Objective To study the risk environmental and psycho-social factors associated to prostate cancer （PCa） in Chinese population. Methods 250 PCa patients and 500 controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Info...Objective To study the risk environmental and psycho-social factors associated to prostate cancer （PCa） in Chinese population. Methods 250 PCa patients and 500 controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Information was collected and logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios （OR） and 95% confidence intervals （95% CI） for relationship between lifestyle, eating habits and psycho-social factors with PCa risk. Results Green vegetables and green tea were associated with a decreased risk of PCa （0R=0.39, 95% CI： 0.28-0.53; 0R=0.59, 95% Cl： 0.40-0.87, respectively）. Family history of PCa （0R=7.16, 95% CI： 2.01-25.49）, history of prostate diseases （0R=2.28, 95% Cl： 1.53-3.41）, alcohol consumption （0R=1.97, 95% CI： 1.33-2.90）, red meat consumption （0R=1.74, 95% CI： 1.20-2.52）, barbecued （0R=2.29, 95% CI： 1.11-4.73） or fried （0R=2.35, 95% CI： 1.24-4.43） foods were related with increased PCa risk. Negative psycho-social factors including occupational setbacks （0R=1.61, 95% CI： 2.00-2.59）, marital separation （0R=1.94, 95% CI： 1.29-2.91）, self-contained suffering {0R=2.37, 95% CI： 1.58-3.55）, and high sensitivity to the personal comments （0R=1.73, 95% CI： 1.18-2.54） were related to PCa. Conclusion Regular consumption of green vegetables and green tea may suggest protective effects on PCa. Alcohol consumption, red meat consumption and barbecued or fried foods were associated with PCa. Negative psycho-social factors may also play a role in the incidence of PCa in Chinese population.展开更多
Wetlands have immense poverty-fighting potentials and in Nigeria, more and more people are dependent on wetlands for their livelihoods. To examine the social factors affecting the current status of the wetlands utiliz...Wetlands have immense poverty-fighting potentials and in Nigeria, more and more people are dependent on wetlands for their livelihoods. To examine the social factors affecting the current status of the wetlands utilization for agriculture in Nigeda, a simple random sampling technique was used to select 200 farmers cultivating wetlands and a structured questionnaire was applied to elicit the information on the social factors. Data collected were described using frequency and percentage and a multiple regression analysis was used to identify significant variables that are determinants of wetland utilization. The results of the analysis showed that significant variables included crop preferences, farming system, culture, taste, land tenure, knowledge of wetland cultivation, perceived suitability, farmers＇ tribe, location of wetland, and farmers＇ age. it was concluded with suggestions for the right combination of policies, public awareness, and appropriate farming methods in order to improve wetland utilization in Nigeria.展开更多
China＇s mainstream human rights theory has undergone tremendous changes since the reform-and-opening scheme was kicked off in the early 1980s. ＂Human rights,＂ which used to be seen as a concept of capitalist ideolo...China＇s mainstream human rights theory has undergone tremendous changes since the reform-and-opening scheme was kicked off in the early 1980s. ＂Human rights,＂ which used to be seen as a concept of capitalist ideology, is now an important part of the Chinese system of socialist values.展开更多
BACKGROUND Antenatal depression is a disabling mental disorder among pregnant women and may cause adverse outcomes for both the mother and the offspring.Early identification and intervention of antenatal depression ca...BACKGROUND Antenatal depression is a disabling mental disorder among pregnant women and may cause adverse outcomes for both the mother and the offspring.Early identification and intervention of antenatal depression can help to prevent adverse outcomes.However,there have been few population-based studies focusing on the association of social and obstetric risk factors with antenatal depression in China.AIM To assess the sociodemographic and obstetric factors of antenatal depression and compare the network structure of depressive symptoms across different risk levels based on a large Chinese population.METHODS The cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shenzhen,China from 2020 to 2024.Antenatal depression was assessed using the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS),with a score of≥13 indicating the presence of probable antenatal depression.Theχ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to identify the factors associated with antenatal depression.Network analyses were conducted to investigate the structure of depressive symptoms across groups with different risk levels.RESULTS