Hangjiao Huangshuai is a processing type yellow pepper F1 hybrid cultivar bred with the inbred line 032-1-2-1-1-H-H bred through space treatment as the female parent and 082-1-1-H-H free of space treatment as the male...Hangjiao Huangshuai is a processing type yellow pepper F1 hybrid cultivar bred with the inbred line 032-1-2-1-1-H-H bred through space treatment as the female parent and 082-1-1-H-H free of space treatment as the male parent. The fruit is in the shape of long finger with few wrinkles and good gloss, and tastes very spicy .The fruit has a vertical diameter of 17.5 cm, a transverse diameter of 1.6 cm, a fresh thickness of 0,20 cm and a single fruit weight of 15.6 g. It is yellowishgreen in the early maturation stage and yellow in the late maturation stage. The cultivar exhibited high resistance to pepper blight, viral diseases and powdery mildew, and showed an average yield of 56 493,0 kg/hm^2. It could be generalized in Gansu, Ningxia, Liaoning and Zhejiang.展开更多
In this paper, we studied the morphological, histological and photosynthetic characteristics of the stably inherited sunflower petal-sepal mutant, and it was obtained by the space radiation-induced mutagenesis. Afterw...In this paper, we studied the morphological, histological and photosynthetic characteristics of the stably inherited sunflower petal-sepal mutant, and it was obtained by the space radiation-induced mutagenesis. Afterwards, we got following results: 1) The morphological characteristics represented that the inflorescence of petal-sepal mutant maintained the appearance and structure of capitulum, whereas no explicit tubular flower or ligulate flower was differentiated. 2) The histological characteristics revealed that the petal-sepal mutant only completed the inflorescence development and the differentiation of sepal primordia and inflorescence primordia, without entering the differentiation stage of tubular flower primordia, ligulate flower primordia, stamen primordia or pistil primordia. 3) The photosynthetic characteristics showed that the photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance of petal-sepal mutant were relatively weaker than the control plants. In the end, we concluded that the petal-sepal mutant of sunflower had only inflorescence differentiation, while several mutant genes were caused by radiation-induced mutation, which entered an infinitely recurrent development process rather than the floral differentiation stage. We also observed a few chloroplast structures in the paraffin section, combined with the results of photosynthetic characteristics of petal-sepal mutant, and then we believed that the inflorescence of petal-sepal mutant was involved in photosynthesis to accumulate energy for plant growth.展开更多
To understand the resistance inheritance basis of space-induced rice lines to blast, and to probe mutants＇ genomic DNA polymorphism compared with ground control by microsatellite markers, three space-induced lines we...To understand the resistance inheritance basis of space-induced rice lines to blast, and to probe mutants＇ genomic DNA polymorphism compared with ground control by microsatellite markers, three space-induced lines were crossed with a highly susceptible variety LTH, and their F1 and F2 populations were inoculated by two representative blast isolates with broad pathogenicity to analyze their resistance inheritance basis. Meanwhile three mutant lines and the ground control were analyzed by 225 rice SSR （simple sequence repeat） primer pairs selected throughout the 12 chromosomes of whole rice genome, to scan the mutagenesis in genome of the mutant lines. The results indicated the blast-resistant genes harbored in these mutant lines were dominant. It was demonstrated that the resistance of mutant H1 to isolate GD0193 and GD3286 was controlled by a single gene, respectively; while mutants H2 and H3 were controlled by two pairs of major genes against isolate GD3286 and H2 showed complicated genetic mechanism to isolate GD0193. H3＇s resistance to isolate GD0193 was verified to be controlled by a single gene. According to the results of SSR analysis, three mutant lines showed different mutant rates as compared with the ground control, and the mutant rates also varied. Resistance genes can be induced from rice by space mutation, and different genomic variations were detected in blast-resistant lines.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of space mutation on the activities of protective enzymes in different strains of Cichorium intybus L. and provide theoretical basis for screening drought-tolera...