Snowdrops is a tale of an Englishman abroad. Nick is a thirty-something lawyer working in Moscow to broker huge deals between banks, oil companies and property developers. His project on a major loan to a subsidiary o...Snowdrops is a tale of an Englishman abroad. Nick is a thirty-something lawyer working in Moscow to broker huge deals between banks, oil companies and property developers. His project on a major loan to a subsidiary of an energy company is underway, and meanwhile, he comes across an enchanting girl, Masha and soon becomes involved with Masha's world, psychologically. This thesis tries to analyze the tension of the conflict between the corrupted native and the nave foreigner, and the sophisticated disposition of the narrator and the other innocent part. And thorough analyzing the tension reflected from other characters, the reason for Nick's tragedy is revealed.展开更多
Hot Working Technology SHMP is a production center of heavy duty castings and forgings in east region of China. Since the establishment of the plant in 1950s, through several generations’ exploration, development and...Hot Working Technology SHMP is a production center of heavy duty castings and forgings in east region of China. Since the establishment of the plant in 1950s, through several generations’ exploration, development and innovation, SHMP now has been able to produce main castings and forgings for 300 MW展开更多
Ruth is a figure in the book of Ruth.She is described and taken as a noble and kind,obedient woman in a classical and theological understanding.But just a close reading may discover another aspect of Ruth's charac...Ruth is a figure in the book of Ruth.She is described and taken as a noble and kind,obedient woman in a classical and theological understanding.But just a close reading may discover another aspect of Ruth's character-she is sophisticated as well according to Lacan's Mirror Stage Theory.展开更多
The authors analyzed the current equipment management situation in colleges and universities, and pointed out how to evaluate it by using scientific and sophisticated standard. There exists four main problems which a...The authors analyzed the current equipment management situation in colleges and universities, and pointed out how to evaluate it by using scientific and sophisticated standard. There exists four main problems which are as follows: 1. Management thought is not advanced, and there is short of systematic plan. 2. Technical measures are backward, and work starting point is not high. 3. The level of personnel is low, and the development is restricted. 4. The contents of equipment are not good enough, and the funds of construction are insufficient. This paper gives the proposals on how to construct and develop equipment in colleges and universities in the future and describes the objective of the struggle, the channels to realize this objective, and the three problems to be noticed which are: 1. Adhere to integration of theory with practice. 2. Work in coordination with each other in all aspects. 3. Ensure the scientific decision. The paper also discusses some other specific problems such as management decision making, purchase of equipment, use of equipment, maintenance, modification, renewal of equipment, computerized management, etc..展开更多
This paper investigates the digital upgrading of China’s specialised and sophisticated small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in the context of global supply-chain restructuring and technostrategic competition.Integ...This paper investigates the digital upgrading of China’s specialised and sophisticated small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in the context of global supply-chain restructuring and technostrategic competition.Integrating the resource-based view,dynamic capabilities theory and the technology organisation environment framework,it develops a confgurational model of how technological readiness,organisational capabilities and environmental support jointly shape digitaltransformation outcomes.Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis and illustrative cases,the study identifes three high-performing paths technology-driven,organisation-centred and ecosystem-collaborative and shows that multiple confgurations can lead to successful upgrading.The analysis further highlights the enabling role of industrial internet platforms,data assetisation and digital inclusive fnance in alleviating resource constraints and expanding fnancing channels.Overall,the fndings underscore that the risk of non-transformation now exceeds the transitional risks of digital upgrading for these strategically important frms.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents a new approach to developing interpretable and reliable soft sensors for Industry 5.0 applications.Although sophisticated machine learning methods have made remarkable strides in soft-...Dear Editor,This letter presents a new approach to developing interpretable and reliable soft sensors for Industry 5.0 applications.Although sophisticated machine learning methods have made remarkable strides in soft-sensor predictive accuracy,ensuring interpretability and reliable performance across varying industrial operating conditions remains a challenge[1]–[4].This is precisely what Industry 5.0,proposed by the European Commission in 2021,advocates[5],[6].It integrates various cutting-edge technologies,such as human-machine interaction,digital twins,cybersecurity and artificial intelligence,to facilitate the development of better soft sensors.展开更多
