The mechanical properties of biological soft tissues play a critical role in the study of biomechanics and the development of protective measures against human injury.Various testing techniques at different scales hav...The mechanical properties of biological soft tissues play a critical role in the study of biomechanics and the development of protective measures against human injury.Various testing techniques at different scales have been employed to characterize the mechanical behavior of soft tissues,which is essential for developing accurate tissue simulants and numerical models.This review comprehensively explores the mechanical properties of soft tissues,examining experimental methods,mechanical models,numerical simulations,and the progress in materials that mimic the mechanical performance of soft tissues.Finally,it reviews the damage and protection of human tissues under kinetic impacts,anticipating the future construction of soft tissue surrogate targets.The aim is to provide a systematic theoretical foundation and the latest advancements in the field,addressing the design,preparation,and quantitative modeling of biomimetic materials,thereby promoting the in-depth development of soft tissue mechanics and its applications.展开更多
This paper explores growth induced morphological instabilities in biological soft materials. In view of that the growth of a living tissue not only changes its geometry but also can alter its mechanical properties, we...This paper explores growth induced morphological instabilities in biological soft materials. In view of that the growth of a living tissue not only changes its geometry but also can alter its mechanical properties, we suggest a refined volumetric growth model incorporating the effects of growth on the mechanical properties of materials. Analogy between this volumetric growth model and the conventional thermal stress model is addressed for both small and finite de- formation problems, which brings great ease for the finite element analysis based on the suggested model. Examples of growth induced surface wrinkling behavior in soft composites, including core- shell soft cylinders and three-layered soft tissues, are explored. The results and discussions foresee possible applications of the model in understanding the correlation between the morphogenesis and growth of soft biological tissues （e.g. skins and tumors）, as well as in evaluating the defor- mation and surface instability behavior of soft artificial materials induced by swelling/shrinkage.展开更多
Soft-tissue motion introduces significant challenges in robotic teleoperation,especially in medical scenarios where precise target tracking is critical.Latency across sensing,computation,and actuation chains leads to ...Soft-tissue motion introduces significant challenges in robotic teleoperation,especially in medical scenarios where precise target tracking is critical.Latency across sensing,computation,and actuation chains leads to degraded tracking performance,particularly around high-acceleration segments and trajectory inflection points.This study investigates machine learning-based predictive compensation for latency mitigation in soft-tissue tracking.Three models—autoregressive(AR),long short-term memory(LSTM),and temporal convolutional network(TCN)—were implemented and evaluated on both synthetic and real datasets.By aligning the prediction horizon with the end-to-end system delay,we demonstrate that prediction-based compensation significantly reduces tracking errors.Among the models,TCN achieved superior robustness and accuracy on complex motion patterns,particularly in multi-step prediction tasks,and exhibited better latency–horizon compatibility.The results suggest that TCN is a promising candidate for real-time latency compensation in teleoperated robotic systems involving dynamic soft-tissue interaction.展开更多
Postoperative adhesion(POA)widely occurs in soft tissues and usually leads to chronic pain,dysfunction of adjacent organs and some acute complications,seriously reducing patients’quality of life and even being life-t...Postoperative adhesion(POA)widely occurs in soft tissues and usually leads to chronic pain,dysfunction of adjacent organs and some acute complications,seriously reducing patients’quality of life and even being life-threatening.Except for adhesiolysis,there are few effective methods to release existing adhesion.However,it requires a second operation and inpatient care and usually triggers recurrent adhesion in a great incidence.Hence,preventing POA formation has been regarded as the most effective clinical strategy.Biomaterials have attracted great attention in preventing POA because they can act as both barriers and drug carriers.Nevertheless,even though much reported research has been demonstrated their efficacy on POA inhibition to a certain extent,thoroughly preventing POA formation is still challenging.Meanwhile,most biomaterials for POA prevention were designed based on limited experiences,not a solid theoretical basis,showing blindness.Hence,we aimed to provide guidance for designing anti-adhesion materials applied in different soft tissues based on the mechanisms of POA occurrence and development.We first classified the postoperative adhesions into four categories according to the different components of diverse adhesion tissues,and named them as“membranous adhesion”,“vascular adhesion”,“adhesive adhesion”and“scarred adhesion”,respectively.Then,the process of the occurrence and development of POA were analyzed,and the main influencing factors in different stages were clarified.Further,we proposed seven strategies for POA prevention by using biomaterials according to these influencing factors.Meanwhile,the relevant practices were summarized according to the corresponding strategies and the future perspectives were analyzed.展开更多
Soft Tissue Tumors(STT)are a form of sarcoma found in tissues that connect,support,and surround body structures.Because of their shallow frequency in the body and their great diversity,they appear to be heterogeneous ...Soft Tissue Tumors(STT)are a form of sarcoma found in tissues that connect,support,and surround body structures.Because of their shallow frequency in the body and their great diversity,they appear to be heterogeneous when observed through Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI).They are easily confused with other diseases such as fibroadenoma mammae,lymphadenopathy,and struma nodosa,and these diagnostic errors have a considerable detrimental effect on the medical treatment process of patients.Researchers have proposed several machine learning models to classify tumors,but none have adequately addressed this misdiagnosis problem.Also,similar studies that have proposed models for evaluation of such tumors mostly do not consider the heterogeneity and the size of the data.Therefore,we propose a machine learning-based approach which combines a new technique of preprocessing the data for features transformation,resampling techniques to eliminate the bias and the deviation of instability and performing classifier tests based on the Support Vector Machine(SVM)and Decision Tree(DT)algorithms.The tests carried out on dataset collected in Nur Hidayah Hospital of Yogyakarta in Indonesia show a great improvement compared to previous studies.These results confirm that machine learning methods could provide efficient and effective tools to reinforce the automatic decision-making processes of STT diagnostics.展开更多