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of space mutation on the activities of protective enzymes in different strains of Cichorium intybus L. and provide theoretical basis for screening drought-tolerant plants in southern karst area. [Method] C. intybus seeds were sent into outer space by ＇Shijian No.8＇ seed- breeding satellite. The new strains and original variety of C. intybus L. were used as experimental materials to determine the activities of catalase （CAT）, peroxidase （POD）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and malondialdehyde （MDA） content. [Result] The results showed that MDA content in PA-82, Puna chicory and PA-43 increased gradually with the increase of water stress duration, which was enhanced by 0.575, 0.72 and 0.844 μmol/g respectively at 12 days. In addition, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT increased rapidly; at 9 days, the activities of SOD in PA-82, Puna chicory and PA-43 were enhanced by 878.9, 809.2 and 711.1 U/g, with the increas- ing range of 139.1%, 136.7% and 121.1%, respectively; the activities of POD were enhanced by 4 397, 3 754 and 2 767 U/（g ·min）, with the increasing range of 265.84%, 257.65% and 204.06%, respectively; the activities of CAT were enhanced by 402.1, 277.1 and 170.9 KU/L, with the increasing range of 73.08%, 39.69% and 26.20%, respectively; subsequently, the activities of these three protective enzymes were reduced significantly; at 12 days, the activities of SOD in PA-82, Puna chicory and PA-43 were reduced to 1206.5, 1144.7 and 1108.6 U/g, respectively; the activi- ties of POD were reduced to 3 145, 2 876 and 2 753 U/（g·min） , respectively; the activities of CAT were reduced to 587.2, 698.1 and 584.1 KU/L, respectively. [Con- clusion] According to the results of comprehensive evaluation, drought resistance in three C. intybus varieties exhibited a descending order of PA-82 〉 Puna chicory 〉 PA-43.展开更多
The experiment was conducted to study the mutagenic effects of space environment on seedling growth in M1 generation and plant height and heading date in M2 generation in rice. Two types of lines of growth promotion ...The experiment was conducted to study the mutagenic effects of space environment on seedling growth in M1 generation and plant height and heading date in M2 generation in rice. Two types of lines of growth promotion （GP） and growth suppression （GS） were selected from the recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross between a sensitive japonica Lemont and a nonsensitive indica Teqing to compare the mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date in the M2 generation. Space environment resulted in 34.9% higher seedling height （SH） in the GP group than in the control, and 39.1% lower in the GS group than in the control, and there was no difference in seed fertility （SF） between the two groups. In M2, mutants of plant height and heading date can be induced by space treatment in both the two groups with lower mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency in the GP group than in the GS group. There were no significant differences in the physiological damages in M1 between the two groups after γ-rays irradiation treatment. Mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency of heading date in M2 were higher in the GS group than in the GP group, and the opposite was true for mutagenic efficiency of plant height although the mutation frequency varied between the two groups. The mutation frequencies of plant height and heading date induced by space environment were obviously lower than those by γ-rays irradiation, but the mutagenic efficiency was the opposite for most of the traits. For the GP and GS of seedlings induced by space environment, the GS had higher mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date than the GP in M2.展开更多
To study the space mutagenic effects on molecular level in sorghum,6 variant pro-penies(SP10-11,SP11-11,SP13-15,SP14-9,SP1421,SP20-2)of a large-ear mutant,selected from the induced generation devied from Tanghui 28 af...To study the space mutagenic effects on molecular level in sorghum,6 variant pro-penies(SP10-11,SP11-11,SP13-15,SP14-9,SP1421,SP20-2)of a large-ear mutant,selected from the induced generation devied from Tanghui 28 after space treatment carried by recover-able satellite in 1996,were analyzed by RAPD and elecfrophoretic technique of isozymes,Electrophoretic zymograms of esterase isozyme showed 1~8 different bands among 6 variant propenies and its confrol,respectively.There were 1~5 different bands in zymogram of eyto-chrome oxidase isozyme among different propenies and its control.By comparing RAPD differences among mutagenic propenics and its control,it is indicated that the genetic varia tion of the propenies is very high at its genomic DNA level.展开更多
