The equation used to model the unidirectional flow of methane gas in coal seams is usually formulated as a nonlinear partial differential equation, which needs to be solved numerically with a computer program.Neverthe...The equation used to model the unidirectional flow of methane gas in coal seams is usually formulated as a nonlinear partial differential equation, which needs to be solved numerically with a computer program.Nevertheless, for people without access to the computer program, the conventional numerical method may be inconvenient. Thus, the objective here is to seek some method simpler than the conventional one for solving the flow problem. A commonly used model of the unidirectional methane gas flow is considered, where the methane adsorption is described by the Langmuir isotherm and the free gas is treated as real gas. By introducing the similarity solution, a simple method for solving the flow model is proposed, which can be done on a hand calculator. It is shown by two examples that the gas pressure profile obtained by the proposed method agrees well with the direct numerical solution of the flow model.展开更多
This paper applies genetic simulated annealing algorithm (SAGA) to solving geometric constraint problems. This method makes full use of the advantages of SAGA and can handle under-/over- constraint problems naturally....This paper applies genetic simulated annealing algorithm (SAGA) to solving geometric constraint problems. This method makes full use of the advantages of SAGA and can handle under-/over- constraint problems naturally. It has advantages (due to its not being sensitive to the initial values) over the Newton-Raphson method, and its yielding of multiple solutions, is an advantage over other optimal methods for multi-solution constraint system. Our experiments have proved the robustness and efficiency of this method.展开更多
Objectives:Near misses happen more frequently than actual errors,and highlight system vulnerabilities without causing any harm,thus provide a safe space for organizational learning.Second-order problem solving behavio...Objectives:Near misses happen more frequently than actual errors,and highlight system vulnerabilities without causing any harm,thus provide a safe space for organizational learning.Second-order problem solving behavior offers a new perspective to better understand how nurses promote learning from near misses to improve organizational outcomes.This study aimed to explore frontline nurses’perspectives on using second-order problem solving behavior in learning from near misses to improve patient safety.Methods:A qualitative exploratory study design was employed.This study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals in east China from June to November 2015.Purposive sampling was used to recruit 19 frontline nurses.Semi-structured interviews and a qualitative directed content analysis was undertaken using Crossan’s 4I Framework of Organizational Learning as a coding framework.Results:Second-order problem solving behavior,based on the 4I Framework of Organizational Learning,was referred to as being a leader in exposing near misses,pushing forward the cause analysis within limited capacity,balancing the active and passive role during improvement project,and promoting the continuous improvement with passion while feeling low-powered.Conclusions:4I Framework of Organizational Learning can be an underlying guide to enrich frontline nurses’role in promoting organizations to learn from near misses.In this study,nurses displayed their pivotal role in organizational learning from near misses by using second-order problem solving.However,additional knowledge,skills,and support are needed to maximize the application of second-order problem solving behavior when near misses are recognized.展开更多
In a number of species,males and females have different ecological roles and therefore might be required to solve different problems.Studies on humans have suggested that the 2 sexes often show different efficiencies ...In a number of species,males and females have different ecological roles and therefore might be required to solve different problems.Studies on humans have suggested that the 2 sexes often show different efficiencies in problem solving tasks;similarly,evidence of sex differences has been found in 2 other mammalian species.Here,we assessed whether a teleost fish species,the guppy.Poecilia reticulata,displays sex differences in the ability to solve problems.In Experiment 1,guppies had to learn to dislodge a disc that occluded a feeder from which they had been previously accustomed to feed.In Experiment 2,guppies had to solve a version of the detour task that required them to learn to enter a transparent cylinder from the open sides to reach a food reward previously freely available.We found evidence of sex differences in both problem-solvingi tasks.In Experiment 1,females clearly outperformed males,and in Experiment 2,guppies showed a reversed but smaller sex difference.This study indicates that sex differences may play an important role in fish's problem-solving similar to what has previously been observed in some mammalian species.展开更多