Stable soft tissue integration around the implant abutment attenuates pathogen penetration,protects underlying bone tissue,prevents peri-implantitis and is essential in maintaining long-term implant stability.The desi...Stable soft tissue integration around the implant abutment attenuates pathogen penetration,protects underlying bone tissue,prevents peri-implantitis and is essential in maintaining long-term implant stability.The desire for“metal free”and“aesthetic restoration”has favored zirconia over titanium abutments,especially for implant restorations in the anterior region and for patients with thin gingival biotype.Soft tissue attachment to the zirconia abutment surface remains a challenge.A comprehensive review of advances in zirconia surface treatment(micro-design)and structural design(macro-design)affecting soft tissue attachment is presented and strategies and research directions are discussed.Soft tissue models for abutment research are described.Guidelines for development of zirconia abutment surfaces that promote soft tissue integration and evidence-based references to inform clinical choice of abutment structure and postoperative maintenance are presented.展开更多
In endoscopic surgery,the limited field of view and the nonlinear deformation of organs caused by patient movement and respiration significantly complicate the modeling and accurate tracking of soft tissue surfaces fr...In endoscopic surgery,the limited field of view and the nonlinear deformation of organs caused by patient movement and respiration significantly complicate the modeling and accurate tracking of soft tissue surfaces from endoscopic image sequences.To address these challenges,we propose a novel Hybrid Triangular Matching(HTM)modeling framework for soft tissue feature tracking.Specifically,HTM constructs a geometric model of the detected blobs on the soft tissue surface by applying the Watershed algorithm for blob detection and integrating the Delaunay triangulation with a newly designed triangle search segmentation algorithm.By leveraging barycentric coordinate theory,HTMrapidly and accurately establishes inter-frame correspondences within the triangulated model,enabling stable feature tracking without explicit markers or extensive training data.Experimental results on endoscopic sequences demonstrate that this model-based tracking approach achieves lower computational complexity,maintains robustness against tissue deformation,and provides a scalable geometric modeling method for real-time soft tissue tracking in surgical computer vision.展开更多
During restorative dental procedures,complete control over the operative site is critical for patient comfort,safety,and the operator’s access and visibility.The success of a fixed prosthesis depends on accurate impr...During restorative dental procedures,complete control over the operative site is critical for patient comfort,safety,and the operator’s access and visibility.The success of a fixed prosthesis depends on accurate impression making of the prepared finish lines on the abutment teeth.To optimise long-term outcomes for the fixed restoration,gingival retraction techniques should be used to decrease the marginal discrepancy among the restoration and the prepared abutment.Accurate marginal positioning of the restoration along the prepared finish line of the abutment is essential for therapeutic,preventive,and aesthetic purposes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Osteoporotic vertebral fracture(OVF)is one of the most common sequelae of osteoporosis.Differential diagnosis between OVF and malignant vertebral fracture(MVF)is a challenge in clinical practice.Findings on...BACKGROUND Osteoporotic vertebral fracture(OVF)is one of the most common sequelae of osteoporosis.Differential diagnosis between OVF and malignant vertebral fracture(MVF)is a challenge in clinical practice.Findings on computed tomography and magnetic resonance images(MRI)may help to differentiate between these two types of fracture.AIM To determine whether paravertebral soft tissue swelling is useful for differentiation between OVF and MVF.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the MRI for 165 patients diagnosed with a vertebral fracture between May 2021 and July 2022.Three radiologists evaluated the vertebral segments and thickness of soft tissue swelling on sagittal MRI by consensus.The morphology of the soft tissue swelling was also evaluated.The statistical analyses were performed using theχ^(2) test and analysis of variance.RESULTS The study included 117 patients(153 vertebrae)with OVF and 48 patients(63 vertebrae)with MVF.Soft tissue swelling was observed beneath the anterior longitudinal ligament on sagittal MRI and rim-shaped in the paravertebral area on axial MRI in all 153 vertebrae with OVF(100%)and in 12(19%)of the 63 vertebra with MVF;the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001),95%CI:3.156–8.735.Soft tissue swelling beneath the anterior longitudinal ligament spanned significantly more vertebral segments in patients with OVF than in those with MVF(P<0.001),95%CI:0.932-1.546.The mean thickness of the soft tissue swelling was significantly greater for OVF than for MVF(5.62 mm±2.50 mm vs 3.88 mm±1.73 mm,P<0.05,95%CI:0.681–0.920).Post-contrast examination was performed in 13 patients;T1-weighted images confirmed OVF in 11 cases and MVF in 2 cases.Soft tissue swelling in OVF and MVF had a fusiform appearance or appeared as a thin line on sagittal MRI and was rim-shaped on axial MRI.The length and diameter of the soft tissue swelling in patients with OVF decreased during follow-up.CONCLUSION Paravertebral soft tissue swelling is helpful for differentiating between OVF and MVF.展开更多
Alveolar soft tissue sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of soft tissue,more common in young women,with deep soft tissues in the limbs and buttocks being the most prevalent sites.There are few reported cases in clinical...Alveolar soft tissue sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of soft tissue,more common in young women,with deep soft tissues in the limbs and buttocks being the most prevalent sites.There are few reported cases in clinical practice.The clinical manifestations lack specificity and the imaging signs are diverse.This case presents ultrasound,MRI and PET/CT images of alveolar soft tissue sarcoma of the gluteus maximus muscle to enhance readers’understanding and awareness of the imaging signs of this rare disease in order to raise awareness of its diagnosis.The characteristics of this case are summarized and reported in combination with domestic literature.展开更多
