A low-carbon lifestyle presents new opportunities for sustainable urban development.While previous studies have verified the impact of the built environment and socioeconomic status(SES)on low-carbon lifestyles,they h...A low-carbon lifestyle presents new opportunities for sustainable urban development.While previous studies have verified the impact of the built environment and socioeconomic status(SES)on low-carbon lifestyles,they have primarily focused on direct effects.At present,there is still a lack of analysis on the interaction effects on low-carbon lifestyles,and limited attention has been given to the peer effect in low-carbon lifestyles,especially in the context of residential differentiation.Therefore,we take Zhengzhou city as the case area and first calculate the low-carbon lifestyle of 1485 families from three dimensions:low-carbon action(A),low-carbon interest(I)and low-carbon opinion(O).We then analyze the direct and interactive impacts of the built environment and SES on low-carbon lifestyles and explore the peer effect.Our findings indicate that families with higher SES have higher levels of low-carbon interest and low-carbon opinion,but relatively low levels of low-carbon action.This suggests an interest-action bias in the low-carbon lifestyles of high-SES families.POI density,road network density and accessibility positively affect low-carbon lifestyles—that is,residents living in areas with well-developed infrastructure and convenient transportation tend to be green in their daily behavior.The peer effect influences low-carbon action,interest,and opinion by 54.6%,34.9%,and 16%,respectively,indicating that the peer effect is most evident in low-carbon action.That is,the peer effect is more obvious in low-carbon action.In addition,the built environment affects the low-carbon lifestyles of different SES groups.Land-use mix positively increases low-carbon action and low-carbon interest among high-SES groups but reduces low-carbon opinion.Road network density positively affects the low-carbon action of high-SES groups and the low-carbon interest and low-carbon opinion of low-SES groups.This study explores low-carbon lifestyles from a situational perspective,providing a practical basis for policies aimed at accelerating a transition to sustainable living.展开更多
Every day many students apply for and enroll in language-teaching courses to achieve their aims through learning another language. However, learning another language does not occur identically among all students. Some...Every day many students apply for and enroll in language-teaching courses to achieve their aims through learning another language. However, learning another language does not occur identically among all students. Some students learn a language, even their own mother tongue earlier but some others may need to spend more time acquiring a language. Seeking out for the probable reasons for such a difference, the current study following the constructivist approach to language learning and bearing in mind the role of society and human communities in language learning, was concluded to investigate the probable impact（s） of some social variables （social status, attitudinal and motivational status of learners） on language learning outcomes of Iranian adult learners assessed through a standardized English proficiency test. The findings have revealed that the social milieu in which learners live may play a decisive role as far as learning opportunities, input and resources are concerned.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the association between various lifestyle factors and achalasia risk.METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Northern Ireland, including n = 151 achalasia cases and n = 117 age...AIM: To evaluate the association between various lifestyle factors and achalasia risk.METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Northern Ireland, including n = 151 achalasia cases and n = 117 age- and sexmatched controls. Lifestyle factors were assessed via a face-to-face structured interview. The association between achalasia and lifestyle factors was assessed by unconditional logistic regression, to produce odds ratios(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI).RESULTS: Individuals who had low-class occupations were at the highest risk of achalasia(OR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.02-3.45), inferring that high-class occupation holders have a reduced risk of achalasia. A history of foreign travel, a lifestyle factor linked to upper socioeconomic class, was also associated with a reduced risk of achalasia(OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.35-0.99). Smoking and alcohol consumption carried significantly reduced risks of achalasia, even after adjustment for socio-economic status. The presence of pets in the house was associated with a two-fold increased risk of achalasia(OR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.17-3.42). Nochildhood household factors were associated with achalasia risk.CONCLUSION: Achalasia is a disease of inequality, and individuals from low socio-economic backgrounds are at highest risk. This does not appear to be due to corresponding alcohol and smoking behaviours. An observed positive association between pet ownership and achalasia risk suggests an interaction between endotoxin and viral infection exposure in achalasia aetiology.展开更多
Objectives: The main aim of the current study is to examine the influence of socio-economic status and environmental factors on serologically diagnosed Japanese encephalitis cases in the state of West Bengal, India du...Objectives: The main aim of the current study is to examine the influence of socio-economic status and environmental factors on serologically diagnosed Japanese encephalitis cases in the state of West Bengal, India during 2005-2010. Materials and methods: A total of 648 blood/CSF specimens were collected and/or referred from the suspected AES cases, admitted in the different medical colleges and hospitals of the state during the year of 2005-2010. These specimens were subjected to JE Mac ELISA to determine the actual JE case amongst these AES. The association of the socio-economic status and environmental factors with the serologically diagnosed JE positive cases was studied by a statistical analysis through Normal Deviate test or Z test. Result: Out of 648 specimens, only 175 (27.0%) specimens were reactive to JE IgM antibody, of which 60.0% were from the male individuals and 40.0% from the female population. Major cases were observed in the age group of 0 - 10 years;followed by 11 - 20 years. Regarding literacy, only 58.3% cases had no education and 41.7% were from the literate with varying level of education, i.e., from primary level to post gra- duate level. A total of 65.7% cases were from low income group where as only 34.3% cases were from high income group. Regarding house type, 62.3% cases lived in mud house and 37.7% cases lived in the brick house. In most of the cases (74.3%), persons were living in close proximity to rice fields/lakes/ponds. 69.7% cases were found to occur in the monsoon and post-monsoon period whereas 30.3% cases were reported in the pre-monsoon period. Conclusion: Our study concludes that socio-economic status and environmental conditions were statistically significant contextual risk factors for serologically diagnosed JE incidences in West Bengal where JE is proved to be endemic in nature and such study constitutes a new report of this kind in the region.展开更多
Objectives:The study examined socio-economic status and gender as determinant of dietary practices of senior secondary school students in Edo South Senatorial district for healthy living and sustainability.Methodology...Objectives:The study examined socio-economic status and gender as determinant of dietary practices of senior secondary school students in Edo South Senatorial district for healthy living and sustainability.Methodology:Quasi experimental research design was employed in the study.Three research questions were raised and formulated into hypotheses,tested at 0.05 level of significance.A multistage random sampling technique was used to sample 245 students from two public schools in Oredo local government areas within Edo south senatorial district.Two(2)instruments(questionnaire and achievement test)validated and reliability of 0.64 and 0.84 reliability co-efficient were obtained.The demographic data/SES,dietary practices(DDPSESQ)was used to obtain information on their dietary practices and socio-economic status,while the pictorial nutrition achievement test(PNAT)consisted of the pre-and post-test.The treatment package comprised planned lessons of 40 minutes each for six(6)weeks.The data collected were analyzed using inferential statistics;hypotheses 1 and 2 were tested using the independent t-test while hypothesis 3 was tested using One-Way ANOVA statistics.Findings:The study revealed that there is no significant difference in dietary practices of students of high,medium and low socio-economic status as a result of exposure to pictorial nutrition education.There was no significant difference in dietary practices by gender.The study concluded that socio-economic status does not determine dietary practices of secondary school students for responsible living.展开更多
