The conservation of aquatic systems is closely linked to the maintenance and improvement of aquaculture products'yield and quality.In this experiment,a high-quality aquatic system was established,comprising Litope...The conservation of aquatic systems is closely linked to the maintenance and improvement of aquaculture products'yield and quality.In this experiment,a high-quality aquatic system was established,comprising Litopenaeus vannamei as a model species and two strains of Bacillus(W1 and XYB4)combined with sodium humate under zero-water exchange conditions.The growth performance,enzyme activity,and aquatic system microbial environment of L.vannamei were analyzed.Results showed that the combination of sodium humate and Bacillus strains effectively enhanced environmental conditions for the growth and reproduction of heterotrophic bacteria while inhibiting the growth of Vibrio species,including green and yellow variants.Microbiome analysis showed that the group treated with Bacillus strains combined with sodium humate exhibited significantly higher relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota than the other groups.Correspondingly,this treatment group showed substantially enhanced weight gain rate,specific growth rate,survival rate,and feed coefficient.Moreover,the phenol oxidase,catalase,lysozyme,and superoxide dismutase indexes of shrimps subjected to Bacillus–sodium humate treatment were considerably higher than those of the control group.These findings confirm that the combination of Bacillus and sodium humate has beneficial effects on shrimp growth and aquatic system quality control,providing a promising strategy for enhancing the efficiency of shrimp farming and aquaculture.展开更多
Enantioselective intramolecular radical difunctionalization of alkenes involving sulfur dioxide through a three-component reaction of 4-arylpent-4-enoic acids,sodium hydrogen sulfite and thianthrenium salts under copp...Enantioselective intramolecular radical difunctionalization of alkenes involving sulfur dioxide through a three-component reaction of 4-arylpent-4-enoic acids,sodium hydrogen sulfite and thianthrenium salts under copper catalysis and photocatalysis is reported,allowing the construction of chiral 5-((sulfonyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-ones with β-quaternary stereocenters.During the transformation,sodium hydrogen sulfite is used as the sulfur dioxide surrogate.Excellent enantiocontrol(up to 99%ee)and wide functional group compatibility are observed in this asymmetric radical sulfonylation.展开更多
Hydrogen energy from electrocatalysis driven by sustainable energy has emerged as a solution against the background of carbon neutrality.Proton exchange membrane(PEM)-based electrocatalytic systems represent a promisi...Hydrogen energy from electrocatalysis driven by sustainable energy has emerged as a solution against the background of carbon neutrality.Proton exchange membrane(PEM)-based electrocatalytic systems represent a promising technology for hydrogen production,which is equipped to combine efficiently with intermittent electricity from renewable energy sources.In this review,PEM-based electrocatalytic systems for H2 production are summarized systematically from low to high operating temperature systems.When the operating temperature is below 130℃,the representative device is a PEM water electrolyzer;its core components and respective functions,research status,and design strategies of key materials especially in electrocatalysts are presented and discussed.However,strong acidity,highly oxidative operating conditions,and the sluggish kinetics of the anode reaction of PEM water electrolyzers have limited their further development and shifted our attention to higher operating temperature PEM systems.Increasing the temperature of PEM-based electrocatalytic systems can cause an increase in current density,accelerate reaction kinetics and gas transport and reduce the ohmic value,activation losses,ΔGH*,and power consumption.Moreover,further increasing the operating temperature(120-300℃)of PEM-based devices endows various hydrogen carriers(e.g.,methanol,ethanol,and ammonia)with electrolysis,offering a new opportunity to produce hydrogen using PEM-based electrocatalytic systems.Finally,several future directions and prospects for developing PEM-based electrocatalytic systems for H_(2) production are proposed through devoting more efforts to the key components of devices and reduction of costs.展开更多
Understanding the role of cations within the catalysts in the interfacial water behavior at the electrolyte/catalyst interface is of pivotal importance for designing advanced catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reacti...Understanding the role of cations within the catalysts in the interfacial water behavior at the electrolyte/catalyst interface is of pivotal importance for designing advanced catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),which remains obscure and requires deep probing.Herein,we demonstrate the first investigation of interfacial water behavior on the surface of a series of sodium tungsten bronzes(Na_(x)WO_(3),0_(x)WO_(3)/electrolyte interface.Our integrated studies indicate that the Na ions significantly enrich the electronic state of WO_(6)octahedrons in Na_(x)WO_(3),which leads to the regulated electronic and atomic structures,endowing Na_(x)WO_(3)with disordered interfacial water network containing more isolated H_(3)O^(+)and subsequently moderate H^(*)adsorption to speed the Volmer step at the Na_(x)WO_(3)surface,thus boosting the HER.Consequently,the intrinsic HER activities achieved on those Na_(x)WO_(3)are tens of times higher than those on WO_(3).Particularly,it is found that Na concentration x=0.69 endows Na_(x)WO_(3)with the highest intrinsic HER activity,and the resultant Na_(0.69)WO_(3)with a unique porous octahedral structure exhibits a low overpotential of only 64 mV at current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)in acidic electrolyte.This study provides the first insight into the cation-dependent interfacial water behavior induced by the cations within the catalyst and establishes the interfacial water-activity relationship of HER,thus allowing for the design of a more advanced catalyst with efficient interfacial structu res towa rds HER.展开更多