Among the 44220 pregnant women,the prevalence of probable antenatal depression was 4.4%.An age≤24 years,a lower level of education(≤12 years),low or moderate economic status,having a history of mental disorders,being in the first trimester,being a primipara,unplanned pregnancy,and pregnancy without pre-pregnancy screening were found to be associated with antenatal depression(all P<0.05).Depressive symptom networks across groups with different risk levels revealed robust interconnections between symptoms.EPDS8("sad or miserable")and EPDS4("anxious or worried")showed the highest nodal strength across groups with different risk levels.CONCLUSION This study suggested that the prevalence of antenatal depression was 4.4%.Several social and obstetric factors were identified as risk factors for antenatal depression.EPDS8("sad or miserable")and EPDS4("anxious or worried")are pivotal targets for clinical intervention to alleviate the burden of antenatal depression.Early identification of highrisk groups is crucial for the development and implementation of intervention strategies to improve the overall quality of life for pregnant women.展开更多
this paper aims to analyze the social and linguistic factors' influence on semantic change in English vocabulary. Mainly speaking, the social factors include social development, social context, social class, natio...this paper aims to analyze the social and linguistic factors' influence on semantic change in English vocabulary. Mainly speaking, the social factors include social development, social context, social class, national feeling, racial feeling, gender different, and social value, and linguistic factors consist of generalization, specialization, amelioration, pejoration, metaphor and metonymy.展开更多
The image of China in The Painted Veil by Maugham is complicated and diversified.On the one hand,it predicts numerous representative sceneries of the Chinese village,unveiling the exotic natural sceneries of China.Mor...The image of China in The Painted Veil by Maugham is complicated and diversified.On the one hand,it predicts numerous representative sceneries of the Chinese village,unveiling the exotic natural sceneries of China.Moreover,the spirit of Taoism is stated in the novel,unveiling the mysterious culture of Chinese’concern about the harmony of man and nature,which displays Maugham’s admiration for Chinese exotic flavors.On the other hand,China is depicted as poor and undeveloped,a country stricken by epidemic diseases and opium smokers.This article aims to analyze the factors affecting Maugham’s images of China from the subjective and objective perspectives.Chapter two profoundly explores the significant influence of Maugham’s life experience,religious belief and personal values on his individual images of China.Chapter three expounds the effective factors of social thoughts and economy.From the exploration,it is apparent that the formation of the image of China in The Painted Veil is firstly influenced by the life experience,individual values and religious belief of Maugham.Literary writing is actually a miniature and indirect representation of the author’s life experience.展开更多
The objective of social development is to construct a harmonious society.In China,the key to a harmonious society is the happiness of more than 900 million farmers living in the rural areas.This study aimed to measure...The objective of social development is to construct a harmonious society.In China,the key to a harmonious society is the happiness of more than 900 million farmers living in the rural areas.This study aimed to measure rural residents' subjective well-being(SWB) through the day reconstruction method,as well as to analyze SWB's influencing factors through a variety of statistical methods.The results showed that the average U index was 12.79%,indicating that respondents were unhappy 12.79% of the time.Twenty-seven percent of the population had a U index greater than 0,with the average value being 47%,indicating that these people were unhappy 47% of the time.The study also found that SWB varied according to the characteristics of the respondents.Logistic regression analysis showed that social and demographic factors,including age,education,county,household size,generation number,per capita income,migration status and social networking,which significantly affected rural residents' SWB.The size of the impact varied with the different factors.展开更多
