Strawberry is a major fruit crop worldwide because its nutritional and health benefits to human health,but its productivity is limited by Botrytis cinerea.Sucrose nonfermentation 1-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)has a...Strawberry is a major fruit crop worldwide because its nutritional and health benefits to human health,but its productivity is limited by Botrytis cinerea.Sucrose nonfermentation 1-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)has a defense function against pathogens,but the function of SnRK1 in the defense response to B.cinerea in plants is still unclear.In this study,FaSnRK1a-OE and RNAi fruits were constructed and then inoculated with B.cinerea.The result reveals a positive role of Fa SnRK1a in the regulation of resistance to gray mold.FaSnRK1a affects SA content by regulating FaPAL1 and FaPAL2 expressions.The genes related to the SA signaling pathway(FaTGA1 and FaTGA2.1)were significantly increased/decreased in FaSnRK1a-OE or FaSnRK1a-RNAi fruit,respectively.FaSnRK1a interacted with the FaWRKY33.2 protein and negatively regulated FaWRKY33.2 expression,and FaWRKY33.2 acts as a repressor of disease resistance to B.cinerea.Finally,FaSnRK1a regulates the expression of six PR genes and the activities of antioxidant enzymes to boost defense response after B.cinerea inoculation.Our findings showed that FaSnRK1a increases the resistance of strawberry fruit to B.cinerea via SA signaling pathway and interaction with the FaWRKY33.2 transcription factor.展开更多
Obligate biotrophs depend on living hosts for nutrient acquisition to complete their life cycle,yet the mechanisms by which hosts restrict nutrient availability to pathogens remain largely unknown.The fungal pathogen ...Obligate biotrophs depend on living hosts for nutrient acquisition to complete their life cycle,yet the mechanisms by which hosts restrict nutrient availability to pathogens remain largely unknown.The fungal pathogen Sporisorium reilianum infects maize seedlings and causes head smut disease in inflorescences at maturity,while a cell wall-associated kinase,ZmWAK,provides quantitative resistance against it.In this study,we demonstrate that S.reilianum can rapidly activate ZmWAK kinase activity,which is sustained by the 407th threonine residue in the juxtamembrane domain,enabling it to interact with and phosphorylate ZmSnRK1a2,a conserved sucrose non-fermenting-related kinase a subunit.The activated ZmSnRK1a2 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus,where it phosphorylates and destabilizes the transcription factor ZmWRKY53.The reduced ZmWRKY53 abundance leads to the downregulation of genes involved in transmembrane transport and carbohydrate metabolism,resulting in nutrient starvation for S.reilianum in the apoplast.Collectively,our study uncovers a WAK-SnRK1a2-WRKY53 signaling module in maize that conveys phosphorylation cascades from the plasma membrane to the nucleus to confer plant resistance against head smut in maize,offering new insights and potential targets for crop disease management.展开更多
During maize endosperm filling,sucrose not only serves as a source of carbon skeletons for storage-reserve synthesis but also acts as a stimulus to promote this process.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying sucr...During maize endosperm filling,sucrose not only serves as a source of carbon skeletons for storage-reserve synthesis but also acts as a stimulus to promote this process.