THIS past June, the spacecraft Shenzhou-9 made international headlines because its crew included the first Chinese woman astronaut to reach space. But the mission was not just about who was on board. Joining the astro...THIS past June, the spacecraft Shenzhou-9 made international headlines because its crew included the first Chinese woman astronaut to reach space. But the mission was not just about who was on board. Joining the astronauts in orbit wasa series of innocuous looking bags. Inside the bags were seeds, primed to mutate and representing the final frontier of another major Chinese accomplishment： space breeding展开更多
This study evaluated the growth and probiotic properties of Probio-M9 after exposure to the environment of space.Probio-M9 has excellent probiotic properties.As a rapidly developed new cutting-edge technology,space mu...This study evaluated the growth and probiotic properties of Probio-M9 after exposure to the environment of space.Probio-M9 has excellent probiotic properties.As a rapidly developed new cutting-edge technology,space mutagenesis can confer potentially desirable properties to novel isolates.In this study,three novel isolates(HA-R7970-29,HG-R7970-18,HG-R7970-29)mutated from Probio-M9 in space,had significantly higher growth characteristics than the original Probio-M9.Antibacterial properties,auto aggregation ability,cell surface hydrophobicity and antioxidant activity of the three mutagenic isolates were evaluated.The results showed that Probio-M9 remained stable after mutagenesis,and the mutant strains could effectively inhibit the growth of six common pathogenic bacteria.The mutated isolates showed strong auto aggregation ability(49.3%-76.5%,24h)and cell surface hydrophobicity(25.7%-43.0%);HA-R7970-29 showed significantly higher auto aggregation ability and cell surface hydrophobicity than HG-R7970-18 and HG-R7970-29(P<0.05).In addition,the supernatants and bacterial suspensions of the three mutated isolates had strong antioxidant activities.Genomic analysis identified genes associated with bacteriocin,adhesion properties and antioxidant activity and probiotic features at the genetic level.Mutated isolates not only had good growth characteristics but also exhibited excellent probiotic properties indicating their potential as probiotics.展开更多
基金Supported by the Program of Gansu Province Aerospace Engineering Biology Breeding Key Laboratory(139RTSE033)~~
文摘Hangjiao Huangshuai is a processing type yellow pepper F1 hybrid cultivar bred with the inbred line 032-1-2-1-1-H-H bred through space treatment as the female parent and 082-1-1-H-H free of space treatment as the male parent. The fruit is in the shape of long finger with few wrinkles and good gloss, and tastes very spicy .The fruit has a vertical diameter of 17.5 cm, a transverse diameter of 1.6 cm, a fresh thickness of 0,20 cm and a single fruit weight of 15.6 g. It is yellowishgreen in the early maturation stage and yellow in the late maturation stage. The cultivar exhibited high resistance to pepper blight, viral diseases and powdery mildew, and showed an average yield of 56 493,0 kg/hm^2. It could be generalized in Gansu, Ningxia, Liaoning and Zhejiang.
文摘In this paper, we studied the morphological, histological and photosynthetic characteristics of the stably inherited sunflower petal-sepal mutant, and it was obtained by the space radiation-induced mutagenesis. Afterwards, we got following results: 1) The morphological characteristics represented that the inflorescence of petal-sepal mutant maintained the appearance and structure of capitulum, whereas no explicit tubular flower or ligulate flower was differentiated. 2) The histological characteristics revealed that the petal-sepal mutant only completed the inflorescence development and the differentiation of sepal primordia and inflorescence primordia, without entering the differentiation stage of tubular flower primordia, ligulate flower primordia, stamen primordia or pistil primordia. 3) The photosynthetic characteristics showed that the photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance of petal-sepal mutant were relatively weaker than the control plants. In the end, we concluded that the petal-sepal mutant of sunflower had only inflorescence differentiation, while several mutant genes were caused by radiation-induced mutation, which entered an infinitely recurrent development process rather than the floral differentiation stage. We also observed a few chloroplast structures in the paraffin section, combined with the results of photosynthetic characteristics of petal-sepal mutant, and then we believed that the inflorescence of petal-sepal mutant was involved in photosynthesis to accumulate energy for plant growth.