Objective To test the resuscitative effects from prolonged ventricular fibrillation by epinephrine combined with sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 inhibitor Cariporide. Methods 16 rats were received a 3 mg/kg bolu...Objective To test the resuscitative effects from prolonged ventricular fibrillation by epinephrine combined with sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 inhibitor Cariporide. Methods 16 rats were received a 3 mg/kg bolus of Cariporide or the same volume of 0.9%NaCl solution (control) 15 seconds before completion 12 minutes untreated VF. Chest compression (CC) was started for a total of 8 minutes. Adjusted the depth of compressor so that the aortic diastolic pressure to 25～28 mmHg during the 2nd minute of CC. Fix the depth of the piston and this depth was used throughout the remaining 6 minutes of CC. 10 seconds before starting the 3rd minute of chest compression, injected epinephrine (30 μg/kg). Recorded the time at which restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) occurred in Cariporide treated rats. Electrical defibrillation was timed in control group to match the time of spontaneous defibrillation in Cariporide treated rats. To the rats, which cant be defibrillated spontaneously, received chest compression and rescues electrical shocks. Results compared with control group, with the same CC depth, Cariporide treated rats received the higher and longer lasting coronary perfusion pressure (P< 0.05), higher resuscitative rate (P< 0.05), less post resuscitative ventricular ectopic activities (P< 0.001), better hemodynamic effects and longer survival time (P< 0.05). Conclusion Epinephrine combined with sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 inhibitor Cariporide may represent a novel and remarkably effective intervention for resuscitation from prolonged VF.展开更多
3D printing,as a versatile additive manufacturing technique,offers high design flexibility,rapid prototyping,minimal material waste,and the capability to fabricate complex,customized geometries.These attributes make i...3D printing,as a versatile additive manufacturing technique,offers high design flexibility,rapid prototyping,minimal material waste,and the capability to fabricate complex,customized geometries.These attributes make it particularly well-suited for low-temperature hydrogen electrochemical conversion devices—specifically,proton exchange membrane fuel cells,proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells,anion exchange membrane electrolyzer cells,and alkaline electrolyzers—which demand finely structured components such as catalyst layers,gas diffusion layers,electrodes,porous transport layers,and bipolar plates.This review provides a focused and critical summary of the current progress in applying 3D printing technologies to these key components.It begins with a concise introduction to the principles and classifications of mainstream 3D printing methods relevant to the hydrogen energy sector and proceeds to analyze their specific applications and performance impacts across different device architectures.Finally,the review identifies existing technical challenges and outlines future research directions to accelerate the integration of 3D printing in nextgeneration low-temperature hydrogen energy systems.展开更多
Aim To study the exchange reaction characteristics of anion exchange resin for diclofenac sodium. Methods The drug-resin complexes were prepared by a batch method with diclofenac sodium as the model drug and the stron...Aim To study the exchange reaction characteristics of anion exchange resin for diclofenac sodium. Methods The drug-resin complexes were prepared by a batch method with diclofenac sodium as the model drug and the strong anion exchange resin (201 × 7) as the carrier. The effects of different forms (OH~ - and Cl~ - ) of the strong anion exchange resin, the particle size of the resin, and the reaction temperature on the exchange behavior were described. The exchange kinetic profiles were fitted. The related exc...展开更多
With reduced dehydrogenation enthalpy change and reduced dehydrogenation temperature compared with its phenol-cyclohexanol pair,sodium phenoxide-cyclohexanolate pair developed recently is promising for large-scale ene...With reduced dehydrogenation enthalpy change and reduced dehydrogenation temperature compared with its phenol-cyclohexanol pair,sodium phenoxide-cyclohexanolate pair developed recently is promising for large-scale energy storage and long-distance hydrogen transportation.In the present work,we investigate the kinetic behavior of the pair in the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation in water over three commercial catalysts.It is shown that 5%Ru/Al2O3 and 5%Pt/C perform well in the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation,respectively.Kinetic analyses show that the hydrogenation of sodium phenoxide is of first-order with respect to H2 pressure and zero-order to the concentration of sodium phenoxide in the presence of Ru/Al2O3 catalyst.>99%conversion of cyclohexanol and>99%selectivity to phenoxide can be achieved in the dehydrogenation catalyzed by Pt/C catalyst and in the presence of Na OH at 100℃,where cyclohexanone was observed as an intermediate.According to the kinetic analysis,the hydrogenation of sodium phenoxide may undergo the hydrolysis and hydrogenation pathway.For the dehydrogenation,an intermediate,i.e.,cyclohexanone,was detected and two possible pathways are proposed accordingly.展开更多