Background: Noma, mostly identified in malnourished young children in the world’s low-income countries, causes severe orofacial disfigurement and significant mortality and morbidity. The majority of noma patients sur...Background: Noma, mostly identified in malnourished young children in the world’s low-income countries, causes severe orofacial disfigurement and significant mortality and morbidity. The majority of noma patients surviving with aesthetical effects are exposed to stigmatization and social rejection. Studies focusing on the socio-psychological impact of noma survivors have rarely been done. Our study aimed to identify the differences in social acceptance/rejection and the influencing factors associated with social acceptance in noma patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the NGO-Sentinelles (Niger) reception center on patients with noma from Zinder, Maradi, and Tahoua regions between 9<sup>th</sup> May 2017 and 2<sup>nd</sup> June 2017. The survey was conducted through a face-to-face interview on patients admitted to the center and those discharged from the centre after the treatment. The interview questionnaire comprised 45 questions (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient = 0.812) with pathological information, sociodemographic characteristics, and socio-psychological qualitative information. Findings: We recorded 50 noma patients (43 from Zinder and 7 from Maradi and Tahoua). The younger patients (1 - 5 years old), noma patients who stayed in school during follow-up treatment, patients who were referred by a health structure, patients enrolled into the centre in a short time (<30 days), and patients in the acute phase of noma had a significantly high social acceptance rate with 60.0%, 82.9%, 60.0%, 57.1% and 94.3% respectively;whereas single adults and cheek lesion site had the highest social rejection rate when compared to their corresponding factors with 60.0% and 86.7% respectively. There were significant differences in victims’ perception of noma [χ<sup>2</sup> = 45.536, (P < 0.001)] and acceptance of their new faces [P = 0.023], between the social acceptance and social rejection rate, therefore all patients who accepted their new faces felt social acceptance. Social acceptance was significantly highly correlated with pathological history (admission method, phase of noma, care, and treatment received at center) with r<sub>s</sub> ranging from 0.609 to 0.810, moderately correlated with patient’s sociodemographic characteristics (age, marital status, and region) with r<sub>s</sub> ranging from 0.381 to 0.474. Lowly correlated with clinical evolution after treatment (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.293). Logistic regression results showed that the likelihood of social acceptance increased when the patient’s age was young (≤15 years), their marital status was minor, they were enrolled at the school before noma appearance, they were referred to the centre after diagnosis, the admission time to the centre was short (≤30 days), acute phase of noma, and care received at the centre was non-surgery. The location of the lesion on the cheek was a risk factor for social acceptance, indicating cheek lesions from noma increased the likelihood of social rejection in our study. Conclusion: The sociodemographic characteristics, pathological history, and psychological aspects of noma patients were correlated and were found to be important factors influencing their social acceptance/rejection rate.展开更多
The goal of this manuscript is to present a research finding, based on a study conducted to identify, examine, and validate Social Media (SM) socio-technical information security factors, in line with usable-security ...The goal of this manuscript is to present a research finding, based on a study conducted to identify, examine, and validate Social Media (SM) socio-technical information security factors, in line with usable-security principles. The study followed literature search techniques, as well as theoretical and empirical methods of factor validation. The strategy used in literature search includes Boolean keywords search, and citation guides, using mainly web of science databases. As guided by study objectives, 9 SM socio-technical factors were identified, verified and validated. Both theoretical and empirical validation processes were followed. Thus, a theoretical validity test was conducted on 45 Likert scale items, involving 10 subject experts. From the score ratings of the experts, Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated to determine the degree to which the identified factors exhibit appropriate items for the construct being measured, and 7 factors attained an adequate level of validity index. However, for reliability test, 32 respondents and 45 Likert scale items were used. Whereby, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α-values) were generated using SPSS. Subsequently, 8 factors attained an adequate level of reliability. Overall, the validated factors include;1) usability—visibility, learnability, and satisfaction;2) education and training—help and documentation;3) SM technology development—error handling, and revocability;4) information security —security, privacy, and expressiveness. In this case, the confirmed factors would add knowledge by providing a theoretical basis for rationalizing information security requirements on SM usage.展开更多