基金supported by the National 863 Program of China (2002AA2410111)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China (031994)the Special Project of Key Science and Technology of Guangdong Province,China (2004A20107001)
文摘To understand the resistance inheritance basis of space-induced rice lines to blast, and to probe mutants＇ genomic DNA polymorphism compared with ground control by microsatellite markers, three space-induced lines were crossed with a highly susceptible variety LTH, and their F1 and F2 populations were inoculated by two representative blast isolates with broad pathogenicity to analyze their resistance inheritance basis. Meanwhile three mutant lines and the ground control were analyzed by 225 rice SSR （simple sequence repeat） primer pairs selected throughout the 12 chromosomes of whole rice genome, to scan the mutagenesis in genome of the mutant lines. The results indicated the blast-resistant genes harbored in these mutant lines were dominant. It was demonstrated that the resistance of mutant H1 to isolate GD0193 and GD3286 was controlled by a single gene, respectively; while mutants H2 and H3 were controlled by two pairs of major genes against isolate GD3286 and H2 showed complicated genetic mechanism to isolate GD0193. H3＇s resistance to isolate GD0193 was verified to be controlled by a single gene. According to the results of SSR analysis, three mutant lines showed different mutant rates as compared with the ground control, and the mutant rates also varied. Resistance genes can be induced from rice by space mutation, and different genomic variations were detected in blast-resistant lines.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Fund of Guizhou Province(QKHJZ[2011]2165)Key Project of Agricultural Science and Technology of Guizhou Province(QKHNYZ[2009]3083,QKHNYZ[2012]3049)Special Breeding Fund of Guizhou Province(QNYZZ[2011]036)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of space mutation on the activities of protective enzymes in different strains of Cichorium intybus L. and provide theoretical basis for screening drought-tolerant plants in southern karst area. [Method] C. intybus seeds were sent into outer space by ＇Shijian No.8＇ seed- breeding satellite. The new strains and original variety of C. intybus L. were used as experimental materials to determine the activities of catalase （CAT）, peroxidase （POD）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and malondialdehyde （MDA） content. [Result] The results showed that MDA content in PA-82, Puna chicory and PA-43 increased gradually with the increase of water stress duration, which was enhanced by 0.575, 0.72 and 0.844 μmol/g respectively at 12 days. In addition, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT increased rapidly; at 9 days, the activities of SOD in PA-82, Puna chicory and PA-43 were enhanced by 878.9, 809.2 and 711.1 U/g, with the increas- ing range of 139.1%, 136.7% and 121.1%, respectively; the activities of POD were enhanced by 4 397, 3 754 and 2 767 U/（g ·min）, with the increasing range of 265.84%, 257.65% and 204.06%, respectively; the activities of CAT were enhanced by 402.1, 277.1 and 170.9 KU/L, with the increasing range of 73.08%, 39.69% and 26.20%, respectively; subsequently, the activities of these three protective enzymes were reduced significantly; at 12 days, the activities of SOD in PA-82, Puna chicory and PA-43 were reduced to 1206.5, 1144.7 and 1108.6 U/g, respectively; the activi- ties of POD were reduced to 3 145, 2 876 and 2 753 U/（g·min） , respectively; the activities of CAT were reduced to 587.2, 698.1 and 584.1 KU/L, respectively. [Con- clusion] According to the results of comprehensive evaluation, drought resistance in three C. intybus varieties exhibited a descending order of PA-82 〉 Puna chicory 〉 PA-43.