This paper introduces a method for solving DOA estimation ambiguity in ESPRIT algorithm with the conventional beamformer. With the help of it, for any space of two subarrays, the signal DOA in [-π/2 ,π/2] can be est...This paper introduces a method for solving DOA estimation ambiguity in ESPRIT algorithm with the conventional beamformer. With the help of it, for any space of two subarrays, the signal DOA in [-π/2 ,π/2] can be estimated effectively by using ESPRIT algorithm. Finally, some simulation results to verify the theoretical analyses are presented.展开更多
A new efficient coupling relationship description method has been developed to provide an automated and visualized way to multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) modeling and solving. The disciplinary relation mat...A new efficient coupling relationship description method has been developed to provide an automated and visualized way to multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) modeling and solving. The disciplinary relation matrix (DRM) is proposed to describe the coupling relationship according to disciplinary input/output variables, and the MDO definition has been reformulated to adopt the new interfaces. Based on these, a universal MDO solving procedure is proposed to establish an automated and efficient way for MDO modeling and solving. Through a simple and convenient initial configuration, MDO problems can be solved using any of available MDO architectures with no further effort. Several examples are used to verify the proposed MDO modeling and solving process. Result shows that the DRM method has the ability to simplify and automate the MDO procedure, and the related MDO framework can evaluate the MDO problem automatically and efficiently.展开更多
Axiomatic design (AD) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) are widely used in conceptual design. Both of them have limitations, however. We presented an integrated model of these two methods to increase the ...Axiomatic design (AD) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) are widely used in conceptual design. Both of them have limitations, however. We presented an integrated model of these two methods to increase the efficiency and quality of the problem solving process for conceptual design. AD is used for systematically defining and structuring a problem into a hierarchy. Sometimes, the design matrix is coupled in AD which indicates the functional requirements are coupled. TRIZ separation principles can be used to separate non-independent design parameters, which provide innovative solutions at each hierarchical level. We applied the integrated model to the heating and drying equipment of bitumen reproduction device. The result verifies that the integrated model can work very well in conceptual design.展开更多
The platform scheduling problem in battlefield is one of the important problems in military operational research.It needs to minimize mission completing time and meanwhile maximize the mission completing accuracy with...The platform scheduling problem in battlefield is one of the important problems in military operational research.It needs to minimize mission completing time and meanwhile maximize the mission completing accuracy with a limited number of platforms.Though the traditional certain models obtain some good results,uncertain model is still needed to be introduced since the battlefield environment is complex and unstable.An uncertain model is prposed for the platform scheduling problem.Related parameters in this model are set to be fuzzy or stochastic.Due to the inherent disadvantage of the solving methods for traditional models,a new method is proposed to solve the uncertain model.Finally,the practicability and availability of the proposed method are demonstrated with a case of joint campaign.展开更多
BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum dep...BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum depression.AIM To explore the state of mind and coping style of women with depression after cesarean delivery guided by SOR theory.METHODS Eighty postpartum depressed women with cesarean delivery admitted to the hospital between January 2022 and October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups of 40 cases each,according to the random number table method.In the control group,the observation group adopted the problem-solving nursing model under SOR theory.The two groups were consecutively intervened for 12 weeks,and the state of mind,coping styles,and degree of post-partum depression were analyzed at the end of the intervention.RESULTS The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale-24-item scores of the observation group were lower than in the control group after care,and the level of improvement in the state of mind was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The level of coping with illness in the observation group after care(26.48±3.35)was higher than that in the control group(21.73±3.20),and the level of avoidance(12.04±2.68)and submission(8.14±1.15)was lower than that in the control group(15.75±2.69 and 9.95±1.20),with significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adopting the problem-solving nursing model using SOR theory for postpartum depressed mothers after cesarean delivery reduced maternal depression,improved their state of mind,and coping level with illness.展开更多