Introduction: The incidence of stroke has decreased in Sweden as well as in most developed countries, but a high number of migrants have arrived in Sweden, during the last decades, which may have influenced the incide...Introduction: The incidence of stroke has decreased in Sweden as well as in most developed countries, but a high number of migrants have arrived in Sweden, during the last decades, which may have influenced the incidence. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of stroke in women, born outside as well as in Sweden. Furthermore, the aim was to examine how socio-economic factors, smoking, and physical activity could modify the risk for stroke. Method: Data from the “MalmöDiet and Cancer Study” was used for the analysis. In total, 16,857 women were included (14,849 of them born in and 2,008 born outside Sweden), aged 45 - 73 years with a mean age of 57.4 years. Result. A significantly increased relative risk (RR) was found for the incidence of stroke for current smokers in both Swedish-born and migrant women. In Swedish-born women the RR was 1.98 (CI: 1.66 - 2.36) and for migrant women the RR was 1.83(CI: 1.13 - 2.96). The adjusted relative risk for the incidence of stroke in Swedish-born women performing moderate/high physical activity was RR 0.71 (CI: 0.61 - 0.84) and for migrant women it was RR 0.77 (CI: 0.49 - 1.20). The relative risk in relation to low socio-economic circumstances (SES) was significant only for Swedish-born women (RR 0.85 [CI: 0.73 - 0.99]). Among currently smoking Swedish-born women with a low SES the RR was 1.27 (CI: 1.03 - 1.57) in comparison with smoking migrant women, whose RR was 1.68 (CI: 0.92 - 3.09). Conclusion: No differences were found indicating that migrant women in this population had a higher risk as compared to Swedish-born women. However, migrant smoking women were more vulnerable to stroke compared to Swedish-born women. Physical activity was effective in reducing the risk of stroke among the total population and especially in the Swedish-born women. To increase physical activity in middle-aged women, in both migrant and Swedish-born women, is a highly recommended public health strategy.展开更多
The most important step in creating a teaching force for physical education(PE)is finding enough qualified teachers.In order to better absorb the PE teaching talents who aremore suitable for the job requirements,the a...The most important step in creating a teaching force for physical education(PE)is finding enough qualified teachers.In order to better absorb the PE teaching talents who aremore suitable for the job requirements,the ability variables of sports talents,the expected regional social and economic status,and historical data are considered,the intelligent matching of talents and positions is made,and the Bayesian variational network recommendation model considering the needs is constructed.According to the experimental findings,this model’s highest recommendation accuracy in the normal scenario is 0.5888 and its maximum recommendation accuracy in the training and test sets is roughly 0.6 and 0.68.The model has good convergence and high accuracy of recommendation,which is conducive to matching PE teaching talents and teaching positions,providing job seekers with positions that meet their needs,providing teaching talents to meet the requirements,and creating a team of PE teachers that match people and posts.展开更多
China’s coastal regions,characterized by dense populations and industrial agglomeration,face escalating threats from typhoon disasters.Understanding the evolution of socio-economic exposure to future typhoon landfall...China’s coastal regions,characterized by dense populations and industrial agglomeration,face escalating threats from typhoon disasters.Understanding the evolution of socio-economic exposure to future typhoon landfalls under global change is critical for effective disaster risk management.This study utilizes future typhoon track data simulated by the regional climate model version 4(RegCM4),combined with projected population and Gross Domestic Product(GDP)data for China’s coastal regions under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs:SSP1,sustainability;SSP2,middle of the road;SSP5,fossil-fueled development).We analyze typhoon impact zones for future periods(2030s,2050s,and 2090s)under Representative Concentration Pathways(RCPs:RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5,representing low,medium,and high greenhouse gas emission scenarios,respectively).Exposure levels for 2030,2050,and 2100 are calculated based on the annual average frequency of typhoon impacts during these periods,aiming to quantify the distribution characteristics of typhoon-affected population and GDP in China’s coastal regions.Key findings reveal two high-frequency typhoon im-pact zones:the Taiwan Strait region and the northern Qiongzhou Strait region.Furthermore,under RCP2.6,typhoon impacts may ex-tend to Liaoning,while RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios indicate potential impacts reaching further north to Heilongjiang.Under RCP4.5,Northeast China will experience the largest typhoon-affected area(43.800×10^(4) km^(2))by the 2030s.High population and GDP exposure concentrates in the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta,and the Taiwan Strait coastal areas.Notably,Liaoning’s cumulative ex-posed population may exceed 0.100×10^(8) by 2030 and 2050 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 due to typhoon track migration.Given China’s location within the Western Pacific typhoon high-incidence region,the northward expansion of impacts will substantially escalate socio-economic exposure in mid-latitude regions previously at lower risk.These findings underscore the imperative for enhanced disaster pre-vention,mitigation strategies and targeted countermeasure research.展开更多
This study examines the socio-economic profile of livestock farmers in coastal Côte d’Ivoire. A total of 43 people were interviewed using well-structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using de...This study examines the socio-economic profile of livestock farmers in coastal Côte d’Ivoire. A total of 43 people were interviewed using well-structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive methods. The results showed that local Lagoon breeders are divided into two zones: southwest and southeast. Breeders in the south-western region are generally located in two sub-prefectures of the Tabou Department (Grabo and Oulodio). Tabou’s department alone accounts for 42% of the Lagoon breed in Côte d’Ivoire. Agriculture in this area is traditionally sedentary, practiced for social reasons. On the other hand, the south-eastern zone, located in the departments of Aboisso, Adzopé, Agboville, Grand-Lahou, Jacqueville, Abidjan, Dabou and Sikensi, represents 58% of the Lagoon breeding area in Côte d’Ivoire. This second group is characterised by improved breeding. Most of the farmers interviewed in this zone breed for economic reasons. However, the risk of cross-breeding, which already affects the local Lagoon breed, could be increased by the presence of other species such as the Zebu and Ndamas, or even the Baoulé, in this south-eastern herd.展开更多
Goat husbandry plays a crucial role in the agrarian economy of Aligarh district,Uttar Pradesh,offering a sustainable source of income and livelihood for marginalized communities,landless farmers,and smallholders.This ...Goat husbandry plays a crucial role in the agrarian economy of Aligarh district,Uttar Pradesh,offering a sustainable source of income and livelihood for marginalized communities,landless farmers,and smallholders.This study explores the socio-economic dimensions of goat farming in the district,analyzing its impact on income generation,employment,and rural development.The present study is based on both primary and secondary data.The primary data is obtained from 12 sampled villages,and the secondary data is obtained from Statistical Bulletins of Aligarh District.The study examines the demographic composition of goat rearers,landholding patterns,and the role of gender and caste in traditional goat rearing.The findings highlight that goat farming serves as a financial safety net,often referred to as the“poor farmer’s ATM”due to its low input costs and quick returns.The study further assesses the trends,market dynamics,and future prospects of modern scientific goat farming in the region.The results indicate that despite regional variations in herd size and market accessibility,goat husbandry remains a viable strategy for poverty alleviation and economic resilience.The study concludes by emphasizing the need for improved veterinary support,financial assistance,and market linkages to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of goat farming in the district.展开更多