Social networks like Facebook, X (Twitter), and LinkedIn provide an interaction and communication environment for users to generate and share content, allowing for the observation of social behaviours in the digital w...Social networks like Facebook, X (Twitter), and LinkedIn provide an interaction and communication environment for users to generate and share content, allowing for the observation of social behaviours in the digital world. These networks can be viewed as a collection of nodes and edges, where users and their interactions are represented as nodes and the connections between them as edges. Understanding the factors that contribute to the formation of these edges is important for studying network structure and processes. This knowledge can be applied to various areas such as identifying communities, recommending friends, and targeting online advertisements. Several factors, including node popularity and friends-of-friends relationships, influence edge formation and network growth. This research focuses on the temporal activity of nodes and its impact on edge formation. Specifically, the study examines how the minimum age of friends-of-friends edges and the average age of all edges connected to potential target nodes influence the formation of network edges. Discrete choice analysis is used to analyse the combined effect of these temporal factors and other well-known attributes like node degree (i.e., the number of connections a node has) and network distance between nodes. The findings reveal that temporal properties have a similar impact as network proximity in predicting the creation of links. By incorporating temporal features into the models, the accuracy of link prediction can be further improved.展开更多
Current understanding of mental disorders is based upon “biopsychosocial model”. Research also suggests what biological changes take place in a particular disorder as well as nature of risk which arises from psychol...Current understanding of mental disorders is based upon “biopsychosocial model”. Research also suggests what biological changes take place in a particular disorder as well as nature of risk which arises from psychological, social and environmental conditions. However it remains unclear how these psychosocial and environmental risk factors interact with biological factors which lead to clinical syndromes. This paper examines interrelationship of psychosocial and environmental risk and biological changes observed in mental disorders and tries to identify the possibility of a pathway of the psychopathology of psychiatric disorders. The review aims to demonstrate that significant advances in the fields of psychosocial, cultural, anthropological and neurobiological research provide novel insights into the etiology of mental disorders. There are neurochemical, functional and structural neurobiological, neurocognitive, immunological findings and findings from gene-environment interaction that appears promising. However these findings are in an isolated manner. Comprehensive studies examining major biological changes together in relation to psychosocial risk factors are lacking. Every individual reacts differently to the same environmental risk while there tends to be similarities in individual outcome in response to such stressors. The findings though robust independently, remain very preliminary to suggest a sequential trajectory for developing a clear pathway for pathogenesis. It is currently unclear whether there is a differential psychopathological impact of psychosocial stressors in different cultures despite the extensive variability both between and within major social groups and societies. Further research investigating modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in context of prevailing socio-economic conditions is urgently needed to plan effective interventions.展开更多
社交推荐系统旨在探索社交网络用户社交标签背后的协同信息,为用户提供个性化推荐。然而,社交网络中大量的用户之间没有显式社交关系,但他们却共享相同的项目历史交互行为。以往研究者主观上期望通过复杂元路径挖掘用户间的高阶隐式社...社交推荐系统旨在探索社交网络用户社交标签背后的协同信息,为用户提供个性化推荐。然而,社交网络中大量的用户之间没有显式社交关系,但他们却共享相同的项目历史交互行为。以往研究者主观上期望通过复杂元路径挖掘用户间的高阶隐式社交特征,客观上却降低了模型的实用性。而且,高阶隐式社交特征中的噪声较大,根据特征拼接或深度学习的方式与显式社交特征融合后反而会降低模型的适应能力。近年来,生成式对抗网络(GAN)为数据增强提供了有力的支持,但其复杂的结构令模型收敛困难,导致其应用于社交推荐场景时使得模型整体效率不高。基于此,提出一种社交特征自适应融合的生成式对抗网络推荐模型AFS-GAN(generative adversarial networks recommender systems for adaptive fusion of social features)。首先,采用2个简单元路径分别提取用户的1阶显式社交特征和2阶隐式社交特征,以消除研究者主观判断的不利影响,提高模型的实用性;其次,设计自适应因子灵活地融合显示和隐式社交特征,充分体现用户社交行为的多样性,提升推荐的适应能力;最后,在生成器中采用直通Gumbel Softmax加速生成伪项目,在判别器中采用四元BPR(Bayesian personalized ranking)损失函数直接最大化判别损失,既简化了模型,又提升了其收敛速度,从而整体上提高了模型的效率。在4个基准推荐数据集上与8种目前较先进的社交推荐模型进行了广泛的比较,实验结果表明,所提方法在Precision,Recall,NDCG这3个指标表现卓越。展开更多
