The construction of“park cities”requires a systematic thinking to coordinate the networked development of park system and break through the limitation of emphasizing scale and grade and neglecting dynamic correlatio...The construction of“park cities”requires a systematic thinking to coordinate the networked development of park system and break through the limitation of emphasizing scale and grade and neglecting dynamic correlation in traditional planning.Taking Haidian District of Beijing as an example,the social network analysis method is introduced to construct the network model of park green spaces.Through indicators such as clustering coefficient,network density and node centrality,the characteristics of its spatial structure and hierarchical relationship are analyzed.It is found that the network integrity presents the characteristics of“highly local concentration and global fragmentation”,fragmented park green space network and missing spatial connection,isolated clusters and collaborative failure,as well as the spatial mismatch between population and resource supply and demand.Hierarchical issues include“structural imbalance and functional disorder”,disorder between network hierarchy and park level,misalignment of functional hierarchy leading to weakened network risk resistance capacity,and a relatively dense distribution of core nodes,etc.In response to the above problems,a multi-level spatial intervention strategy should be adopted to solve the overall problem of the network.Meanwhile,it is needed to clarify the positioning of a park itself and improve the hierarchical system,so as to construct a multi-level and multi-scale park green space network,contribute to the construction of a park city,and provide residents with more diverse activity venues.展开更多
Purpose:We analyzed the structure of a community of authors working in the field of social network analysis(SNA)based on citation indicators:direct citation and bibliographic coupling metrics.We observed patterns at t...Purpose:We analyzed the structure of a community of authors working in the field of social network analysis(SNA)based on citation indicators:direct citation and bibliographic coupling metrics.We observed patterns at the micro,meso,and macro levels of analysis.Design/methodology/approach:We used bibliometric network analysis,including the“temporal quantities”approach proposed to study temporal networks.Using a two-mode network linking publications with authors and a one-mode network of citations between the works,we constructed and analyzed the networks of citation and bibliographic coupling among authors.We used an iterated saturation data collection approach.Findings:At the macro-level,we observed the global structural features of citations between authors,showing that 80%of authors have not more than 15 citations from other works.At the meso-level,we extracted the groups of authors citing each other and similar to each other according to their citation patterns.We have seen a division of authors in SNA into groups of social scientists and physicists,as well as into other groups of authors from different disciplines.We found some examples of brokerage between different groups that maintained the common identity of the field.At the micro-level,we extracted authors with extremely high values of received citations,who can be considered as the most prominent authors in the field.We examined the temporal properties of the most popular authors.Research limitations:The main challenge in this approach is the resolution of the author’s name(synonyms and homonyms).We faced the author disambiguation,or“multiple personalities”(Harzing,2015)problem.To remain consistent and comparable with our previously published articles,we used the same SNA data collected up to 2018.The analysis and conclusions on the activity,productivity,and visibility of the authors are relative only to the field of SNA.Practical implications:The proposed approach can be utilized for similar objectives and identifying key structures and characteristics in other disciplines.This may potentially inspire the application of network approaches in other research areas,creating more authors collaborating in the field of SNA.Originality/value:We identified and applied an innovative approach and methods to study the structure of scientific communities,which allowed us to get the findings going beyond those obtained with other methods.We used a new approach to temporal network analysis,which is an important addition to the analysis as it provides detailed information on different measures for the authors and pairs of authors over time.展开更多
In a social network analysis the output provided includes many measures and metrics. For each of these measures and metric, the output provides the ability to obtain a rank ordering of the nodes in terms of these meas...In a social network analysis the output provided includes many measures and metrics. For each of these measures and metric, the output provides the ability to obtain a rank ordering of the nodes in terms of these measures. We might use this information in decision making concerning disrupting or deceiving a given network. All is fine when all the measures indicate the same node as the key or influential node. What happens when the measures indicate different key nodes？ Our goal in this paper is to explore two methodologies to identify the key players or nodes in a given network. We apply TOPSIS to analyze these outputs to find the most influential nodes as a function of the decision makers＇ inputs as a process to consider both subjective and objectives inputs through pairwise comparison matrices. We illustrate our results using two common networks from the literature： the Kite network and the Information flow network from Knoke and Wood. We discuss some basic sensitivity analysis can may be applied to the methods. We find the use of TOPSIS as a flexible method to weight the criterion based upon the decision makers＇ inputs or the topology of the network.展开更多
Purpose: This paper intends to explore a quantitative method for investigating the characteristics of information diffusion through social media like weblogs and microblogs.By using the social network analysis methods...Purpose: This paper intends to explore a quantitative method for investigating the characteristics of information diffusion through social media like weblogs and microblogs.By using the social network analysis methods,we attempt to analyze the different characteristics of information diffusion in weblogs and microblogs as well as the possible reasons of these differences.Design/methodology/approach: Using the social network analysis methods,this paper carries out an empirical study by taking the Chinese weblogs and microblogs in the field of Library and Information Science(LIS) as the research sample and employing measures such as network density,core/peripheral structure and centrality.Findings: Firstly,both bloggers and microbloggers maintain weak ties,and both of their social networks display a small-world effect. Secondly,compared with weblog users,microblog users are more interconnected,more equal and more capable of developing relationships with people outside their own social networks. Thirdly,the microblogging social network is more conducive to information diffusion than the blogging network,because of their differences in functions and the information flow mechanism. Finally,the communication mode emerged with microblogging,with the characteristics of micro-content,multi-channel information dissemination,dense and decentralized social network and content aggregation,will be one of the trends in the development of the information exchange platform in the future.Research limitations: The sample size needs to be increased so that samples are more representative. Errors may exist during the data collection. Moreover,the individual-level characteristics of the samples as well as the types of information exchanged need to be further studied.Practical implications: This preliminary study explores the characteristics of information diffusion in the network environment and verifies the feasibility of conducting a quantitative analysis of information diffusion through social media. In addition,it provides insight into the characteristics of information diffusion in weblogs and microblogs and the possible reasons of these differences.Originality/value: We have analyzed the characteristics of information diffusion in weblogs and microblogs by using the social network analysis methods. This research will be useful for a quantitative analysis of the underlying mechanisms of information flow through social media in the network environment.展开更多
Social network analysis(SNA) has been introduced to China's Mainland since the end of last century. It is often stated that SNA research has experienced rapid growth in China over these years, but few studies have...Social network analysis(SNA) has been introduced to China's Mainland since the end of last century. It is often stated that SNA research has experienced rapid growth in China over these years, but few studies have been conducted to prove the statement. This paper aims at exploring the research status and development of SNA in China by a critical assessment of journal articles. Our findings show that SNA is an evolving and diversified research area which has rich themes and topics, and can be applied to those studies on different levels, context and disciplines, and attract researchers and scholars from various fields and domains. In addition, the information community(Library & Information Science and Information Systems) plays a leading role in the SNA related researches. The paper also points out the research on SNA in China has some limitations, so it proposes several implications for the future development of SNA research from perspectives of information science.展开更多