Soft tissue sarcomas(STS)are rare malignant tumors originating from mesoder-mal tissues with a poor prognosis,accounting for approximately 1%of all malig-nancies and comprising around 50 distinct subtypes.Conventional...Soft tissue sarcomas(STS)are rare malignant tumors originating from mesoder-mal tissues with a poor prognosis,accounting for approximately 1%of all malig-nancies and comprising around 50 distinct subtypes.Conventional imaging mo-dalities,such as computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),primarily provide anatomical information,whereas 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT(18F-FDG PET/CT)integrates functional metabolic and anatomical imaging,serving as a critical complementary tool in the diagnosis and management of STS.This article reviews recent advances in the application of 18F-FDG PET/CT for STS.The advantages of 18F-FDG PET/CT in STS include:(1)Early detection of metabolic activity changes in tumors,partic-ularly when morphological alterations are insignificant;(2)Effective differen-tiation between benign and malignant soft tissue tumors,as well as aiding in distinguishing high-grade from low-grade sarcomas;(3)Identification of occult metastatic lesions,improving staging accuracy,and facilitating restaging in cases of recurrence or metastasis;(4)Utilization of parameters such as maximum stan-dardized uptake value and metabolic tumor volume to assist in tumor grading and prognostic evaluation;and(5)Monitoring treatment response to guide adjust-ments in personalized therapeutic strategies.However,18F-FDG PET/CT has limitations in diagnosis of certain STS subtypes(e.g.,myxoid liposarcoma),detection and biopsy of metastatic lymph nodes,necessitating integration with clinical evaluation and other imaging techniques.18F-FDG PET/CT is poised to play an increasingly vital role in the precision diagnosis and treatment of STS.展开更多
Several problems about acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of soft tissue injury are probed in the present paper. The author holds that for treatment of soft tissue injury with acupuncture and moxibustion, first...Several problems about acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of soft tissue injury are probed in the present paper. The author holds that for treatment of soft tissue injury with acupuncture and moxibustion, firstly, must clarify the lesion location, so as to understand pathogenic characteristics and select the best acupuncture forcing point; secondly, must distinguish different stages of the disease, so as to select the best proper acupuncture stimulation method according to different pathological mechanisms in acute and chronic stages. Finally, the author analyzes different stimulation characteristics and indications according to own experience on clinical commonly-used several acupuncture and moxibustion stimulation methods such as filiform needle, acupoint injection, micro-needle therapy including ear acupuncture, abdomen acupuncture, eye acupuncture and so on, and blood-letting puncturing and cupping, fire needle and small needle-knife, and puts forward own treatment points of view.展开更多
Dear Editor,Idiopathic orbital inflammation(IOI),also known as orbital inflammatory pseudotumor,is a relatively common orbital disorder[1].Its pathogenesis remains unclear,often regarded as a nonspecific immune-mediat...Dear Editor,Idiopathic orbital inflammation(IOI),also known as orbital inflammatory pseudotumor,is a relatively common orbital disorder[1].Its pathogenesis remains unclear,often regarded as a nonspecific immune-mediated response[2].IOI presents with symptoms such as pain,photophobia,proptosis,eyelid swelling,edema,conjunctival congestion,and diplopia,with possible vision loss occurring in some cases.Based on the soft tissue structures involved,IOI can be classified into subtypes such as myositis,optic neuritis,dacryoadenitis,diffuse orbital inflammation,and orbital inflammatory masses[2].展开更多
Cold therapy has been used regularly as an immediate treatment to induce analgesia following acute soft-tissue injuries,however,a prolonged ice application has proved to delay the start of the healing and lengthen the...Cold therapy has been used regularly as an immediate treatment to induce analgesia following acute soft-tissue injuries,however,a prolonged ice application has proved to delay the start of the healing and lengthen the recovery process.Hyperbaric gaseous cryotherapy,also known as neurocryostimulation,has shown the ability to overcome most of the limitations of traditional cold therapy,and meanwhile promotes the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects well,but the current existing studies have shown conflicting results on its effects.Traditional cold therapy still has beneficial effect especially when injuries are severe and swelling is the limiting factor for recovery after soft-tissue injuries,and therefore no need to be entirely put out to pasture in the rehabilitation practice.Strong randomized controlled trials with good methodological quality are still needed in the future to evaluate the effects of different cryotherapy modalities.展开更多
Intercellular interactions play a significant role in a wide range of biological functions and processes at both the cellular and tissue scales, for example, embryogenesis, organogenesis, and cancer invasion. In this ...Intercellular interactions play a significant role in a wide range of biological functions and processes at both the cellular and tissue scales, for example, embryogenesis, organogenesis, and cancer invasion. In this paper, a dynamic cellular vertex model is presented to study the morphomechanics of a growing epithelial monolayer. The regulating role of stresses in soft tissue growth is revealed. It is found that the cells originating from the same parent cell in the monolayer can orchestrate into clustering patterns as the tissue grows. Collective cell migration exhibits a feature of spatial correlation across multiple cells. Dynamic intercellular interactions can engender a variety of distinct tissue behaviors in a social context. Uniform cell proliferation may render high and heterogeneous residual compressive stresses, while stress-regulated proliferation can effectively release the stresses, reducing the stress heterogeneity in the tissue. The results highlight the critical role of mechanical factors in the growth and morphogenesis of epithelial tissues and help understand the development and invasion of epithelial tumors.展开更多
BACKGROUND:After pancreaticoduodenectomy,the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula remains high,especially in patients with 'soft' pancreatic tissue remnants.No 'gold standard' surgical techniq...BACKGROUND:After pancreaticoduodenectomy,the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula remains high,especially in patients with 'soft' pancreatic tissue remnants.No 'gold standard' surgical technique for pancreaticoenteric anastomosis has been established.This study aimed to compare the postoperative morbidity and mortality of pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy for 'soft' pancreatic tissue remnants using modified mattress sutures.METHODS:Seventy-five patients who had undergone pancreaticogastrostomy and 75 who had undergone pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2002 and 2008 were retrospectively compared using matched-pair analysis.A modified mattress suture technique was used for the pancreaticoenteric anastomosis.Patients with an underlying 'hard' pancreatic tissue remnant,as in chronic pancreatitis,were excluded.Both groups were homogeneous for age,gender,and underlying disease.Postoperative morbidity,mortality,and preoperative and operative data were analyzed.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between the groups for the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (10.7% in both).Postoperative morbidity and mortality,median operation time,median length of hospital stay,intraoperative blood loss,and the amount of intraoperatively transfused erythrocyte concentrates also did not significantly differ between the groups.Patient age >65 years (P=0.017),operation time >350minutes (P=0.001),and intraoperative transfusion of erythrocyte concentrates (P=0.038) were identified as risk factors for postoperative morbidity.CONCLUSIONS:Our results showed no significant differences between the groups in the pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis techniques using mattress sutures for 'soft' pancreatic tissue remnants.In our experience,the mattress sutures are safe and simple to use,and pancreaticogastrostomy in particular is feasible and easy to learn,with good endoscopic accessibility to the anastomosis region.However,the location of the anastomosis and the surgical technique need to be individually evaluated to further reduce the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula.展开更多
