Cleaner air,lower dependency on oil,and lower emissions are just a few reasons to move away from combustion cars.In the wake of the emergence of more environmentally friendly technology,some countries have decided to ...Cleaner air,lower dependency on oil,and lower emissions are just a few reasons to move away from combustion cars.In the wake of the emergence of more environmentally friendly technology,some countries have decided to move away from traditional cars towards electric vehicles (EVs).The rise of the EV industry has created a shift in energy demand from oil-based to battery-based.展开更多
The application of pressure leaching technology in the treatment of high-copper and high-arsenic dust was studied.The pressure leaching technique was determined as follows:the liquid to solid ratio(mL/g)of 5:1,the lea...The application of pressure leaching technology in the treatment of high-copper and high-arsenic dust was studied.The pressure leaching technique was determined as follows:the liquid to solid ratio(mL/g)of 5:1,the leaching temperature of 453 K,the retention time of 2 h,the initial sulfuric acid concentration of 0.74 mol/L,the oxygen partial pressure of 0.7 MPa,and the agitation speed of 500 r/min.Under these conditions,95%of copper and 99%of zinc and only 6%of iron in the dust were leached,while about 20%of arsenic was also leached.The leaching technique was optimized further to restrain the leaching of arsenic by adding a small quantity of ferrous iron into the leaching system(c(Fe2 +)=0.036 mol/L).Copper and zinc can be effectively separated from arsenic and iron in the leach.The optimal pressure leaching technique of high-copper and high-arsenic smelter dust is proved to be effective.展开更多
The soil moisture regime can affect the release of heavy metals in soil. In the previous studies, slightly polluted soils or artificially contaminated soil samples were considered to investigate the effect of soil moi...The soil moisture regime can affect the release of heavy metals in soil. In the previous studies, slightly polluted soils or artificially contaminated soil samples were considered to investigate the effect of soil moisture. We used highly smelter-contaminated and aged soils to study the release of typical heavy metals(Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) induced by water incubation in batch experiments with characterization via speciation and X-ray diffraction analyses(XRD). The results show that the leachable concentrations of the heavy metals increased slightly in the first 30 days, decreased drastically between 30 and 90 days, and immobilized relatively constant thereafter. The fluctuation was ascribed to the changes of soil Eh and pH, the reductive dissolution of crystalline iron oxides, the formation of new amorphous iron oxides, the absorption of dissolved organic matter and the precipitation of metal sulfide. Speciation analysis indicated that a proportion of the soil heavy metals was transformed from an exchangeable fraction to a less labile fraction after water incubation. And the presence of a lead iron oxide phase and the peak increasing of zinc sulfide were observed via XRD analyses. Finally, water incubation restrained the release of heavy metals after 180 days of incubation, and reduced the leachability of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb by as much as 1.61%–7.21% for soil A and 0.43%–3.36% for soil B, respectively. The study findings have implications for the formulation of risk control and management strategies for heavy metals in smelter-contaminated soils.展开更多
A field study was conducted to determine the behavior and distribution of arsenic during the pyrometallurgy process in a typical SKS(Shuikoushan) lead smelter in Hunan province, China. Environmental influences of arse...A field study was conducted to determine the behavior and distribution of arsenic during the pyrometallurgy process in a typical SKS(Shuikoushan) lead smelter in Hunan province, China. Environmental influences of arsenic in selected samples were evaluated. Arsenic contents in all input and output samples vary from 0.11% in raw lead to 6.66% in collected dust-2. More arsenic is volatilized in blast furnace and fuming furnace(73.02% of arsenic input) than bottom blowing furnace(10.29% of arsenic input).There are 78.97%, 13.69%, 7.31% of total arsenic distributed in intermediate materials, stockpiled materials and unorganized emissions, respectively. Matte slag-2, collected dust-1 and secondary zinc oxide are hazardous based on the arsenic concentrations of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. According to risk assessment code(RAC) guideline, arsenic in collected dust-1 poses a very serious risk to the surrounding environment, arsenic in speiss, matte slag-2, water-quenched slag and secondary zinc oxide show low risk, while arsenic in matte slag-1, collected dust-2 and post dust has no risk to the environment.展开更多
