Advances in wearable electronics and information technology drive sports data collection and analysis toward real-time visualization and precision. The growing pursuit of athleticism and healthy life makes it appealin...Advances in wearable electronics and information technology drive sports data collection and analysis toward real-time visualization and precision. The growing pursuit of athleticism and healthy life makes it appealing for individuals to track their real-time health and exercise data seamlessly. While numerous devices enable sports and health monitoring, maintaining comfort over long periods remains a considerable challenge, especially in high-intensity and sweaty sports scenarios. Textiles, with their breathability, deformability, and moisture-wicking abilities, ensure exceptional comfort during prolonged wear, making them ideal for wearable platforms. This review summarized the progress of research on textile-based sports monitoring devices. First, the design principles and fabrication methods of smart textiles were introduced systematically. Textiles undergo a distinctive fiber-yarn-fabric or fiber-fabric manufacturing process that allows for the regulation of performance and the integration of functional elements at every step. Then, the performance requirements for precise sports data collection of smart textiles, including main vital signs, joint movement, and data transmission, were discussed. Lastly, the applications of smart textiles in various sports scenarios are demonstrated. Additionally, the review provides an in-depth analysis of the emerging challenges, strategies, and opportunities for the research and development of sports-oriented smart textiles. Smart textiles not only maintain comfort and accuracy in sports, but also serve as inexpensive and efficient information-gathering terminals. Therefore, developing multifunctional, cost-effective textile-based systems for personalized sports and healthcare is a pressing need for the future of intelligent sports.展开更多
In recent years,smart textiles have attracted the attention of scholars from all walks of life,but there is an imbalance between functionality and usability,which affects their marketization process.Firstly,five repre...In recent years,smart textiles have attracted the attention of scholars from all walks of life,but there is an imbalance between functionality and usability,which affects their marketization process.Firstly,five representative smart textiles are introduced and their respective wearability is described around preparation methods.Secondly,it is concluded that the preparation methods of smart textiles can be divided into two categories:fiber methods and finishing methods.The fiber methods refer to making smart fibers into smart textiles.Textiles made by fiber methods are breathable and feel good in the hand,but the mechanical properties are influenced by the production equipment,and the process cost is high.The finishing methods refer to the functional finishing of ordinary textiles.Although the finishing method is simple and convenient,it may reduce the comfort of the textile.Finally,applications and new research in various fields of smart textiles are presented with promising prospects.It is anticipated that this review will serve as a theoretical basis for future research and development of smart textiles.Researchers are expected to create new technologies to overcome the tension between functionality and usability,as well as to increase user comfort and convenience.展开更多
This article explores the role of smart textiles in transforming healthcare environments into spaces that prioritize patient well-being. We will examine the advantages of smart textiles in healthcare settings, such as...This article explores the role of smart textiles in transforming healthcare environments into spaces that prioritize patient well-being. We will examine the advantages of smart textiles in healthcare settings, such as the real-time monitoring of vital signs through connected clothing. Additionally, we will introduce metadesign as a design approach that considers the interactions between users, healthcare environments, and technologies to create fulfilling experiences. By combining the advanced features of smart textiles with a patient-centered metadesign approach, it becomes possible to create care spaces that cater to patient needs. The objective of this article is to present the integration of metadesign in the design of smart textiles as a process aimed at enhancing the quality of the patient user experience. In this process, we will emphasize the collaborative approach and embrace technological innovation to harness the potential for ongoing improvement and provide users with high-quality experiences. Lastly, we will underscore the significance of adopting a multidimensional approach to evaluate the impact of smart textiles on the patient user experience.展开更多