Small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)are key contributors to technological innovation.As China's vanguard for self-reliance and strength in science and technology,specialized,sophisticated,distinctive and novel...Small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)are key contributors to technological innovation.As China's vanguard for self-reliance and strength in science and technology,specialized,sophisticated,distinctive and novel(SSDN)SMEs have grown into an important motivation for high-quality development,a key stabilizer for the new development paradigm,and a vital force for an innovation-driven China.In recent years,China has been ramping up support for SSDN SMEs,and raised the focus on their development to a new level.At present,some problems and obstacles are befalling the high-quality development of SSDN SMEs,such as imperfect innovation system and mechanism,weak basic research service capabilities,a digital divide in digital transformation,and insuficient vitality of collaboration among players in the innovation ecosystem.In the future,China should promote the high-quality development of SSDN SMEs from system and mechanism,basic input,business environment,and digital empowerment.Specifically,China should increase policy support to consolidate the institutional guarantee for innovative development,build more platforms to form a dynamic innovation ecology,enhance intellectual property protection to spur entrepreneurship,and ramp up upgrading and transformation for the quality and efficiency improvement of traditional enterprises.展开更多
Fractional-N phase-locked loops(PLLs)are widely deployed in high-speed communication systems to generate local oscillator(LO)or clock signals with precise frequency.To support sophisticated modulations for increasing ...Fractional-N phase-locked loops(PLLs)are widely deployed in high-speed communication systems to generate local oscillator(LO)or clock signals with precise frequency.To support sophisticated modulations for increasing the data rate,the PLL needs to generate low-jitter output[1].展开更多
This paper employs the entropy method to measure the development level of digital trade across 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2022 and empirically investigates the impact of this digital trade devel...This paper employs the entropy method to measure the development level of digital trade across 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2022 and empirically investigates the impact of this digital trade development on export sophistication and the underlying mechanisms used.The results show that digital trade development significantly enhances export sophistication.Mechanism analysis suggests that this effect is primarily realized through the optimization of industrial structures and the enhancement of technological innovation capabilities.Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of digital trade development on export sophistication varies depending on geographical location,inclusion in urban agglomerations,and coastal status.These findings underscore the importance of comprehensively promoting digital trade development,fostering technological progress and innovation,and continuously upgrading industrial structures to provide new pathways for enhancing export sophistication.展开更多
In an era of increasingly intense global competition and digital transformation,enhancing the innovation capabilities of specialized small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)is a critical strategic objective with respe...In an era of increasingly intense global competition and digital transformation,enhancing the innovation capabilities of specialized small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)is a critical strategic objective with respect to national competitiveness.Although the role of digital infrastructure as a catalyst for innovation has been widely acknowledged,its specific impact on a firm's dual innovation activities,balancing exploratory and exploitative innovation,remains underexplored,particularly with respect to the underlying mechanisms.This study addresses this gap by using data obtained from national“specialized,sophisticated,distinctive and innovative”(SSDI)enterprises in China from 2009–2019 to empirically investigate the impact of digital infrastructure on their innovation outcomes.The findings reveal that digital infrastructure significantly promotes both exploratory and exploitative innovation and that the effect on the former is stronger.A mechanism analysis reveals two distinct pathways through which digital infrastructure operates.First,it alleviates financing constraints by reducing information asymmetry,which broadly increases a firm's overall investment in both innovation types.Second,more critically,it facilitates the attraction of high-skilled talent,a resource that disproportionately enhances the efficiency of complex and uncertain exploratory innovation.This second mechanism explains the stronger effect on exploratory activities observed in this context.This study has significant theoretical and practical implications.Theoretically,it contributes to the ambidextrous innovation literature by demonstrating how an external environmental factor—digital infrastructure—asymmetrically influences a firm's innovation portfolio.Practically,the findings provide actionable guidance for policy-makers,particularly by suggesting that maximizing returns on digital infrastructure investment requires complementary policies aimed at easing SME financing and attracting and retaining talent.展开更多