A simple and efficient procedure for the preparation of aryl- 14-H-dibenzo [aj]xanthenes by a one-pot condensation reaction of 2-naphthol and aryl aldehydes, in the presence of silica supported sodium hydrogen sulfate...A simple and efficient procedure for the preparation of aryl- 14-H-dibenzo [aj]xanthenes by a one-pot condensation reaction of 2-naphthol and aryl aldehydes, in the presence of silica supported sodium hydrogen sulfate （NaHSO4/SiO2） as a catalyst and in the absence of solvent has been developed. The present method offers several advantages such as excellent yields, short reaction time （10-30min）, mild condition, simple work-up, and the use of a cheap and environmentally friendly catalyst with remarkable reusability.展开更多
A new debenzylation of benzyl esters by silica-supported sodium hydrogen sulfate is described. The debenzylation could be achieved selectively and efficiently in good to excellent yields without affecting sensitive fu...A new debenzylation of benzyl esters by silica-supported sodium hydrogen sulfate is described. The debenzylation could be achieved selectively and efficiently in good to excellent yields without affecting sensitive functional groups such as nitro, unsaturated bonds, and ethyl ester.展开更多
Li4SiO4 ceramic pebble is considered as a candidate tritium breeding material of Chinese Helium Cooled Solid Breeder Test Blanket Module （CH HCSB TBM） for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor （ITER...Li4SiO4 ceramic pebble is considered as a candidate tritium breeding material of Chinese Helium Cooled Solid Breeder Test Blanket Module （CH HCSB TBM） for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor （ITER）. In this paper, LiaSiO4 ceramic pebbles deposited with catalytic metals, including Pt, Pd, Ru and Ir, were prepared by wet impregnation method. The metal particles on Li4SiO4 pebble exhibit a good promotion of hydrogen isotope exchange reactions in H2-D20 gas system, with conversion equilibrium temperature reduction of 200-300 ~C. The out-of-pile tritium release experiments were performed using 1.0 wt% Pt/Li4SiO4 and Li4SiO4 pebbles irradiated in a thermal neutron reactor. The thermal desorption spectroscopy shows that Pt was effective to increase the tritium release rate at lower temperatures, and the ratio of tritium molecule （HT） to tritiated water （HTO） of 1.0 wt% Pt/LiaSiO4 was much more than that of Li4SiO4, which released mainly as HTO. Thus, catalytic metals deposited on LiaSiO4 pebble may help to accelerate the recovery of bred tritium particularly in low temperature region, and increase the tritium molecule form released from the tritium breedin~ materials.展开更多
Co/Al2O3 catalyst is prepared with an impregnation-chemical reduction method and used to catalyze the methanolysis of sodium borohydride （NaBH 4） for hydrogen generation.At solution temperature of 0 C,the methanolys...Co/Al2O3 catalyst is prepared with an impregnation-chemical reduction method and used to catalyze the methanolysis of sodium borohydride （NaBH 4） for hydrogen generation.At solution temperature of 0 C,the methanolysis reaction can be effectively accelerated using Co/Al2O3 catalyst and provide a desirable hydrogen generation rate,which makes it suitable for applications under the circumstance of low environmental temperature.The byproduct of methanolysis reaction is analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）.The characterization results indicate that methanol can be easily recovered after methanolysis reaction by hydrolysis of the methanolysis byproduct,NaB（OCH 3） 4.The catalytic activity of Co/Al2O3 towards NaBH 4 methanolysis can be further improved by appropriate calcination treatment.The catalytic methanolysis kinetics and catalyst reusability are also studied over the Co/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at the optimized temperature.展开更多
This work evaluated the effects of sodium ion concentration, ranging from 0 to 16000mg·L^-1（Na^＋）, on the conversion of sucrose to hydrogen by a high-activity anaerobic hydrogen-producing granular sludge. At ...This work evaluated the effects of sodium ion concentration, ranging from 0 to 16000mg·L^-1（Na^＋）, on the conversion of sucrose to hydrogen by a high-activity anaerobic hydrogen-producing granular sludge. At the optimum sodium ion concentration [1000-2000mg·L^-1（Na^＋）] for hydrogen production at 37℃, the maximum sucrose degradation rate, the specific hydrogen production yield and the specific hydrogen production rate were 393.6-413.1mg·L^-1.h^-1, 28.04-28.97ml·g^-1, 7.52-7.83ml·g^-1.h^-1, respectively. The specific production yields of propionate, butyrate and valerate decreased with increasing sodium ion concentration, whereas the specific acetate production yield increased, meanwhile the specific production yields of ethanol and caproate were less than 55.3 and 12.6mg·g^-1, respectively. The hybrid fermentation composition gradually developed from acetate, propionate and butyrate to acetate with the increase in sodium ion concentration.展开更多
Aluminium hydroxide precipitation from synthetic sodium aluminate solution was studied in the presence of hydrazine or hydrogen peroxide. The addition of low concentration of hydrazine is found to be effective, while ...Aluminium hydroxide precipitation from synthetic sodium aluminate solution was studied in the presence of hydrazine or hydrogen peroxide. The addition of low concentration of hydrazine is found to be effective, while higher amount of hydrogen peroxide is required to generate similar effect. XRD data confirm the product phase to be gibbsitic by nature. The scanning electron micrographs （SEM） show that agglomerated products form in the presence of hydrazine while fine discrete particles are produced with hydrogen peroxide. The probable mechanism of precipitation in the presence of hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide is also discussed.展开更多
C4H3O5Na(0.5H2O) was prepared by the reaction of H2O2 and maleic anhydride. The product was characterized by elemental analysis and IR measurement. The crystal structure was determined by single-crystal diffraction ...C4H3O5Na(0.5H2O) was prepared by the reaction of H2O2 and maleic anhydride. The product was characterized by elemental analysis and IR measurement. The crystal structure was determined by single-crystal diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 21.132(3), b = 8.646(2), c = 6.196(1) ?, β = 90.67(1)o, V = 1132.0(4) ?3, Mr = 163.06, Dc = 1.914 g/cm3, Z = 8, F(000) = 664, μ = 0.243 mm-1, the final R = 0.0354 and wR = 0.1151. X-ray analysis reveals that there exists a stable symmetrical structure in the complex, and a network structure is formed via intermolecular hydrogen bonds.展开更多