An accurate and rapid method for solving radiative transfer equation is presented in this paper. According to the fact that the multiple scattering component of radiance is less sensitive to the error of phase functio...An accurate and rapid method for solving radiative transfer equation is presented in this paper. According to the fact that the multiple scattering component of radiance is less sensitive to the error of phase function than the single scattering component is,we calculate the multiple scattering component by using delta-Eddington approximation and the single scattering component by solving radiative transfer equation. On the ground, when multiple sattering component is small, for example, when the total optical depth T is small, the accurate radiance can be obtained with this method. For the need of the space remote sensing, the upward radiance at the top of the atmosphere is mainly studied, and an approximate expression is presented to correct the multiple scattering component. Compared with the more precise Gauss-Seidel method.the results from this method show an accuracy of better than 10% when zenith angle 0 < 50 掳 and T < 1. The computational speed of this method is, however, much faster than that of Gauss-Seidel method.展开更多
In the process of solving Euler vectors based on GNSS horizontal movement field,the number of estimated parameters can affect Euler vector results. This issue is analyzed through theoretical deduction and practical ex...In the process of solving Euler vectors based on GNSS horizontal movement field,the number of estimated parameters can affect Euler vector results. This issue is analyzed through theoretical deduction and practical example in this paper. Firstly,the difference between the results of Euler vectors in different solving models is deduced. Meanwhile, based on GNSS horizontal movement field in the Chinese mainland from 2004 to 2007,two common models( RRM and REHSM) are used to discuss the impact of solving models on Euler vectors and the follow-up study. The result shows that the maximum value of the difference in a block's entire rotation can reach 2. 6mm /a,and should not be ignored. Therefore,the results of horizontal movement are different using different kinematic block models,and this should be paid more attention in the analysis of crustal horizontal movement.展开更多
A new parallel architecture for quantified boolean formula(QBF)solving was proposed,and the prediction model based on machine learning technology was proposed for how sharing knowledge affects the solving performance ...A new parallel architecture for quantified boolean formula(QBF)solving was proposed,and the prediction model based on machine learning technology was proposed for how sharing knowledge affects the solving performance in QBF parallel solving system,and the experimental evaluation scheme was also designed.It shows that the characterization factor of clause and cube influence the solving performance markedly in our experiment.At the same time,the heuristic machine learning algorithm was applied,support vector machine was chosen to predict the performance of QBF parallel solving system based on clause sharing and cube sharing.The relative error of accuracy for prediction can be controlled in a reasonable range of 20%30%.The results show the important and complex role that knowledge sharing plays in any modern parallel solver.It shows that the parallel solver with machine learning reduces the quantity of knowledge sharing about 30%and saving computational resource but does not reduce the performance of solving system.展开更多
CAPTCHA is an acronym that stands for Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart(CAPTCHA),it is a good example of an authentication system that can be used to determine the true identit...CAPTCHA is an acronym that stands for Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart(CAPTCHA),it is a good example of an authentication system that can be used to determine the true identity of any user.It serves as a security measure to prevent an attack caused by web bots(automatic programs)during an online transaction.It can come as text-based or image-based depending on the project and the programmer.The usability and robustness,as well as level of security,provided each of the varies and call for the development of an improved system.Hence,this paper studied and improved two different CAPTCHA systems(the text-based CAPTCHA and image-based CAPTCHA).The textbased and image-based CAPTCHAwere designed using JavaScript.Response time and solving time are the two metrics used to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the two CAPTCHA