Objective To study the research status,research hotspots and development trends in the field of real-world data(RWD)through social network analysis and knowledge graph analysis.Methods RWD of the past 10 years were re...Objective To study the research status,research hotspots and development trends in the field of real-world data(RWD)through social network analysis and knowledge graph analysis.Methods RWD of the past 10 years were retrieved,and literature metrological analysis was made by using UCINET and CiteSpace from CNKI.Results and Conclusion The frequency and centrality of related keywords such as real-world study,hospital information system(HIS),drug combination,data mining and TCM are high.The clusters labeled as clinical medication and RWD contain more keywords.In recent 4 years,there are more articles involving the keywords of data specification,data authenticity,data security and information security.Among them,compound Kushen injection,HIS database and RWD are the top three keywords.It is a long-term research hotspot for Chinese and western medicine to use HIS to study clinical medication,clinical characteristics,diseases and injections.Besides,the research of RWD database has changed from construction to standardized collection and governance,which can make RWD effective.Data authenticity,data security and information security will become the new hotspots in the research of RWD.展开更多
Healthcare collaboration is crucial for reducing medical errors and ensuring patient safety,and effective collaboration is closely linked to visibility.However,research on how floor plans affect visibility among healt...Healthcare collaboration is crucial for reducing medical errors and ensuring patient safety,and effective collaboration is closely linked to visibility.However,research on how floor plans affect visibility among healthcare members(VHM)in inpatient care units is still insufficient,complicating architectural design decisions.This stems from the lack of methods to assess VHM in inpatient care units,where healthcare members'movements continuously alter their relative positions and visual relationships.This study proposes a novel method integrating agent-based simulation and social network analysis to assess VHM.The method first collects behavioral data from healthcare members to execute agent-based simulation.Subsequently,the simulated positions of healthcare members are used to construct visibility networks.Finally,social network analysis is applied to evaluate the VHM.The findings indicate:(1)the“multi-ring+branching”corridor shape exhibits the highest visibility;(2)shared staff stations improve visibility across different healthcare professionals;(3)spatial relationships between nurse stations and assigned patient rooms affect visibility disparities;(4)mobile nursing stations and interconnected support areas enhance visual communication across disparate zones.This research provides the first quantitative analysis of floor plan effects on VHM.The proposed method offers broad applicability for enhancing visibility assessment,improving healthcare collaboration and reducing medical errors.展开更多
Social Network Theory and methods have emerged as pivotal tools for dissecting intricate interdisciplinary issues in rural communities.This study aims to systematically delineate the application characteristics and tr...Social Network Theory and methods have emerged as pivotal tools for dissecting intricate interdisciplinary issues in rural communities.This study aims to systematically delineate the application characteristics and trends of Social Network Analysis(SNA)in rural community research.Using a twofold approach,we integrate a traditional literature review and CiteSpace bibliometric analysis to assess the application status and evolutionary trends of SNA methods in this context.The key findings include the following:①Chinese research trends:scholars predominantly concentrate on the“three rural”issues(related to agriculture,rural areas,and small-scale farmers)and social support mechanisms for vulnerable rural populations.With policy shifts,rural revitalization,tourism,governance,social trust,and multi-dimensional poverty are poised to emerge as hot topics for the future.For further refinement,we suggest that the application of SNA in rural community research could benefit from content expansion,long-term studies,and innovative modelling techniques.②Research by international scholars has been primarily directed toward the physical and mental health of rural residents,as well as socioeconomic issues.Despite these studies covering a range of typical cases across various nations,a conspicuous lack of thorough,systematic,and prolonged efforts focused on rural community development in specific regions remains.Additionally,health issues affecting rural residents are expected to sustain long-standing and focused international academic attention.This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the current applications and potential future directions of SNA in rural community studies,both in China and internationally.展开更多
Animals often interact non-randomly with conspecifics,and association preferences can differ across life-history stages to maximize individuals’fitness.Mongolian gerbils(Meriones unguiculatus)are a social roden...Animals often interact non-randomly with conspecifics,and association preferences can differ across life-history stages to maximize individuals’fitness.Mongolian gerbils(Meriones unguiculatus)are a social rodent that live in highly seasonal habitats and display seasonal fluctuations in population density,growth rate and the size of overlapped home ranges.Nevertheless,whether gerbils modify their social relationships at different life-history stages remains unknown.Here,we used social network analysis to examine whether social associations differ between the sexes and between life-history stages in a wild population of Mongolian gerbils.We quantified social attributes at both group level(assortativity)and individual level(social differentiation and degree,closeness and betweenness centrality);these attributes reflect individuals’social preferences and their potential influence on others in the network.We found that both male and female gerbils established fewer inter-group social connections during the food-hoarding season than during the breeding season,revealing constraints on sociality.Similarly,during the food-hoarding season,degree centrality and social differentiation increased significantly whereas closeness and betweenness centrality decreased significantly.Together,these results suggest that gerbils have relatively more partners and preferred associations and decreased influence over others in the network during the food-hoarding season.In addition,we found no significant difference in any of the social attribute between males and females,but there was a significant interaction effect between sex and season on degree,closeness and betweenness centrality.Our results demonstrate that Mongolian gerbils adjust their association strategies to adapt to the changes of life history.Such adjustments may balance the costs/benefits associated with survival and reproduction.展开更多
An important and practical pattern of industrial symbiosis is rapidly developing： eco-industrial parks. In this study, we used social network analysis to study the network connectedness （i.e., the proportion of the ...An important and practical pattern of industrial symbiosis is rapidly developing： eco-industrial parks. In this study, we used social network analysis to study the network connectedness （i.e., the proportion of the theoretical number of connections that had been achieved） and related attributes of these hybrid ecological and industrial symbiotic systems. This approach provided insights into details of the network＇s interior and analyzed the overall degree of connectedness and the relationships among the nodes within the network. We then characterized the structural attributes of the network and subnetwork nodes at two levels （core and periphery）, thereby providing insights into the operational problems within each eco-industrial park. We chose ten typical eco-industrial parks in China and around the world and compared the degree of network connectedness of these systems that resulted from exchanges of products, byproducts, and wastes. By analyzing the density and nodal degree, we determined the relative power and status of the nodes in these networks, as well as other structural attributes such as the core-periphery structure and the degree of sub-network connectedness. The results reveal the operational problems created by the structure of the industrial networks and provide a basis for improving the degree of completeness, thereby increasing their potential for sustainable development and enriching the methods available for the study of industrial symbiosis.展开更多