Twenty-six soil samples were collected from five soil profiles at different climatological and ecological regions in central Sudan. Soil profile was dug in each studied area and morphological profile description was c...Twenty-six soil samples were collected from five soil profiles at different climatological and ecological regions in central Sudan. Soil profile was dug in each studied area and morphological profile description was carried out for different horizons. All samples were analyzed using two different methods to determine Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Statistical analysis (T-test) was used in order to investigate the differences between soil samples for the studied locations. Significant differences appeared when compared the two methods for CEC determination at Gedaref area, Wad Medani and Nile flood plain and that appeared in evaluation of ESP at Nile flood plain and Shambat area. The results also revealed that, the developed method used in this study was more practical, simple and reliable for determination of CEC and ESP as the currently used in most soil laboratories. In addition, it will be safer than the other methods in some problematic soils. The adoption of this developed method is advisable because it is less time consuming as it omits the washing step. In contrast, the old method cannot be a good substitute in laboratories which have no possibility to determine sodium by using flame photometer. We conclude that when the developed method is used to determine CEC and ESP time will be saved, that fewer amounts of chemicals will be used and that accurate results will be achieved.展开更多
Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production is a promising strategy to replace the traditional production processes;however,the inefficient H_(2)O_(2) productivity limits its application.In this study,oxyge...Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production is a promising strategy to replace the traditional production processes;however,the inefficient H_(2)O_(2) productivity limits its application.In this study,oxygen-rich g-C_(3)N_(4) with abundant nitrogen vacancies(OCN)was synthesized for photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that oxygen-containing functional groups(–COOH and C–O–C)were obtained.Electron paramagnetic resonance confirmed the successful introduction of nitrogen vacancies.OCN exhibited efficient photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production performance of 1965μmol L^(−1) h^(−1) in air under visible-light irradiation.The high H_(2)O_(2) production was attributed to the enhanced adsorption of oxygen,enlarged specific surface area,and promoted carrier separation.An increased H_(2)O_(2) production rate(5781μmol L^(−1) h^(−1))was achieved in a Na_(3)PO_(4) solution.The improved performance was attributed to the changed reactive oxygen species.Specifically,the adsorbed PO_(4)^(3−) on the surface of the OCN promoted the transfer of holes to the catalyst surface.•O_(2)−obtained by O_(2) reduction reacted with adjacent holes to generate 1O_(2),which could efficiently generate H_(2)O_(2) with isopropanol.Additionally,PO_(4)^(3−),as a stabilizer,inhibited the decomposition of H_(2)O_(2).展开更多
Layered alkali-metal titanate materials are considered as attractive anodes for sodium ion batteries due to their favorable safety and low cost.However,their practical implementation faces major challenges of low elec...Layered alkali-metal titanate materials are considered as attractive anodes for sodium ion batteries due to their favorable safety and low cost.However,their practical implementation faces major challenges of low electronic conductivity and inevitable volume variation during Na^(+)intercalation and de-intercalation,which are generally difficult to conquer by a single modification method.Herein,a synergistic ally enhancing strategy to promote the electrochemical performance of Na_(2)Ti_(2)O_(5)nanowire array anode via simultaneous hydrogenation and carbon coating is developed.Hydrogenation leads to partially reduced titanium;together with conductive carbon layer,it endows Na_(2)Ti_(2)O_(5)with fast electron transport and structural stability.The resulting H-Na_(2)Ti_(2)O_(5)@C anode exhibits enhanced rate capability(8.0C,165 mAh·g^(-1))and stable cycle performance up to 1000 times in sodium-ion half-cells(the capacity of H-Na_(2)Ti_(2)O_(5)without carbon fades drastically after only 100 cycles).In addition,a newcoupling full cell is further designed with graphene hybridized high-voltage Na_(3)(VO_(0.5))_(2)(PO4)_(2)F_(2)as cathode,capable of delivering a high specific energy density of 212.1 Wh·kg^(-1)(based on the mass of both anode and cathode)and good rate and cycling stability.This work may offer inspiration for synergistic optimization of electrode materials for advanced electrochemical energy storage devices.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFD2401703)。
