites compared with the monolithic alloy. Microstructural analysis revealed that Ti C reinforcement controlled the grain orientation and reduced the β-phase content, which contributed to enhanced mechanical properties. The monolithic alloy exhibited a Widmanstätten lamellar microstructure, while increasing the Ti C content modified the wear mechanisms from ploughing and adhesion(0–0.5wt%) to pitting and abrasion(1wt%–2.5wt%). At higher reinforcement levels, the formation of a robust oxide layer through tribo-oxide treatment effectively reduced the wear volume by minimizing the abrasive effects and plastic deformation. This study highlights the potential of SPS-mediated Ti C reinforcement as a transformative approach for improving the performance of Ti6Al4V alloys, paving the way for advanced medical applications.展开更多
当前,高职“Spark技术”课程教学存在学生前置知识不扎实、能力分化、考核方式缺乏针对性、项目案例孤立等问题,导致学生的技能与企业的需求脱节。文章结合项目驱动与成果导向教育(Outcome Based Education,OBE)理念,将生成式人工智能(A...当前,高职“Spark技术”课程教学存在学生前置知识不扎实、能力分化、考核方式缺乏针对性、项目案例孤立等问题,导致学生的技能与企业的需求脱节。文章结合项目驱动与成果导向教育(Outcome Based Education,OBE)理念,将生成式人工智能(Artificial Intelligence Generated Content,AIGC)融入课程教学,引入领域专用大语言模型SQLCoder-7B-2构建智能查询流程。教学案例借助Selenium技术获取租房信息,渗透“数据采集—数据清洗—数据分析”的大数据思维,详细阐述“课前—课中—课后”三阶段教学路径。该模式能有效降低Spark SQL编程学习难度,助力学生专注数据分析思维与AI工具应用能力培养,为大数据专业培育人工智能素养复合型人才提供可行教学范式。展开更多
With the increasingly fierce competition among communication operators,it is more and more important to make an accurate prediction of potential off grid users.To solve the above problem,it is inevitable to consider t...With the increasingly fierce competition among communication operators,it is more and more important to make an accurate prediction of potential off grid users.To solve the above problem,it is inevitable to consider the effectiveness of learning algo rithms,the efficiency of data processing,and other factors.Therefore,in this paper,we,from the practical application point of view,propose a potential customer off grid predic tion system based on Spark,including data pre processing,feature selection,model build ing,and effective display.Furthermore,in the research of off grid system,we use the Spark parallel framework to improve the gcForest algorithm which is a novel decision tree ensemble approach.The new parallel gcForest algorithm can be used to solve practical problems,such as the off grid prediction problem.Experiments on two real world datasets demonstrate that the proposed prediction system can handle large scale data for the off grid user prediction problem and the proposed parallel gcForest can achieve satisfying per formance.展开更多
A ternary-layered carbide Ti2AlC material could be synthesized by spark plasma sintering（SPS） technology using elemental powder mixture of Ti, Al and active carbon. By means of XRD and SEM, phases were identified an...A ternary-layered carbide Ti2AlC material could be synthesized by spark plasma sintering（SPS） technology using elemental powder mixture of Ti, Al and active carbon. By means of XRD and SEM, phases were identified and microscopically evaluated. The experimental results show that the main phase in the product was fully crystallized Ti2AlC with small particle size when sintered at 1200℃. The synthesis temperature of SPS was 200-400℃ lower than that of hot pressing （HP） or hot isostatic pressing （HIP）. Through thermodynamics calculations, the mechanism of Ti2AlC was studied by calculating changes of Gibbs free energy of reactions.展开更多