Summary： In this study we present our experiences with the reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap to reconstruct the distal lower limb soft tissue defects caused by traumatic injuries. These flap graftings were carried o...Summary： In this study we present our experiences with the reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap to reconstruct the distal lower limb soft tissue defects caused by traumatic injuries. These flap graftings were carried out from Oct. 2010 to Dec. 2012 in our department. The series consisted of 36 patients, including 21 men and 15 women with an average age of 46.2 years （14-83 years） and with a medium followp period of 18 months （12-24 months）. Of all the cases of acute trauma, there were 10 eases of trauma of distal tibia, 9 cases of trauma of perimalleolus, and 17 cases of trauma of midfoot and forefoot. Related risk factors in the patients were diabetes （2 cases）, advanced age （〉65 years, 3 cases） and ciga- rette smoking （6 cases）. The reverse flow sural island flap irrigation depended on lower perforators of the peroneal artery. The fasciocutaneous pedicle was 3-4 cm in width and the anatomical structures consisted of the superficial and deep fascia, the sural nerve, short saphenous vein, superficial sural artery together with an islet of subcutaneous cellular tissue and skin. The most proximal border of the flap was only 1.5 cm away from the popliteal skin crease and the pivot point was 5-7 cm above the tip of the lateral malleolus. All the flaps survived. No arterial crisis occurred in any case. The venous congestion occurred in 2 cases and got better after raising the limbs and bloodletting. Only in an old man, 1.5 cm necrosis of distal margin of his flap occurred and finally healed after continuous dressing change. One-stage skin grafting was performed, and all the donor sites were sutured and successfully healed. It was concluded that the reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap is safe and reliable to extend to the proximal third even near the popliteal skin crease. We also concluded this flap can be safely and efficiently used to treat patients with large and far soft-tissue defects from the distal leg to the forefoot with more versatility and it is easier to reach the recipient sites.展开更多
Elasticity is of profound significance to evaluating the function of a biological soft tissue. When the elasticity of a tissue is macroscopically changed, it means that the biological function of the tissue is abnorma...Elasticity is of profound significance to evaluating the function of a biological soft tissue. When the elasticity of a tissue is macroscopically changed, it means that the biological function of the tissue is abnormal and some disease or injury may occur. In the present work, an elastometer is developed to measure the elasticity of biological soft tissues. The measurement is based on the indentation method and the force is measured by the bending of the cantilever. The force-indentation data of the soft tissue is experimentally measured by this elastometer and Young＇s modulus of the tissue is calculated using the Hertz-Sneddon model. For comparison, a numerical model for the indentation method is established using the finite element method. The difference between the actual modulus and the measured modulus is discussed. The effect of the thickness of the specimen on the measurement is investigated. Young＇s moduli of beef, porcine liver and porcine kidney are experimentally measured. The results indicate that our elastometer is effective in measuring Young＇s modulus of a soft tissue quantitatively.展开更多
Following dental implantation,the characteristic bacterial milieu of the oral cavity may lead to peri-implant inflammation,which can negatively impact osseointegration and cause implant failure.To improve soft tissue ...Following dental implantation,the characteristic bacterial milieu of the oral cavity may lead to peri-implant inflammation,which can negatively impact osseointegration and cause implant failure.To improve soft tissue sealing around the implant,enhance osseointegration,and improve implant success rates,this paper proposes a composite multifunctional coating(PHG)prepared using gelatin and polydopamine/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles,investigates the effects of this novel coating on cell adhesion,proliferation,antibacterial activity,osteogenic differentiation,and evaluates its immune-related properties.The PHG coating was proved to have satisfactory hydrophilicity and wettability for cell attachment.Furthermore,it improved the expression of adhesion-related genes and proteins in human gingival fibroblasts,indicating its adhesion-promoting effect.Additionally,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exhibited strong osteogenic differentiation potential and mineralization on PHG-coated surfaces.Notably,the PHG coating exhibited antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans,as well as anti-inflammatory effects,potentially via the regulation of macrophages.Therefore,the proposed PHG coating may promote soft tissue sealing and bone bonding,providing a potential strategy for the surface modification of dental implants.展开更多
In order to solve the problem of high computing cost and low simulation accuracy caused by discontinuity of incision in traditional meshless model,this paper proposes a soft tissue deformation model based on the Marqu...In order to solve the problem of high computing cost and low simulation accuracy caused by discontinuity of incision in traditional meshless model,this paper proposes a soft tissue deformation model based on the Marquardt algorithm and enrichment function.The model is based on the element-free Galerkin method,in which Kelvin viscoelastic model and adjustment function are integrated.Marquardt algorithm is applied to fit the relation between force and displacement caused by surface deformation,and the enrichment function is applied to deal with the discontinuity in the meshless method.To verify the validity of the model,the Sensable Phantom Omni force tactile interactive device is used to simulate the deformations of stomach and heart.Experimental results show that the proposed model improves the real-time performance and accuracy of soft tissue deformation simulation,which provides a new perspective for the application of the meshless method in virtual surgery.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2241273)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z240017)+3 种基金the 111 project(Grant No.B13003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe China Scholarship Councilthe Academic Excellence Foundation of BUAA for PhD Students.