Barefoot running has been around for millions of years,and it is safe to presume that for most of that time,the practice occasioned little interest.Our ancestors ran barefoot because they had no shoes.When footwear wa...Barefoot running has been around for millions of years,and it is safe to presume that for most of that time,the practice occasioned little interest.Our ancestors ran barefoot because they had no shoes.When footwear was first invented during the last 40,000 years (no doubt at different times and in different places),shoes were by necessity minimal-essentially sandals and moccasins-designed to protect the sole of the foot but lacking any of the sophisticated features and materials present in modem running shoes such as elevated cushioned heels,arch supports,and toe springs.Most of these features were invented in the 1970s,and they quickly became more popular and sophisticated as running underwent a worldwide boom.Today,the vast majority of runners think it is normal to wear cushioned running shoes,and would never dream of running without them.展开更多
Plasticity is a natural property of living organisms that is crucial for adaptation and evolution.Over the last decades,the availability of sophisticated neuroimaging techniques(in particular,functional magnetic reso...Plasticity is a natural property of living organisms that is crucial for adaptation and evolution.Over the last decades,the availability of sophisticated neuroimaging techniques(in particular,functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI),and transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)),has made it possible to explore in vivo the on-line functioning of brain and its plasticity.However,展开更多
The earth is an enormous open system and the gas-releasing phenomenon of the crust is the major means of exchange of matters and energy at different crustal depth.Therefore,a powerful gas-releasing channel is actually...The earth is an enormous open system and the gas-releasing phenomenon of the crust is the major means of exchange of matters and energy at different crustal depth.Therefore,a powerful gas-releasing channel is actually a "window" to understand the subterranean physical and chemical variations as well as stress-strain changes.The releasing places,quantities and ways obtained by systematically observing and recording can reveal the pressure variation and opening state of channels in the crust,and furthermore provide important information for earthquake prediction,tectonic activity and monitoring of volcanic activity.The fracture-gas measurement has been applied widely to earthquake sciences and has played an important role.The authors introduced systematically the application situation and preliminary achievements in China,and pointed out that though this technique is at the beginning stage and not very sophisticated but its capacities for being easy-carrying,fast-operating and inexpensive,makes for a展开更多
As more and more sophisticated medical equipment being purchased by hospi-tals,the selection is becoming an increasingly complex and important process.Usu-ally there are three steps in the selection process: planning,...As more and more sophisticated medical equipment being purchased by hospi-tals,the selection is becoming an increasingly complex and important process.Usu-ally there are three steps in the selection process: planning,feasibility and model se-lection evaluation.Model selection evalution is the most complex stage.The consid-展开更多
The influence of toxicology on legislation is quite clear in countries where chemicals are regulated by the authorities. There is normally a toxicological evaluation—in addition to other considerations—behind sales ...The influence of toxicology on legislation is quite clear in countries where chemicals are regulated by the authorities. There is normally a toxicological evaluation—in addition to other considerations—behind sales and use permissions and the levels that are accepted in food, air, water, etc. How does legislation affect toxicology? If there is no legislation, then clinical and forensic toxicology will be the most used toxicological disciplines (accidents and other cases of poisoning). The more sophisticated and restrictive the legislation becomes, the more toxicology is used not only to permit the use of chemicals but also to ban them. In addition, legislation for the protection of experimental animals has a profound influence in toxicology and accelerates the use of in vitro and other alternative methods. This paper discusses whether countries in the 'developed' world are overdoing it, thereby maybe hampering the essential use of chemicals in the developing countries. 1989 Academic Press, Inc.展开更多