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying sucrose and endosperm filling are poorly understood.In this study,we found that sucrose promotes the expression of endosperm-filling hub gene Opaque2(O2),coordinating with storage-reserve accumulation.We showed that the protein kinase SnRK1a1 can attenuate O2-mediated transactivation,but sucrose can release this suppression.Biochemical assays revealed that SnRK1a1 phosphorylates O2 at serine 41(S41),negatively affecting its protein stability and transactivation ability.We observed that mutation of SnRK1a1 results in larger seeds with increased kernel weight and storage reserves,while overexpression of SnRK1a1 causes the opposite effect.Overexpression of the native O2(O2-OE),phospho-dead(O2-SA),and phospho-mimetic(O2-SD)variants all increased 100-kernel weight.Although O2-SA seeds exhibit smaller kernel size,they have higher accumulation of starch and proteins,resulting in larger vitreous endosperm and increased test weight.O2-SD seeds display larger kernel size but unchanged levels of storage reserves and test weight.O2-OE seeds show elevated kernel dimensions and nutrient storage,like a mixture of O2-SA and O2-SD seeds.Collectively,our study discovers a novel regulatory mechanism of maize endosperm filling.Identification of S41 as a SnRK1-mediated phosphorylation site in O2 offers a potential engineering target for enhancing storage-reserve accumulation and yield in maize.展开更多
蔗糖非酵解型蛋白激酶1(sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 1,SnRK1)是植物进化过程中的一种异源三聚体蛋白激酶复合物。作为一种糖受体,园艺植物SnRK1可响应葡萄糖等信号分子参与源—库器官的糖信号转导,在植物生长发...蔗糖非酵解型蛋白激酶1(sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 1,SnRK1)是植物进化过程中的一种异源三聚体蛋白激酶复合物。作为一种糖受体,园艺植物SnRK1可响应葡萄糖等信号分子参与源—库器官的糖信号转导,在植物生长发育及响应逆境胁迫过程中发挥重要作用,尤其是在碳源匮乏状态下可调控植物代谢,维持植物体能量平衡,提高环境适应能力。本文中总结了园艺植物SnRK1的基本结构、活性调节因素、感知信号调控植株生长发育和胁迫应答的功能、作用方式,及其在园艺植物中承担信号网络关键作用的研究进展,以期为研究SnRK1参与糖代谢和抗逆机制提供参考。展开更多
为深入了解雷帕霉素靶蛋白(Target of rapamycin,TOR)信号调控网络以及在植物生长发育和胁迫响应中的生物学功能,以“TOR”“葡萄糖”“生长发育”“SnRK1”“信号网络”为关键词,在Web of Science和National Center for Biotechnology ...为深入了解雷帕霉素靶蛋白(Target of rapamycin,TOR)信号调控网络以及在植物生长发育和胁迫响应中的生物学功能,以“TOR”“葡萄糖”“生长发育”“SnRK1”“信号网络”为关键词,在Web of Science和National Center for Biotechnology Information等数据库检索,共获取78篇相关文献,并归纳总结了植物TOR激酶的基本结构信息、TOR信号网络、Glc-TOR信号通路以及TOR和SnRK1的调控机制,分析了TOR信号通路在调控植物生长发育及应对逆境胁迫等多个方面的功能。结果表明:绝大多数植物中只含有1个TOR激酶,且TOR、RAPTOR亚基以及LST 8亚基组成TORC1发挥作用;TOR激酶包含HEAT、FAT、FRB、Kinase和FATC 5个结构域;TOR激酶通过响应光、氨基酸、激素等信号,调控细胞生长发育过程中的蛋白质合成;TOR激酶在调控植物根的分支、逆境胁迫响应、ABA信号和矿质元素吸收方面发挥作用;TOR与Glc、SnRK1等其他营养信号网络协同作用,实现基因表达、代谢、生长和生存的整合与协调。展开更多
植物的蔗糖非发酵-1-相关蛋白激酶1(Sn RK1)与酵母蔗糖非发酵蛋白激酶1(SNF1)以及哺乳动物AMP激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)同源,都是异源三聚复合体结构,含有α催化亚基和β、γ两个调节亚基来维持蛋白结构的稳定和激酶活性。本试验以‘妙香7...植物的蔗糖非发酵-1-相关蛋白激酶1(Sn RK1)与酵母蔗糖非发酵蛋白激酶1(SNF1)以及哺乳动物AMP激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)同源,都是异源三聚复合体结构,含有α催化亚基和β、γ两个调节亚基来维持蛋白结构的稳定和激酶活性。本试验以‘妙香7号’草莓(Fragaria×ananassa)为材料,通过反转录PCR克隆得到一个Sn RK1的α催化亚基编码基因,命名为Fa Sn RK1α。序列分析显示该基因全长1 557 bp,共编码518个氨基酸,预测Fa SnRK1α蛋白分子质量为59.159 k Da,理论等电点为8.54,定位于细胞质和细胞核。生物信息学分析发现Fa SnRK1α的氨基酸序列与其他植物Sn RK1α蛋白具有较高同源性,含有KD(kinase domain)、UBA(ubiquitin associated domain)和β-SID(β-submit interaction domain)三个保守结构域。组织特异性分析表明Fa Sn RK1α在草莓根、茎、叶、花和果实中均有表达,在果实发育进程中Fa Sn RK1α的表达水平呈上升趋势。荧光定量PCR分析表明,果实中Fa Sn RK1α受脱落酸(ABA)诱导,表明该基因可能与ABA诱导的果实发育和成熟有关。展开更多
植物在自然界中面临各种环境侵害时候,如干旱、盐、低温和病菌袭击,会启动自身的抵御机制来适应各种侵害。蔗糖非发酵相关的蛋白激酶(sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase,SnRK)是广泛存在于植物中的一类Ser/Thr蛋白激酶,...植物在自然界中面临各种环境侵害时候,如干旱、盐、低温和病菌袭击,会启动自身的抵御机制来适应各种侵害。蔗糖非发酵相关的蛋白激酶(sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase,SnRK)是广泛存在于植物中的一类Ser/Thr蛋白激酶,参与各种胁迫信号传导通路,对植物抵御不良环境起到重要作用。植物中蔗糖非发酵相关的蛋白激酶共有38个成员,可以分为3个亚家族:SnRK1、SnRK2和SnRK3。本文主要讨论SnRK家族的研究进展,揭示SnRK家族在植物抗逆中的重要作用。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31672099,31801812)the National Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System Fund(Grant No.CARS-30-2-02)。