Water resources play a fundamental role in maintaining ecosystem well-being and supporting socio-economic progress.Nevertheless,the water sustainability confronts unprecedented challenges exacerbated by climate change...Water resources play a fundamental role in maintaining ecosystem well-being and supporting socio-economic progress.Nevertheless,the water sustainability confronts unprecedented challenges exacerbated by climate change and human interventions.This research establishes a comprehensive evaluation framework aligned with the United Nations'Sustainability Development Goals(SDGs)to assess water sustainability across 30 Chinese provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions(excluding Xizang,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan).By integrating natural,economic,and social factors,this research elucidated the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of water sustainability from 2010 to 2020,and projected future trajectories under diverse socio-economic pathways(SSPs)for 2030 and 2050.The main findings include:1)China's water sustainability demonstrated gradual improvement during 2010–2020,yet baseline levels remain suboptimal for achieving SDG targets in 2030.Projections suggest significant enhancements by 2050,particularly under the SSP1-2.6 sustainability-oriented scenario.2)Persistent regional disparities are evident,with acute sustainability deficits observed in densely populated,intensively cultivated northern and the arid northwestern territories.These disparities are projected to attenuate by 2050.3)Natural ecological processes emerge as the dominant contributor to water sustainability,with projected growth potential.Economic processes constitute a secondary driver,while social dimensions exhibit more limited influence,both displaying heterogeneous developmental trajectories.4)SDG 6.4(Water Use Efficiency)demonstrates the highest implementation efficiency,whereas SDG 6.3(Water Quality)and SDG 15.1(Terrestrial Ecosystem Conservation)require urgent policy interventions.This study demonstrates the applicability of the proposed SDGs-aligned framework in diagnosing China's water sustainability challenges,providing actionable insights for regional policy prioritization.The interdisciplinary methodology bridges scientific analysis and governance strategies,enabling robust decision-making under complex future uncertainties.展开更多
Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology has revolutionized biodiversity monitoring with its non-invasive,sensitive,and cost-efficient approach.This paper systematically reviews eDNA advancements,examining its applications i...Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology has revolutionized biodiversity monitoring with its non-invasive,sensitive,and cost-efficient approach.This paper systematically reviews eDNA advancements,examining its applications in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and assessing China’s standardization progress.It delineates four developmental phases from single-species detection to high-throughput sequencing,and highlights China’s contribution to the development of technical standards.While significant progress has been made,challenges persist in quantitative accuracy,methodological consistency,and large-scale implementation.Future efforts should prioritize enhanced standardization,improved quantification techniques,broader applications,and international collaboration to drive innovation in eDNA technology.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma presents with three distinct immune phenotypes,including immune-desert,immune-excluded,and immune-inflamed,indicating various treatment responses and prognostic outcomes.The clinical applicati...Hepatocellular carcinoma presents with three distinct immune phenotypes,including immune-desert,immune-excluded,and immune-inflamed,indicating various treatment responses and prognostic outcomes.The clinical application of multi-omics parameters is still restricted by the expensive and less accessible assays,although they accurately reflect immune status.A comprehensive evaluation framework based on“easy-to-obtain”multi-model clinical parameters is urgently required,incorporating clinical features to establish baseline patient profiles and disease staging;routine blood tests assessing systemic metabolic and functional status;immune cell subsets quantifying subcluster dynamics;imaging features delineating tumor morphology,spatial configuration,and perilesional anatomical relationships;immunohistochemical markers positioning qualitative and quantitative detection of tumor antigens from the cellular and molecular level.This integrated phenomic approach aims to improve prognostic stratification and clinical decision-making in hepatocellular carcinoma management conveniently and practically.展开更多
Objective:To systematically review the current implementation status of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority and analyze the barriers encountered during its implementation in China,providing countermeasu...Objective:To systematically review the current implementation status of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority and analyze the barriers encountered during its implementation in China,providing countermeasures and references for promoting the standardized implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.Methods:A secondary analysis of literature was conducted to systematically search for domestic and international literature related to nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.Meta-analysis was performed on eligible literature to evaluate the implementation effects.Simultaneously,semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with healthcare workers,patients,and policymakers.Content analysis was used to organize the interview data and extract core issues and barriers.Results:A total of 46 international articles were included in the Meta-analysis,which revealed that the implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority significantly improved patients’health management outcomes,enhanced healthcare service efficiency,and increased patient satisfaction.Conclusion:The implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority has demonstrated significant positive effects.However,China faces multiple barriers in its advancement,necessitating efforts in optimizing policy systems,constructing collaborative models,strengthening professional skills training,and improving social awareness to guide the scientific and rational implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.展开更多
For the purpose of accommodating the relationship between the protection of nature reserve and the development of local society and economy,this paper,taking Dalian Chengshantou Nature Reserve as a study area and PRA ...For the purpose of accommodating the relationship between the protection of nature reserve and the development of local society and economy,this paper,taking Dalian Chengshantou Nature Reserve as a study area and PRA as a main research method,investigated and analyzed the status of social and economical development and the existing problems in the study area. The result shows that: the contradictory between the protection of nature reserve and the local development of social and economical activities are still prominent,and the principle of " integration of protection and reasonable development" proposed by the general plan of nature reserve has not reached the expected result.Therefore,further efforts should be made firstly to accommodating relationship between the protection of nature reserve and the local development activities,secondly to accelerating the development of eco-tourism and the relevant service industries in accordance with the local practical situations,and finally to promoting the sustainable development of both the protection of nature reserve and the local society and economy.展开更多