Purpose: In the Web 2.0 era,leveraging the collective power of user knowledge contributions has become an important part of the study of collective intelligence. This research aims to investigate the factors which inf...Purpose: In the Web 2.0 era,leveraging the collective power of user knowledge contributions has become an important part of the study of collective intelligence. This research aims to investigate the factors which influence knowledge contribution behavior of social networking sites(SNS) users.Design/methodology/approach: The data were obtained from an online survey of 251 social networking sites users. Structural equation modeling analysis was used to validate the proposed model.Findings: Our survey shows that the individuals' motivation for knowledge contribution,their capability of contributing knowledge,interpersonal trust and their own habits positively influence their knowledge contribution behavior,but reward does not significantly influence knowledge contribution in the online virtual community.Research limitations: Respondents of our online survey are mainly undergraduate and graduate students. A limited sample group cannot represent all of the population. A larger survey involving more SNS users may be useful.Practical implications: The results have provided some theoretical basis for promoting knowledge contribution and user viscosity.Originality/value: Few studies have investigated the impact of social influence and user habits on knowledge contribution behavior of SNS users. This study can make a theoretical contribution by examining how the social influence processes and habits affect one's knowledge contribution behavior using online communities.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81072377)
文摘Objective To study the risk environmental and psycho-social factors associated to prostate cancer （PCa） in Chinese population. Methods 250 PCa patients and 500 controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Information was collected and logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios （OR） and 95% confidence intervals （95% CI） for relationship between lifestyle, eating habits and psycho-social factors with PCa risk. Results Green vegetables and green tea were associated with a decreased risk of PCa （0R=0.39, 95% CI： 0.28-0.53; 0R=0.59, 95% Cl： 0.40-0.87, respectively）. Family history of PCa （0R=7.16, 95% CI： 2.01-25.49）, history of prostate diseases （0R=2.28, 95% Cl： 1.53-3.41）, alcohol consumption （0R=1.97, 95% CI： 1.33-2.90）, red meat consumption （0R=1.74, 95% CI： 1.20-2.52）, barbecued （0R=2.29, 95% CI： 1.11-4.73） or fried （0R=2.35, 95% CI： 1.24-4.43） foods were related with increased PCa risk. Negative psycho-social factors including occupational setbacks （0R=1.61, 95% CI： 2.00-2.59）, marital separation （0R=1.94, 95% CI： 1.29-2.91）, self-contained suffering {0R=2.37, 95% CI： 1.58-3.55）, and high sensitivity to the personal comments （0R=1.73, 95% CI： 1.18-2.54） were related to PCa. Conclusion Regular consumption of green vegetables and green tea may suggest protective effects on PCa. Alcohol consumption, red meat consumption and barbecued or fried foods were associated with PCa. Negative psycho-social factors may also play a role in the incidence of PCa in Chinese population.
文摘Wetlands have immense poverty-fighting potentials and in Nigeria, more and more people are dependent on wetlands for their livelihoods. To examine the social factors affecting the current status of the wetlands utilization for agriculture in Nigeda, a simple random sampling technique was used to select 200 farmers cultivating wetlands and a structured questionnaire was applied to elicit the information on the social factors. Data collected were described using frequency and percentage and a multiple regression analysis was used to identify significant variables that are determinants of wetland utilization. The results of the analysis showed that significant variables included crop preferences, farming system, culture, taste, land tenure, knowledge of wetland cultivation, perceived suitability, farmers＇ tribe, location of wetland, and farmers＇ age. it was concluded with suggestions for the right combination of policies, public awareness, and appropriate farming methods in order to improve wetland utilization in Nigeria.
文摘China＇s mainstream human rights theory has undergone tremendous changes since the reform-and-opening scheme was kicked off in the early 1980s. ＂Human rights,＂ which used to be seen as a concept of capitalist ideology, is now an important part of the Chinese system of socialist values.
基金Supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U23A20434National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82301738,No.82371535,and No.82171518+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2021YFF1201204the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,No.2023RC3083.