The cover photo shows one of the largest and most sophisticated volcanic centres in the Kamchatka Peninsula.With a long and peculiar evolutionary history,the Ksudach caldera is situated in the southern part of the Eas...The cover photo shows one of the largest and most sophisticated volcanic centres in the Kamchatka Peninsula.With a long and peculiar evolutionary history,the Ksudach caldera is situated in the southern part of the Eastern volcanic belt of Kamchatka in Russia.This volcanic massif comprises two Late Pleistocene calderas,three Holocene calderas,a young post-caldera stratovolcano-Shtyubel cone,and two caldera lakes-Klyuchevoye and Shtyubelya.展开更多
DOZENS of years ago BaiShuxiang’s performance inthe first-ever showing ofSwan Lake on the Chinese stage an-nounced the arrival of ballet inChina.Since then years of trial anderror,setbacks and progress,haveshown that...DOZENS of years ago BaiShuxiang’s performance inthe first-ever showing ofSwan Lake on the Chinese stage an-nounced the arrival of ballet inChina.Since then years of trial anderror,setbacks and progress,haveshown that the borrowed art isflourishing on the Chinese stage.The First“White Swan”The reception accorded to West-ern ballet in China,an ancient coun-try,proves that the Chinese peoplecan include breadth of vision amongtheir many other strong points.展开更多
A semi-empirical spectrum model is proposed to describe the experimental data of the steady shear properties of a Shengli waxy crude oil near its gel point, where sophisticated structural effects become apparent due t...A semi-empirical spectrum model is proposed to describe the experimental data of the steady shear properties of a Shengli waxy crude oil near its gel point, where sophisticated structural effects become apparent due to the existence of waxy crystals in the crude oil. The model, consisting of a time spectrum, can well fit the steady shear viscosities of the waxy crude oil over the whole experimental shear rate region from 10-4 to 102 s- 1. Two other experiments on complex fluids reported recently in the literature are also well described by this model demonstrating the applicability and accuracy of the model.展开更多
文摘Snowdrops is a tale of an Englishman abroad. Nick is a thirty-something lawyer working in Moscow to broker huge deals between banks, oil companies and property developers. His project on a major loan to a subsidiary of an energy company is underway, and meanwhile, he comes across an enchanting girl, Masha and soon becomes involved with Masha's world, psychologically. This thesis tries to analyze the tension of the conflict between the corrupted native and the nave foreigner, and the sophisticated disposition of the narrator and the other innocent part. And thorough analyzing the tension reflected from other characters, the reason for Nick's tragedy is revealed.
文摘Hot Working Technology SHMP is a production center of heavy duty castings and forgings in east region of China. Since the establishment of the plant in 1950s, through several generations’ exploration, development and innovation, SHMP now has been able to produce main castings and forgings for 300 MW
文摘Ruth is a figure in the book of Ruth.She is described and taken as a noble and kind,obedient woman in a classical and theological understanding.But just a close reading may discover another aspect of Ruth's character-she is sophisticated as well according to Lacan's Mirror Stage Theory.
文摘The authors analyzed the current equipment management situation in colleges and universities, and pointed out how to evaluate it by using scientific and sophisticated standard. There exists four main problems which are as follows: 1. Management thought is not advanced, and there is short of systematic plan. 2. Technical measures are backward, and work starting point is not high. 3. The level of personnel is low, and the development is restricted. 4. The contents of equipment are not good enough, and the funds of construction are insufficient. This paper gives the proposals on how to construct and develop equipment in colleges and universities in the future and describes the objective of the struggle, the channels to realize this objective, and the three problems to be noticed which are: 1. Adhere to integration of theory with practice. 2. Work in coordination with each other in all aspects. 3. Ensure the scientific decision. The paper also discusses some other specific problems such as management decision making, purchase of equipment, use of equipment, maintenance, modification, renewal of equipment, computerized management, etc..
文摘This paper investigates the digital upgrading of China’s specialised and sophisticated small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in the context of global supply-chain restructuring and technostrategic competition.Integrating the resource-based view,dynamic capabilities theory and the technology organisation environment framework,it develops a confgurational model of how technological readiness,organisational capabilities and environmental support jointly shape digitaltransformation outcomes.Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis and illustrative cases,the study identifes three high-performing paths technology-driven,organisation-centred and ecosystem-collaborative and shows that multiple confgurations can lead to successful upgrading.The analysis further highlights the enabling role of industrial internet platforms,data assetisation and digital inclusive fnance in alleviating resource constraints and expanding fnancing channels.Overall,the fndings underscore that the risk of non-transformation now exceeds the transitional risks of digital upgrading for these strategically important frms.