China has made great progress in the study of socio-economic water cycle. She has completed national water resources appraisement and medium to long-term water supply planning. She has been engaging in study on water-...China has made great progress in the study of socio-economic water cycle. She has completed national water resources appraisement and medium to long-term water supply planning. She has been engaging in study on water-deficient regions in North China and Northwest China for about half a century. For solving water shortage problem in northern China, she has put forward the famous South-to-North Water Transferring Projects, which has been set as one of the four biggest national projects in the Tenth Five-Year-Plan period although there are still debates. For promoting water use efficiency, China has been reforming her water management system, including water right system and water price system. There has already been a case of water right purchase. China has also done a lot of research on the interaction between human activity, water and ecosystem. For meeting the need of sustainability and coordinating water resources development and environmental protection, the study of ecological water requirement became very hot in recent years. There are three focuses of socio-economic water cycle study now in China: water transfer projects from the south to the north, water resources management and ecological water requirement.展开更多
For the scientific management of farmland, it is significant to understand the spatio-temporal variability of soil organic matter and to study the influences of related factors. Using geostatistical theory, GIS spatia...For the scientific management of farmland, it is significant to understand the spatio-temporal variability of soil organic matter and to study the influences of related factors. Using geostatistical theory, GIS spatial analysis, trend analysis and a Geographically Weighted Regression （GWR） model, this study analyzed the response of soil organic matter to climate and socio-economic factors in central Heilongjiang Province during the past 25 years. Second soil survey data of China for 1979-1985, 2005 field sampling data, climate observations and socio-economic data for 1980-2005 were analyzed. First, soil organic matter in 2005 was spatially interpolated using the Co-Kriging method along with auxiliary data sets of soil type and pH. The spatio-temporal variability was then studied by comparison with the 1980s second soil census data. Next, the temporal trends in climate and socio-economic factors over the past 25 years were investigated. Finally, we examined the variation of the response of soil organic matter to climate and socio-economic factors using the GWR model spatially and temporally. The model showed that 53.82% area of the organic matter content remained constant and 29.39% has decreased during the past 25 years. The impact of precipitation on organic matter content is mainly negative, with increasing absolute values of the regression coefficient. The absolute value of regression coefficient of annual average temperature has decreased, and more areas are now under its negative effects. In addition, the areas of positive regression coefficient of annual sunshine hours have northward shifted, with the increasing absolute value of positive coefficient and decreasing absolute value of negative coefficient. The areas of positive regression coefficient of mechanized farming as a socio-economic factor have westward shifted, with the increasing absolute value of negative coefficient and decreasing absolute value of positive coefficient. The area of regions with the positive regression coefficient of irrigation has expanded. The regions with positive regression coefficient of fertilizer use have shrinked. The positive regression coefficient of mulch film consumption has significantly increased. The regression coefficient of pesticide consumption was mainly positive in the west of the study area, while it was negative to the east. Generally, GWR model is capable to investigate the influence of both climatic and socio-economic factors, avoided the insufficiency of other research based on the single perspective of climatic or socio-economic factors. Therefore, we can conclude that GWR model could provide methodological support for global change research and serve as basic reference for cultivated land quality improvement and agricultural decision making.展开更多
The Karst of Southwest China is a typical representative of poverty stricken region with impoverishment-degradation spiral. To essentially break away from this vicious circle, the local ecology, economy and society s...The Karst of Southwest China is a typical representative of poverty stricken region with impoverishment-degradation spiral. To essentially break away from this vicious circle, the local ecology, economy and society should be rehabilitated, and hence to strengthen the self-development capacity building of the localities. Two considerations are stressed in this article: (1) Poverty alleviation is a system project with great complexities. Any single approach is difficult to success and integrated measures should be taken. (2) Some typical and feasible areas should be selected to demonstrate the project of poverty alleviation and ecological, socio-economic reconstruction. Then, they can be used as a model to promote the sustainable development of the whole region. Based upon these ideals, a project entitled “Reversal of Impoverishment-Degradation Spiral in the Karst of Southwest China' was proposed and has been listed in 《Priority Programme for China's Agenda 21》.展开更多
In recent years, the role of human activities in changing sediment yield has become more apparent for the construction of hydraulic engineering and water conservation projections in the Upper Yangtze River, but it has...In recent years, the role of human activities in changing sediment yield has become more apparent for the construction of hydraulic engineering and water conservation projections in the Upper Yangtze River, but it has not been evaluated at the macro scale. Taking Sichuan Province and Chongqing City as an example, this paper studies the relationship between socio-economic factors and sediment yield in the Upper Yangtze River based on section data in 1989 and 2007. The results show that sediment yield is significantly correlated with population density and cultivated area, in which the former appears to be more closely related to sediment yield. Moreover, in the relation of sediment yield vs. population density, a critical value of population density exists, below which the sediment yield increases with the increase of population density and over which the sediment yield increases with the decrease of population density. The phenomenon essentially reflects the influence of natural factors, such as topography, precipitation and soil property, and some human activities on sediment yield. The region with a higher population density than critical value is located in the east of the study area and is characterized by plains, hills and low mountains, whereas the opposite is located in the west and characterized by middle and high mountains. In the eastern region, more people live on the lands with a low slope where regional soil erosion is slight; therefore, sediment yield is negatively related with population density. In contrast, in the western region, the population tends to aggregate in the areas with abundant soil and water resources which usually lead to a higher intensity of natural erosion, and in turn, high-intensity agricultural practices in these areas may further strengthen local soil erosion. It is also found that population tends to move from the areas with bad environment and high sediment yield to the areas with more comfortable environment and less sediment yield. The natural factors have greater influence on sediment yield of western region than that of eastern region. Generally, the natural factors play a dominant role on sediment yield in the Upper Yangtze River.展开更多
Objective To determine the associations of socio-economic and psychosocial factors with active and passive smoking in older adults. Methods Using a standard interview method, we examined random samples of 6071 people ...Objective To determine the associations of socio-economic and psychosocial factors with active and passive smoking in older adults. Methods Using a standard interview method, we examined random samples of 6071 people aged 〉 60 years in 5 provinces of China during 2007-2009. Results World age-standardised prevalence for current and former smoking in men was 45.6% and 20.5%, and in women 11.1% and 4.5%. Current smoking reduced with older age but increased with men, low socioeconomic status （SES）, alcohol drinking, being never-married, pessimistic and depressive syndromes. Former smoking was associated with men, secondary school education, a middle-high income, being a businessman, being widowed, less frequencies of visiting children/relatives and friends, and worrying about children. Among 3774 never-smokers, the prevalence of passive smoking was 31.5%, and the risk increased with women, low SES, alcohol drinking, being married, having a religious believe, and daily visiting children/relatives. There were sex differences in the associations, and an interaction effect of education and income on smoking and passive smoking. Conclusion Older Chinese had a higher level of smoking and passive smoking than those in high income countries, reflecting China＇s failures in controlling smoking. The associations with low SES and different psychosocial aspects and sex differences suggest preventative strategies for active and passive smoking.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42171295,No.42401380Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Henan Province,No.242300421144+1 种基金The Postgraduate Cultivating Innovation and Quality Improvement Action Plan of Henan University,No.SYLYC2022013Henan Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project,No.24HASTIT050。