Driven by rapid advancements in science and technology,public demand for textiles is undergoing a notable shift—moving beyond traditional fundamental functions such as warmth and aesthetics towards intelligent and fu...Driven by rapid advancements in science and technology,public demand for textiles is undergoing a notable shift—moving beyond traditional fundamental functions such as warmth and aesthetics towards intelligent and functional directions.Natural biomass-derived polysaccharides are identified as critical materials for next-gen flexible wearable smart textiles due to their biocompatibility,biodegradability,renewability,and unique chemical structures.Herein,this review presents an overview of some common natural biomass-derived polysaccharide materials for preparing flexible wearable smart textiles.It also introduces the basic structural features of common natural biomass-derived polysaccharides and discusses relevant modification methods.Moreover,current preparation methods of natural biomass-derived polysaccharide materials for flexible wearable smart textiles are systematically summarized,and an in-depth exploration is carried out to dissect their respective advantages and inherent limitations.This review also summarizes the performance characteristics,action mechanisms,and applicable scenarios of flexible wearable smart textiles based on natural polysaccharide materials.Concurrently,it discusses and analyzes the applications of flexible wearable smart textiles based on natural polysaccharide materials in healthcare,motion tracking,smart clothing,and energy storage and management.Finally,existing challenges and potential directions in the field of natural polysaccharide materials-integrated smart textile systems are comprehensively summarized and presented.Overall,such insights are expected to steer the development of more efficient green flexible wearable devices based on these smart textiles.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is emerging as a transformative enabler in the development of smart textile systems,particularly those integrating powder-based functional materials.This review highlights recent progress in...Artificial intelligence(AI)is emerging as a transformative enabler in the development of smart textile systems,particularly those integrating powder-based functional materials.This review highlights recent progress in AIguided design of carbon nanomaterials,metallic nanoparticles,and framework-based powders for applications in energy harvesting,intelligent sensing,and robotic actuation.Machine learning techniques,including supervised learning,transfer learning,and Bayesian optimization are discussed for accelerating materials discovery,enhancing integration strategies,and enabling real-time adaptive control.Emphasis is placed on how AI enables multifunctional,wearable platforms that sense,process,and respond to environmental and physiological cues with high accuracy and autonomy.Representative breakthroughs in soft robotics,haptic interfaces,and assistive devices are presented,demonstrating the synergy of AI and responsive textiles.Finally,the review outlines key challenges related to data scarcity,model generalizability,manufacturing scalability,and sustainability,while proposing future directions involving multimodal learning,autonomous experimentation,and ethics-aware design.This work offers a comprehensive outlook on next-generation AI-driven textile systems that seamlessly integrate intelligence,functionality,and wearability.展开更多
Since their discovery in 2011,MXenes,two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides,have emerged as highly promising materials for smart textile applications.They offer exceptional properties such as high elec...Since their discovery in 2011,MXenes,two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides,have emerged as highly promising materials for smart textile applications.They offer exceptional properties such as high electrical conductivity,optical tunability,and mechanical flexibility.These materials can also be produced at scale and readily solution-processed into textile formats,fueling a surge of interest in integrating MXenes into various smart textile applications,from strain sensors and wearable biosensors to adaptive thermal management and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding.However,despite this rapid growth,existing reviews of MXene-enabled smart textiles remain narrow in scope,often focusing on single fabrication methods or specific functionalities.Such a fragmented perspective makes it difficult for researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of how the field has evolved and where it is headed.In response,we present a quantitative bibliographic analysis of MXene–textile research from 2017 through 2024,encompassing nearly 1000 publications.This review categorizes the literature by major functional domains(sensing,energy storage/harvesting,EMI shielding,and heating)and examines their shifts over time,providing reasons and examples for these changes in research interest.Additionally,detailed analyses of functions in each category were conducted in a similar fashion.Our holistic,data-driven assessment offers guidance for future research and commercialization of MXene-functionalized smart textiles by identifying high-impact areas,emerging opportunities,and critical gaps.展开更多