文摘BACKGROUND Antenatal depression is a disabling mental disorder among pregnant women and may cause adverse outcomes for both the mother and the offspring.Early identification and intervention of antenatal depression can help to prevent adverse outcomes.However,there have been few population-based studies focusing on the association of social and obstetric risk factors with antenatal depression in China.AIM To assess the sociodemographic and obstetric factors of antenatal depression and compare the network structure of depressive symptoms across different risk levels based on a large Chinese population.METHODS The cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shenzhen,China from 2020 to 2024.Antenatal depression was assessed using the Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS),with a score of≥13 indicating the presence of probable antenatal depression.Theχ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to identify the factors associated with antenatal depression.Network analyses were conducted to investigate the structure of depressive symptoms across groups with different risk levels.RESULTS Among the 44220 pregnant women,the prevalence of probable antenatal depression was 4.4%.An age≤24 years,a lower level of education(≤12 years),low or moderate economic status,having a history of mental disorders,being in the first trimester,being a primipara,unplanned pregnancy,and pregnancy without pre-pregnancy screening were found to be associated with antenatal depression(all P<0.05).Depressive symptom networks across groups with different risk levels revealed robust interconnections between symptoms.EPDS8("sad or miserable")and EPDS4("anxious or worried")showed the highest nodal strength across groups with different risk levels.CONCLUSION This study suggested that the prevalence of antenatal depression was 4.4%.Several social and obstetric factors were identified as risk factors for antenatal depression.EPDS8("sad or miserable")and EPDS4("anxious or worried")are pivotal targets for clinical intervention to alleviate the burden of antenatal depression.Early identification of highrisk groups is crucial for the development and implementation of intervention strategies to improve the overall quality of life for pregnant women.
文摘this paper aims to analyze the social and linguistic factors' influence on semantic change in English vocabulary. Mainly speaking, the social factors include social development, social context, social class, national feeling, racial feeling, gender different, and social value, and linguistic factors consist of generalization, specialization, amelioration, pejoration, metaphor and metonymy.
文摘The image of China in The Painted Veil by Maugham is complicated and diversified.On the one hand,it predicts numerous representative sceneries of the Chinese village,unveiling the exotic natural sceneries of China.Moreover,the spirit of Taoism is stated in the novel,unveiling the mysterious culture of Chinese’concern about the harmony of man and nature,which displays Maugham’s admiration for Chinese exotic flavors.On the other hand,China is depicted as poor and undeveloped,a country stricken by epidemic diseases and opium smokers.This article aims to analyze the factors affecting Maugham’s images of China from the subjective and objective perspectives.Chapter two profoundly explores the significant influence of Maugham’s life experience,religious belief and personal values on his individual images of China.Chapter three expounds the effective factors of social thoughts and economy.From the exploration,it is apparent that the formation of the image of China in The Painted Veil is firstly influenced by the life experience,individual values and religious belief of Maugham.Literary writing is actually a miniature and indirect representation of the author’s life experience.
基金supported by Independent Inovation Foundation of Shandong Univercity,IIFSDU
文摘The objective of social development is to construct a harmonious society.In China,the key to a harmonious society is the happiness of more than 900 million farmers living in the rural areas.This study aimed to measure rural residents' subjective well-being(SWB) through the day reconstruction method,as well as to analyze SWB's influencing factors through a variety of statistical methods.The results showed that the average U index was 12.79%,indicating that respondents were unhappy 12.79% of the time.Twenty-seven percent of the population had a U index greater than 0,with the average value being 47%,indicating that these people were unhappy 47% of the time.The study also found that SWB varied according to the characteristics of the respondents.Logistic regression analysis showed that social and demographic factors,including age,education,county,household size,generation number,per capita income,migration status and social networking,which significantly affected rural residents' SWB.The size of the impact varied with the different factors.