As an extension of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, wireless mesh networks(WMNs) are employed as an emerging key solution for wireless broadband connectivity improvement. Due to the lack of physical security guara...As an extension of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, wireless mesh networks(WMNs) are employed as an emerging key solution for wireless broadband connectivity improvement. Due to the lack of physical security guarantees, WMNs are susceptible to various kinds of attack. In this paper, we focus on node social selfish attack, which decreases network performance significantly. Since this type of attack is not obvious to detect, we propose a security routing scheme based on social network and reputation evaluation to solve this attack issue. First, we present a dynamic reputation model to evaluate a node's routing behavior, from which we can identify selfish attacks and selfish nodes. Furthermore, a social characteristic evaluation model is studied to evaluate the social relationship among nodes. Groups are built based on the similarity of node social status and we can get a secure routing based on these social groups of nodes. In addition, in our scheme, nodes are encouraged to enter into multiple groups and friend nodes are recommended to join into groups to reduce the possibility of isolated nodes. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheme is able to reflect node security status, and routings are chosen and adjusted according to security status timely and accurately so that the safety and reliability of routing are improved.展开更多
The inter-city linkage heat data provided by Baidu Migration is employed as a characterization of inter-city linkages in order to facilitate the study of the network linkage characteristics and hierarchical structure ...The inter-city linkage heat data provided by Baidu Migration is employed as a characterization of inter-city linkages in order to facilitate the study of the network linkage characteristics and hierarchical structure of urban agglomeration in the Greater Bay Area through the use of social network analysis method.This is the inaugural application of big data based on location services in the study of urban agglomeration network structure,which represents a novel research perspective on this topic.The study reveals that the density of network linkages in the Greater Bay Area urban agglomeration has reached 100%,indicating a mature network-like spatial structure.This structure has given rise to three distinct communities:Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou,Guangzhou-Foshan-Zhaoqing,and Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen.Additionally,cities within the Greater Bay Area urban agglomeration play different roles,suggesting that varying development strategies may be necessary to achieve staggered development.The study demonstrates that large datasets represented by LBS can offer novel insights and methodologies for the examination of urban agglomeration network structures,contingent on the appropriate mining and processing of the data.展开更多
Numerous studies have investigated the remarkable variation of social features and the resulting structures across species. Indeed, relationships are dynamic and vary in time according to various factors such as envir...Numerous studies have investigated the remarkable variation of social features and the resulting structures across species. Indeed, relationships are dynamic and vary in time according to various factors such as environmental conditions or individuals attributes. However, few studies have investigated the processes that stabilize the structures within a given species, and the behavioral mechanisms that ensure their coherence and continuity across time. Here, we used a dynamic actor-based model, RSiena, to investigate the consistency of the temporal dynamic of relationships of a group of captive rooks facing recurrent modifications in group composition （i.e., the loss and introduction of individuals）. We found that changes in relationships （i.e., formation and removal） followed consistent patterns regardless of group composition and sex-ratio. Rooks preferentially interacted with paired congeners （i.e., unpopular attachment） and were more likely to form rela- tionships with individuals bonded to a current social partner （i.e., ＂friends of friends＂, or triadic closure）. The sex of individuals had no effect on the dynamic of relationships. This robust behav- ioral mechanisms formed the basis of inter-connected networks, composed of sub-structures of in- dividuals emerging from the enmeshment of dyadic and triadic motifs. Overall, the present study reveals crucial aspects of the behavioral mechanisms shaping rooks social structure, suggesting that rooks live in a well-integrated society, going far beyond the unique monogamous pair-bond.展开更多
Using Xinbei Branch of Changzhou Municipal Bureau of Urban Planning as a case,this study carefully examines how organizations innovate in China's urban planning management.The study builds itself upon a network an...Using Xinbei Branch of Changzhou Municipal Bureau of Urban Planning as a case,this study carefully examines how organizations innovate in China's urban planning management.The study builds itself upon a network analysis of the data collected through a survey of all the relevant members about their working relationships after their organizational reform.It shows that,with regional competition for economic development,the local government departments in developed areas tend to actively seek opportunities for organizational innovation in order to ensure planning management effectiveness and promote planning implementation efficiency.The reform measures and their effects are carefully examined for identifying lessons and experiences in planning implementation in China.展开更多
Fractal and self similarity of complex networks have attracted much attention in recent years. The fractal dimension is a useful method to describe the fractal property of networks. However, the fractal features of mo...Fractal and self similarity of complex networks have attracted much attention in recent years. The fractal dimension is a useful method to describe the fractal property of networks. However, the fractal features of mobile social networks （MSNs） are inadequately investigated. In this work, a box-covering method based on the ratio of excluded mass to closeness centrality is presented to investigate the fractal feature of MSNs. Using this method, we find that some MSNs are fractal at different time intervals. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed method is available for analyzing the fractal property of MSNs.展开更多
Due to its great strategic significance in integrating regional coordinated development and enhancing the rise of Central China, urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang （Yangtze） River has attracted ...Due to its great strategic significance in integrating regional coordinated development and enhancing the rise of Central China, urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang （Yangtze） River has attracted much attention from both theoretical and practical aspects. Such research into the area＇s economic network structure is beneficial for the formation of an urban- and regional-development strategy. This paper constructs an economic tie model based on a modified gravitation model. Subsequently, referring to social network analysis, the paper empirically studies the network density, network centrality, subgroups and structural holes of the middle reaches of Changjiang River＇s urban agglomeration economic network. The findings are fourfold： （1） an economic network of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang River has been formed, and economic ties between the cities in this network are comparatively dense; （2） the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang River can be divided into four significant subgroups, with each subgroup having its own obvious economic communications, while there is less economic-behavioral heterogeneity among subgroups - this is especially true for the two subgroups that exist in the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone; （3） an economy pattern driven by the central cities of Wuhan, Changsha and Nanchang has emerged in the urban agglomeration of the middle reaches of Changjiang River, while these three capital cities have exerted great radiation abilities to their surrounding cities, the latter are less able to absorb resources from the former （4） the Wuhan Metropolitan Areas and the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone have more structural holes than the Ring of Changsha, Zhuzhou and the Xiangtan City Clusters, meaning that cities at the periphery of these two areas are easily constrained by central cities. The Ring of Changsha, Zhuzhou and the Xiangtan City Clusters have fewer structural holes; thus, the cities in this area will not face as many constraints as those in the other two areas.展开更多