Smart textiles with high sensitivity and rapid response for various external stimuli have gained tremendous attentions in human healthcare monitoring,personal heat management,and wearable electronics.However,the curre...Smart textiles with high sensitivity and rapid response for various external stimuli have gained tremendous attentions in human healthcare monitoring,personal heat management,and wearable electronics.However,the current smart textiles only acquire desired signal passively,regularly lacking subsequent on-demand therapy actively.Herein,a robust,breathable,and flexible smart textiles as multi-function sensor and wearable heater for human health monitoring and gentle thermotherapy in real time is constructed.The composite fiber as strain sensor(CFY@PU)was fabricated via warping carbon fiber yarns(CFY)onto polyurethane fibers(PU),which endowed composite fiber with high conductivity,excellent sensitivity(GF=76.2),and fantastic dynamic durability(7500 cycles)in strain sensing.In addition,CFY@PU can detect various degrees of human movements such as elbow bending,swallowing and pulse,which can provide effective information for disease diagnosis.More surprisingly,weaving CFY@PU into a fabric can assemble highly sensitive pressure sensor for remote communication and information encryption.Warping CFY onto Kevlar would obtain temperature-sensitive composite fiber(CFY@Kevlar)as temperature sensor and wearable heater for on-demand thermotherapy,which provided unique opportunities in designing smart textiles with ultrahigh sensitivity,rapid response,and great dynamic durability.展开更多
Merging electronics with textiles has become an emerging trend since textiles hold magnificent wearing comfort and userfriendliness compared with conventional wearable bioelectronics.Smart textiles can be effectively ...Merging electronics with textiles has become an emerging trend since textiles hold magnificent wearing comfort and userfriendliness compared with conventional wearable bioelectronics.Smart textiles can be effectively integrated into our daily wearing to convert on-body biomechanical,biochemical,and body heat energy into electrical signals for long-term,real-time monitoring of physiological states,showing compelling medical and economic benefits.This review summarizes the current progress in self-powered biomonitoring textiles along three pathways:biomechanical,body heat,and biochemical energy conversion.Finally,it also presents promising directions and challenges in the field,as well as insights into future development.This review aims to highlight the frontiers of smart textiles for self-powered biomonitoring,which could contribute to revolutionizing our traditional healthcare into a personalized model.展开更多
Recent advancements in luminescent fibers are transforming textiles by inte-grating lighting and display functionalities into fabrics for applications such as health monitoring,dynamic displays,and adaptive camouflage...Recent advancements in luminescent fibers are transforming textiles by inte-grating lighting and display functionalities into fabrics for applications such as health monitoring,dynamic displays,and adaptive camouflage.Active electro-luminescent fibers,powered by electric fields,enable tunable light emission,while passive photoluminescent fibers rely on photoluminescence or tribolumi-nescence to emit light.Although challenges remain in achieving uniform lumi-nescence and ensuring durability,breakthroughs in materials science,structural engineering,and system integration are addressing these issues.Innovations such as chipless electroluminescent textiles and thermally drawn photoluminescent fibers highlight significant progress,pointing toward a future where clothing fa-cilitates health monitoring and dynamic interaction,advancing natural human–machine interfaces.展开更多
Wearable electronic textiles(e-textiles)with embedded electronics offer promising solutions for unobtrusive,real-time health monitoring,enhancing healthcare efficiency.However,their adoption is limited by performance ...Wearable electronic textiles(e-textiles)with embedded electronics offer promising solutions for unobtrusive,real-time health monitoring,enhancing healthcare efficiency.However,their adoption is limited by performance and sustainability challenges in materials,manufacturing,and recycling.This study introduces a sustainable paradigm for the fabrication of fully inkjet-printed Smart,Wearable,and Eco-friendly Electronic Textiles(SWEET)with the first comprehensive assessments of the biodegradability and life cycle assessment(LCA).SWEET addresses existing limitations,enabling concurrent and continuous monitoring of human physiology,including skin surface temperature(at temperature coefficient of resistance,TCR value of~-4.4%℃^(-1))and heart rate(-74 beats per minute,bpm)separately and simultaneously like the industry gold standard,using consistent,versatile,and highly efficient inkjet-printed graphene and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)-based wearable e-textiles.Demonstrations with a wearable garment on five human participants confirm the system’s capability to monitor their electrocardiogram(ECG)signals and skin temperature.Such sustainable and biodegradable e-textiles decompose by-48%in weight and lost-98%strength over 4months.Life cycle assessment(LCA)reveals that the graphene-based electrode has the lowest climate change impact of-0.037 kg CO_(2) eq,40 times lower than reference electrodes.This approach addresses material and manufacturing challenges,while aligning with environmental responsibility,marking a significant leap forward in sustainable e-textile technology for personalized healthcare management.展开更多