文摘Background: Noma, mostly identified in malnourished young children in the world’s low-income countries, causes severe orofacial disfigurement and significant mortality and morbidity. The majority of noma patients surviving with aesthetical effects are exposed to stigmatization and social rejection. Studies focusing on the socio-psychological impact of noma survivors have rarely been done. Our study aimed to identify the differences in social acceptance/rejection and the influencing factors associated with social acceptance in noma patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the NGO-Sentinelles (Niger) reception center on patients with noma from Zinder, Maradi, and Tahoua regions between 9<sup>th</sup> May 2017 and 2<sup>nd</sup> June 2017. The survey was conducted through a face-to-face interview on patients admitted to the center and those discharged from the centre after the treatment. The interview questionnaire comprised 45 questions (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient = 0.812) with pathological information, sociodemographic characteristics, and socio-psychological qualitative information. Findings: We recorded 50 noma patients (43 from Zinder and 7 from Maradi and Tahoua). The younger patients (1 - 5 years old), noma patients who stayed in school during follow-up treatment, patients who were referred by a health structure, patients enrolled into the centre in a short time (<30 days), and patients in the acute phase of noma had a significantly high social acceptance rate with 60.0%, 82.9%, 60.0%, 57.1% and 94.3% respectively;whereas single adults and cheek lesion site had the highest social rejection rate when compared to their corresponding factors with 60.0% and 86.7% respectively. There were significant differences in victims’ perception of noma [χ<sup>2</sup> = 45.536, (P < 0.001)] and acceptance of their new faces [P = 0.023], between the social acceptance and social rejection rate, therefore all patients who accepted their new faces felt social acceptance. Social acceptance was significantly highly correlated with pathological history (admission method, phase of noma, care, and treatment received at center) with r<sub>s</sub> ranging from 0.609 to 0.810, moderately correlated with patient’s sociodemographic characteristics (age, marital status, and region) with r<sub>s</sub> ranging from 0.381 to 0.474. Lowly correlated with clinical evolution after treatment (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.293). Logistic regression results showed that the likelihood of social acceptance increased when the patient’s age was young (≤15 years), their marital status was minor, they were enrolled at the school before noma appearance, they were referred to the centre after diagnosis, the admission time to the centre was short (≤30 days), acute phase of noma, and care received at the centre was non-surgery. The location of the lesion on the cheek was a risk factor for social acceptance, indicating cheek lesions from noma increased the likelihood of social rejection in our study. Conclusion: The sociodemographic characteristics, pathological history, and psychological aspects of noma patients were correlated and were found to be important factors influencing their social acceptance/rejection rate.
文摘The goal of this manuscript is to present a research finding, based on a study conducted to identify, examine, and validate Social Media (SM) socio-technical information security factors, in line with usable-security principles. The study followed literature search techniques, as well as theoretical and empirical methods of factor validation. The strategy used in literature search includes Boolean keywords search, and citation guides, using mainly web of science databases. As guided by study objectives, 9 SM socio-technical factors were identified, verified and validated. Both theoretical and empirical validation processes were followed. Thus, a theoretical validity test was conducted on 45 Likert scale items, involving 10 subject experts. From the score ratings of the experts, Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated to determine the degree to which the identified factors exhibit appropriate items for the construct being measured, and 7 factors attained an adequate level of validity index. However, for reliability test, 32 respondents and 45 Likert scale items were used. Whereby, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α-values) were generated using SPSS. Subsequently, 8 factors attained an adequate level of reliability. Overall, the validated factors include;1) usability—visibility, learnability, and satisfaction;2) education and training—help and documentation;3) SM technology development—error handling, and revocability;4) information security —security, privacy, and expressiveness. In this case, the confirmed factors would add knowledge by providing a theoretical basis for rationalizing information security requirements on SM usage.
文摘Social networks like Facebook, X (Twitter), and LinkedIn provide an interaction and communication environment for users to generate and share content, allowing for the observation of social behaviours in the digital world. These networks can be viewed as a collection of nodes and edges, where users and their interactions are represented as nodes and the connections between them as edges. Understanding the factors that contribute to the formation of these edges is important for studying network structure and processes. This knowledge can be applied to various areas such as identifying communities, recommending friends, and targeting online advertisements. Several factors, including node popularity and friends-of-friends relationships, influence edge formation and network growth. This research focuses on the temporal activity of nodes and its impact on edge formation. Specifically, the study examines how the minimum age of friends-of-friends edges and the average age of all edges connected to potential target nodes influence the formation of network edges. Discrete choice analysis is used to analyse the combined effect of these temporal factors and other well-known attributes like node degree (i.e., the number of connections a node has) and network distance between nodes. The findings reveal that temporal properties have a similar impact as network proximity in predicting the creation of links. By incorporating temporal features into the models, the accuracy of link prediction can be further improved.