A two-tracer PLIF system was developed to measure fuel stratification in cylinder of a spark ignition engine which is achieved by producing a strong tumbling flow and introducing two fuels through two separate intake ...A two-tracer PLIF system was developed to measure fuel stratification in cylinder of a spark ignition engine which is achieved by producing a strong tumbling flow and introducing two fuels through two separate intake ports.Two tracers,3-pentanone and N,N-dimethylaniline(DMA),were doped in two fuels,hexane and iso-octane,respectively.A spectroscopic test result showed that when subject to irradiation by a XeCl Excimer laser(308 nm),3-pentanone and DMA emit fluorescence within different wavelength regions.Their fluorescence can be separated by two band-pass optical filters and recorded into a single intensified CCD camera through a specially designed image doubling system.The advantage of the measurement method is that both fuel distributions in cylinder can be visualized by one shot.Measurement results showed that two fuels were well stratified in the cylinder.展开更多
In order to unclose the dynamics of SPS densification, a special sintering sample (Cu/Ti wires compact) was designed. Characters of the shrinkage rates during sintering process and microstructures of products fabricat...In order to unclose the dynamics of SPS densification, a special sintering sample (Cu/Ti wires compact) was designed. Characters of the shrinkage rates during sintering process and microstructures of products fabricated by the spark plasma sintering(SPS) and hot-press sintering were investigated. The experimental results reveal that a higher temperature field is formed at the connected area and conductive net of the compact. These high-temperature parts deformed more easily than other parts, which is believed to be the main cause of SPS fast densification, according to a hard-core and soft-hell material model.展开更多
Highly textured dense Ca3-xYxCo4 O9+δ(0≤x≤0.3)samples were fabricated by combining sol-gel process with spark plasma sintering(SPS).Y^3+substitution for Ca^2+simultaneously increased the Seebeck coefficient and red...Highly textured dense Ca3-xYxCo4 O9+δ(0≤x≤0.3)samples were fabricated by combining sol-gel process with spark plasma sintering(SPS).Y^3+substitution for Ca^2+simultaneously increased the Seebeck coefficient and reduced the thermal conductivity.The latter was attributed to the increase in lattice anharmonicity,structural distortion,and grain boundary area,which enhanced the phonon scattering.Ca2.7Y0.3Co4 O9+δshowed the largest dimensionless figure-of-merit(ZT=0.194)at 1073 K because it had the largest Seebeck coefficient and the lowest thermal conductivity.This ZT value was 55%larger than that of undoped Ca3 Co4 O9(0.125 at 1073 K).Therefore,Y^3+substitution,sol-gel powder synthesis,and SPS are highly effective for enhancing the thermoelectric prope rties of Ca_(3)Co_(4)O_(9).展开更多
Spark作为通用的计算引擎,以其简单、快速、可扩展的优势,被广泛地应用于大数据的处理和分析中.然而,Spark默认采用哈希分区或范围分区对数据进行划分,导致其在处理键倾斜分布的数据时,常常出现各分区数据量严重不均衡的问题.诸多优化...Spark作为通用的计算引擎,以其简单、快速、可扩展的优势,被广泛地应用于大数据的处理和分析中.然而,Spark默认采用哈希分区或范围分区对数据进行划分,导致其在处理键倾斜分布的数据时,常常出现各分区数据量严重不均衡的问题.诸多优化方法被提出,如迁移分区、贪心分区、反馈分区等,但往往存在数据传输量大、额外计算成本高、运行时间长等问题.为更好地缓解键倾斜分布问题带来的影响,本文提出了一种自适应的Spark数据均衡分区方法.该方法引入了奖惩思想对数据分区过程进行适当调控,同时对于数据量较大的键进行分割,使得各个分区的数据量相对均衡.该方法首先对数据采样并预估键权重.其次,按照键权重对样本数据降序排列,确保所有分区都有初始数据.再次,根据奖惩分配策略,自适应地更新各个分区的分配概率,并将待分配的键指向分配概率最高的分区.对于超过分区容量的键的数据,则分割为多个部分且指向不同分区.在所有样本数据分配完成后,获得自适应分区方案.在实际分区时,对于样本中出现的键对应的数据按照自适应分区方案进行分配;对于未出现的键对应的数据,则按照哈希方法进行分区.最后,通过实验验证,基于新方法设计的自适应均衡分区器(Adaptive Data Balanced Partitioner,ADBP)能够有效缓解键倾斜的负面影响.在真实数据集上,ADBP的WordCount程序总运行时间比自带分区器Hash、Range分别平均缩短了1.51%、29.90%,比现有基于学习自动机的自适应哈希分区器(Learning Automata Hash Partitioner,LAHP)、对倾斜的中间数据块进行拆分合并(Splitting and Combination algorithm for skew Intermediate Data block,SCID)算法、粗粒度放置和细粒度放置(Fined-Coarse Grained Intermediate Data Placement,FCGIDP)算法分别平均缩短了8.12%、21.64%、19.62%.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD1700801-3)Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Prevention Control and Resource Reuse(No.2023SSY02061)support of the projects and research platform support provided by the laboratory.