Social stability in group-living animals is an emergent property which arises from the interaction amongst multiple behavioral networks. However, pinpointing when a social group is at risk of collapse is difficult. We...Social stability in group-living animals is an emergent property which arises from the interaction amongst multiple behavioral networks. However, pinpointing when a social group is at risk of collapse is difficult. We used a joint network model- ing approach to examine the interdependencies between two behavioral networks, aggression and status signaling, from four sta- ble and three unstable groups of rhesus macaques in order to identify characteristic patterns of network interdependence in stable groups that are readily distinguishable from unstable groups. Our results showed that the most prominent source of aggres- sion-status network interdependence in stable social groups came from more frequent dyads than expected with opposite direc- tion status-aggression （i.e. A threatens B and B signals acceptance of subordinate status）. In contrast, unstable groups showed a decrease in opposite direction aggression-status dyads （but remained higher than expected） as well as more frequent than ex- pected dyads with bidirectional aggression. These results demonstrate that not only was the stable joint relationship between ag- gression and status networks readily distinguishable from unstable time points, social instability manifested in at least two differ- ent ways. In sum, our joint modeling approach may prove useful in quantifying and monitoring the complex social dynamics of any wild or captive social system, as all social systems are composed of multiple interconnected networks [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 70-84, 2015].展开更多
Social network structures can crucially impact complex social processes such as collective behaviour or the transmission of information and diseases. However, currently it is poorly understood how social networks chan...Social network structures can crucially impact complex social processes such as collective behaviour or the transmission of information and diseases. However, currently it is poorly understood how social networks change over time. Previous studies on primates suggest that ＇knockouts＇ （due to death or dispersal） of high-ranking individuals might be important drivers for structural changes in animal social networks. Here we test this hypothesis using long-term data on a natural population of ba- boons, examining the effects of 29 natural knockouts of alpha or beta males on adult female social networks. We investigated whether and how knockouts affected （i） changes in grooming and association rates among adult females, and （2） changes in mean degree and global clustering coefficient in these networks. The only significant effect that we found was a decrease in mean degree in grooming networks in the first month after knockouts, but this decrease was rather small, and grooming networks re- bounded to baseline levels by the second month after knockouts. Taken together our results indicate that the removal of high-ranking males has only limited or no lasting effects on social networks of adult female baboons. This finding calls into question the hypothesis that the removal of high-ranking individuals has a destabilizing effect on social network structures in social animals [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 107-113, 2015].展开更多
Over recent decades,historical areas conservation has become an important strategy to improve urban competitiveness in the global economy.As shown in existing studies that the conservation of historical areas mainly f...Over recent decades,historical areas conservation has become an important strategy to improve urban competitiveness in the global economy.As shown in existing studies that the conservation of historical areas mainly focused on the physical environment,there is still room for the non-physical study,and researches on the social network conservation in mountainous historical areas are particularly insufficient.Therefore,this paper aims to establish an evaluation system which is helpful for the social network conservation of historical areas.The evaluation system is based on social network analysis and the information of social relationships gathered in field surveys using a specifically designed questionnaire method in four mountainous towns in Chongqing,China.And it was analyzed from three perspectives,i.e.,by the basic statistical properties,condensate subgroup,and centrality.Then five analysis indicators were conceived,including density,lambda set,k-core,degree centrality,and betweenness centrality.The analysis results demonstrate that the social networks of the four towns show different indicators,which are respectively relevant to completeness degree,edgerelatedness level,local stability,structural balance,and concentrated trend of social relationships.Results from SNA modeling indicate that neighborhood residents of historical areas who have more stable and healthier social relationships are relatively not easily be destroyed.The results also illustrate that the social networks structure is influenced by the terrain,form,and function of historical areas,and the change of historical areas is caused by"individual-family-society".Finally,the strategies guiding the social network conservation are put forward from two aspects.These findings suggest that the conservation and management of social network and aborigines in historical areas should be emphasized to increase the collective benefits and vitality.展开更多
Purpose:This study aims to explore the trend and status of international collaboration in the field of artificial intelligence(AI)and to understand the hot topics,core groups,and major collaboration patterns in global...Purpose:This study aims to explore the trend and status of international collaboration in the field of artificial intelligence(AI)and to understand the hot topics,core groups,and major collaboration patterns in global AI research.Design/methodology/approach:We selected 38,224 papers in the field of AI from 1985 to 2019 in the core collection database of Web of Science(WoS)and studied international collaboration from the perspectives of authors,institutions,and countries through bibliometric analysis and social network analysis.Findings:The bibliometric results show that in the field of AI,the number of published papers is increasing every year,and 84.8%of them are cooperative papers.Collaboration with more than three authors,collaboration between two countries and collaboration within institutions are the three main levels of collaboration patterns.Through social network analysis,this study found that the US,the UK,France,and Spain led global collaboration research in the field of AI at the country level,while Vietnam,Saudi Arabia,and United Arab Emirates had a high degree of international participation.Collaboration at the institution level reflects obvious regional and economic characteristics.There are the Developing Countries Institution Collaboration Group led by Iran,China,and Vietnam,as well as the Developed Countries Institution Collaboration Group led by the US,Canada,the UK.Also,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(China)plays an important,pivotal role in connecting the these institutional collaboration groups.Research limitations:First,participant contributions in international collaboration may have varied,but in our research they are viewed equally when building collaboration networks.Second,although the edge weight in the collaboration network is considered,it is only used to help reduce the network and does not reflect the strength of collaboration.Practical implications:The findings fill the current shortage of research on international collaboration in AI.They will help inform scientists and policy makers about the future of AI research.Originality/value:This work is the longest to date regarding international collaboration in the field of AI.This research explores the evolution,future trends,and major collaboration patterns of international collaboration in the field of AI over the past 35 years.It also reveals the leading countries,core groups,and characteristics of collaboration in the field of AI.展开更多
文摘The construction of“park cities”requires a systematic thinking to coordinate the networked development of park system and break through the limitation of emphasizing scale and grade and neglecting dynamic correlation in traditional planning.Taking Haidian District of Beijing as an example,the social network analysis method is introduced to construct the network model of park green spaces.Through indicators such as clustering coefficient,network density and node centrality,the characteristics of its spatial structure and hierarchical relationship are analyzed.It is found that the network integrity presents the characteristics of“highly local concentration and global fragmentation”,fragmented park green space network and missing spatial connection,isolated clusters and collaborative failure,as well as the spatial mismatch between population and resource supply and demand.Hierarchical issues include“structural imbalance and functional disorder”,disorder between network hierarchy and park level,misalignment of functional hierarchy leading to weakened network risk resistance capacity,and a relatively dense distribution of core nodes,etc.In response to the above problems,a multi-level spatial intervention strategy should be adopted to solve the overall problem of the network.Meanwhile,it is needed to clarify the positioning of a park itself and improve the hierarchical system,so as to construct a multi-level and multi-scale park green space network,contribute to the construction of a park city,and provide residents with more diverse activity venues.