文摘The conservation of aquatic systems is closely linked to the maintenance and improvement of aquaculture products'yield and quality.In this experiment,a high-quality aquatic system was established,comprising Litopenaeus vannamei as a model species and two strains of Bacillus(W1 and XYB4)combined with sodium humate under zero-water exchange conditions.The growth performance,enzyme activity,and aquatic system microbial environment of L.vannamei were analyzed.Results showed that the combination of sodium humate and Bacillus strains effectively enhanced environmental conditions for the growth and reproduction of heterotrophic bacteria while inhibiting the growth of Vibrio species,including green and yellow variants.Microbiome analysis showed that the group treated with Bacillus strains combined with sodium humate exhibited significantly higher relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota than the other groups.Correspondingly,this treatment group showed substantially enhanced weight gain rate,specific growth rate,survival rate,and feed coefficient.Moreover,the phenol oxidase,catalase,lysozyme,and superoxide dismutase indexes of shrimps subjected to Bacillus–sodium humate treatment were considerably higher than those of the control group.These findings confirm that the combination of Bacillus and sodium humate has beneficial effects on shrimp growth and aquatic system quality control,providing a promising strategy for enhancing the efficiency of shrimp farming and aquaculture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22171206)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ23B020001)the Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Talent Program(2023R5244)。
文摘Enantioselective intramolecular radical difunctionalization of alkenes involving sulfur dioxide through a three-component reaction of 4-arylpent-4-enoic acids,sodium hydrogen sulfite and thianthrenium salts under copper catalysis and photocatalysis is reported,allowing the construction of chiral 5-((sulfonyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-ones with β-quaternary stereocenters.During the transformation,sodium hydrogen sulfite is used as the sulfur dioxide surrogate.Excellent enantiocontrol(up to 99%ee)and wide functional group compatibility are observed in this asymmetric radical sulfonylation.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFA1500900Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province-Regional Joint Fund Project,Grant/Award Number:2021B1515120024+9 种基金Science Funds of the Education Office of Jiangxi Province,Grant/Award Number:GJJ2201324Science Funds of Jiangxi Province,Grant/Award Numbers:20242BAB25168,20224BAB213018Doctoral Research Start-up Funds of JXSTNU,Grant/Award Number:2022BSQD05China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2023M741121National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:22172047Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,Grant/Award Number:2021JJ30089Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,Grant/Award Number:JCYJ20210324122209025Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:kq2107008Hunan Province of Huxiang Talent project,Grant/Award Number:2023rc3118Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,Grant/Award Number:2022JJ10006.
文摘Hydrogen energy from electrocatalysis driven by sustainable energy has emerged as a solution against the background of carbon neutrality.Proton exchange membrane(PEM)-based electrocatalytic systems represent a promising technology for hydrogen production,which is equipped to combine efficiently with intermittent electricity from renewable energy sources.In this review,PEM-based electrocatalytic systems for H2 production are summarized systematically from low to high operating temperature systems.When the operating temperature is below 130℃,the representative device is a PEM water electrolyzer;its core components and respective functions,research status,and design strategies of key materials especially in electrocatalysts are presented and discussed.However,strong acidity,highly oxidative operating conditions,and the sluggish kinetics of the anode reaction of PEM water electrolyzers have limited their further development and shifted our attention to higher operating temperature PEM systems.Increasing the temperature of PEM-based electrocatalytic systems can cause an increase in current density,accelerate reaction kinetics and gas transport and reduce the ohmic value,activation losses,ΔGH*,and power consumption.Moreover,further increasing the operating temperature(120-300℃)of PEM-based devices endows various hydrogen carriers(e.g.,methanol,ethanol,and ammonia)with electrolysis,offering a new opportunity to produce hydrogen using PEM-based electrocatalytic systems.Finally,several future directions and prospects for developing PEM-based electrocatalytic systems for H_(2) production are proposed through devoting more efforts to the key components of devices and reduction of costs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279069,22179067,22478211 and 22372017)the Major Fundamental Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022ZD10)。
文摘Understanding the role of cations within the catalysts in the interfacial water behavior at the electrolyte/catalyst interface is of pivotal importance for designing advanced catalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),which remains obscure and requires deep probing.Herein,we demonstrate the first investigation of interfacial water behavior on the surface of a series of sodium tungsten bronzes(Na_(x)WO_(3),0_(x)WO_(3)/electrolyte interface.Our integrated studies indicate that the Na ions significantly enrich the electronic state of WO_(6)octahedrons in Na_(x)WO_(3),which leads to the regulated electronic and atomic structures,endowing Na_(x)WO_(3)with disordered interfacial water network containing more isolated H_(3)O^(+)and subsequently moderate H^(*)adsorption to speed the Volmer step at the Na_(x)WO_(3)surface,thus boosting the HER.Consequently,the intrinsic HER activities achieved on those Na_(x)WO_(3)are tens of times higher than those on WO_(3).Particularly,it is found that Na concentration x=0.69 endows Na_(x)WO_(3)with the highest intrinsic HER activity,and the resultant Na_(0.69)WO_(3)with a unique porous octahedral structure exhibits a low overpotential of only 64 mV at current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)in acidic electrolyte.This study provides the first insight into the cation-dependent interfacial water behavior induced by the cations within the catalyst and establishes the interfacial water-activity relationship of HER,thus allowing for the design of a more advanced catalyst with efficient interfacial structu res towa rds HER.