文摘Strawberry is a major fruit crop worldwide because its nutritional and health benefits to human health,but its productivity is limited by Botrytis cinerea.Sucrose nonfermentation 1-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)has a defense function against pathogens,but the function of SnRK1 in the defense response to B.cinerea in plants is still unclear.In this study,FaSnRK1a-OE and RNAi fruits were constructed and then inoculated with B.cinerea.The result reveals a positive role of Fa SnRK1a in the regulation of resistance to gray mold.FaSnRK1a affects SA content by regulating FaPAL1 and FaPAL2 expressions.The genes related to the SA signaling pathway(FaTGA1 and FaTGA2.1)were significantly increased/decreased in FaSnRK1a-OE or FaSnRK1a-RNAi fruit,respectively.FaSnRK1a interacted with the FaWRKY33.2 protein and negatively regulated FaWRKY33.2 expression,and FaWRKY33.2 acts as a repressor of disease resistance to B.cinerea.Finally,FaSnRK1a regulates the expression of six PR genes and the activities of antioxidant enzymes to boost defense response after B.cinerea inoculation.Our findings showed that FaSnRK1a increases the resistance of strawberry fruit to B.cinerea via SA signaling pathway and interaction with the FaWRKY33.2 transcription factor.
文摘Obligate biotrophs depend on living hosts for nutrient acquisition to complete their life cycle,yet the mechanisms by which hosts restrict nutrient availability to pathogens remain largely unknown.The fungal pathogen Sporisorium reilianum infects maize seedlings and causes head smut disease in inflorescences at maturity,while a cell wall-associated kinase,ZmWAK,provides quantitative resistance against it.In this study,we demonstrate that S.reilianum can rapidly activate ZmWAK kinase activity,which is sustained by the 407th threonine residue in the juxtamembrane domain,enabling it to interact with and phosphorylate ZmSnRK1a2,a conserved sucrose non-fermenting-related kinase a subunit.The activated ZmSnRK1a2 translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus,where it phosphorylates and destabilizes the transcription factor ZmWRKY53.The reduced ZmWRKY53 abundance leads to the downregulation of genes involved in transmembrane transport and carbohydrate metabolism,resulting in nutrient starvation for S.reilianum in the apoplast.Collectively,our study uncovers a WAK-SnRK1a2-WRKY53 signaling module in maize that conveys phosphorylation cascades from the plasma membrane to the nucleus to confer plant resistance against head smut in maize,offering new insights and potential targets for crop disease management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31925030 to Y.W.)Young Scientist Project(2023YFD1200008 to T.Y.)+1 种基金Open Project Program(SKL-ZY202211)of the State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaTalent Initiation Program from Sichuan Agricultural University.
文摘During maize endosperm filling,sucrose not only serves as a source of carbon skeletons for storage-reserve synthesis but also acts as a stimulus to promote this process.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying sucrose and endosperm filling are poorly understood.In this study,we found that sucrose promotes the expression of endosperm-filling hub gene Opaque2(O2),coordinating with storage-reserve accumulation.We showed that the protein kinase SnRK1a1 can attenuate O2-mediated transactivation,but sucrose can release this suppression.Biochemical assays revealed that SnRK1a1 phosphorylates O2 at serine 41(S41),negatively affecting its protein stability and transactivation ability.We observed that mutation of SnRK1a1 results in larger seeds with increased kernel weight and storage reserves,while overexpression of SnRK1a1 causes the opposite effect.Overexpression of the native O2(O2-OE),phospho-dead(O2-SA),and phospho-mimetic(O2-SD)variants all increased 100-kernel weight.Although O2-SA seeds exhibit smaller kernel size,they have higher accumulation of starch and proteins,resulting in larger vitreous endosperm and increased test weight.O2-SD seeds display larger kernel size but unchanged levels of storage reserves and test weight.O2-OE seeds show elevated kernel dimensions and nutrient storage,like a mixture of O2-SA and O2-SD seeds.Collectively,our study discovers a novel regulatory mechanism of maize endosperm filling.Identification of S41 as a SnRK1-mediated phosphorylation site in O2 offers a potential engineering target for enhancing storage-reserve accumulation and yield in maize.