基金supported in part by the Slovenian Research Agency(VB,research program P1-0294)(VB,research project J5-2557)+2 种基金(VB,research project J5-4596)COST EU(VB,COST action CA21163(HiTEc)is prepared within the framework of the HSE University Basic Research Program.
文摘Purpose:We analyzed the structure of a community of authors working in the field of social network analysis(SNA)based on citation indicators:direct citation and bibliographic coupling metrics.We observed patterns at the micro,meso,and macro levels of analysis.Design/methodology/approach:We used bibliometric network analysis,including the“temporal quantities”approach proposed to study temporal networks.Using a two-mode network linking publications with authors and a one-mode network of citations between the works,we constructed and analyzed the networks of citation and bibliographic coupling among authors.We used an iterated saturation data collection approach.Findings:At the macro-level,we observed the global structural features of citations between authors,showing that 80%of authors have not more than 15 citations from other works.At the meso-level,we extracted the groups of authors citing each other and similar to each other according to their citation patterns.We have seen a division of authors in SNA into groups of social scientists and physicists,as well as into other groups of authors from different disciplines.We found some examples of brokerage between different groups that maintained the common identity of the field.At the micro-level,we extracted authors with extremely high values of received citations,who can be considered as the most prominent authors in the field.We examined the temporal properties of the most popular authors.Research limitations:The main challenge in this approach is the resolution of the author’s name(synonyms and homonyms).We faced the author disambiguation,or“multiple personalities”(Harzing,2015)problem.To remain consistent and comparable with our previously published articles,we used the same SNA data collected up to 2018.The analysis and conclusions on the activity,productivity,and visibility of the authors are relative only to the field of SNA.Practical implications:The proposed approach can be utilized for similar objectives and identifying key structures and characteristics in other disciplines.This may potentially inspire the application of network approaches in other research areas,creating more authors collaborating in the field of SNA.Originality/value:We identified and applied an innovative approach and methods to study the structure of scientific communities,which allowed us to get the findings going beyond those obtained with other methods.We used a new approach to temporal network analysis,which is an important addition to the analysis as it provides detailed information on different measures for the authors and pairs of authors over time.
文摘In a social network analysis the output provided includes many measures and metrics. For each of these measures and metric, the output provides the ability to obtain a rank ordering of the nodes in terms of these measures. We might use this information in decision making concerning disrupting or deceiving a given network. All is fine when all the measures indicate the same node as the key or influential node. What happens when the measures indicate different key nodes？ Our goal in this paper is to explore two methodologies to identify the key players or nodes in a given network. We apply TOPSIS to analyze these outputs to find the most influential nodes as a function of the decision makers＇ inputs as a process to consider both subjective and objectives inputs through pairwise comparison matrices. We illustrate our results using two common networks from the literature： the Kite network and the Information flow network from Knoke and Wood. We discuss some basic sensitivity analysis can may be applied to the methods. We find the use of TOPSIS as a flexible method to weight the criterion based upon the decision makers＇ inputs or the topology of the network.
基金supported by Sun Yat-sen University Cultivation Fund for Young Teachers(Grant No.:20000-3161102)the National Social Science Fundation of China(Grant No.:08CTQ015)
文摘Purpose: This paper intends to explore a quantitative method for investigating the characteristics of information diffusion through social media like weblogs and microblogs.By using the social network analysis methods,we attempt to analyze the different characteristics of information diffusion in weblogs and microblogs as well as the possible reasons of these differences.Design/methodology/approach: Using the social network analysis methods,this paper carries out an empirical study by taking the Chinese weblogs and microblogs in the field of Library and Information Science(LIS) as the research sample and employing measures such as network density,core/peripheral structure and centrality.Findings: Firstly,both bloggers and microbloggers maintain weak ties,and both of their social networks display a small-world effect. Secondly,compared with weblog users,microblog users are more interconnected,more equal and more capable of developing relationships with people outside their own social networks. Thirdly,the microblogging social network is more conducive to information diffusion than the blogging network,because of their differences in functions and the information flow mechanism. Finally,the communication mode emerged with microblogging,with the characteristics of micro-content,multi-channel information dissemination,dense and decentralized social network and content aggregation,will be one of the trends in the development of the information exchange platform in the future.Research limitations: The sample size needs to be increased so that samples are more representative. Errors may exist during the data collection. Moreover,the individual-level characteristics of the samples as well as the types of information exchanged need to be further studied.Practical implications: This preliminary study explores the characteristics of information diffusion in the network environment and verifies the feasibility of conducting a quantitative analysis of information diffusion through social media. In addition,it provides insight into the characteristics of information diffusion in weblogs and microblogs and the possible reasons of these differences.Originality/value: We have analyzed the characteristics of information diffusion in weblogs and microblogs by using the social network analysis methods. This research will be useful for a quantitative analysis of the underlying mechanisms of information flow through social media in the network environment.