文摘Objective To test the resuscitative effects from prolonged ventricular fibrillation by epinephrine combined with sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 inhibitor Cariporide. Methods 16 rats were received a 3 mg/kg bolus of Cariporide or the same volume of 0.9%NaCl solution (control) 15 seconds before completion 12 minutes untreated VF. Chest compression (CC) was started for a total of 8 minutes. Adjusted the depth of compressor so that the aortic diastolic pressure to 25～28 mmHg during the 2nd minute of CC. Fix the depth of the piston and this depth was used throughout the remaining 6 minutes of CC. 10 seconds before starting the 3rd minute of chest compression, injected epinephrine (30 μg/kg). Recorded the time at which restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) occurred in Cariporide treated rats. Electrical defibrillation was timed in control group to match the time of spontaneous defibrillation in Cariporide treated rats. To the rats, which cant be defibrillated spontaneously, received chest compression and rescues electrical shocks. Results compared with control group, with the same CC depth, Cariporide treated rats received the higher and longer lasting coronary perfusion pressure (P< 0.05), higher resuscitative rate (P< 0.05), less post resuscitative ventricular ectopic activities (P< 0.001), better hemodynamic effects and longer survival time (P< 0.05). Conclusion Epinephrine combined with sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 inhibitor Cariporide may represent a novel and remarkably effective intervention for resuscitation from prolonged VF.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22208376,UA22A20429)the Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Open Project(QNESL OP 202303)+3 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Nos.ZR2024QB175,ZR2023LFG005)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.25CX07002A)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Z202401390008)The Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2025JJ60301)。
文摘3D printing,as a versatile additive manufacturing technique,offers high design flexibility,rapid prototyping,minimal material waste,and the capability to fabricate complex,customized geometries.These attributes make it particularly well-suited for low-temperature hydrogen electrochemical conversion devices—specifically,proton exchange membrane fuel cells,proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells,anion exchange membrane electrolyzer cells,and alkaline electrolyzers—which demand finely structured components such as catalyst layers,gas diffusion layers,electrodes,porous transport layers,and bipolar plates.This review provides a focused and critical summary of the current progress in applying 3D printing technologies to these key components.It begins with a concise introduction to the principles and classifications of mainstream 3D printing methods relevant to the hydrogen energy sector and proceeds to analyze their specific applications and performance impacts across different device architectures.Finally,the review identifies existing technical challenges and outlines future research directions to accelerate the integration of 3D printing in nextgeneration low-temperature hydrogen energy systems.
文摘Aim To study the exchange reaction characteristics of anion exchange resin for diclofenac sodium. Methods The drug-resin complexes were prepared by a batch method with diclofenac sodium as the model drug and the strong anion exchange resin (201 × 7) as the carrier. The effects of different forms (OH~ - and Cl~ - ) of the strong anion exchange resin, the particle size of the resin, and the reaction temperature on the exchange behavior were described. The exchange kinetic profiles were fitted. The related exc...
基金financial support from the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51671178,21875246)the project from DICP(DICP ZZBS201616)the support from Sino-Japanese Research Cooperative Program of Ministry of Science and Technology(2016YFE0118300) and iChEM·2011
文摘With reduced dehydrogenation enthalpy change and reduced dehydrogenation temperature compared with its phenol-cyclohexanol pair,sodium phenoxide-cyclohexanolate pair developed recently is promising for large-scale energy storage and long-distance hydrogen transportation.In the present work,we investigate the kinetic behavior of the pair in the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation in water over three commercial catalysts.It is shown that 5%Ru/Al2O3 and 5%Pt/C perform well in the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation,respectively.Kinetic analyses show that the hydrogenation of sodium phenoxide is of first-order with respect to H2 pressure and zero-order to the concentration of sodium phenoxide in the presence of Ru/Al2O3 catalyst.>99%conversion of cyclohexanol and>99%selectivity to phenoxide can be achieved in the dehydrogenation catalyzed by Pt/C catalyst and in the presence of Na OH at 100℃,where cyclohexanone was observed as an intermediate.According to the kinetic analysis,the hydrogenation of sodium phenoxide may undergo the hydrolysis and hydrogenation pathway.For the dehydrogenation,an intermediate,i.e.,cyclohexanone,was detected and two possible pathways are proposed accordingly.