systems.The inclusion of response time and solving time improved the shortfall of the usability and robustness of the existing system.The developed system was tested using 200 students from the Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology.The results of each of the participants,for the two CAPTCHAs,were extracted from the database and subjected to analysis using SPSS.The result shows that textbased CAPTCHAhas the lowest average solving time(21.3333 s)with a 47.8%success rate while image-based CAPTCHA has the highest average solving time was 23.5138 s with a 52.8%success rate.The average response time for the image-based CAPTCHA was 2.1855 s with a 37.9%success rate lower than the text-based CAPTCHA response time(3.5561 s)with a 62.1%success rate.This indicates that the text-based CAPTCHA is more effective in terms of usability tests while image-based CAPTCHA is more efficient in terms of system responsiveness and recommended for potential users.展开更多
A qualia role-based entity-dependency graph(EDG)is proposed to represent and extract quantity relations for solving algebra story problems stated in Chinese.Traditional neural solvers use end-to-end models to translat...A qualia role-based entity-dependency graph(EDG)is proposed to represent and extract quantity relations for solving algebra story problems stated in Chinese.Traditional neural solvers use end-to-end models to translate problem texts into math expressions,which lack quantity relation acquisition in sophisticated scenarios.To address the problem,the proposed method leverages EDG to represent quantity relations hidden in qualia roles of math objects.Algorithms were designed for EDG generation and quantity relation extraction for solving algebra story problems.Experimental result shows that the proposedmethod achieved an average accuracy of 82.2%on quantity relation extraction compared to 74.5%of baseline method.Another prompt learning result shows a 5%increase obtained in problem solving by injecting the extracted quantity relations into the baseline neural solvers.展开更多
We established an integrated and optimized model of vehicle scheduling problem and vehicle filling problem for solving an extremely complex delivery mode-multi-type vehicles, non-full loads, pickup and delivery in log...We established an integrated and optimized model of vehicle scheduling problem and vehicle filling problem for solving an extremely complex delivery mode-multi-type vehicles, non-full loads, pickup and delivery in logistics and delivery system. The integrated and optimized model is based on our previous research result-effective space method. An integrated algorithm suitable for the integrated and optimized model was proposed and corresponding computer programs were designed to solve practical problems. The results indicates the programs can work out optimized delivery routes and concrete loading projects. The model and algorithm have many virtues and are valuable in practice.展开更多
We describe a system called CFLP which aims at the integration of the best features of functional logic programming (FLP), cooperative constraint solving (CCS), and distributed computing. FLP provides support for defi...We describe a system called CFLP which aims at the integration of the best features of functional logic programming (FLP), cooperative constraint solving (CCS), and distributed computing. FLP provides support for defining one's own abstractions over a constraint domain in an easy and comfortable way, whereas CCS is employed to solve systems of mixed constraints by iterating specialized constraint solving methods in accordance with a well defined strategy. The system is a distributed implementation of a cooperative constraint functional logic programming scheme that combines higher order lazy narrowing with cooperative constraint solving. The model takes advantage of the existence of several constraint solving resources located in a distributed environment (e.g., a network of computers), which communicate asynchronously via message passing. To increase the openness of the system, we are redesigning CFLP based on CORBA. We discuss some design and implementation issues of the system.展开更多
Through transformations, the time-dependent boundary condition on the airfoil contour and the boundary condition at infinity are brought fixed to the boundaries of a finite domain. The boundary conditions can thus be ...Through transformations, the time-dependent boundary condition on the airfoil contour and the boundary condition at infinity are brought fixed to the boundaries of a finite domain. The boundary conditions can thus be satisfied exactly without increasing the computational time. The novel scheme is useful for computing transonic, strong disturbance, unsteady flows with high reduced frequencies. The scheme makes use of curvefitted orthogonal meshes and the lattice control technique to obtain the optimal grid distribution. The numerical results are satisfactory.展开更多