基金jointly supported by the National Social Science Foundation in China(Grand No.10ATQ004)Ministry of Education,Humanities and Social Sciences Council in China(Grand No.09YJA870014)
文摘Social network analysis(SNA) has been introduced to China's Mainland since the end of last century. It is often stated that SNA research has experienced rapid growth in China over these years, but few studies have been conducted to prove the statement. This paper aims at exploring the research status and development of SNA in China by a critical assessment of journal articles. Our findings show that SNA is an evolving and diversified research area which has rich themes and topics, and can be applied to those studies on different levels, context and disciplines, and attract researchers and scholars from various fields and domains. In addition, the information community(Library & Information Science and Information Systems) plays a leading role in the SNA related researches. The paper also points out the research on SNA in China has some limitations, so it proposes several implications for the future development of SNA research from perspectives of information science.
文摘Objective To study the research status,research hotspots and development trends in the field of real-world data(RWD)through social network analysis and knowledge graph analysis.Methods RWD of the past 10 years were retrieved,and literature metrological analysis was made by using UCINET and CiteSpace from CNKI.Results and Conclusion The frequency and centrality of related keywords such as real-world study,hospital information system(HIS),drug combination,data mining and TCM are high.The clusters labeled as clinical medication and RWD contain more keywords.In recent 4 years,there are more articles involving the keywords of data specification,data authenticity,data security and information security.Among them,compound Kushen injection,HIS database and RWD are the top three keywords.It is a long-term research hotspot for Chinese and western medicine to use HIS to study clinical medication,clinical characteristics,diseases and injections.Besides,the research of RWD database has changed from construction to standardized collection and governance,which can make RWD effective.Data authenticity,data security and information security will become the new hotspots in the research of RWD.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51978143)。
文摘Healthcare collaboration is crucial for reducing medical errors and ensuring patient safety,and effective collaboration is closely linked to visibility.However,research on how floor plans affect visibility among healthcare members(VHM)in inpatient care units is still insufficient,complicating architectural design decisions.This stems from the lack of methods to assess VHM in inpatient care units,where healthcare members'movements continuously alter their relative positions and visual relationships.This study proposes a novel method integrating agent-based simulation and social network analysis to assess VHM.The method first collects behavioral data from healthcare members to execute agent-based simulation.Subsequently,the simulated positions of healthcare members are used to construct visibility networks.Finally,social network analysis is applied to evaluate the VHM.The findings indicate:(1)the“multi-ring+branching”corridor shape exhibits the highest visibility;(2)shared staff stations improve visibility across different healthcare professionals;(3)spatial relationships between nurse stations and assigned patient rooms affect visibility disparities;(4)mobile nursing stations and interconnected support areas enhance visual communication across disparate zones.This research provides the first quantitative analysis of floor plan effects on VHM.The proposed method offers broad applicability for enhancing visibility assessment,improving healthcare collaboration and reducing medical errors.
基金funded by the National Science Foundation of China[Grant No.42071200]Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program[Grant No.2019QZKK0902]the Western China Youth Scholars Project under the Western Light Talent Training and Recruitment Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Social Network Theory and methods have emerged as pivotal tools for dissecting intricate interdisciplinary issues in rural communities.This study aims to systematically delineate the application characteristics and trends of Social Network Analysis(SNA)in rural community research.Using a twofold approach,we integrate a traditional literature review and CiteSpace bibliometric analysis to assess the application status and evolutionary trends of SNA methods in this context.The key findings include the following:①Chinese research trends:scholars predominantly concentrate on the“three rural”issues(related to agriculture,rural areas,and small-scale farmers)and social support mechanisms for vulnerable rural populations.With policy shifts,rural revitalization,tourism,governance,social trust,and multi-dimensional poverty are poised to emerge as hot topics for the future.For further refinement,we suggest that the application of SNA in rural community research could benefit from content expansion,long-term studies,and innovative modelling techniques.②Research by international scholars has been primarily directed toward the physical and mental health of rural residents,as well as socioeconomic issues.Despite these studies covering a range of typical cases across various nations,a conspicuous lack of thorough,systematic,and prolonged efforts focused on rural community development in specific regions remains.Additionally,health issues affecting rural residents are expected to sustain long-standing and focused international academic attention.This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the current applications and potential future directions of SNA in rural community studies,both in China and internationally.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31372211)to WLthe Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-EW-N-005)to DHW.
文摘Animals often interact non-randomly with conspecifics,and association preferences can differ across life-history stages to maximize individuals’fitness.Mongolian gerbils(Meriones unguiculatus)are a social rodent that live in highly seasonal habitats and display seasonal fluctuations in population density,growth rate and the size of overlapped home ranges.Nevertheless,whether gerbils modify their social relationships at different life-history stages remains unknown.Here,we used social network analysis to examine whether social associations differ between the sexes and between life-history stages in a wild population of Mongolian gerbils.We quantified social attributes at both group level(assortativity)and individual level(social differentiation and degree,closeness and betweenness centrality);these attributes reflect individuals’social preferences and their potential influence on others in the network.We found that both male and female gerbils established fewer inter-group social connections during the food-hoarding season than during the breeding season,revealing constraints on sociality.Similarly,during the food-hoarding season,degree centrality and social differentiation increased significantly whereas closeness and betweenness centrality decreased significantly.Together,these results suggest that gerbils have relatively more partners and preferred associations and decreased influence over others in the network during the food-hoarding season.In addition,we found no significant difference in any of the social attribute between males and females,but there was a significant interaction effect between sex and season on degree,closeness and betweenness centrality.Our results demonstrate that Mongolian gerbils adjust their association strategies to adapt to the changes of life history.Such adjustments may balance the costs/benefits associated with survival and reproduction.