This paper describes the structure and function of the intelligent decision support system (IDSS) on the process of nickel matte smelter. The knowledge and model base system based on fuzzy-decision rules ale specially...This paper describes the structure and function of the intelligent decision support system (IDSS) on the process of nickel matte smelter. The knowledge and model base system based on fuzzy-decision rules ale specially suggested. The IDSS possesses the self-learning and adaptive properties, andhas been used for managing and analyzing the production information, optimizing the composition of the charge mixture, and deciding the optimal operational conditions. Electric energy consumption has been reduced remarkably and the yield of nickel has been increased.展开更多
The preparation of granulated adsorption material of water-quenched slag/rectorite composite and the treatment of Cu （ Ⅱ ）-containing copper smelter wastewater with the adsorption material were studied. The experim...The preparation of granulated adsorption material of water-quenched slag/rectorite composite and the treatment of Cu （ Ⅱ ）-containing copper smelter wastewater with the adsorption material were studied. The experimental results showed that under the conditions with the mass ratio of water-quenched slag to rectorite of 1：1, 10% additive of industrial starch （IS）, and 50% water, and a calcination temperature of 400 ℃, the granulated adsorption material prepared had a density of 1.06 kg/m^3, a porosity of 62.29%, water absorption rate of 58.82%, and compressive strength of 2.22 MPa. The efficiency of wastewater treatment was the best, whereas the rate of spallation loss was low. Under the conditions of natural pH, with the addition of the granulated adsorption material of 0.05 g/mL, a reaction time of 40 minutes, and temperature of 25 ℃, the efficiency of the granulated adsorption material for the removal of Cu （ Ⅱ ） ions from the copper smelter wastewater attained 98.2%, and the quality indexes of the wastewater after treatment conformed with the first level of integrated wastewater discharge standard （GB8978-1996）. The reclamation of the used granulated adsorption material was carried out by de-sorption of the Cu （ Ⅱ） ions from the surface with 1 mol/L sodium chloride solution. The de-sorption rate was 96.4%, and the adsorption material can be reused many times to treat copper smelter wastewater.展开更多
Case reports of indium-related lung disease in workers have raised public concern to the human toxicity of indium （In） and its compounds. However, studies evaluating the exposure or health of workers in In smelting ...Case reports of indium-related lung disease in workers have raised public concern to the human toxicity of indium （In） and its compounds. However, studies evaluating the exposure or health of workers in In smelting plants are rare. Therefore, in this study, we focused on four In smelting plants, with the main objective of characterizing In in smelter plants in China and discussing the potential exposure biomarkers of In exposure.展开更多
The flow and heat transfer of the basalt melt in the boundary layer on a flat plate is considered. The conditions of formation of the layer and the intensity of heat transfer are determined. A self-similar analysis us...The flow and heat transfer of the basalt melt in the boundary layer on a flat plate is considered. The conditions of formation of the layer and the intensity of heat transfer are determined. A self-similar analysis using the symmetry method was used. A system of ordinary differential equations in self-similar form is obtained. The fluid flow and heat transfer of molten basalt at a laminar steady-state flow in the feeder furnaces are numerically researched. The term “protective layer” on the interface “basalt melt-lining” is introduced. The dependences for the calculation of dimensionless shear stresses and the Nusselt number on the lining surface are obtained. The conditions of rational organization of the technological process of basalt melt feeding in the furnace feeder are formulated.展开更多
