Soundscape is critical in shaping tourists’experiences and perceptions of the acoustic environment of a park.Creating a well-perceived soundscape is an important factor in enhancing the quality of scenic spots and im...Soundscape is critical in shaping tourists’experiences and perceptions of the acoustic environment of a park.Creating a well-perceived soundscape is an important factor in enhancing the quality of scenic spots and improving visitor satisfaction in parks.This study selected Park 1903 and Xishan Forest Park as examples of urban parks and forest parks to analyze variations in sound levels and sound source types in two different types of parks.Then,a structural equation model was constructed to unveil the correlation between soundscape perception and visitor satisfaction.The results showed that sound source perception was relatively lower in Park 1903 than in Xishan Forest Park,where natural sounds were more popular among tourists.Further,the perceived occurrence of sounds was higher in Park 1903 than in Xishan Forest Park.The sound level in Park 1903 slightly exceeded the noise limit(55 dB(A))for Class 1 acoustic environment functional areas,as per the Environmental Quality Standard for Noise(GB 3096-2008),while the sound level in Xishan Forest Park complied with this standard.In Park 1903,soundscape pleasantness improved with increasing degrees of dominance of artificial sounds.Moreover,soundscape pleasantness and richness in both parks had a positive effect on visitor soundscape satisfaction.Furthermore,gender and education level were the most influential factors for soundscape perception in Park 1903 and Xishan Forest Park,respectively.However,age and place of residence were not correlated with soundscape perception in Xishan Forest Park.In conclusion,the variations in sound sources and visitor characteristics remarkably affected visitor soundscape perception in different types of parks.The findings provide valuable insights and a theoretical basis for designing soundscapes and improving park visitor satisfaction.展开更多
In high-density urban areas,mountain park soundscapes vary considerably due to road layout,terrain,and human activity.This study analyzed spatial soundscape variation across three central Dalian parks using sound pres...In high-density urban areas,mountain park soundscapes vary considerably due to road layout,terrain,and human activity.This study analyzed spatial soundscape variation across three central Dalian parks using sound pressure level(SPL)measurements,binaural recordings,and panoramic images from 17 points.These were used to create virtual reality experiences for 32 participants,generating 544 evaluations of the perceived dominance of sound sources,Pleasantness(PISO),and Eventfulness(EISO)across high(>55 dBA),medium(45–55 dBA),and low(<45 dBA)SPL zones.An XGBoost classification model identified soundscape characteristics per zone,and stepwise regression revealed how SPL alters the strength and direction of the relationship between dominant sound and PISO.Results showed a clear vertical SPL distribution with distinct soundscape profiles:High SPL zone was concentrated at the mountain base,characterized by dominant traffic noise,high EISO and low PISO.Meanwhile,Low SPL zone,found primarily in mid-mountain areas,offered high PISO due to minimal traffic noise perception.Medium SPL zone,located at the summit and other mid-mountain,was distinguished by prominent human sounds and achieved high PISO.Crucially,the influence of human sounds on PISO was context-dependent:human sounds enhanced PISO at the noisy base but detracted from it in the tranquil mid-mountain and summit.These results underscore the need for tailored,location-specific soundscape optimization strategies and provide a theoretical framework for planning and managing urban mountain parks.展开更多
基金The Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department of Science and Technology Programs Agricultural Joint Special Project(202301BD070001–244)The Yunnan Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Program for Popularization of Science(SKPJ2023028)。
文摘Soundscape is critical in shaping tourists’experiences and perceptions of the acoustic environment of a park.Creating a well-perceived soundscape is an important factor in enhancing the quality of scenic spots and improving visitor satisfaction in parks.This study selected Park 1903 and Xishan Forest Park as examples of urban parks and forest parks to analyze variations in sound levels and sound source types in two different types of parks.Then,a structural equation model was constructed to unveil the correlation between soundscape perception and visitor satisfaction.The results showed that sound source perception was relatively lower in Park 1903 than in Xishan Forest Park,where natural sounds were more popular among tourists.Further,the perceived occurrence of sounds was higher in Park 1903 than in Xishan Forest Park.The sound level in Park 1903 slightly exceeded the noise limit(55 dB(A))for Class 1 acoustic environment functional areas,as per the Environmental Quality Standard for Noise(GB 3096-2008),while the sound level in Xishan Forest Park complied with this standard.In Park 1903,soundscape pleasantness improved with increasing degrees of dominance of artificial sounds.Moreover,soundscape pleasantness and richness in both parks had a positive effect on visitor soundscape satisfaction.Furthermore,gender and education level were the most influential factors for soundscape perception in Park 1903 and Xishan Forest Park,respectively.However,age and place of residence were not correlated with soundscape perception in Xishan Forest Park.In conclusion,the variations in sound sources and visitor characteristics remarkably affected visitor soundscape perception in different types of parks.The findings provide valuable insights and a theoretical basis for designing soundscapes and improving park visitor satisfaction.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFC3809203 under 2024YFC3809200)the Social Sciences Planning Fund Project of Liaoning Province(grant number L24AGL006)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)[grant numbers 52278092]a Cyrus Tang Foundation Inclusive Urban Planning and Research Scholarship(Tongji University)[grant number 2022009].
文摘In high-density urban areas,mountain park soundscapes vary considerably due to road layout,terrain,and human activity.This study analyzed spatial soundscape variation across three central Dalian parks using sound pressure level(SPL)measurements,binaural recordings,and panoramic images from 17 points.These were used to create virtual reality experiences for 32 participants,generating 544 evaluations of the perceived dominance of sound sources,Pleasantness(PISO),and Eventfulness(EISO)across high(>55 dBA),medium(45–55 dBA),and low(<45 dBA)SPL zones.An XGBoost classification model identified soundscape characteristics per zone,and stepwise regression revealed how SPL alters the strength and direction of the relationship between dominant sound and PISO.Results showed a clear vertical SPL distribution with distinct soundscape profiles:High SPL zone was concentrated at the mountain base,characterized by dominant traffic noise,high EISO and low PISO.Meanwhile,Low SPL zone,found primarily in mid-mountain areas,offered high PISO due to minimal traffic noise perception.Medium SPL zone,located at the summit and other mid-mountain,was distinguished by prominent human sounds and achieved high PISO.Crucially,the influence of human sounds on PISO was context-dependent:human sounds enhanced PISO at the noisy base but detracted from it in the tranquil mid-mountain and summit.These results underscore the need for tailored,location-specific soundscape optimization strategies and provide a theoretical framework for planning and managing urban mountain parks.