ISO releases two standards for textiles.Recently,two international standards,ISO 8159:2025,Textiles-Morphology of fibres and yarns-Vocabulary,and ISO 17971:2025,Textiles-Smart textiles-Test method for determining the ...ISO releases two standards for textiles.Recently,two international standards,ISO 8159:2025,Textiles-Morphology of fibres and yarns-Vocabulary,and ISO 17971:2025,Textiles-Smart textiles-Test method for determining the screen-touch properties of fabrics,were officially released.They are of positive significance for eliminating technical ambiguities in exchanges on textile products and filling the gaps in international standards.展开更多
Personal thermal management(PTM)is an important topic that holds great potential for enhancing human thermal comfort and optimizing energy efficiency,that typically relies on clothing and textiles.However,traditional ...Personal thermal management(PTM)is an important topic that holds great potential for enhancing human thermal comfort and optimizing energy efficiency,that typically relies on clothing and textiles.However,traditional textiles fail to adjust human thermal loss at low and high temperatures,no longer satisfy the soaring needs of dynamic heat dissipation due to diversified environmental operation.Recent research has seen significant advancements in smart thermal radiative textiles,which are driven by the booming progress in material-oriented and energy-oriented science and technology.These textiles endow the PTM systems with the efficient modulation of human body temperature and wearable comfortability,demonstrating considerable promise due to their rapid conversion efficiency of radiant heat.Here,we primarily introduce the fundamental concepts of heat transfer as well as the radiant heat regulating principles based on smart textiles.Subsequently,different regulation functionalities of smart textiles,consisting of radiative cooling,radiative heating,and smart textile systems for radiative heating and cooling are demonstrated in detail.Finally,the current obstacles and prospective solutions for smart radiation-controlled textiles are proposed to enhance future thermal management technologies,giving prominence to functional innovations and commercial incubation.展开更多
Vertical cultivation is the most important method in the future spatially in smart agriculture systems. The fourth different thickness soilless textile was used as the board to cultivate water-cress (Eruca Sativa). Th...Vertical cultivation is the most important method in the future spatially in smart agriculture systems. The fourth different thickness soilless textile was used as the board to cultivate water-cress (Eruca Sativa). The vacuum pump model VRI V3 Dual Stage Vacuum Pump was constructed and used in the preliminary experimental test. It’s run to measure the water content and water absorption percentage for soilless board under lab conditions. Different tests were evaluated for the absorption sample after elapsed time 0.08, 0.17, 0.25, 5, 24 and 120 hours. Soilless board textile with thickness 32 mm, 26 mm, 21 mm and 16 mm made from the following material: woven fabric of Cotton. The four mattresses of smart textile as soilless vertical cultivation, measuring 40 cm width 60 cm length were created;it has filler from soft sawdust, a mixture of red (beech) and white (Swedish) wood. The result of preliminary test illustrated that the soilless board may be able to keep the amount of water for more than 72.3% after 5 days from edit water to soilless board. The soilless smart with 32 mm thickness gave highly growths of water-cress compared with the other smart mattress.展开更多
Smart fibers and textiles have attracted considerable interest for application in wearable devices because of their advantages of being human-friendly,lightweight,flexible,and comfortable.In addition,they are consider...Smart fibers and textiles have attracted considerable interest for application in wearable devices because of their advantages of being human-friendly,lightweight,flexible,and comfortable.In addition,they are considered to have potential applications in health monitoring,energy management,and human-machine interaction systems.Polymers and polymer fibers,with excellent mechanical strength,wrinkle resistance,and heat resistance,are widely used to fabricate smart fibers and textiles.Herein,a comprehensive overview of polymer-based fibers and textiles is provided.First,we review the design principles of various polymer-based smart textiles,including textile-based sensors,energy capture and storage textiles,and computation and display textiles.Next,materials used for preparing polymer-based smart fibers,such as metals,carbon-based materials,and natural and synthetic polymers,particularly conductive polymers,are summarized.In addition,this review summarizes key technologies used for preparing smart fibers and the conventional structures of smart textiles.Furthermore,the applications of smart textiles in personal health monitoring,thermal management,energy capture and storage,and computation and displays are discussed.Finally,the current challenges,limitations,and future trends of smart fibers and textiles are discussed.展开更多