文摘Single-atom catalysts(SACs)are among the most cutting-edge catalysts in the multiphase catalysis track due to their unique geometrical and electronic properties,the highest atom utilization efficiency,and uniform active sites.SACs have been facing an unresolved problem in practical applications:the opposing contradiction of activity-stability.The successful development of single-atom nano-islands(SANIs)cleverly combines the ultra-high atom utilization efficiency of SACs with the confinement effect and structural stability of nano-island structures,realizing the“moving but not aggregation”of SACs,which fundamentally solves this inherent contradiction.Although research on the precise loading of single atoms on nano-islands continues to advance,existing reviews have not yet established a closed-loop cognitive framework encompassing“models-synthesis-high stability mechanisms-high activity essence-applications.”This work fills this critical gap by systematically integrating the basic conceptual models and cutting-edge synthesis strategies of SANIs,focusing on revealing the underlying mechanisms by which SANIs overcome the stability bottleneck of SACs,elucidating the role of nano-islands and their synergistic mechanisms to clarify the high activity essence,and establishing the structure-activity relationship between atomic confinement effects and macroscopic performance,ultimately achieving breakthrough validation across catalytic systems.This review aims to open new perspectives,drive a paradigm shift in understanding the multi-dimensional advantages of SANIs,and thereby spur breakthrough progress in this frontier field.
文摘This study investigated enhancing the wear resistance of Ti6Al4V alloys for medical applications by incorporating Ti C nanoreinforcements using advanced spark plasma sintering(SPS). The addition of up to 2.5wt% Ti C significantly improved the mechanical properties, including a notable 18.2% increase in hardness(HV 332). Fretting wear tests against 316L stainless steel(SS316L) balls demonstrated a 20wt%–22wt% reduction in wear volume in the Ti6Al4V/Ti C composites compared with the monolithic alloy. Microstructural analysis revealed that Ti C reinforcement controlled the grain orientation and reduced the β-phase content, which contributed to enhanced mechanical properties. The monolithic alloy exhibited a Widmanstätten lamellar microstructure, while increasing the Ti C content modified the wear mechanisms from ploughing and adhesion(0–0.5wt%) to pitting and abrasion(1wt%–2.5wt%). At higher reinforcement levels, the formation of a robust oxide layer through tribo-oxide treatment effectively reduced the wear volume by minimizing the abrasive effects and plastic deformation. This study highlights the potential of SPS-mediated Ti C reinforcement as a transformative approach for improving the performance of Ti6Al4V alloys, paving the way for advanced medical applications.
基金supported by ZTE Industry-Academia-Research Cooperationthe National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2017YFB1002104+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.U1836206,U1811461,and 61773361the Project of Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS under Grant No.2017146
文摘With the increasingly fierce competition among communication operators,it is more and more important to make an accurate prediction of potential off grid users.To solve the above problem,it is inevitable to consider the effectiveness of learning algo rithms,the efficiency of data processing,and other factors.Therefore,in this paper,we,from the practical application point of view,propose a potential customer off grid predic tion system based on Spark,including data pre processing,feature selection,model build ing,and effective display.Furthermore,in the research of off grid system,we use the Spark parallel framework to improve the gcForest algorithm which is a novel decision tree ensemble approach.The new parallel gcForest algorithm can be used to solve practical problems,such as the off grid prediction problem.Experiments on two real world datasets demonstrate that the proposed prediction system can handle large scale data for the off grid user prediction problem and the proposed parallel gcForest can achieve satisfying per formance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50572080)
文摘A ternary-layered carbide Ti2AlC material could be synthesized by spark plasma sintering（SPS） technology using elemental powder mixture of Ti, Al and active carbon. By means of XRD and SEM, phases were identified and microscopically evaluated. The experimental results show that the main phase in the product was fully crystallized Ti2AlC with small particle size when sintered at 1200℃. The synthesis temperature of SPS was 200-400℃ lower than that of hot pressing （HP） or hot isostatic pressing （HIP）. Through thermodynamics calculations, the mechanism of Ti2AlC was studied by calculating changes of Gibbs free energy of reactions.