Slag is waste from pyrometallurgical processing, usually stored in stacks or warehouses around or near smelters. Slag research has focused on potential environmental problems associated with slag weathering or process...Slag is waste from pyrometallurgical processing, usually stored in stacks or warehouses around or near smelters. Slag research has focused on potential environmental problems associated with slag weathering or processing for secondary metal recovery and/or other uses (construction, landscaping, etc.). Located in northern Mexico, the city of Chihuahua has a mining history that dates back to the eighteenth century. A lead smelter located southeast of Chihuahua City;closed in 1997, leaving behind a large pile of slag. In this study, a chemical analysis of smelter slag was carried out. The tailings contain Zn (15 - 35 wt%), Pb (0.5 - 4 wt%), As (0.6 wt%), Sn (888 ppb) and Hg (170 ppb). XRD identified several minerals such as hardystonite (Ca<sub>2</sub>ZnSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>), melanotekite (), kentrolite () and sphalerite (ZnS) in the glass. Major elements are present in phases such as monticellite (CaMgSiO<sub>4</sub>), kirschsteinite (CaFe<sup>2+</sup>SiO<sub>4</sub>), hedenbergite (CaFe<sup>2+</sup>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>), babingtonite (Fe<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>), magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), and calcite (CaCO<sub>3</sub>). Whether the goal is reuse, recycling or remediation, research into the properties of slag and its environmental and health impacts (on vulnerable exposed populations) should continue to be relevant.展开更多
The Shenyang Smelter,which is located in Shenyang,the well-known industrialcity of northeastern China,is one of the most important non-ferrous metallurgicalplants in the people’s Republic of China.Shenyang is the cap...The Shenyang Smelter,which is located in Shenyang,the well-known industrialcity of northeastern China,is one of the most important non-ferrous metallurgicalplants in the people’s Republic of China.Shenyang is the capital of Liaoning Provin-ce,where transportation is very convenient by the railway,and it is connected direc-tly with the famous seaports-Dalian and Tianjin.展开更多
Stable flow of off-gas dust from dust collector hoppers and storage silos is important for smooth operation. Flow properties of the collected off-gas dust are critical to achieve suitable flow. Various dust samples co...Stable flow of off-gas dust from dust collector hoppers and storage silos is important for smooth operation. Flow properties of the collected off-gas dust are critical to achieve suitable flow. Various dust samples collected from secondary copper smelter off-gases were studied. The median diameter of the fine-grained dusts varied from 0.8 to 1.4 μm and the flowability ranged from ＂cohesive＂ to ＂very cohesive＂. The flowa- bility of shaft and anode furnace dust improved slightly with increasing consolidation stress and their wall friction angles decreased, which is a typical behavior. In contrast, the flowability of converter dust decreased with increasing consolidation stress and its wall friction angles increased. Pre-shear treatment of converter dust worsened its flowability, increased the wall friction angle, and improved the flowabil- ity with increasing consolidation stress. This is believed to occur because pre-shear treatment fragments small agglomerates in the dust that improve flowability. The presence of such agglomerates was con- firmed by sieving tests. A diagrammatic representation of the flowability showing that the unconfined yield strength is dependent on consolidation stress can be improved by using logarithmically scaled axes.展开更多
文摘Cleaner air,lower dependency on oil,and lower emissions are just a few reasons to move away from combustion cars.In the wake of the emergence of more environmentally friendly technology,some countries have decided to move away from traditional cars towards electric vehicles (EVs).The rise of the EV industry has created a shift in energy demand from oil-based to battery-based.
文摘The application of pressure leaching technology in the treatment of high-copper and high-arsenic dust was studied.The pressure leaching technique was determined as follows:the liquid to solid ratio(mL/g)of 5:1,the leaching temperature of 453 K,the retention time of 2 h,the initial sulfuric acid concentration of 0.74 mol/L,the oxygen partial pressure of 0.7 MPa,and the agitation speed of 500 r/min.Under these conditions,95%of copper and 99%of zinc and only 6%of iron in the dust were leached,while about 20%of arsenic was also leached.The leaching technique was optimized further to restrain the leaching of arsenic by adding a small quantity of ferrous iron into the leaching system(c(Fe2 +)=0.036 mol/L).Copper and zinc can be effectively separated from arsenic and iron in the leach.The optimal pressure leaching technique of high-copper and high-arsenic smelter dust is proved to be effective.