文摘蔗糖非酵解型蛋白激酶1(sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 1,SnRK1)是植物进化过程中的一种异源三聚体蛋白激酶复合物。作为一种糖受体,园艺植物SnRK1可响应葡萄糖等信号分子参与源—库器官的糖信号转导,在植物生长发育及响应逆境胁迫过程中发挥重要作用,尤其是在碳源匮乏状态下可调控植物代谢,维持植物体能量平衡,提高环境适应能力。本文中总结了园艺植物SnRK1的基本结构、活性调节因素、感知信号调控植株生长发育和胁迫应答的功能、作用方式,及其在园艺植物中承担信号网络关键作用的研究进展,以期为研究SnRK1参与糖代谢和抗逆机制提供参考。
文摘为深入了解雷帕霉素靶蛋白(Target of rapamycin,TOR)信号调控网络以及在植物生长发育和胁迫响应中的生物学功能,以“TOR”“葡萄糖”“生长发育”“SnRK1”“信号网络”为关键词,在Web of Science和National Center for Biotechnology Information等数据库检索,共获取78篇相关文献,并归纳总结了植物TOR激酶的基本结构信息、TOR信号网络、Glc-TOR信号通路以及TOR和SnRK1的调控机制,分析了TOR信号通路在调控植物生长发育及应对逆境胁迫等多个方面的功能。结果表明:绝大多数植物中只含有1个TOR激酶,且TOR、RAPTOR亚基以及LST 8亚基组成TORC1发挥作用;TOR激酶包含HEAT、FAT、FRB、Kinase和FATC 5个结构域;TOR激酶通过响应光、氨基酸、激素等信号,调控细胞生长发育过程中的蛋白质合成;TOR激酶在调控植物根的分支、逆境胁迫响应、ABA信号和矿质元素吸收方面发挥作用;TOR与Glc、SnRK1等其他营养信号网络协同作用,实现基因表达、代谢、生长和生存的整合与协调。
文摘植物的蔗糖非发酵-1-相关蛋白激酶1(Sn RK1)与酵母蔗糖非发酵蛋白激酶1(SNF1)以及哺乳动物AMP激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)同源,都是异源三聚复合体结构,含有α催化亚基和β、γ两个调节亚基来维持蛋白结构的稳定和激酶活性。本试验以‘妙香7号’草莓(Fragaria×ananassa)为材料,通过反转录PCR克隆得到一个Sn RK1的α催化亚基编码基因,命名为Fa Sn RK1α。序列分析显示该基因全长1 557 bp,共编码518个氨基酸,预测Fa SnRK1α蛋白分子质量为59.159 k Da,理论等电点为8.54,定位于细胞质和细胞核。生物信息学分析发现Fa SnRK1α的氨基酸序列与其他植物Sn RK1α蛋白具有较高同源性,含有KD(kinase domain)、UBA(ubiquitin associated domain)和β-SID(β-submit interaction domain)三个保守结构域。组织特异性分析表明Fa Sn RK1α在草莓根、茎、叶、花和果实中均有表达,在果实发育进程中Fa Sn RK1α的表达水平呈上升趋势。荧光定量PCR分析表明,果实中Fa Sn RK1α受脱落酸(ABA)诱导,表明该基因可能与ABA诱导的果实发育和成熟有关。
文摘植物在自然界中面临各种环境侵害时候,如干旱、盐、低温和病菌袭击,会启动自身的抵御机制来适应各种侵害。蔗糖非发酵相关的蛋白激酶(sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase,SnRK)是广泛存在于植物中的一类Ser/Thr蛋白激酶,参与各种胁迫信号传导通路,对植物抵御不良环境起到重要作用。植物中蔗糖非发酵相关的蛋白激酶共有38个成员,可以分为3个亚家族:SnRK1、SnRK2和SnRK3。本文主要讨论SnRK家族的研究进展,揭示SnRK家族在植物抗逆中的重要作用。