基金the K.N.Toosi University of Technology Research Council for financial support.
文摘A simple and efficient procedure for the preparation of aryl- 14-H-dibenzo [aj]xanthenes by a one-pot condensation reaction of 2-naphthol and aryl aldehydes, in the presence of silica supported sodium hydrogen sulfate （NaHSO4/SiO2） as a catalyst and in the absence of solvent has been developed. The present method offers several advantages such as excellent yields, short reaction time （10-30min）, mild condition, simple work-up, and the use of a cheap and environmentally friendly catalyst with remarkable reusability.
基金support from National Science Foundation of China(Nos.03772648 and 30721005)Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.06G8031014)
文摘A new debenzylation of benzyl esters by silica-supported sodium hydrogen sulfate is described. The debenzylation could be achieved selectively and efficiently in good to excellent yields without affecting sensitive functional groups such as nitro, unsaturated bonds, and ethyl ester.
基金supported by the Development Fund of China Academy of Engineering Physics (No.2010B0301035)the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program (No. 2010GB112004)
文摘Li4SiO4 ceramic pebble is considered as a candidate tritium breeding material of Chinese Helium Cooled Solid Breeder Test Blanket Module （CH HCSB TBM） for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor （ITER）. In this paper, LiaSiO4 ceramic pebbles deposited with catalytic metals, including Pt, Pd, Ru and Ir, were prepared by wet impregnation method. The metal particles on Li4SiO4 pebble exhibit a good promotion of hydrogen isotope exchange reactions in H2-D20 gas system, with conversion equilibrium temperature reduction of 200-300 ~C. The out-of-pile tritium release experiments were performed using 1.0 wt% Pt/Li4SiO4 and Li4SiO4 pebbles irradiated in a thermal neutron reactor. The thermal desorption spectroscopy shows that Pt was effective to increase the tritium release rate at lower temperatures, and the ratio of tritium molecule （HT） to tritiated water （HTO） of 1.0 wt% Pt/LiaSiO4 was much more than that of Li4SiO4, which released mainly as HTO. Thus, catalytic metals deposited on LiaSiO4 pebble may help to accelerate the recovery of bred tritium particularly in low temperature region, and increase the tritium molecule form released from the tritium breedin~ materials.
基金supported by the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (No. 208076)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China (No. ZR2010EM069)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology
文摘Co/Al2O3 catalyst is prepared with an impregnation-chemical reduction method and used to catalyze the methanolysis of sodium borohydride （NaBH 4） for hydrogen generation.At solution temperature of 0 C,the methanolysis reaction can be effectively accelerated using Co/Al2O3 catalyst and provide a desirable hydrogen generation rate,which makes it suitable for applications under the circumstance of low environmental temperature.The byproduct of methanolysis reaction is analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）.The characterization results indicate that methanol can be easily recovered after methanolysis reaction by hydrolysis of the methanolysis byproduct,NaB（OCH 3） 4.The catalytic activity of Co/Al2O3 towards NaBH 4 methanolysis can be further improved by appropriate calcination treatment.The catalytic methanolysis kinetics and catalyst reusability are also studied over the Co/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at the optimized temperature.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20122203）.
文摘This work evaluated the effects of sodium ion concentration, ranging from 0 to 16000mg·L^-1（Na^＋）, on the conversion of sucrose to hydrogen by a high-activity anaerobic hydrogen-producing granular sludge. At the optimum sodium ion concentration [1000-2000mg·L^-1（Na^＋）] for hydrogen production at 37℃, the maximum sucrose degradation rate, the specific hydrogen production yield and the specific hydrogen production rate were 393.6-413.1mg·L^-1.h^-1, 28.04-28.97ml·g^-1, 7.52-7.83ml·g^-1.h^-1, respectively. The specific production yields of propionate, butyrate and valerate decreased with increasing sodium ion concentration, whereas the specific acetate production yield increased, meanwhile the specific production yields of ethanol and caproate were less than 55.3 and 12.6mg·g^-1, respectively. The hybrid fermentation composition gradually developed from acetate, propionate and butyrate to acetate with the increase in sodium ion concentration.