Objective The aims of this study were to describe nursing students′self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving and test their correlations in Macao.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was c...Objective The aims of this study were to describe nursing students′self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving and test their correlations in Macao.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 140baccalaureate nursing students.A stratified random sampling was performed.The Self-directed Learning Readiness(SDLR)Scale and Chinese Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised(C-SPSI-R)were used.Results The response rate was 79.3%.Students possessed readiness for self-directed learning(mean 149.09±12.53,51.4%at high level,48.6%at low level).Regarding to social problem solving,the mean scores of each subscale were 9.35±3.25(Rational Problem Solving,RPS),10.26±3.23(Positive Problem Orientation,PPO),8.14±4.06(Negative Problem Orientation,NPO),5.67±4.44(Avoidance Style,AS),and 4.84±3.03(Impulsivity/Carelessness Style,ICS).SDLR was positively related to RPS and PPO,but was negatively related to AS.Conclusion Half of students possessed stronger readiness for self-directed learning.Students had a belief in the ability to solve problems,and adopted relevant strategies in solving problems.However,students still had negative and dysfunctional orientation and defective attempts in solving problems.Self-directed learning was positively related to positive and constructive orientation,but was negatively related to defective problem-solving pattern.Nurse educators should create educational climates for promoting student confidence and mutual responsibility for learning and their thinking process for problem solving.展开更多
基金provided by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)
文摘The equation used to model the unidirectional flow of methane gas in coal seams is usually formulated as a nonlinear partial differential equation, which needs to be solved numerically with a computer program.Nevertheless, for people without access to the computer program, the conventional numerical method may be inconvenient. Thus, the objective here is to seek some method simpler than the conventional one for solving the flow problem. A commonly used model of the unidirectional methane gas flow is considered, where the methane adsorption is described by the Langmuir isotherm and the free gas is treated as real gas. By introducing the similarity solution, a simple method for solving the flow model is proposed, which can be done on a hand calculator. It is shown by two examples that the gas pressure profile obtained by the proposed method agrees well with the direct numerical solution of the flow model.
文摘This paper applies genetic simulated annealing algorithm (SAGA) to solving geometric constraint problems. This method makes full use of the advantages of SAGA and can handle under-/over- constraint problems naturally. It has advantages (due to its not being sensitive to the initial values) over the Newton-Raphson method, and its yielding of multiple solutions, is an advantage over other optimal methods for multi-solution constraint system. Our experiments have proved the robustness and efficiency of this method.
文摘Objectives:Near misses happen more frequently than actual errors,and highlight system vulnerabilities without causing any harm,thus provide a safe space for organizational learning.Second-order problem solving behavior offers a new perspective to better understand how nurses promote learning from near misses to improve organizational outcomes.This study aimed to explore frontline nurses’perspectives on using second-order problem solving behavior in learning from near misses to improve patient safety.Methods:A qualitative exploratory study design was employed.This study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals in east China from June to November 2015.Purposive sampling was used to recruit 19 frontline nurses.Semi-structured interviews and a qualitative directed content analysis was undertaken using Crossan’s 4I Framework of Organizational Learning as a coding framework.Results:Second-order problem solving behavior,based on the 4I Framework of Organizational Learning,was referred to as being a leader in exposing near misses,pushing forward the cause analysis within limited capacity,balancing the active and passive role during improvement project,and promoting the continuous improvement with passion while feeling low-powered.Conclusions:4I Framework of Organizational Learning can be an underlying guide to enrich frontline nurses’role in promoting organizations to learn from near misses.In this study,nurses displayed their pivotal role in organizational learning from near misses by using second-order problem solving.However,additional knowledge,skills,and support are needed to maximize the application of second-order problem solving behavior when near misses are recognized.
基金Funding was provided by PRIN 2015 Grant(prot.:2015FFATB7)to A.B.from Ministero dell'Istruzione,Universita e Ricerca(M IUR,Italy)FIR2018 and FAR2018 grants to T.L.X.from University of Ferrara.