文摘Dear Editor,This letter presents a new approach to developing interpretable and reliable soft sensors for Industry 5.0 applications.Although sophisticated machine learning methods have made remarkable strides in soft-sensor predictive accuracy,ensuring interpretability and reliable performance across varying industrial operating conditions remains a challenge[1]–[4].This is precisely what Industry 5.0,proposed by the European Commission in 2021,advocates[5],[6].It integrates various cutting-edge technologies,such as human-machine interaction,digital twins,cybersecurity and artificial intelligence,to facilitate the development of better soft sensors.
文摘Small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)are key contributors to technological innovation.As China's vanguard for self-reliance and strength in science and technology,specialized,sophisticated,distinctive and novel(SSDN)SMEs have grown into an important motivation for high-quality development,a key stabilizer for the new development paradigm,and a vital force for an innovation-driven China.In recent years,China has been ramping up support for SSDN SMEs,and raised the focus on their development to a new level.At present,some problems and obstacles are befalling the high-quality development of SSDN SMEs,such as imperfect innovation system and mechanism,weak basic research service capabilities,a digital divide in digital transformation,and insuficient vitality of collaboration among players in the innovation ecosystem.In the future,China should promote the high-quality development of SSDN SMEs from system and mechanism,basic input,business environment,and digital empowerment.Specifically,China should increase policy support to consolidate the institutional guarantee for innovative development,build more platforms to form a dynamic innovation ecology,enhance intellectual property protection to spur entrepreneurship,and ramp up upgrading and transformation for the quality and efficiency improvement of traditional enterprises.
基金supported by the University of Macao Research Fund under Grant MYRG-GRG2024-00298-IMEby the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(FDCT)under Grant 0103/2022/AFJ.
文摘Fractional-N phase-locked loops(PLLs)are widely deployed in high-speed communication systems to generate local oscillator(LO)or clock signals with precise frequency.To support sophisticated modulations for increasing the data rate,the PLL needs to generate low-jitter output[1].
文摘This paper employs the entropy method to measure the development level of digital trade across 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2022 and empirically investigates the impact of this digital trade development on export sophistication and the underlying mechanisms used.The results show that digital trade development significantly enhances export sophistication.Mechanism analysis suggests that this effect is primarily realized through the optimization of industrial structures and the enhancement of technological innovation capabilities.Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of digital trade development on export sophistication varies depending on geographical location,inclusion in urban agglomerations,and coastal status.These findings underscore the importance of comprehensively promoting digital trade development,fostering technological progress and innovation,and continuously upgrading industrial structures to provide new pathways for enhancing export sophistication.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72204019)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72374032)supported by the Major Project of the Key Research Base for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education(22JJD790041).
文摘In an era of increasingly intense global competition and digital transformation,enhancing the innovation capabilities of specialized small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)is a critical strategic objective with respect to national competitiveness.Although the role of digital infrastructure as a catalyst for innovation has been widely acknowledged,its specific impact on a firm's dual innovation activities,balancing exploratory and exploitative innovation,remains underexplored,particularly with respect to the underlying mechanisms.This study addresses this gap by using data obtained from national“specialized,sophisticated,distinctive and innovative”(SSDI)enterprises in China from 2009–2019 to empirically investigate the impact of digital infrastructure on their innovation outcomes.The findings reveal that digital infrastructure significantly promotes both exploratory and exploitative innovation and that the effect on the former is stronger.A mechanism analysis reveals two distinct pathways through which digital infrastructure operates.First,it alleviates financing constraints by reducing information asymmetry,which broadly increases a firm's overall investment in both innovation types.Second,more critically,it facilitates the attraction of high-skilled talent,a resource that disproportionately enhances the efficiency of complex and uncertain exploratory innovation.This second mechanism explains the stronger effect on exploratory activities observed in this context.This study has significant theoretical and practical implications.Theoretically,it contributes to the ambidextrous innovation literature by demonstrating how an external environmental factor—digital infrastructure—asymmetrically influences a firm's innovation portfolio.Practically,the findings provide actionable guidance for policy-makers,particularly by suggesting that maximizing returns on digital infrastructure investment requires complementary policies aimed at easing SME financing and attracting and retaining talent.