基金M/s NALCO, Bhubaneswar for the partial financial support to carry out this work
文摘Aluminium hydroxide precipitation from synthetic sodium aluminate solution was studied in the presence of hydrazine or hydrogen peroxide. The addition of low concentration of hydrazine is found to be effective, while higher amount of hydrogen peroxide is required to generate similar effect. XRD data confirm the product phase to be gibbsitic by nature. The scanning electron micrographs （SEM） show that agglomerated products form in the presence of hydrazine while fine discrete particles are produced with hydrogen peroxide. The probable mechanism of precipitation in the presence of hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide is also discussed.
基金This work was supported by the Social Development Program Fund of Jiangsu Province (No. BS2002041)
文摘C4H3O5Na(0.5H2O) was prepared by the reaction of H2O2 and maleic anhydride. The product was characterized by elemental analysis and IR measurement. The crystal structure was determined by single-crystal diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 21.132(3), b = 8.646(2), c = 6.196(1) ?, β = 90.67(1)o, V = 1132.0(4) ?3, Mr = 163.06, Dc = 1.914 g/cm3, Z = 8, F(000) = 664, μ = 0.243 mm-1, the final R = 0.0354 and wR = 0.1151. X-ray analysis reveals that there exists a stable symmetrical structure in the complex, and a network structure is formed via intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
文摘Twenty-six soil samples were collected from five soil profiles at different climatological and ecological regions in central Sudan. Soil profile was dug in each studied area and morphological profile description was carried out for different horizons. All samples were analyzed using two different methods to determine Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Statistical analysis (T-test) was used in order to investigate the differences between soil samples for the studied locations. Significant differences appeared when compared the two methods for CEC determination at Gedaref area, Wad Medani and Nile flood plain and that appeared in evaluation of ESP at Nile flood plain and Shambat area. The results also revealed that, the developed method used in this study was more practical, simple and reliable for determination of CEC and ESP as the currently used in most soil laboratories. In addition, it will be safer than the other methods in some problematic soils. The adoption of this developed method is advisable because it is less time consuming as it omits the washing step. In contrast, the old method cannot be a good substitute in laboratories which have no possibility to determine sodium by using flame photometer. We conclude that when the developed method is used to determine CEC and ESP time will be saved, that fewer amounts of chemicals will be used and that accurate results will be achieved.
文摘Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production is a promising strategy to replace the traditional production processes;however,the inefficient H_(2)O_(2) productivity limits its application.In this study,oxygen-rich g-C_(3)N_(4) with abundant nitrogen vacancies(OCN)was synthesized for photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that oxygen-containing functional groups(–COOH and C–O–C)were obtained.Electron paramagnetic resonance confirmed the successful introduction of nitrogen vacancies.OCN exhibited efficient photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production performance of 1965μmol L^(−1) h^(−1) in air under visible-light irradiation.The high H_(2)O_(2) production was attributed to the enhanced adsorption of oxygen,enlarged specific surface area,and promoted carrier separation.An increased H_(2)O_(2) production rate(5781μmol L^(−1) h^(−1))was achieved in a Na_(3)PO_(4) solution.The improved performance was attributed to the changed reactive oxygen species.Specifically,the adsorbed PO_(4)^(3−) on the surface of the OCN promoted the transfer of holes to the catalyst surface.•O_(2)−obtained by O_(2) reduction reacted with adjacent holes to generate 1O_(2),which could efficiently generate H_(2)O_(2) with isopropanol.Additionally,PO_(4)^(3−),as a stabilizer,inhibited the decomposition of H_(2)O_(2).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072136,51872104,51972257 and 52172229)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFA0202602)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WUT:2021IVA115)
文摘Layered alkali-metal titanate materials are considered as attractive anodes for sodium ion batteries due to their favorable safety and low cost.However,their practical implementation faces major challenges of low electronic conductivity and inevitable volume variation during Na^(+)intercalation and de-intercalation,which are generally difficult to conquer by a single modification method.Herein,a synergistic ally enhancing strategy to promote the electrochemical performance of Na_(2)Ti_(2)O_(5)nanowire array anode via simultaneous hydrogenation and carbon coating is developed.Hydrogenation leads to partially reduced titanium;together with conductive carbon layer,it endows Na_(2)Ti_(2)O_(5)with fast electron transport and structural stability.The resulting H-Na_(2)Ti_(2)O_(5)@C anode exhibits enhanced rate capability(8.0C,165 mAh·g^(-1))and stable cycle performance up to 1000 times in sodium-ion half-cells(the capacity of H-Na_(2)Ti_(2)O_(5)without carbon fades drastically after only 100 cycles).In addition,a newcoupling full cell is further designed with graphene hybridized high-voltage Na_(3)(VO_(0.5))_(2)(PO4)_(2)F_(2)as cathode,capable of delivering a high specific energy density of 212.1 Wh·kg^(-1)(based on the mass of both anode and cathode)and good rate and cycling stability.This work may offer inspiration for synergistic optimization of electrode materials for advanced electrochemical energy storage devices.