文摘The mechanical properties of biological soft tissues play a critical role in the study of biomechanics and the development of protective measures against human injury.Various testing techniques at different scales have been employed to characterize the mechanical behavior of soft tissues,which is essential for developing accurate tissue simulants and numerical models.This review comprehensively explores the mechanical properties of soft tissues,examining experimental methods,mechanical models,numerical simulations,and the progress in materials that mimic the mechanical performance of soft tissues.Finally,it reviews the damage and protection of human tissues under kinetic impacts,anticipating the future construction of soft tissue surrogate targets.The aim is to provide a systematic theoretical foundation and the latest advancements in the field,addressing the design,preparation,and quantitative modeling of biomimetic materials,thereby promoting the in-depth development of soft tissue mechanics and its applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10972112 and 11172155)Tsinghua University973 Program (2010CB631005)
文摘This paper explores growth induced morphological instabilities in biological soft materials. In view of that the growth of a living tissue not only changes its geometry but also can alter its mechanical properties, we suggest a refined volumetric growth model incorporating the effects of growth on the mechanical properties of materials. Analogy between this volumetric growth model and the conventional thermal stress model is addressed for both small and finite de- formation problems, which brings great ease for the finite element analysis based on the suggested model. Examples of growth induced surface wrinkling behavior in soft composites, including core- shell soft cylinders and three-layered soft tissues, are explored. The results and discussions foresee possible applications of the model in understanding the correlation between the morphogenesis and growth of soft biological tissues （e.g. skins and tumors）, as well as in evaluating the defor- mation and surface instability behavior of soft artificial materials induced by swelling/shrinkage.
基金Support by Sichuan Science and Technology Program[2023YFSY0026,2023YFH0004]Guangzhou Huashang University[2024HSZD01,HS2023JYSZH01].
文摘Soft-tissue motion introduces significant challenges in robotic teleoperation,especially in medical scenarios where precise target tracking is critical.Latency across sensing,computation,and actuation chains leads to degraded tracking performance,particularly around high-acceleration segments and trajectory inflection points.This study investigates machine learning-based predictive compensation for latency mitigation in soft-tissue tracking.Three models—autoregressive(AR),long short-term memory(LSTM),and temporal convolutional network(TCN)—were implemented and evaluated on both synthetic and real datasets.By aligning the prediction horizon with the end-to-end system delay,we demonstrate that prediction-based compensation significantly reduces tracking errors.Among the models,TCN achieved superior robustness and accuracy on complex motion patterns,particularly in multi-step prediction tasks,and exhibited better latency–horizon compatibility.The results suggest that TCN is a promising candidate for real-time latency compensation in teleoperated robotic systems involving dynamic soft-tissue interaction.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32171345,T2288101,U20A20390,and 11827803)Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation(No.141039)+1 种基金International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering,Ministry of Science and Technology of China,the 111 Project(No.B13003)the Academic Excellence Foundation of BUAA for PhD Students.
文摘Postoperative adhesion(POA)widely occurs in soft tissues and usually leads to chronic pain,dysfunction of adjacent organs and some acute complications,seriously reducing patients’quality of life and even being life-threatening.Except for adhesiolysis,there are few effective methods to release existing adhesion.However,it requires a second operation and inpatient care and usually triggers recurrent adhesion in a great incidence.Hence,preventing POA formation has been regarded as the most effective clinical strategy.Biomaterials have attracted great attention in preventing POA because they can act as both barriers and drug carriers.Nevertheless,even though much reported research has been demonstrated their efficacy on POA inhibition to a certain extent,thoroughly preventing POA formation is still challenging.Meanwhile,most biomaterials for POA prevention were designed based on limited experiences,not a solid theoretical basis,showing blindness.Hence,we aimed to provide guidance for designing anti-adhesion materials applied in different soft tissues based on the mechanisms of POA occurrence and development.We first classified the postoperative adhesions into four categories according to the different components of diverse adhesion tissues,and named them as“membranous adhesion”,“vascular adhesion”,“adhesive adhesion”and“scarred adhesion”,respectively.Then,the process of the occurrence and development of POA were analyzed,and the main influencing factors in different stages were clarified.Further,we proposed seven strategies for POA prevention by using biomaterials according to these influencing factors.Meanwhile,the relevant practices were summarized according to the corresponding strategies and the future perspectives were analyzed.