An eco-friendly and visual pH indicator was developed based on cotton fabrics dyed with natural Lycium ruthenicum extract(LRE),whose color changed from red to purple,blue and green at pH of 2-10.Three methods for dyei...An eco-friendly and visual pH indicator was developed based on cotton fabrics dyed with natural Lycium ruthenicum extract(LRE),whose color changed from red to purple,blue and green at pH of 2-10.Three methods for dyeing cotton fabrics with LRE were attempted,namely pre-mordanting,simultaneous mordanting,and post-mordanting methods with different dyeing temperatures,dyeing times and dyebath pH values.The cotton fabrics exhibited the highest K/S value when they were dyed under a dyebath of pH 6 at 20℃for 90 min in the case of the simultaneous mordanting method.Meanwhile,the dyed cotton fabrics also showed reversible pH-dependent color changes.The developed flexible pH indicator based on renewable natural materials is suitable for multiple applications in environmental monitoring and smart textiles.展开更多
Conformable and breathable textile structures are ideal for flexible wearable pressure sensors,yet challenges remain in scalable fabrication,easy integration,and programmability.This study presents a cost-effective an...Conformable and breathable textile structures are ideal for flexible wearable pressure sensors,yet challenges remain in scalable fabrication,easy integration,and programmability.This study presents a cost-effective and customizable method to create fully textile-based pressure sensors using machine embroidery,enabling seamless integration into smart wearable systems.Two sensing configurations were developed:a single-layer satin block embroidered with conductive yarn,which exhibited high piezoresistivity,fast response(35 ms),quick recovery(16 ms),and robust durability over 5000 press-andrelease cycles,proven effective for monitoring activities such as plantar pressure and muscle contraction,and making it suitable for personalized health and fitness applications.The second configuration,a double-layer embroidery sensor with a conductive path and two parallel spacers anchored beneath a satin block,allows for array integration with minimal wiring,demonstrated by a 3×3 sensing array that,with the help of a convolutional neural network(CNN)machine learning model,accurately recognized handwritten numbers(0-9)with a 98.5%accuracy,showing its potential for user authentication and secure passcode entry.These findings underscore the potential of machine embroidery for developing scalable,integrated,and high-performance intelligent textile systems,paving the way for wearable technologies that are customizable,comfortable,and aesthetically appealing for a wide range of applications.展开更多
A ballistic impact is a potential threat faced by military personnel in a battle-field,which includes fragmented munitions from explosive material.A wide array of material including woven structures,laminated structur...A ballistic impact is a potential threat faced by military personnel in a battle-field,which includes fragmented munitions from explosive material.A wide array of material including woven structures,laminated structures and non-woven structures have been developed for protection against potential impacts.However,the kinetic energy of the bullet at the point of impact causes heat dissipation,which is an existing problem at hand when developing reinforcement material.Therefore,this research is focused on developing a conceptual model and design for a shape memory polymer reinforced knitted spacer structure,where the impact energy is to be absorbed by the polymeric yarn,when the thermal energy raises the temperature of the SMP above its glass transition temperature.A theoretical model has been developed to establish the fabric parameters of the structure to facilitate the purpose while,a comprehensive design methodology,including determining the SMPhas been introduced for the design of the ballistic protection structure.Additionally,a MATLAB simulation was conducted to model the relationship between thedissipated heat energy and the required fabric parameters.展开更多
Silks have various advantages compared with synthetic polymer fibers,such as sustainability,mechanical properties,luster,as well as air and humidity permeability.However,the functionalization of silks has not yet been...Silks have various advantages compared with synthetic polymer fibers,such as sustainability,mechanical properties,luster,as well as air and humidity permeability.However,the functionalization of silks has not yet been fully developed.Functionalization techniques that retain or even improve the sustainability of silk production are required.To this end,a low-cost,effective,and scalable strategy to produce TCSs by integrating yarn-spinning and continuous dip coating technique is developed herein.TCSs with extremely long length(>10 km),high mechanical performance(strength of 443.1 MPa,toughness of 56.0 MJ m−3,comparable with natural cocoon silk),and good interfacial bonding were developed.TCSs can be automatically woven into arbitrary fabrics,which feature super-hydrophobicity as well as rapid and programmable thermochromic responses with good cyclic performance:the response speed reached to one second and remained stable after hundreds of tests.Finally,applications of TCS fabrics in temperature management and dynamic textile displays are demonstrated,confirming their application potential in smart textiles,wearable devices,flexible displays,and human–machine interfaces.Moreover,combination of the fabrication and the demonstrated applications is expected to bridge the gap between lab research and industry and accelerate the commercialization of TCSs.展开更多