基金Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC) in the UK(Grant No.GR/M97909/01(P))
文摘A two-tracer PLIF system was developed to measure fuel stratification in cylinder of a spark ignition engine which is achieved by producing a strong tumbling flow and introducing two fuels through two separate intake ports.Two tracers,3-pentanone and N,N-dimethylaniline(DMA),were doped in two fuels,hexane and iso-octane,respectively.A spectroscopic test result showed that when subject to irradiation by a XeCl Excimer laser(308 nm),3-pentanone and DMA emit fluorescence within different wavelength regions.Their fluorescence can be separated by two band-pass optical filters and recorded into a single intensified CCD camera through a specially designed image doubling system.The advantage of the measurement method is that both fuel distributions in cylinder can be visualized by one shot.Measurement results showed that two fuels were well stratified in the cylinder.
文摘In order to unclose the dynamics of SPS densification, a special sintering sample (Cu/Ti wires compact) was designed. Characters of the shrinkage rates during sintering process and microstructures of products fabricated by the spark plasma sintering(SPS) and hot-press sintering were investigated. The experimental results reveal that a higher temperature field is formed at the connected area and conductive net of the compact. These high-temperature parts deformed more easily than other parts, which is believed to be the main cause of SPS fast densification, according to a hard-core and soft-hell material model.
基金This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2017R1D1A1B03031196)。
文摘Highly textured dense Ca3-xYxCo4 O9+δ(0≤x≤0.3)samples were fabricated by combining sol-gel process with spark plasma sintering(SPS).Y^3+substitution for Ca^2+simultaneously increased the Seebeck coefficient and reduced the thermal conductivity.The latter was attributed to the increase in lattice anharmonicity,structural distortion,and grain boundary area,which enhanced the phonon scattering.Ca2.7Y0.3Co4 O9+δshowed the largest dimensionless figure-of-merit(ZT=0.194)at 1073 K because it had the largest Seebeck coefficient and the lowest thermal conductivity.This ZT value was 55%larger than that of undoped Ca3 Co4 O9(0.125 at 1073 K).Therefore,Y^3+substitution,sol-gel powder synthesis,and SPS are highly effective for enhancing the thermoelectric prope rties of Ca_(3)Co_(4)O_(9).
文摘Spark作为通用的计算引擎,以其简单、快速、可扩展的优势,被广泛地应用于大数据的处理和分析中.然而,Spark默认采用哈希分区或范围分区对数据进行划分,导致其在处理键倾斜分布的数据时,常常出现各分区数据量严重不均衡的问题.诸多优化方法被提出,如迁移分区、贪心分区、反馈分区等,但往往存在数据传输量大、额外计算成本高、运行时间长等问题.为更好地缓解键倾斜分布问题带来的影响,本文提出了一种自适应的Spark数据均衡分区方法.该方法引入了奖惩思想对数据分区过程进行适当调控,同时对于数据量较大的键进行分割,使得各个分区的数据量相对均衡.该方法首先对数据采样并预估键权重.其次,按照键权重对样本数据降序排列,确保所有分区都有初始数据.再次,根据奖惩分配策略,自适应地更新各个分区的分配概率,并将待分配的键指向分配概率最高的分区.对于超过分区容量的键的数据,则分割为多个部分且指向不同分区.在所有样本数据分配完成后,获得自适应分区方案.在实际分区时,对于样本中出现的键对应的数据按照自适应分区方案进行分配;对于未出现的键对应的数据,则按照哈希方法进行分区.最后,通过实验验证,基于新方法设计的自适应均衡分区器(Adaptive Data Balanced Partitioner,ADBP)能够有效缓解键倾斜的负面影响.在真实数据集上,ADBP的WordCount程序总运行时间比自带分区器Hash、Range分别平均缩短了1.51%、29.90%,比现有基于学习自动机的自适应哈希分区器(Learning Automata Hash Partitioner,LAHP)、对倾斜的中间数据块进行拆分合并(Splitting and Combination algorithm for skew Intermediate Data block,SCID)算法、粗粒度放置和细粒度放置(Fined-Coarse Grained Intermediate Data Placement,FCGIDP)算法分别平均缩短了8.12%、21.64%、19.62%.