文摘Soft Tissue Tumors(STT)are a form of sarcoma found in tissues that connect,support,and surround body structures.Because of their shallow frequency in the body and their great diversity,they appear to be heterogeneous when observed through Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI).They are easily confused with other diseases such as fibroadenoma mammae,lymphadenopathy,and struma nodosa,and these diagnostic errors have a considerable detrimental effect on the medical treatment process of patients.Researchers have proposed several machine learning models to classify tumors,but none have adequately addressed this misdiagnosis problem.Also,similar studies that have proposed models for evaluation of such tumors mostly do not consider the heterogeneity and the size of the data.Therefore,we propose a machine learning-based approach which combines a new technique of preprocessing the data for features transformation,resampling techniques to eliminate the bias and the deviation of instability and performing classifier tests based on the Support Vector Machine(SVM)and Decision Tree(DT)algorithms.The tests carried out on dataset collected in Nur Hidayah Hospital of Yogyakarta in Indonesia show a great improvement compared to previous studies.These results confirm that machine learning methods could provide efficient and effective tools to reinforce the automatic decision-making processes of STT diagnostics.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(grants 81720108011,82071169,82100971).
文摘Stable soft tissue integration around the implant abutment attenuates pathogen penetration,protects underlying bone tissue,prevents peri-implantitis and is essential in maintaining long-term implant stability.The desire for“metal free”and“aesthetic restoration”has favored zirconia over titanium abutments,especially for implant restorations in the anterior region and for patients with thin gingival biotype.Soft tissue attachment to the zirconia abutment surface remains a challenge.A comprehensive review of advances in zirconia surface treatment(micro-design)and structural design(macro-design)affecting soft tissue attachment is presented and strategies and research directions are discussed.Soft tissue models for abutment research are described.Guidelines for development of zirconia abutment surfaces that promote soft tissue integration and evidence-based references to inform clinical choice of abutment structure and postoperative maintenance are presented.
基金Support by Sichuan Science and Technology Program[2023YFSY0026,2023YFH0004].
文摘In endoscopic surgery,the limited field of view and the nonlinear deformation of organs caused by patient movement and respiration significantly complicate the modeling and accurate tracking of soft tissue surfaces from endoscopic image sequences.To address these challenges,we propose a novel Hybrid Triangular Matching(HTM)modeling framework for soft tissue feature tracking.Specifically,HTM constructs a geometric model of the detected blobs on the soft tissue surface by applying the Watershed algorithm for blob detection and integrating the Delaunay triangulation with a newly designed triangle search segmentation algorithm.By leveraging barycentric coordinate theory,HTMrapidly and accurately establishes inter-frame correspondences within the triangulated model,enabling stable feature tracking without explicit markers or extensive training data.Experimental results on endoscopic sequences demonstrate that this model-based tracking approach achieves lower computational complexity,maintains robustness against tissue deformation,and provides a scalable geometric modeling method for real-time soft tissue tracking in surgical computer vision.
文摘During restorative dental procedures,complete control over the operative site is critical for patient comfort,safety,and the operator’s access and visibility.The success of a fixed prosthesis depends on accurate impression making of the prepared finish lines on the abutment teeth.To optimise long-term outcomes for the fixed restoration,gingival retraction techniques should be used to decrease the marginal discrepancy among the restoration and the prepared abutment.Accurate marginal positioning of the restoration along the prepared finish line of the abutment is essential for therapeutic,preventive,and aesthetic purposes.
基金approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Affiliated hospital of Qingdao University(No.QYFYWZLL29413/dated 5rd September 2023),and all patient requirements for informed consent were waived.
文摘BACKGROUND Osteoporotic vertebral fracture(OVF)is one of the most common sequelae of osteoporosis.Differential diagnosis between OVF and malignant vertebral fracture(MVF)is a challenge in clinical practice.Findings on computed tomography and magnetic resonance images(MRI)may help to differentiate between these two types of fracture.AIM To determine whether paravertebral soft tissue swelling is useful for differentiation between OVF and MVF.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the MRI for 165 patients diagnosed with a vertebral fracture between May 2021 and July 2022.Three radiologists evaluated the vertebral segments and thickness of soft tissue swelling on sagittal MRI by consensus.The morphology of the soft tissue swelling was also evaluated.The statistical analyses were performed using theχ^(2) test and analysis of variance.RESULTS The study included 117 patients(153 vertebrae)with OVF and 48 patients(63 vertebrae)with MVF.Soft tissue swelling was observed beneath the anterior longitudinal ligament on sagittal MRI and rim-shaped in the paravertebral area on axial MRI in all 153 vertebrae with OVF(100%)and in 12(19%)of the 63 vertebra with MVF;the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001),95%CI:3.156–8.735.Soft tissue swelling beneath the anterior longitudinal ligament spanned significantly more vertebral segments in patients with OVF than in those with MVF(P<0.001),95%CI:0.932-1.546.The mean thickness of the soft tissue swelling was significantly greater for OVF than for MVF(5.62 mm±2.50 mm vs 3.88 mm±1.73 mm,P<0.05,95%CI:0.681–0.920).Post-contrast examination was performed in 13 patients;T1-weighted images confirmed OVF in 11 cases and MVF in 2 cases.Soft tissue swelling in OVF and MVF had a fusiform appearance or appeared as a thin line on sagittal MRI and was rim-shaped on axial MRI.The length and diameter of the soft tissue swelling in patients with OVF decreased during follow-up.CONCLUSION Paravertebral soft tissue swelling is helpful for differentiating between OVF and MVF.
文摘Alveolar soft tissue sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of soft tissue,more common in young women,with deep soft tissues in the limbs and buttocks being the most prevalent sites.There are few reported cases in clinical practice.The clinical manifestations lack specificity and the imaging signs are diverse.This case presents ultrasound,MRI and PET/CT images of alveolar soft tissue sarcoma of the gluteus maximus muscle to enhance readers’understanding and awareness of the imaging signs of this rare disease in order to raise awareness of its diagnosis.The characteristics of this case are summarized and reported in combination with domestic literature.