文摘Current understanding of mental disorders is based upon “biopsychosocial model”. Research also suggests what biological changes take place in a particular disorder as well as nature of risk which arises from psychological, social and environmental conditions. However it remains unclear how these psychosocial and environmental risk factors interact with biological factors which lead to clinical syndromes. This paper examines interrelationship of psychosocial and environmental risk and biological changes observed in mental disorders and tries to identify the possibility of a pathway of the psychopathology of psychiatric disorders. The review aims to demonstrate that significant advances in the fields of psychosocial, cultural, anthropological and neurobiological research provide novel insights into the etiology of mental disorders. There are neurochemical, functional and structural neurobiological, neurocognitive, immunological findings and findings from gene-environment interaction that appears promising. However these findings are in an isolated manner. Comprehensive studies examining major biological changes together in relation to psychosocial risk factors are lacking. Every individual reacts differently to the same environmental risk while there tends to be similarities in individual outcome in response to such stressors. The findings though robust independently, remain very preliminary to suggest a sequential trajectory for developing a clear pathway for pathogenesis. It is currently unclear whether there is a differential psychopathological impact of psychosocial stressors in different cultures despite the extensive variability both between and within major social groups and societies. Further research investigating modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in context of prevailing socio-economic conditions is urgently needed to plan effective interventions.
文摘社交推荐系统旨在探索社交网络用户社交标签背后的协同信息,为用户提供个性化推荐。然而,社交网络中大量的用户之间没有显式社交关系,但他们却共享相同的项目历史交互行为。以往研究者主观上期望通过复杂元路径挖掘用户间的高阶隐式社交特征,客观上却降低了模型的实用性。而且,高阶隐式社交特征中的噪声较大,根据特征拼接或深度学习的方式与显式社交特征融合后反而会降低模型的适应能力。近年来,生成式对抗网络(GAN)为数据增强提供了有力的支持,但其复杂的结构令模型收敛困难,导致其应用于社交推荐场景时使得模型整体效率不高。基于此,提出一种社交特征自适应融合的生成式对抗网络推荐模型AFS-GAN(generative adversarial networks recommender systems for adaptive fusion of social features)。首先,采用2个简单元路径分别提取用户的1阶显式社交特征和2阶隐式社交特征,以消除研究者主观判断的不利影响,提高模型的实用性;其次,设计自适应因子灵活地融合显示和隐式社交特征,充分体现用户社交行为的多样性,提升推荐的适应能力;最后,在生成器中采用直通Gumbel Softmax加速生成伪项目,在判别器中采用四元BPR(Bayesian personalized ranking)损失函数直接最大化判别损失,既简化了模型,又提升了其收敛速度,从而整体上提高了模型的效率。在4个基准推荐数据集上与8种目前较先进的社交推荐模型进行了广泛的比较,实验结果表明,所提方法在Precision,Recall,NDCG这3个指标表现卓越。
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:10CTQ010 and 11CTQ038)Wuhan University Development Program for Researchers Born after the 1970s
文摘Purpose: In the Web 2.0 era,leveraging the collective power of user knowledge contributions has become an important part of the study of collective intelligence. This research aims to investigate the factors which influence knowledge contribution behavior of social networking sites(SNS) users.Design/methodology/approach: The data were obtained from an online survey of 251 social networking sites users. Structural equation modeling analysis was used to validate the proposed model.Findings: Our survey shows that the individuals' motivation for knowledge contribution,their capability of contributing knowledge,interpersonal trust and their own habits positively influence their knowledge contribution behavior,but reward does not significantly influence knowledge contribution in the online virtual community.Research limitations: Respondents of our online survey are mainly undergraduate and graduate students. A limited sample group cannot represent all of the population. A larger survey involving more SNS users may be useful.Practical implications: The results have provided some theoretical basis for promoting knowledge contribution and user viscosity.Originality/value: Few studies have investigated the impact of social influence and user habits on knowledge contribution behavior of SNS users. This study can make a theoretical contribution by examining how the social influence processes and habits affect one's knowledge contribution behavior using online communities.