文摘Barefoot running has been around for millions of years,and it is safe to presume that for most of that time,the practice occasioned little interest.Our ancestors ran barefoot because they had no shoes.When footwear was first invented during the last 40,000 years (no doubt at different times and in different places),shoes were by necessity minimal-essentially sandals and moccasins-designed to protect the sole of the foot but lacking any of the sophisticated features and materials present in modem running shoes such as elevated cushioned heels,arch supports,and toe springs.Most of these features were invented in the 1970s,and they quickly became more popular and sophisticated as running underwent a worldwide boom.Today,the vast majority of runners think it is normal to wear cushioned running shoes,and would never dream of running without them.
文摘Plasticity is a natural property of living organisms that is crucial for adaptation and evolution.Over the last decades,the availability of sophisticated neuroimaging techniques(in particular,functional magnetic resonance imaging(f MRI),and transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)),has made it possible to explore in vivo the on-line functioning of brain and its plasticity.However,
文摘The earth is an enormous open system and the gas-releasing phenomenon of the crust is the major means of exchange of matters and energy at different crustal depth.Therefore,a powerful gas-releasing channel is actually a "window" to understand the subterranean physical and chemical variations as well as stress-strain changes.The releasing places,quantities and ways obtained by systematically observing and recording can reveal the pressure variation and opening state of channels in the crust,and furthermore provide important information for earthquake prediction,tectonic activity and monitoring of volcanic activity.The fracture-gas measurement has been applied widely to earthquake sciences and has played an important role.The authors introduced systematically the application situation and preliminary achievements in China,and pointed out that though this technique is at the beginning stage and not very sophisticated but its capacities for being easy-carrying,fast-operating and inexpensive,makes for a
文摘As more and more sophisticated medical equipment being purchased by hospi-tals,the selection is becoming an increasingly complex and important process.Usu-ally there are three steps in the selection process: planning,feasibility and model se-lection evaluation.Model selection evalution is the most complex stage.The consid-
文摘The influence of toxicology on legislation is quite clear in countries where chemicals are regulated by the authorities. There is normally a toxicological evaluation—in addition to other considerations—behind sales and use permissions and the levels that are accepted in food, air, water, etc. How does legislation affect toxicology? If there is no legislation, then clinical and forensic toxicology will be the most used toxicological disciplines (accidents and other cases of poisoning). The more sophisticated and restrictive the legislation becomes, the more toxicology is used not only to permit the use of chemicals but also to ban them. In addition, legislation for the protection of experimental animals has a profound influence in toxicology and accelerates the use of in vitro and other alternative methods. This paper discusses whether countries in the 'developed' world are overdoing it, thereby maybe hampering the essential use of chemicals in the developing countries. 1989 Academic Press, Inc.
文摘The cover photo shows one of the largest and most sophisticated volcanic centres in the Kamchatka Peninsula.With a long and peculiar evolutionary history,the Ksudach caldera is situated in the southern part of the Eastern volcanic belt of Kamchatka in Russia.This volcanic massif comprises two Late Pleistocene calderas,three Holocene calderas,a young post-caldera stratovolcano-Shtyubel cone,and two caldera lakes-Klyuchevoye and Shtyubelya.
文摘DOZENS of years ago BaiShuxiang’s performance inthe first-ever showing ofSwan Lake on the Chinese stage an-nounced the arrival of ballet inChina.Since then years of trial anderror,setbacks and progress,haveshown that the borrowed art isflourishing on the Chinese stage.The First“White Swan”The reception accorded to West-ern ballet in China,an ancient coun-try,proves that the Chinese peoplecan include breadth of vision amongtheir many other strong points.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (07zrl4047)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50675202).
文摘A semi-empirical spectrum model is proposed to describe the experimental data of the steady shear properties of a Shengli waxy crude oil near its gel point, where sophisticated structural effects become apparent due to the existence of waxy crystals in the crude oil. The model, consisting of a time spectrum, can well fit the steady shear viscosities of the waxy crude oil over the whole experimental shear rate region from 10-4 to 102 s- 1. Two other experiments on complex fluids reported recently in the literature are also well described by this model demonstrating the applicability and accuracy of the model.