文摘Soft tissue sarcomas(STS)are rare malignant tumors originating from mesoder-mal tissues with a poor prognosis,accounting for approximately 1%of all malig-nancies and comprising around 50 distinct subtypes.Conventional imaging mo-dalities,such as computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),primarily provide anatomical information,whereas 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT(18F-FDG PET/CT)integrates functional metabolic and anatomical imaging,serving as a critical complementary tool in the diagnosis and management of STS.This article reviews recent advances in the application of 18F-FDG PET/CT for STS.The advantages of 18F-FDG PET/CT in STS include:(1)Early detection of metabolic activity changes in tumors,partic-ularly when morphological alterations are insignificant;(2)Effective differen-tiation between benign and malignant soft tissue tumors,as well as aiding in distinguishing high-grade from low-grade sarcomas;(3)Identification of occult metastatic lesions,improving staging accuracy,and facilitating restaging in cases of recurrence or metastasis;(4)Utilization of parameters such as maximum stan-dardized uptake value and metabolic tumor volume to assist in tumor grading and prognostic evaluation;and(5)Monitoring treatment response to guide adjust-ments in personalized therapeutic strategies.However,18F-FDG PET/CT has limitations in diagnosis of certain STS subtypes(e.g.,myxoid liposarcoma),detection and biopsy of metastatic lymph nodes,necessitating integration with clinical evaluation and other imaging techniques.18F-FDG PET/CT is poised to play an increasingly vital role in the precision diagnosis and treatment of STS.
文摘Several problems about acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of soft tissue injury are probed in the present paper. The author holds that for treatment of soft tissue injury with acupuncture and moxibustion, firstly, must clarify the lesion location, so as to understand pathogenic characteristics and select the best acupuncture forcing point; secondly, must distinguish different stages of the disease, so as to select the best proper acupuncture stimulation method according to different pathological mechanisms in acute and chronic stages. Finally, the author analyzes different stimulation characteristics and indications according to own experience on clinical commonly-used several acupuncture and moxibustion stimulation methods such as filiform needle, acupoint injection, micro-needle therapy including ear acupuncture, abdomen acupuncture, eye acupuncture and so on, and blood-letting puncturing and cupping, fire needle and small needle-knife, and puts forward own treatment points of view.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82388101,No.81930024)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai(No.22YS1400400,No.20DZ2270800).
文摘Dear Editor,Idiopathic orbital inflammation(IOI),also known as orbital inflammatory pseudotumor,is a relatively common orbital disorder[1].Its pathogenesis remains unclear,often regarded as a nonspecific immune-mediated response[2].IOI presents with symptoms such as pain,photophobia,proptosis,eyelid swelling,edema,conjunctival congestion,and diplopia,with possible vision loss occurring in some cases.Based on the soft tissue structures involved,IOI can be classified into subtypes such as myositis,optic neuritis,dacryoadenitis,diffuse orbital inflammation,and orbital inflammatory masses[2].
文摘Cold therapy has been used regularly as an immediate treatment to induce analgesia following acute soft-tissue injuries,however,a prolonged ice application has proved to delay the start of the healing and lengthen the recovery process.Hyperbaric gaseous cryotherapy,also known as neurocryostimulation,has shown the ability to overcome most of the limitations of traditional cold therapy,and meanwhile promotes the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects well,but the current existing studies have shown conflicting results on its effects.Traditional cold therapy still has beneficial effect especially when injuries are severe and swelling is the limiting factor for recovery after soft-tissue injuries,and therefore no need to be entirely put out to pasture in the rehabilitation practice.Strong randomized controlled trials with good methodological quality are still needed in the future to evaluate the effects of different cryotherapy modalities.
基金Supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 11432008,11542005,11672161,and 11620101001)Tsinghua University(Grant 20151080441)Thousand Young Talents Program of China are acknowledged
文摘Intercellular interactions play a significant role in a wide range of biological functions and processes at both the cellular and tissue scales, for example, embryogenesis, organogenesis, and cancer invasion. In this paper, a dynamic cellular vertex model is presented to study the morphomechanics of a growing epithelial monolayer. The regulating role of stresses in soft tissue growth is revealed. It is found that the cells originating from the same parent cell in the monolayer can orchestrate into clustering patterns as the tissue grows. Collective cell migration exhibits a feature of spatial correlation across multiple cells. Dynamic intercellular interactions can engender a variety of distinct tissue behaviors in a social context. Uniform cell proliferation may render high and heterogeneous residual compressive stresses, while stress-regulated proliferation can effectively release the stresses, reducing the stress heterogeneity in the tissue. The results highlight the critical role of mechanical factors in the growth and morphogenesis of epithelial tissues and help understand the development and invasion of epithelial tumors.