Smart textiles responding to the ambient environment like temperature,humidity,and light are highly desirable to improve the comfortability and realize multifunctions.The bamboo yarn has merits like air permeability,b...Smart textiles responding to the ambient environment like temperature,humidity,and light are highly desirable to improve the comfortability and realize multifunctions.The bamboo yarn has merits like air permeability,biodegradability,and excellent heat dissipation performance,but it has not been prepared for responsive materials and smart textiles.In this paper,the moisture-responsive twisted bamboo yarns were plied to form a self-balanced torsional actuator and wrapped around a mandrel to form a coil,followed by water immersion and evaporation to fix the shape and serve as a tensile actuator.A torsional actuation of 64.4°·mm^-1 was realized for the twisted actuator in 4.2 s;a maximum elongation of 133%or contraction of 50%was achieved for a coiled tensile actuator with good cyclability.The porous structure of bamboo yarns helped improve the water absorbance speed and decrease the response time of moisture.The self-balanced two-ply physical structure and reversible generation of chemical phase after soaking in aqueous solution fixed internal stress and provided good cyclability.With the unique properties including aqueous water-induced shape fixation and moisture-induced actuation,the application of tensile actuation of bamboo yarns was demonstrated,showing promising prospects on smart textiles.展开更多
In order to increase the application area of nanofibers,electrospun nanofiber yarns have drawn attention of many researchers around the globe.Once the production method of nanofiber yarn is mature enough to be univers...In order to increase the application area of nanofibers,electrospun nanofiber yarns have drawn attention of many researchers around the globe.Once the production method of nanofiber yarn is mature enough to be universally accepted,many new gates of applications will open to the world.In this review,different electrospinning techniques of electrospun nanofiber yarns are divided into needle electrospinning and needleless electrospinning.Considering yarn twist as an important mechanism,needle electrospinning technique is further categorized into mechanical,electrical and field flow twisting methods.Moreover,parameters influencing the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofiber yarns are investigated.Methods of improving mechanical properties of nanofiber yarns are addressed,including hot-water-bath treatment,addition of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and introducing regulators.Finally,applications of electrospun nanofiber yarns in different fields of smart textile and bioengineering are summed-up.In summary,challenges encountered in the industrialization of nanofiber yarns and future prospects are anticipated.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52073051, 52373054)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2232022A-04, 24D110109/005, 2232024G-06-01)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (23ZR1400900)Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Modern Textiles。
文摘Advances in wearable electronics and information technology drive sports data collection and analysis toward real-time visualization and precision. The growing pursuit of athleticism and healthy life makes it appealing for individuals to track their real-time health and exercise data seamlessly. While numerous devices enable sports and health monitoring, maintaining comfort over long periods remains a considerable challenge, especially in high-intensity and sweaty sports scenarios. Textiles, with their breathability, deformability, and moisture-wicking abilities, ensure exceptional comfort during prolonged wear, making them ideal for wearable platforms. This review summarized the progress of research on textile-based sports monitoring devices. First, the design principles and fabrication methods of smart textiles were introduced systematically. Textiles undergo a distinctive fiber-yarn-fabric or fiber-fabric manufacturing process that allows for the regulation of performance and the integration of functional elements at every step. Then, the performance requirements for precise sports data collection of smart textiles, including main vital signs, joint movement, and data transmission, were discussed. Lastly, the applications of smart textiles in various sports scenarios are demonstrated. Additionally, the review provides an in-depth analysis of the emerging challenges, strategies, and opportunities for the research and development of sports-oriented smart textiles. Smart textiles not only maintain comfort and accuracy in sports, but also serve as inexpensive and efficient information-gathering terminals. Therefore, developing multifunctional, cost-effective textile-based systems for personalized sports and healthcare is a pressing need for the future of intelligent sports.