文摘An important and practical pattern of industrial symbiosis is rapidly developing： eco-industrial parks. In this study, we used social network analysis to study the network connectedness （i.e., the proportion of the theoretical number of connections that had been achieved） and related attributes of these hybrid ecological and industrial symbiotic systems. This approach provided insights into details of the network＇s interior and analyzed the overall degree of connectedness and the relationships among the nodes within the network. We then characterized the structural attributes of the network and subnetwork nodes at two levels （core and periphery）, thereby providing insights into the operational problems within each eco-industrial park. We chose ten typical eco-industrial parks in China and around the world and compared the degree of network connectedness of these systems that resulted from exchanges of products, byproducts, and wastes. By analyzing the density and nodal degree, we determined the relative power and status of the nodes in these networks, as well as other structural attributes such as the core-periphery structure and the degree of sub-network connectedness. The results reveal the operational problems created by the structure of the industrial networks and provide a basis for improving the degree of completeness, thereby increasing their potential for sustainable development and enriching the methods available for the study of industrial symbiosis.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61302071,61471109,61502075)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.N150404015,DUT15QY06,DUT15RC(3)009)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(Grant No.2015M580224)Liaoning Province Doctor Startup Fund(Grant No.201501166)State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology,Nanjing University(Grant No.KFKT2015B12)
文摘As an extension of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, wireless mesh networks(WMNs) are employed as an emerging key solution for wireless broadband connectivity improvement. Due to the lack of physical security guarantees, WMNs are susceptible to various kinds of attack. In this paper, we focus on node social selfish attack, which decreases network performance significantly. Since this type of attack is not obvious to detect, we propose a security routing scheme based on social network and reputation evaluation to solve this attack issue. First, we present a dynamic reputation model to evaluate a node's routing behavior, from which we can identify selfish attacks and selfish nodes. Furthermore, a social characteristic evaluation model is studied to evaluate the social relationship among nodes. Groups are built based on the similarity of node social status and we can get a secure routing based on these social groups of nodes. In addition, in our scheme, nodes are encouraged to enter into multiple groups and friend nodes are recommended to join into groups to reduce the possibility of isolated nodes. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheme is able to reflect node security status, and routings are chosen and adjusted according to security status timely and accurately so that the safety and reliability of routing are improved.
文摘The inter-city linkage heat data provided by Baidu Migration is employed as a characterization of inter-city linkages in order to facilitate the study of the network linkage characteristics and hierarchical structure of urban agglomeration in the Greater Bay Area through the use of social network analysis method.This is the inaugural application of big data based on location services in the study of urban agglomeration network structure,which represents a novel research perspective on this topic.The study reveals that the density of network linkages in the Greater Bay Area urban agglomeration has reached 100%,indicating a mature network-like spatial structure.This structure has given rise to three distinct communities:Shenzhen-Dongguan-Huizhou,Guangzhou-Foshan-Zhaoqing,and Zhuhai-Zhongshan-Jiangmen.Additionally,cities within the Greater Bay Area urban agglomeration play different roles,suggesting that varying development strategies may be necessary to achieve staggered development.The study demonstrates that large datasets represented by LBS can offer novel insights and methodologies for the examination of urban agglomeration network structures,contingent on the appropriate mining and processing of the data.
文摘Numerous studies have investigated the remarkable variation of social features and the resulting structures across species. Indeed, relationships are dynamic and vary in time according to various factors such as environmental conditions or individuals attributes. However, few studies have investigated the processes that stabilize the structures within a given species, and the behavioral mechanisms that ensure their coherence and continuity across time. Here, we used a dynamic actor-based model, RSiena, to investigate the consistency of the temporal dynamic of relationships of a group of captive rooks facing recurrent modifications in group composition （i.e., the loss and introduction of individuals）. We found that changes in relationships （i.e., formation and removal） followed consistent patterns regardless of group composition and sex-ratio. Rooks preferentially interacted with paired congeners （i.e., unpopular attachment） and were more likely to form rela- tionships with individuals bonded to a current social partner （i.e., ＂friends of friends＂, or triadic closure）. The sex of individuals had no effect on the dynamic of relationships. This robust behav- ioral mechanisms formed the basis of inter-connected networks, composed of sub-structures of in- dividuals emerging from the enmeshment of dyadic and triadic motifs. Overall, the present study reveals crucial aspects of the behavioral mechanisms shaping rooks social structure, suggesting that rooks live in a well-integrated society, going far beyond the unique monogamous pair-bond.
基金the project of Research on City Strategic Planning Decision-Making and Implementation Process from the Perspective of Policy Network sponsored by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.71373277)Coordinating to Support Construction of First-Grade University and First-Grade Discipline sponsored by China Renmin University
文摘Using Xinbei Branch of Changzhou Municipal Bureau of Urban Planning as a case,this study carefully examines how organizations innovate in China's urban planning management.The study builds itself upon a network analysis of the data collected through a survey of all the relevant members about their working relationships after their organizational reform.It shows that,with regional competition for economic development,the local government departments in developed areas tend to actively seek opportunities for organizational innovation in order to ensure planning management effectiveness and promote planning implementation efficiency.The reform measures and their effects are carefully examined for identifying lessons and experiences in planning implementation in China.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61501217,61363015,61501218 and 61262020the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province under Grant No 20142BAB206026
文摘Fractal and self similarity of complex networks have attracted much attention in recent years. The fractal dimension is a useful method to describe the fractal property of networks. However, the fractal features of mobile social networks （MSNs） are inadequately investigated. In this work, a box-covering method based on the ratio of excluded mass to closeness centrality is presented to investigate the fractal feature of MSNs. Using this method, we find that some MSNs are fractal at different time intervals. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed method is available for analyzing the fractal property of MSNs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41371182 Key Project of Hunan Social Science Foundation, No. 12ZDB01 Entrusting Project of Hunan Social Science Foundation Base, No. 12JD 12
文摘Due to its great strategic significance in integrating regional coordinated development and enhancing the rise of Central China, urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang （Yangtze） River has attracted much attention from both theoretical and practical aspects. Such research into the area＇s economic network structure is beneficial for the formation of an urban- and regional-development strategy. This paper constructs an economic tie model based on a modified gravitation model. Subsequently, referring to social network analysis, the paper empirically studies the network density, network centrality, subgroups and structural holes of the middle reaches of Changjiang River＇s urban agglomeration economic network. The findings are fourfold： （1） an economic network of urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang River has been formed, and economic ties between the cities in this network are comparatively dense; （2） the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of Changjiang River can be divided into four significant subgroups, with each subgroup having its own obvious economic communications, while there is less economic-behavioral heterogeneity among subgroups - this is especially true for the two subgroups that exist in the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone; （3） an economy pattern driven by the central cities of Wuhan, Changsha and Nanchang has emerged in the urban agglomeration of the middle reaches of Changjiang River, while these three capital cities have exerted great radiation abilities to their surrounding cities, the latter are less able to absorb resources from the former （4） the Wuhan Metropolitan Areas and the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone have more structural holes than the Ring of Changsha, Zhuzhou and the Xiangtan City Clusters, meaning that cities at the periphery of these two areas are easily constrained by central cities. The Ring of Changsha, Zhuzhou and the Xiangtan City Clusters have fewer structural holes; thus, the cities in this area will not face as many constraints as those in the other two areas.