文摘BACKGROUND:After pancreaticoduodenectomy,the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula remains high,especially in patients with 'soft' pancreatic tissue remnants.No 'gold standard' surgical technique for pancreaticoenteric anastomosis has been established.This study aimed to compare the postoperative morbidity and mortality of pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy for 'soft' pancreatic tissue remnants using modified mattress sutures.METHODS:Seventy-five patients who had undergone pancreaticogastrostomy and 75 who had undergone pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2002 and 2008 were retrospectively compared using matched-pair analysis.A modified mattress suture technique was used for the pancreaticoenteric anastomosis.Patients with an underlying 'hard' pancreatic tissue remnant,as in chronic pancreatitis,were excluded.Both groups were homogeneous for age,gender,and underlying disease.Postoperative morbidity,mortality,and preoperative and operative data were analyzed.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between the groups for the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (10.7% in both).Postoperative morbidity and mortality,median operation time,median length of hospital stay,intraoperative blood loss,and the amount of intraoperatively transfused erythrocyte concentrates also did not significantly differ between the groups.Patient age >65 years (P=0.017),operation time >350minutes (P=0.001),and intraoperative transfusion of erythrocyte concentrates (P=0.038) were identified as risk factors for postoperative morbidity.CONCLUSIONS:Our results showed no significant differences between the groups in the pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis techniques using mattress sutures for 'soft' pancreatic tissue remnants.In our experience,the mattress sutures are safe and simple to use,and pancreaticogastrostomy in particular is feasible and easy to learn,with good endoscopic accessibility to the anastomosis region.However,the location of the anastomosis and the surgical technique need to be individually evaluated to further reduce the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula.
文摘Summary： In this study we present our experiences with the reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap to reconstruct the distal lower limb soft tissue defects caused by traumatic injuries. These flap graftings were carried out from Oct. 2010 to Dec. 2012 in our department. The series consisted of 36 patients, including 21 men and 15 women with an average age of 46.2 years （14-83 years） and with a medium followp period of 18 months （12-24 months）. Of all the cases of acute trauma, there were 10 eases of trauma of distal tibia, 9 cases of trauma of perimalleolus, and 17 cases of trauma of midfoot and forefoot. Related risk factors in the patients were diabetes （2 cases）, advanced age （〉65 years, 3 cases） and ciga- rette smoking （6 cases）. The reverse flow sural island flap irrigation depended on lower perforators of the peroneal artery. The fasciocutaneous pedicle was 3-4 cm in width and the anatomical structures consisted of the superficial and deep fascia, the sural nerve, short saphenous vein, superficial sural artery together with an islet of subcutaneous cellular tissue and skin. The most proximal border of the flap was only 1.5 cm away from the popliteal skin crease and the pivot point was 5-7 cm above the tip of the lateral malleolus. All the flaps survived. No arterial crisis occurred in any case. The venous congestion occurred in 2 cases and got better after raising the limbs and bloodletting. Only in an old man, 1.5 cm necrosis of distal margin of his flap occurred and finally healed after continuous dressing change. One-stage skin grafting was performed, and all the donor sites were sutured and successfully healed. It was concluded that the reverse sural fasciocutaneous flap is safe and reliable to extend to the proximal third even near the popliteal skin crease. We also concluded this flap can be safely and efficiently used to treat patients with large and far soft-tissue defects from the distal leg to the forefoot with more versatility and it is easier to reach the recipient sites.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11274342,11304353,11404245 and 11474042
文摘Elasticity is of profound significance to evaluating the function of a biological soft tissue. When the elasticity of a tissue is macroscopically changed, it means that the biological function of the tissue is abnormal and some disease or injury may occur. In the present work, an elastometer is developed to measure the elasticity of biological soft tissues. The measurement is based on the indentation method and the force is measured by the bending of the cantilever. The force-indentation data of the soft tissue is experimentally measured by this elastometer and Young＇s modulus of the tissue is calculated using the Hertz-Sneddon model. For comparison, a numerical model for the indentation method is established using the finite element method. The difference between the actual modulus and the measured modulus is discussed. The effect of the thickness of the specimen on the measurement is investigated. Young＇s moduli of beef, porcine liver and porcine kidney are experimentally measured. The results indicate that our elastometer is effective in measuring Young＇s modulus of a soft tissue quantitatively.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81801006,31870953,81901048,81620108006,81991505,81921002,81801023,and 82100963)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(21QA1405400)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1102900)Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai(No.SSMU-ZDCX20180900)。
文摘Following dental implantation,the characteristic bacterial milieu of the oral cavity may lead to peri-implant inflammation,which can negatively impact osseointegration and cause implant failure.To improve soft tissue sealing around the implant,enhance osseointegration,and improve implant success rates,this paper proposes a composite multifunctional coating(PHG)prepared using gelatin and polydopamine/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles,investigates the effects of this novel coating on cell adhesion,proliferation,antibacterial activity,osteogenic differentiation,and evaluates its immune-related properties.The PHG coating was proved to have satisfactory hydrophilicity and wettability for cell attachment.Furthermore,it improved the expression of adhesion-related genes and proteins in human gingival fibroblasts,indicating its adhesion-promoting effect.Additionally,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exhibited strong osteogenic differentiation potential and mineralization on PHG-coated surfaces.Notably,the PHG coating exhibited antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans,as well as anti-inflammatory effects,potentially via the regulation of macrophages.Therefore,the proposed PHG coating may promote soft tissue sealing and bone bonding,providing a potential strategy for the surface modification of dental implants.
基金This work was supported,in part,by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under grant numbers 61502240,61502096,61304205,61773219in part,by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under grant number BK20191401+1 种基金in part,by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)fundin part,by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET)fund.
文摘In order to solve the problem of high computing cost and low simulation accuracy caused by discontinuity of incision in traditional meshless model,this paper proposes a soft tissue deformation model based on the Marquardt algorithm and enrichment function.The model is based on the element-free Galerkin method,in which Kelvin viscoelastic model and adjustment function are integrated.Marquardt algorithm is applied to fit the relation between force and displacement caused by surface deformation,and the enrichment function is applied to deal with the discontinuity in the meshless method.To verify the validity of the model,the Sensable Phantom Omni force tactile interactive device is used to simulate the deformations of stomach and heart.Experimental results show that the proposed model improves the real-time performance and accuracy of soft tissue deformation simulation,which provides a new perspective for the application of the meshless method in virtual surgery.