文摘In a number of species,males and females have different ecological roles and therefore might be required to solve different problems.Studies on humans have suggested that the 2 sexes often show different efficiencies in problem solving tasks;similarly,evidence of sex differences has been found in 2 other mammalian species.Here,we assessed whether a teleost fish species,the guppy.Poecilia reticulata,displays sex differences in the ability to solve problems.In Experiment 1,guppies had to learn to dislodge a disc that occluded a feeder from which they had been previously accustomed to feed.In Experiment 2,guppies had to solve a version of the detour task that required them to learn to enter a transparent cylinder from the open sides to reach a food reward previously freely available.We found evidence of sex differences in both problem-solvingi tasks.In Experiment 1,females clearly outperformed males,and in Experiment 2,guppies showed a reversed but smaller sex difference.This study indicates that sex differences may play an important role in fish's problem-solving similar to what has previously been observed in some mammalian species.
文摘This paper introduces a method for solving DOA estimation ambiguity in ESPRIT algorithm with the conventional beamformer. With the help of it, for any space of two subarrays, the signal DOA in [-π/2 ,π/2] can be estimated effectively by using ESPRIT algorithm. Finally, some simulation results to verify the theoretical analyses are presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51505385)Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation(SAST2015010)the Defense Basic Research Program(JCKY2016204B102)
文摘A new efficient coupling relationship description method has been developed to provide an automated and visualized way to multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) modeling and solving. The disciplinary relation matrix (DRM) is proposed to describe the coupling relationship according to disciplinary input/output variables, and the MDO definition has been reformulated to adopt the new interfaces. Based on these, a universal MDO solving procedure is proposed to establish an automated and efficient way for MDO modeling and solving. Through a simple and convenient initial configuration, MDO problems can be solved using any of available MDO architectures with no further effort. Several examples are used to verify the proposed MDO modeling and solving process. Result shows that the DRM method has the ability to simplify and automate the MDO procedure, and the related MDO framework can evaluate the MDO problem automatically and efficiently.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50575083)
文摘Axiomatic design (AD) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) are widely used in conceptual design. Both of them have limitations, however. We presented an integrated model of these two methods to increase the efficiency and quality of the problem solving process for conceptual design. AD is used for systematically defining and structuring a problem into a hierarchy. Sometimes, the design matrix is coupled in AD which indicates the functional requirements are coupled. TRIZ separation principles can be used to separate non-independent design parameters, which provide innovative solutions at each hierarchical level. We applied the integrated model to the heating and drying equipment of bitumen reproduction device. The result verifies that the integrated model can work very well in conceptual design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61573017)
文摘The platform scheduling problem in battlefield is one of the important problems in military operational research.It needs to minimize mission completing time and meanwhile maximize the mission completing accuracy with a limited number of platforms.Though the traditional certain models obtain some good results,uncertain model is still needed to be introduced since the battlefield environment is complex and unstable.An uncertain model is prposed for the platform scheduling problem.Related parameters in this model are set to be fuzzy or stochastic.Due to the inherent disadvantage of the solving methods for traditional models,a new method is proposed to solve the uncertain model.Finally,the practicability and availability of the proposed method are demonstrated with a case of joint campaign.
文摘BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum depression.AIM To explore the state of mind and coping style of women with depression after cesarean delivery guided by SOR theory.METHODS Eighty postpartum depressed women with cesarean delivery admitted to the hospital between January 2022 and October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups of 40 cases each,according to the random number table method.In the control group,the observation group adopted the problem-solving nursing model under SOR theory.The two groups were consecutively intervened for 12 weeks,and the state of mind,coping styles,and degree of post-partum depression were analyzed at the end of the intervention.RESULTS The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale-24-item scores of the observation group were lower than in the control group after care,and the level of improvement in the state of mind was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The level of coping with illness in the observation group after care(26.48±3.35)was higher than that in the control group(21.73±3.20),and the level of avoidance(12.04±2.68)and submission(8.14±1.15)was lower than that in the control group(15.75±2.69 and 9.95±1.20),with significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adopting the problem-solving nursing model using SOR theory for postpartum depressed mothers after cesarean delivery reduced maternal depression,improved their state of mind,and coping level with illness.