文摘A low-carbon lifestyle presents new opportunities for sustainable urban development.While previous studies have verified the impact of the built environment and socioeconomic status(SES)on low-carbon lifestyles,they have primarily focused on direct effects.At present,there is still a lack of analysis on the interaction effects on low-carbon lifestyles,and limited attention has been given to the peer effect in low-carbon lifestyles,especially in the context of residential differentiation.Therefore,we take Zhengzhou city as the case area and first calculate the low-carbon lifestyle of 1485 families from three dimensions:low-carbon action(A),low-carbon interest(I)and low-carbon opinion(O).We then analyze the direct and interactive impacts of the built environment and SES on low-carbon lifestyles and explore the peer effect.Our findings indicate that families with higher SES have higher levels of low-carbon interest and low-carbon opinion,but relatively low levels of low-carbon action.This suggests an interest-action bias in the low-carbon lifestyles of high-SES families.POI density,road network density and accessibility positively affect low-carbon lifestyles—that is,residents living in areas with well-developed infrastructure and convenient transportation tend to be green in their daily behavior.The peer effect influences low-carbon action,interest,and opinion by 54.6%,34.9%,and 16%,respectively,indicating that the peer effect is most evident in low-carbon action.That is,the peer effect is more obvious in low-carbon action.In addition,the built environment affects the low-carbon lifestyles of different SES groups.Land-use mix positively increases low-carbon action and low-carbon interest among high-SES groups but reduces low-carbon opinion.Road network density positively affects the low-carbon action of high-SES groups and the low-carbon interest and low-carbon opinion of low-SES groups.This study explores low-carbon lifestyles from a situational perspective,providing a practical basis for policies aimed at accelerating a transition to sustainable living.
文摘Every day many students apply for and enroll in language-teaching courses to achieve their aims through learning another language. However, learning another language does not occur identically among all students. Some students learn a language, even their own mother tongue earlier but some others may need to spend more time acquiring a language. Seeking out for the probable reasons for such a difference, the current study following the constructivist approach to language learning and bearing in mind the role of society and human communities in language learning, was concluded to investigate the probable impact（s） of some social variables （social status, attitudinal and motivational status of learners） on language learning outcomes of Iranian adult learners assessed through a standardized English proficiency test. The findings have revealed that the social milieu in which learners live may play a decisive role as far as learning opportunities, input and resources are concerned.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the association between various lifestyle factors and achalasia risk.METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Northern Ireland, including n = 151 achalasia cases and n = 117 age- and sexmatched controls. Lifestyle factors were assessed via a face-to-face structured interview. The association between achalasia and lifestyle factors was assessed by unconditional logistic regression, to produce odds ratios(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI).RESULTS: Individuals who had low-class occupations were at the highest risk of achalasia(OR = 1.88, 95%CI: 1.02-3.45), inferring that high-class occupation holders have a reduced risk of achalasia. A history of foreign travel, a lifestyle factor linked to upper socioeconomic class, was also associated with a reduced risk of achalasia(OR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.35-0.99). Smoking and alcohol consumption carried significantly reduced risks of achalasia, even after adjustment for socio-economic status. The presence of pets in the house was associated with a two-fold increased risk of achalasia(OR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.17-3.42). Nochildhood household factors were associated with achalasia risk.CONCLUSION: Achalasia is a disease of inequality, and individuals from low socio-economic backgrounds are at highest risk. This does not appear to be due to corresponding alcohol and smoking behaviours. An observed positive association between pet ownership and achalasia risk suggests an interaction between endotoxin and viral infection exposure in achalasia aetiology.
文摘Objectives: The main aim of the current study is to examine the influence of socio-economic status and environmental factors on serologically diagnosed Japanese encephalitis cases in the state of West Bengal, India during 2005-2010. Materials and methods: A total of 648 blood/CSF specimens were collected and/or referred from the suspected AES cases, admitted in the different medical colleges and hospitals of the state during the year of 2005-2010. These specimens were subjected to JE Mac ELISA to determine the actual JE case amongst these AES. The association of the socio-economic status and environmental factors with the serologically diagnosed JE positive cases was studied by a statistical analysis through Normal Deviate test or Z test. Result: Out of 648 specimens, only 175 (27.0%) specimens were reactive to JE IgM antibody, of which 60.0% were from the male individuals and 40.0% from the female population. Major cases were observed in the age group of 0 - 10 years;followed by 11 - 20 years. Regarding literacy, only 58.3% cases had no education and 41.7% were from the literate with varying level of education, i.e., from primary level to post gra- duate level. A total of 65.7% cases were from low income group where as only 34.3% cases were from high income group. Regarding house type, 62.3% cases lived in mud house and 37.7% cases lived in the brick house. In most of the cases (74.3%), persons were living in close proximity to rice fields/lakes/ponds. 69.7% cases were found to occur in the monsoon and post-monsoon period whereas 30.3% cases were reported in the pre-monsoon period. Conclusion: Our study concludes that socio-economic status and environmental conditions were statistically significant contextual risk factors for serologically diagnosed JE incidences in West Bengal where JE is proved to be endemic in nature and such study constitutes a new report of this kind in the region.
文摘Objectives:The study examined socio-economic status and gender as determinant of dietary practices of senior secondary school students in Edo South Senatorial district for healthy living and sustainability.Methodology:Quasi experimental research design was employed in the study.Three research questions were raised and formulated into hypotheses,tested at 0.05 level of significance.A multistage random sampling technique was used to sample 245 students from two public schools in Oredo local government areas within Edo south senatorial district.Two(2)instruments(questionnaire and achievement test)validated and reliability of 0.64 and 0.84 reliability co-efficient were obtained.The demographic data/SES,dietary practices(DDPSESQ)was used to obtain information on their dietary practices and socio-economic status,while the pictorial nutrition achievement test(PNAT)consisted of the pre-and post-test.The treatment package comprised planned lessons of 40 minutes each for six(6)weeks.The data collected were analyzed using inferential statistics;hypotheses 1 and 2 were tested using the independent t-test while hypothesis 3 was tested using One-Way ANOVA statistics.Findings:The study revealed that there is no significant difference in dietary practices of students of high,medium and low socio-economic status as a result of exposure to pictorial nutrition education.There was no significant difference in dietary practices by gender.The study concluded that socio-economic status does not determine dietary practices of secondary school students for responsible living.