文摘Social stability in group-living animals is an emergent property which arises from the interaction amongst multiple behavioral networks. However, pinpointing when a social group is at risk of collapse is difficult. We used a joint network model- ing approach to examine the interdependencies between two behavioral networks, aggression and status signaling, from four sta- ble and three unstable groups of rhesus macaques in order to identify characteristic patterns of network interdependence in stable groups that are readily distinguishable from unstable groups. Our results showed that the most prominent source of aggres- sion-status network interdependence in stable social groups came from more frequent dyads than expected with opposite direc- tion status-aggression （i.e. A threatens B and B signals acceptance of subordinate status）. In contrast, unstable groups showed a decrease in opposite direction aggression-status dyads （but remained higher than expected） as well as more frequent than ex- pected dyads with bidirectional aggression. These results demonstrate that not only was the stable joint relationship between ag- gression and status networks readily distinguishable from unstable time points, social instability manifested in at least two differ- ent ways. In sum, our joint modeling approach may prove useful in quantifying and monitoring the complex social dynamics of any wild or captive social system, as all social systems are composed of multiple interconnected networks [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 70-84, 2015].
文摘Social network structures can crucially impact complex social processes such as collective behaviour or the transmission of information and diseases. However, currently it is poorly understood how social networks change over time. Previous studies on primates suggest that ＇knockouts＇ （due to death or dispersal） of high-ranking individuals might be important drivers for structural changes in animal social networks. Here we test this hypothesis using long-term data on a natural population of ba- boons, examining the effects of 29 natural knockouts of alpha or beta males on adult female social networks. We investigated whether and how knockouts affected （i） changes in grooming and association rates among adult females, and （2） changes in mean degree and global clustering coefficient in these networks. The only significant effect that we found was a decrease in mean degree in grooming networks in the first month after knockouts, but this decrease was rather small, and grooming networks re- bounded to baseline levels by the second month after knockouts. Taken together our results indicate that the removal of high-ranking males has only limited or no lasting effects on social networks of adult female baboons. This finding calls into question the hypothesis that the removal of high-ranking individuals has a destabilizing effect on social network structures in social animals [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 107-113, 2015].
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1100804)。
文摘Over recent decades,historical areas conservation has become an important strategy to improve urban competitiveness in the global economy.As shown in existing studies that the conservation of historical areas mainly focused on the physical environment,there is still room for the non-physical study,and researches on the social network conservation in mountainous historical areas are particularly insufficient.Therefore,this paper aims to establish an evaluation system which is helpful for the social network conservation of historical areas.The evaluation system is based on social network analysis and the information of social relationships gathered in field surveys using a specifically designed questionnaire method in four mountainous towns in Chongqing,China.And it was analyzed from three perspectives,i.e.,by the basic statistical properties,condensate subgroup,and centrality.Then five analysis indicators were conceived,including density,lambda set,k-core,degree centrality,and betweenness centrality.The analysis results demonstrate that the social networks of the four towns show different indicators,which are respectively relevant to completeness degree,edgerelatedness level,local stability,structural balance,and concentrated trend of social relationships.Results from SNA modeling indicate that neighborhood residents of historical areas who have more stable and healthier social relationships are relatively not easily be destroyed.The results also illustrate that the social networks structure is influenced by the terrain,form,and function of historical areas,and the change of historical areas is caused by"individual-family-society".Finally,the strategies guiding the social network conservation are put forward from two aspects.These findings suggest that the conservation and management of social network and aborigines in historical areas should be emphasized to increase the collective benefits and vitality.
基金We acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71673143)the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.19BTQ062)for thier financial support.
文摘Purpose:This study aims to explore the trend and status of international collaboration in the field of artificial intelligence(AI)and to understand the hot topics,core groups,and major collaboration patterns in global AI research.Design/methodology/approach:We selected 38,224 papers in the field of AI from 1985 to 2019 in the core collection database of Web of Science(WoS)and studied international collaboration from the perspectives of authors,institutions,and countries through bibliometric analysis and social network analysis.Findings:The bibliometric results show that in the field of AI,the number of published papers is increasing every year,and 84.8%of them are cooperative papers.Collaboration with more than three authors,collaboration between two countries and collaboration within institutions are the three main levels of collaboration patterns.Through social network analysis,this study found that the US,the UK,France,and Spain led global collaboration research in the field of AI at the country level,while Vietnam,Saudi Arabia,and United Arab Emirates had a high degree of international participation.Collaboration at the institution level reflects obvious regional and economic characteristics.There are the Developing Countries Institution Collaboration Group led by Iran,China,and Vietnam,as well as the Developed Countries Institution Collaboration Group led by the US,Canada,the UK.Also,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(China)plays an important,pivotal role in connecting the these institutional collaboration groups.Research limitations:First,participant contributions in international collaboration may have varied,but in our research they are viewed equally when building collaboration networks.Second,although the edge weight in the collaboration network is considered,it is only used to help reduce the network and does not reflect the strength of collaboration.Practical implications:The findings fill the current shortage of research on international collaboration in AI.They will help inform scientists and policy makers about the future of AI research.Originality/value:This work is the longest to date regarding international collaboration in the field of AI.This research explores the evolution,future trends,and major collaboration patterns of international collaboration in the field of AI over the past 35 years.It also reveals the leading countries,core groups,and characteristics of collaboration in the field of AI.