文摘An accurate and rapid method for solving radiative transfer equation is presented in this paper. According to the fact that the multiple scattering component of radiance is less sensitive to the error of phase function than the single scattering component is,we calculate the multiple scattering component by using delta-Eddington approximation and the single scattering component by solving radiative transfer equation. On the ground, when multiple sattering component is small, for example, when the total optical depth T is small, the accurate radiance can be obtained with this method. For the need of the space remote sensing, the upward radiance at the top of the atmosphere is mainly studied, and an approximate expression is presented to correct the multiple scattering component. Compared with the more precise Gauss-Seidel method.the results from this method show an accuracy of better than 10% when zenith angle 0 < 50 掳 and T < 1. The computational speed of this method is, however, much faster than that of Gauss-Seidel method.
基金sponsored by the Special Earthquake Research Project Granted by the China Earthquake Administration(201308009,201208006)
文摘In the process of solving Euler vectors based on GNSS horizontal movement field,the number of estimated parameters can affect Euler vector results. This issue is analyzed through theoretical deduction and practical example in this paper. Firstly,the difference between the results of Euler vectors in different solving models is deduced. Meanwhile, based on GNSS horizontal movement field in the Chinese mainland from 2004 to 2007,two common models( RRM and REHSM) are used to discuss the impact of solving models on Euler vectors and the follow-up study. The result shows that the maximum value of the difference in a block's entire rotation can reach 2. 6mm /a,and should not be ignored. Therefore,the results of horizontal movement are different using different kinematic block models,and this should be paid more attention in the analysis of crustal horizontal movement.
基金Project(61171141)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A new parallel architecture for quantified boolean formula(QBF)solving was proposed,and the prediction model based on machine learning technology was proposed for how sharing knowledge affects the solving performance in QBF parallel solving system,and the experimental evaluation scheme was also designed.It shows that the characterization factor of clause and cube influence the solving performance markedly in our experiment.At the same time,the heuristic machine learning algorithm was applied,support vector machine was chosen to predict the performance of QBF parallel solving system based on clause sharing and cube sharing.The relative error of accuracy for prediction can be controlled in a reasonable range of 20%30%.The results show the important and complex role that knowledge sharing plays in any modern parallel solver.It shows that the parallel solver with machine learning reduces the quantity of knowledge sharing about 30%and saving computational resource but does not reduce the performance of solving system.
文摘CAPTCHA is an acronym that stands for Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart(CAPTCHA),it is a good example of an authentication system that can be used to determine the true identity of any user.It serves as a security measure to prevent an attack caused by web bots(automatic programs)during an online transaction.It can come as text-based or image-based depending on the project and the programmer.The usability and robustness,as well as level of security,provided each of the varies and call for the development of an improved system.Hence,this paper studied and improved two different CAPTCHA systems(the text-based CAPTCHA and image-based CAPTCHA).The textbased and image-based CAPTCHAwere designed using JavaScript.Response time and solving time are the two metrics used to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the two CAPTCHA systems.The inclusion of response time and solving time improved the shortfall of the usability and robustness of the existing system.The developed system was tested using 200 students from the Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology.The results of each of the participants,for the two CAPTCHAs,were extracted from the database and subjected to analysis using SPSS.The result shows that textbased CAPTCHAhas the lowest average solving time(21.3333 s)with a 47.8%success rate while image-based CAPTCHA has the highest average solving time was 23.5138 s with a 52.8%success rate.The average response time for the image-based CAPTCHA was 2.1855 s with a 37.9%success rate lower than the text-based CAPTCHA response time(3.5561 s)with a 62.1%success rate.This indicates that the text-based CAPTCHA is more effective in terms of usability tests while image-based CAPTCHA is more efficient in terms of system responsiveness and recommended for potential users.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.62177024,62007014)the Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund of the Ministry of Education (No.20YJC880024)+1 种基金China Post Doctoral Science Foundation (No.2019M652678)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.CCNU20ZT019).