文摘Introduction: The incidence of stroke has decreased in Sweden as well as in most developed countries, but a high number of migrants have arrived in Sweden, during the last decades, which may have influenced the incidence. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of stroke in women, born outside as well as in Sweden. Furthermore, the aim was to examine how socio-economic factors, smoking, and physical activity could modify the risk for stroke. Method: Data from the “MalmöDiet and Cancer Study” was used for the analysis. In total, 16,857 women were included (14,849 of them born in and 2,008 born outside Sweden), aged 45 - 73 years with a mean age of 57.4 years. Result. A significantly increased relative risk (RR) was found for the incidence of stroke for current smokers in both Swedish-born and migrant women. In Swedish-born women the RR was 1.98 (CI: 1.66 - 2.36) and for migrant women the RR was 1.83(CI: 1.13 - 2.96). The adjusted relative risk for the incidence of stroke in Swedish-born women performing moderate/high physical activity was RR 0.71 (CI: 0.61 - 0.84) and for migrant women it was RR 0.77 (CI: 0.49 - 1.20). The relative risk in relation to low socio-economic circumstances (SES) was significant only for Swedish-born women (RR 0.85 [CI: 0.73 - 0.99]). Among currently smoking Swedish-born women with a low SES the RR was 1.27 (CI: 1.03 - 1.57) in comparison with smoking migrant women, whose RR was 1.68 (CI: 0.92 - 3.09). Conclusion: No differences were found indicating that migrant women in this population had a higher risk as compared to Swedish-born women. However, migrant smoking women were more vulnerable to stroke compared to Swedish-born women. Physical activity was effective in reducing the risk of stroke among the total population and especially in the Swedish-born women. To increase physical activity in middle-aged women, in both migrant and Swedish-born women, is a highly recommended public health strategy.
文摘The most important step in creating a teaching force for physical education(PE)is finding enough qualified teachers.In order to better absorb the PE teaching talents who aremore suitable for the job requirements,the ability variables of sports talents,the expected regional social and economic status,and historical data are considered,the intelligent matching of talents and positions is made,and the Bayesian variational network recommendation model considering the needs is constructed.According to the experimental findings,this model’s highest recommendation accuracy in the normal scenario is 0.5888 and its maximum recommendation accuracy in the training and test sets is roughly 0.6 and 0.68.The model has good convergence and high accuracy of recommendation,which is conducive to matching PE teaching talents and teaching positions,providing job seekers with positions that meet their needs,providing teaching talents to meet the requirements,and creating a team of PE teachers that match people and posts.
基金Under the auspices of National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0604902,2024YFF1306802)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2022J01497)Open Project of the Strait Meteorology Laboratory(No.2025KF03)。
文摘China’s coastal regions,characterized by dense populations and industrial agglomeration,face escalating threats from typhoon disasters.Understanding the evolution of socio-economic exposure to future typhoon landfalls under global change is critical for effective disaster risk management.This study utilizes future typhoon track data simulated by the regional climate model version 4(RegCM4),combined with projected population and Gross Domestic Product(GDP)data for China’s coastal regions under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs:SSP1,sustainability;SSP2,middle of the road;SSP5,fossil-fueled development).We analyze typhoon impact zones for future periods(2030s,2050s,and 2090s)under Representative Concentration Pathways(RCPs:RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5,representing low,medium,and high greenhouse gas emission scenarios,respectively).Exposure levels for 2030,2050,and 2100 are calculated based on the annual average frequency of typhoon impacts during these periods,aiming to quantify the distribution characteristics of typhoon-affected population and GDP in China’s coastal regions.Key findings reveal two high-frequency typhoon im-pact zones:the Taiwan Strait region and the northern Qiongzhou Strait region.Furthermore,under RCP2.6,typhoon impacts may ex-tend to Liaoning,while RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios indicate potential impacts reaching further north to Heilongjiang.Under RCP4.5,Northeast China will experience the largest typhoon-affected area(43.800×10^(4) km^(2))by the 2030s.High population and GDP exposure concentrates in the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta,and the Taiwan Strait coastal areas.Notably,Liaoning’s cumulative ex-posed population may exceed 0.100×10^(8) by 2030 and 2050 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 due to typhoon track migration.Given China’s location within the Western Pacific typhoon high-incidence region,the northward expansion of impacts will substantially escalate socio-economic exposure in mid-latitude regions previously at lower risk.These findings underscore the imperative for enhanced disaster pre-vention,mitigation strategies and targeted countermeasure research.
文摘This study examines the socio-economic profile of livestock farmers in coastal Côte d’Ivoire. A total of 43 people were interviewed using well-structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive methods. The results showed that local Lagoon breeders are divided into two zones: southwest and southeast. Breeders in the south-western region are generally located in two sub-prefectures of the Tabou Department (Grabo and Oulodio). Tabou’s department alone accounts for 42% of the Lagoon breed in Côte d’Ivoire. Agriculture in this area is traditionally sedentary, practiced for social reasons. On the other hand, the south-eastern zone, located in the departments of Aboisso, Adzopé, Agboville, Grand-Lahou, Jacqueville, Abidjan, Dabou and Sikensi, represents 58% of the Lagoon breeding area in Côte d’Ivoire. This second group is characterised by improved breeding. Most of the farmers interviewed in this zone breed for economic reasons. However, the risk of cross-breeding, which already affects the local Lagoon breed, could be increased by the presence of other species such as the Zebu and Ndamas, or even the Baoulé, in this south-eastern herd.
基金project entitled“Impact Assessment of Potential of goat farming and its Allied Activities on Socio-Economic Development of Rural Population in Aligarh District,U.P”(F.N0.02/159/2022-23/ICSSR/RP/MJ/GEN)sanctioned to Professor Nizamuddin Khan,Department of Geography,A.M.U,Aligarh.