基金supported by the China National Public Welfare Program for Environmental Protection(No.201509031)The Hi-Tech Research and Development Program(863)of China(No.2013AA06A206)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
文摘The soil moisture regime can affect the release of heavy metals in soil. In the previous studies, slightly polluted soils or artificially contaminated soil samples were considered to investigate the effect of soil moisture. We used highly smelter-contaminated and aged soils to study the release of typical heavy metals(Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) induced by water incubation in batch experiments with characterization via speciation and X-ray diffraction analyses(XRD). The results show that the leachable concentrations of the heavy metals increased slightly in the first 30 days, decreased drastically between 30 and 90 days, and immobilized relatively constant thereafter. The fluctuation was ascribed to the changes of soil Eh and pH, the reductive dissolution of crystalline iron oxides, the formation of new amorphous iron oxides, the absorption of dissolved organic matter and the precipitation of metal sulfide. Speciation analysis indicated that a proportion of the soil heavy metals was transformed from an exchangeable fraction to a less labile fraction after water incubation. And the presence of a lead iron oxide phase and the peak increasing of zinc sulfide were observed via XRD analyses. Finally, water incubation restrained the release of heavy metals after 180 days of incubation, and reduced the leachability of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb by as much as 1.61%–7.21% for soil A and 0.43%–3.36% for soil B, respectively. The study findings have implications for the formulation of risk control and management strategies for heavy metals in smelter-contaminated soils.
基金Project(2011AA061001)supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(51304251)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2013M542141)supported by China Postdoctoral FoundationProject(K1201010-61)supported by Planned Program of Science and Technology of Changsha,China
文摘A field study was conducted to determine the behavior and distribution of arsenic during the pyrometallurgy process in a typical SKS(Shuikoushan) lead smelter in Hunan province, China. Environmental influences of arsenic in selected samples were evaluated. Arsenic contents in all input and output samples vary from 0.11% in raw lead to 6.66% in collected dust-2. More arsenic is volatilized in blast furnace and fuming furnace(73.02% of arsenic input) than bottom blowing furnace(10.29% of arsenic input).There are 78.97%, 13.69%, 7.31% of total arsenic distributed in intermediate materials, stockpiled materials and unorganized emissions, respectively. Matte slag-2, collected dust-1 and secondary zinc oxide are hazardous based on the arsenic concentrations of toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. According to risk assessment code(RAC) guideline, arsenic in collected dust-1 poses a very serious risk to the surrounding environment, arsenic in speiss, matte slag-2, water-quenched slag and secondary zinc oxide show low risk, while arsenic in matte slag-1, collected dust-2 and post dust has no risk to the environment.
文摘This paper describes the structure and function of the intelligent decision support system (IDSS) on the process of nickel matte smelter. The knowledge and model base system based on fuzzy-decision rules ale specially suggested. The IDSS possesses the self-learning and adaptive properties, andhas been used for managing and analyzing the production information, optimizing the composition of the charge mixture, and deciding the optimal operational conditions. Electric energy consumption has been reduced remarkably and the yield of nickel has been increased.
基金National"973"Plan Research Project(No.2004CB619204)Educational Ministry Scientific and Technological Research Key Project(No.02052)
文摘The preparation of granulated adsorption material of water-quenched slag/rectorite composite and the treatment of Cu （ Ⅱ ）-containing copper smelter wastewater with the adsorption material were studied. The experimental results showed that under the conditions with the mass ratio of water-quenched slag to rectorite of 1：1, 10% additive of industrial starch （IS）, and 50% water, and a calcination temperature of 400 ℃, the granulated adsorption material prepared had a density of 1.06 kg/m^3, a porosity of 62.29%, water absorption rate of 58.82%, and compressive strength of 2.22 MPa. The efficiency of wastewater treatment was the best, whereas the rate of spallation loss was low. Under the conditions of natural pH, with the addition of the granulated adsorption material of 0.05 g/mL, a reaction time of 40 minutes, and temperature of 25 ℃, the efficiency of the granulated adsorption material for the removal of Cu （ Ⅱ ） ions from the copper smelter wastewater attained 98.2%, and the quality indexes of the wastewater after treatment conformed with the first level of integrated wastewater discharge standard （GB8978-1996）. The reclamation of the used granulated adsorption material was carried out by de-sorption of the Cu （ Ⅱ） ions from the surface with 1 mol/L sodium chloride solution. The de-sorption rate was 96.4%, and the adsorption material can be reused many times to treat copper smelter wastewater.