文摘A qualia role-based entity-dependency graph(EDG)is proposed to represent and extract quantity relations for solving algebra story problems stated in Chinese.Traditional neural solvers use end-to-end models to translate problem texts into math expressions,which lack quantity relation acquisition in sophisticated scenarios.To address the problem,the proposed method leverages EDG to represent quantity relations hidden in qualia roles of math objects.Algorithms were designed for EDG generation and quantity relation extraction for solving algebra story problems.Experimental result shows that the proposedmethod achieved an average accuracy of 82.2%on quantity relation extraction compared to 74.5%of baseline method.Another prompt learning result shows a 5%increase obtained in problem solving by injecting the extracted quantity relations into the baseline neural solvers.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70572028).
文摘We established an integrated and optimized model of vehicle scheduling problem and vehicle filling problem for solving an extremely complex delivery mode-multi-type vehicles, non-full loads, pickup and delivery in logistics and delivery system. The integrated and optimized model is based on our previous research result-effective space method. An integrated algorithm suitable for the integrated and optimized model was proposed and corresponding computer programs were designed to solve practical problems. The results indicates the programs can work out optimized delivery routes and concrete loading projects. The model and algorithm have many virtues and are valuable in practice.
基金Supported in part by the Ministry of EducationCulture+2 种基金SportsScience and TechnologyGrant-in-Aid for Scien-tific Research (B)
文摘We describe a system called CFLP which aims at the integration of the best features of functional logic programming (FLP), cooperative constraint solving (CCS), and distributed computing. FLP provides support for defining one's own abstractions over a constraint domain in an easy and comfortable way, whereas CCS is employed to solve systems of mixed constraints by iterating specialized constraint solving methods in accordance with a well defined strategy. The system is a distributed implementation of a cooperative constraint functional logic programming scheme that combines higher order lazy narrowing with cooperative constraint solving. The model takes advantage of the existence of several constraint solving resources located in a distributed environment (e.g., a network of computers), which communicate asynchronously via message passing. To increase the openness of the system, we are redesigning CFLP based on CORBA. We discuss some design and implementation issues of the system.
文摘Through transformations, the time-dependent boundary condition on the airfoil contour and the boundary condition at infinity are brought fixed to the boundaries of a finite domain. The boundary conditions can thus be satisfied exactly without increasing the computational time. The novel scheme is useful for computing transonic, strong disturbance, unsteady flows with high reduced frequencies. The scheme makes use of curvefitted orthogonal meshes and the lattice control technique to obtain the optimal grid distribution. The numerical results are satisfactory.
文摘Objective The aims of this study were to describe nursing students′self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving and test their correlations in Macao.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 140baccalaureate nursing students.A stratified random sampling was performed.The Self-directed Learning Readiness(SDLR)Scale and Chinese Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised(C-SPSI-R)were used.Results The response rate was 79.3%.Students possessed readiness for self-directed learning(mean 149.09±12.53,51.4%at high level,48.6%at low level).Regarding to social problem solving,the mean scores of each subscale were 9.35±3.25(Rational Problem Solving,RPS),10.26±3.23(Positive Problem Orientation,PPO),8.14±4.06(Negative Problem Orientation,NPO),5.67±4.44(Avoidance Style,AS),and 4.84±3.03(Impulsivity/Carelessness Style,ICS).SDLR was positively related to RPS and PPO,but was negatively related to AS.Conclusion Half of students possessed stronger readiness for self-directed learning.Students had a belief in the ability to solve problems,and adopted relevant strategies in solving problems.However,students still had negative and dysfunctional orientation and defective attempts in solving problems.Self-directed learning was positively related to positive and constructive orientation,but was negatively related to defective problem-solving pattern.Nurse educators should create educational climates for promoting student confidence and mutual responsibility for learning and their thinking process for problem solving.