文摘The experiment was conducted to study the mutagenic effects of space environment on seedling growth in M1 generation and plant height and heading date in M2 generation in rice. Two types of lines of growth promotion （GP） and growth suppression （GS） were selected from the recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross between a sensitive japonica Lemont and a nonsensitive indica Teqing to compare the mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date in the M2 generation. Space environment resulted in 34.9% higher seedling height （SH） in the GP group than in the control, and 39.1% lower in the GS group than in the control, and there was no difference in seed fertility （SF） between the two groups. In M2, mutants of plant height and heading date can be induced by space treatment in both the two groups with lower mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency in the GP group than in the GS group. There were no significant differences in the physiological damages in M1 between the two groups after γ-rays irradiation treatment. Mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency of heading date in M2 were higher in the GS group than in the GP group, and the opposite was true for mutagenic efficiency of plant height although the mutation frequency varied between the two groups. The mutation frequencies of plant height and heading date induced by space environment were obviously lower than those by γ-rays irradiation, but the mutagenic efficiency was the opposite for most of the traits. For the GP and GS of seedlings induced by space environment, the GS had higher mutation frequency and mutagenic efficiency for plant height and heading date than the GP in M2.
基金The project was supported by the plan of Research and Development of Science and Technology of Hebei Province
文摘To study the space mutagenic effects on molecular level in sorghum,6 variant pro-penies(SP10-11,SP11-11,SP13-15,SP14-9,SP1421,SP20-2)of a large-ear mutant,selected from the induced generation devied from Tanghui 28 after space treatment carried by recover-able satellite in 1996,were analyzed by RAPD and elecfrophoretic technique of isozymes,Electrophoretic zymograms of esterase isozyme showed 1~8 different bands among 6 variant propenies and its confrol,respectively.There were 1~5 different bands in zymogram of eyto-chrome oxidase isozyme among different propenies and its control.By comparing RAPD differences among mutagenic propenics and its control,it is indicated that the genetic varia tion of the propenies is very high at its genomic DNA level.
文摘THIS past June, the spacecraft Shenzhou-9 made international headlines because its crew included the first Chinese woman astronaut to reach space. But the mission was not just about who was on board. Joining the astronauts in orbit wasa series of innocuous looking bags. Inside the bags were seeds, primed to mutate and representing the final frontier of another major Chinese accomplishment： space breeding
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972095)Science and Technology Project of College of Food Science of Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(SPKJ202007)+1 种基金Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Project(2021GG0080)Program for improving the Scientific Research Ability of Youth Teachers of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University.
文摘This study evaluated the growth and probiotic properties of Probio-M9 after exposure to the environment of space.Probio-M9 has excellent probiotic properties.As a rapidly developed new cutting-edge technology,space mutagenesis can confer potentially desirable properties to novel isolates.In this study,three novel isolates(HA-R7970-29,HG-R7970-18,HG-R7970-29)mutated from Probio-M9 in space,had significantly higher growth characteristics than the original Probio-M9.Antibacterial properties,auto aggregation ability,cell surface hydrophobicity and antioxidant activity of the three mutagenic isolates were evaluated.The results showed that Probio-M9 remained stable after mutagenesis,and the mutant strains could effectively inhibit the growth of six common pathogenic bacteria.The mutated isolates showed strong auto aggregation ability(49.3%-76.5%,24h)and cell surface hydrophobicity(25.7%-43.0%);HA-R7970-29 showed significantly higher auto aggregation ability and cell surface hydrophobicity than HG-R7970-18 and HG-R7970-29(P<0.05).In addition,the supernatants and bacterial suspensions of the three mutated isolates had strong antioxidant activities.Genomic analysis identified genes associated with bacteriocin,adhesion properties and antioxidant activity and probiotic features at the genetic level.Mutated isolates not only had good growth characteristics but also exhibited excellent probiotic properties indicating their potential as probiotics.