基金supported by the Public Welfare Special Projects of National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China(No.201402021)The ‘Twelfth Five-Year Plan’ of the National Science and Technology Support(No.2014BAI12B01)
文摘Case reports of indium-related lung disease in workers have raised public concern to the human toxicity of indium （In） and its compounds. However, studies evaluating the exposure or health of workers in In smelting plants are rare. Therefore, in this study, we focused on four In smelting plants, with the main objective of characterizing In in smelter plants in China and discussing the potential exposure biomarkers of In exposure.
文摘The flow and heat transfer of the basalt melt in the boundary layer on a flat plate is considered. The conditions of formation of the layer and the intensity of heat transfer are determined. A self-similar analysis using the symmetry method was used. A system of ordinary differential equations in self-similar form is obtained. The fluid flow and heat transfer of molten basalt at a laminar steady-state flow in the feeder furnaces are numerically researched. The term “protective layer” on the interface “basalt melt-lining” is introduced. The dependences for the calculation of dimensionless shear stresses and the Nusselt number on the lining surface are obtained. The conditions of rational organization of the technological process of basalt melt feeding in the furnace feeder are formulated.
文摘Slag is waste from pyrometallurgical processing, usually stored in stacks or warehouses around or near smelters. Slag research has focused on potential environmental problems associated with slag weathering or processing for secondary metal recovery and/or other uses (construction, landscaping, etc.). Located in northern Mexico, the city of Chihuahua has a mining history that dates back to the eighteenth century. A lead smelter located southeast of Chihuahua City;closed in 1997, leaving behind a large pile of slag. In this study, a chemical analysis of smelter slag was carried out. The tailings contain Zn (15 - 35 wt%), Pb (0.5 - 4 wt%), As (0.6 wt%), Sn (888 ppb) and Hg (170 ppb). XRD identified several minerals such as hardystonite (Ca<sub>2</sub>ZnSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>), melanotekite (), kentrolite () and sphalerite (ZnS) in the glass. Major elements are present in phases such as monticellite (CaMgSiO<sub>4</sub>), kirschsteinite (CaFe<sup>2+</sup>SiO<sub>4</sub>), hedenbergite (CaFe<sup>2+</sup>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>), babingtonite (Fe<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>), magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), and calcite (CaCO<sub>3</sub>). Whether the goal is reuse, recycling or remediation, research into the properties of slag and its environmental and health impacts (on vulnerable exposed populations) should continue to be relevant.
文摘The Shenyang Smelter,which is located in Shenyang,the well-known industrialcity of northeastern China,is one of the most important non-ferrous metallurgicalplants in the people’s Republic of China.Shenyang is the capital of Liaoning Provin-ce,where transportation is very convenient by the railway,and it is connected direc-tly with the famous seaports-Dalian and Tianjin.
文摘Stable flow of off-gas dust from dust collector hoppers and storage silos is important for smooth operation. Flow properties of the collected off-gas dust are critical to achieve suitable flow. Various dust samples collected from secondary copper smelter off-gases were studied. The median diameter of the fine-grained dusts varied from 0.8 to 1.4 μm and the flowability ranged from ＂cohesive＂ to ＂very cohesive＂. The flowa- bility of shaft and anode furnace dust improved slightly with increasing consolidation stress and their wall friction angles decreased, which is a typical behavior. In contrast, the flowability of converter dust decreased with increasing consolidation stress and its wall friction angles increased. Pre-shear treatment of converter dust worsened its flowability, increased the wall friction angle, and improved the flowabil- ity with increasing consolidation stress. This is believed to occur because pre-shear treatment fragments small agglomerates in the dust that improve flowability. The presence of such agglomerates was con- firmed by sieving tests. A diagrammatic representation of the flowability showing that the unconfined yield strength is dependent on consolidation stress can be improved by using logarithmically scaled axes.