文摘Goat husbandry plays a crucial role in the agrarian economy of Aligarh district,Uttar Pradesh,offering a sustainable source of income and livelihood for marginalized communities,landless farmers,and smallholders.This study explores the socio-economic dimensions of goat farming in the district,analyzing its impact on income generation,employment,and rural development.The present study is based on both primary and secondary data.The primary data is obtained from 12 sampled villages,and the secondary data is obtained from Statistical Bulletins of Aligarh District.The study examines the demographic composition of goat rearers,landholding patterns,and the role of gender and caste in traditional goat rearing.The findings highlight that goat farming serves as a financial safety net,often referred to as the“poor farmer’s ATM”due to its low input costs and quick returns.The study further assesses the trends,market dynamics,and future prospects of modern scientific goat farming in the region.The results indicate that despite regional variations in herd size and market accessibility,goat husbandry remains a viable strategy for poverty alleviation and economic resilience.The study concludes by emphasizing the need for improved veterinary support,financial assistance,and market linkages to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of goat farming in the district.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42271311)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Sciences(No.SKLEC-KF202204)Discipline Co-construction Project on 2024 Guangdong Philosophy and Social Science Foundation(No.GD24XGL026)。
文摘Water resources play a fundamental role in maintaining ecosystem well-being and supporting socio-economic progress.Nevertheless,the water sustainability confronts unprecedented challenges exacerbated by climate change and human interventions.This research establishes a comprehensive evaluation framework aligned with the United Nations'Sustainability Development Goals(SDGs)to assess water sustainability across 30 Chinese provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions(excluding Xizang,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan).By integrating natural,economic,and social factors,this research elucidated the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of water sustainability from 2010 to 2020,and projected future trajectories under diverse socio-economic pathways(SSPs)for 2030 and 2050.The main findings include:1)China's water sustainability demonstrated gradual improvement during 2010–2020,yet baseline levels remain suboptimal for achieving SDG targets in 2030.Projections suggest significant enhancements by 2050,particularly under the SSP1-2.6 sustainability-oriented scenario.2)Persistent regional disparities are evident,with acute sustainability deficits observed in densely populated,intensively cultivated northern and the arid northwestern territories.These disparities are projected to attenuate by 2050.3)Natural ecological processes emerge as the dominant contributor to water sustainability,with projected growth potential.Economic processes constitute a secondary driver,while social dimensions exhibit more limited influence,both displaying heterogeneous developmental trajectories.4)SDG 6.4(Water Use Efficiency)demonstrates the highest implementation efficiency,whereas SDG 6.3(Water Quality)and SDG 15.1(Terrestrial Ecosystem Conservation)require urgent policy interventions.This study demonstrates the applicability of the proposed SDGs-aligned framework in diagnosing China's water sustainability challenges,providing actionable insights for regional policy prioritization.The interdisciplinary methodology bridges scientific analysis and governance strategies,enabling robust decision-making under complex future uncertainties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32160172)the Key Science-Technology Project of Inner Mongolia(2023KYPT0010)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.2025QN03006)the 2023 Inner Mongolia Public Institution High-Level Talent Introduction Scientific Research Support Project.
文摘Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology has revolutionized biodiversity monitoring with its non-invasive,sensitive,and cost-efficient approach.This paper systematically reviews eDNA advancements,examining its applications in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and assessing China’s standardization progress.It delineates four developmental phases from single-species detection to high-throughput sequencing,and highlights China’s contribution to the development of technical standards.While significant progress has been made,challenges persist in quantitative accuracy,methodological consistency,and large-scale implementation.Future efforts should prioritize enhanced standardization,improved quantification techniques,broader applications,and international collaboration to drive innovation in eDNA technology.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma presents with three distinct immune phenotypes,including immune-desert,immune-excluded,and immune-inflamed,indicating various treatment responses and prognostic outcomes.The clinical application of multi-omics parameters is still restricted by the expensive and less accessible assays,although they accurately reflect immune status.A comprehensive evaluation framework based on“easy-to-obtain”multi-model clinical parameters is urgently required,incorporating clinical features to establish baseline patient profiles and disease staging;routine blood tests assessing systemic metabolic and functional status;immune cell subsets quantifying subcluster dynamics;imaging features delineating tumor morphology,spatial configuration,and perilesional anatomical relationships;immunohistochemical markers positioning qualitative and quantitative detection of tumor antigens from the cellular and molecular level.This integrated phenomic approach aims to improve prognostic stratification and clinical decision-making in hepatocellular carcinoma management conveniently and practically.
基金Scientific Research Fund Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(Project No.:2024J2130)。
文摘Objective:To systematically review the current implementation status of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority and analyze the barriers encountered during its implementation in China,providing countermeasures and references for promoting the standardized implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.Methods:A secondary analysis of literature was conducted to systematically search for domestic and international literature related to nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.Meta-analysis was performed on eligible literature to evaluate the implementation effects.Simultaneously,semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with healthcare workers,patients,and policymakers.Content analysis was used to organize the interview data and extract core issues and barriers.Results:A total of 46 international articles were included in the Meta-analysis,which revealed that the implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority significantly improved patients’health management outcomes,enhanced healthcare service efficiency,and increased patient satisfaction.Conclusion:The implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority has demonstrated significant positive effects.However,China faces multiple barriers in its advancement,necessitating efforts in optimizing policy systems,constructing collaborative models,strengthening professional skills training,and improving social awareness to guide the scientific and rational implementation of nurses’non-pharmacological prescription authority.
基金Supported by Commissioned Project of Dalian Chengshantou Coastal Landform National Nature Reserve Administration
文摘For the purpose of accommodating the relationship between the protection of nature reserve and the development of local society and economy,this paper,taking Dalian Chengshantou Nature Reserve as a study area and PRA as a main research method,investigated and analyzed the status of social and economical development and the existing problems in the study area. The result shows that: the contradictory between the protection of nature reserve and the local development of social and economical activities are still prominent,and the principle of " integration of protection and reasonable development" proposed by the general plan of nature reserve has not reached the expected result.Therefore,further efforts should be made firstly to accommodating relationship between the protection of nature reserve and the local development activities,secondly to accelerating the development of eco-tourism and the relevant service industries in accordance with the local practical situations,and finally to promoting the sustainable development of both the protection of nature reserve and the local society and economy.
基金Chinese Academy of Sciences,KZCX1-10-03, KZCX2-317, No.IV-9903Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CASCXIOG-B00-04 National Basic Research Development Programme,No.1999043602.
文摘China has made great progress in the study of socio-economic water cycle. She has completed national water resources appraisement and medium to long-term water supply planning. She has been engaging in study on water-deficient regions in North China and Northwest China for about half a century. For solving water shortage problem in northern China, she has put forward the famous South-to-North Water Transferring Projects, which has been set as one of the four biggest national projects in the Tenth Five-Year-Plan period although there are still debates. For promoting water use efficiency, China has been reforming her water management system, including water right system and water price system. There has already been a case of water right purchase. China has also done a lot of research on the interaction between human activity, water and ecosystem. For meeting the need of sustainability and coordinating water resources development and environmental protection, the study of ecological water requirement became very hot in recent years. There are three focuses of socio-economic water cycle study now in China: water transfer projects from the south to the north, water resources management and ecological water requirement.
基金financed by the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB951502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41101537,40930101,41201184 and 71203157)
文摘For the scientific management of farmland, it is significant to understand the spatio-temporal variability of soil organic matter and to study the influences of related factors. Using geostatistical theory, GIS spatial analysis, trend analysis and a Geographically Weighted Regression （GWR） model, this study analyzed the response of soil organic matter to climate and socio-economic factors in central Heilongjiang Province during the past 25 years. Second soil survey data of China for 1979-1985, 2005 field sampling data, climate observations and socio-economic data for 1980-2005 were analyzed. First, soil organic matter in 2005 was spatially interpolated using the Co-Kriging method along with auxiliary data sets of soil type and pH. The spatio-temporal variability was then studied by comparison with the 1980s second soil census data. Next, the temporal trends in climate and socio-economic factors over the past 25 years were investigated. Finally, we examined the variation of the response of soil organic matter to climate and socio-economic factors using the GWR model spatially and temporally. The model showed that 53.82% area of the organic matter content remained constant and 29.39% has decreased during the past 25 years. The impact of precipitation on organic matter content is mainly negative, with increasing absolute values of the regression coefficient. The absolute value of regression coefficient of annual average temperature has decreased, and more areas are now under its negative effects. In addition, the areas of positive regression coefficient of annual sunshine hours have northward shifted, with the increasing absolute value of positive coefficient and decreasing absolute value of negative coefficient. The areas of positive regression coefficient of mechanized farming as a socio-economic factor have westward shifted, with the increasing absolute value of negative coefficient and decreasing absolute value of positive coefficient. The area of regions with the positive regression coefficient of irrigation has expanded. The regions with positive regression coefficient of fertilizer use have shrinked. The positive regression coefficient of mulch film consumption has significantly increased. The regression coefficient of pesticide consumption was mainly positive in the west of the study area, while it was negative to the east. Generally, GWR model is capable to investigate the influence of both climatic and socio-economic factors, avoided the insufficiency of other research based on the single perspective of climatic or socio-economic factors. Therefore, we can conclude that GWR model could provide methodological support for global change research and serve as basic reference for cultivated land quality improvement and agricultural decision making.
文摘The Karst of Southwest China is a typical representative of poverty stricken region with impoverishment-degradation spiral. To essentially break away from this vicious circle, the local ecology, economy and society should be rehabilitated, and hence to strengthen the self-development capacity building of the localities. Two considerations are stressed in this article: (1) Poverty alleviation is a system project with great complexities. Any single approach is difficult to success and integrated measures should be taken. (2) Some typical and feasible areas should be selected to demonstrate the project of poverty alleviation and ecological, socio-economic reconstruction. Then, they can be used as a model to promote the sustainable development of the whole region. Based upon these ideals, a project entitled “Reversal of Impoverishment-Degradation Spiral in the Karst of Southwest China' was proposed and has been listed in 《Priority Programme for China's Agenda 21》.
基金Commonweal Special Project of the Minislry of Water Resources of China, No.2007SHZ0901034 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40971012 Acknowledgements We are grateful to Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences for providing the data of soil and to China Meteorological Administration for providing the data of precipitation.
文摘In recent years, the role of human activities in changing sediment yield has become more apparent for the construction of hydraulic engineering and water conservation projections in the Upper Yangtze River, but it has not been evaluated at the macro scale. Taking Sichuan Province and Chongqing City as an example, this paper studies the relationship between socio-economic factors and sediment yield in the Upper Yangtze River based on section data in 1989 and 2007. The results show that sediment yield is significantly correlated with population density and cultivated area, in which the former appears to be more closely related to sediment yield. Moreover, in the relation of sediment yield vs. population density, a critical value of population density exists, below which the sediment yield increases with the increase of population density and over which the sediment yield increases with the decrease of population density. The phenomenon essentially reflects the influence of natural factors, such as topography, precipitation and soil property, and some human activities on sediment yield. The region with a higher population density than critical value is located in the east of the study area and is characterized by plains, hills and low mountains, whereas the opposite is located in the west and characterized by middle and high mountains. In the eastern region, more people live on the lands with a low slope where regional soil erosion is slight; therefore, sediment yield is negatively related with population density. In contrast, in the western region, the population tends to aggregate in the areas with abundant soil and water resources which usually lead to a higher intensity of natural erosion, and in turn, high-intensity agricultural practices in these areas may further strengthen local soil erosion. It is also found that population tends to move from the areas with bad environment and high sediment yield to the areas with more comfortable environment and less sediment yield. The natural factors have greater influence on sediment yield of western region than that of eastern region. Generally, the natural factors play a dominant role on sediment yield in the Upper Yangtze River.
基金supported by the Research Grants from the BUPA Foundation (45NOV06)Alzheimer’s Research Trust (ART/PPG2007B/2) in the UK.+1 种基金Anhui provincial natural science foundation for institutions of higher education (KJ2013A164)supported by the Strategic Research Development Fund,University of Wolverhampton in Centre for Health and Social Care Improvement, School of Health and Wellbeing,UK.
文摘Objective To determine the associations of socio-economic and psychosocial factors with active and passive smoking in older adults. Methods Using a standard interview method, we examined random samples of 6071 people aged 〉 60 years in 5 provinces of China during 2007-2009. Results World age-standardised prevalence for current and former smoking in men was 45.6% and 20.5%, and in women 11.1% and 4.5%. Current smoking reduced with older age but increased with men, low socioeconomic status （SES）, alcohol drinking, being never-married, pessimistic and depressive syndromes. Former smoking was associated with men, secondary school education, a middle-high income, being a businessman, being widowed, less frequencies of visiting children/relatives and friends, and worrying about children. Among 3774 never-smokers, the prevalence of passive smoking was 31.5%, and the risk increased with women, low SES, alcohol drinking, being married, having a religious believe, and daily visiting children/relatives. There were sex differences in the associations, and an interaction effect of education and income on smoking and passive smoking. Conclusion Older Chinese had a higher level of smoking and passive smoking than those in high income countries, reflecting China＇s failures in controlling smoking. The associations with low SES and different psychosocial aspects and sex differences suggest preventative strategies for active and passive smoking.