基金Innovation Team Building Program of Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology,China。
文摘In recent years,smart textiles have attracted the attention of scholars from all walks of life,but there is an imbalance between functionality and usability,which affects their marketization process.Firstly,five representative smart textiles are introduced and their respective wearability is described around preparation methods.Secondly,it is concluded that the preparation methods of smart textiles can be divided into two categories:fiber methods and finishing methods.The fiber methods refer to making smart fibers into smart textiles.Textiles made by fiber methods are breathable and feel good in the hand,but the mechanical properties are influenced by the production equipment,and the process cost is high.The finishing methods refer to the functional finishing of ordinary textiles.Although the finishing method is simple and convenient,it may reduce the comfort of the textile.Finally,applications and new research in various fields of smart textiles are presented with promising prospects.It is anticipated that this review will serve as a theoretical basis for future research and development of smart textiles.Researchers are expected to create new technologies to overcome the tension between functionality and usability,as well as to increase user comfort and convenience.
文摘This article explores the role of smart textiles in transforming healthcare environments into spaces that prioritize patient well-being. We will examine the advantages of smart textiles in healthcare settings, such as the real-time monitoring of vital signs through connected clothing. Additionally, we will introduce metadesign as a design approach that considers the interactions between users, healthcare environments, and technologies to create fulfilling experiences. By combining the advanced features of smart textiles with a patient-centered metadesign approach, it becomes possible to create care spaces that cater to patient needs. The objective of this article is to present the integration of metadesign in the design of smart textiles as a process aimed at enhancing the quality of the patient user experience. In this process, we will emphasize the collaborative approach and embrace technological innovation to harness the potential for ongoing improvement and provide users with high-quality experiences. Lastly, we will underscore the significance of adopting a multidimensional approach to evaluate the impact of smart textiles on the patient user experience.
基金supported by the"Scientists+Engineers"Talent Team Construction Project of Xianyang City(L2024-CXNLKJRCTD-DWJS-0003)。
文摘Driven by rapid advancements in science and technology,public demand for textiles is undergoing a notable shift—moving beyond traditional fundamental functions such as warmth and aesthetics towards intelligent and functional directions.Natural biomass-derived polysaccharides are identified as critical materials for next-gen flexible wearable smart textiles due to their biocompatibility,biodegradability,renewability,and unique chemical structures.Herein,this review presents an overview of some common natural biomass-derived polysaccharide materials for preparing flexible wearable smart textiles.It also introduces the basic structural features of common natural biomass-derived polysaccharides and discusses relevant modification methods.Moreover,current preparation methods of natural biomass-derived polysaccharide materials for flexible wearable smart textiles are systematically summarized,and an in-depth exploration is carried out to dissect their respective advantages and inherent limitations.This review also summarizes the performance characteristics,action mechanisms,and applicable scenarios of flexible wearable smart textiles based on natural polysaccharide materials.Concurrently,it discusses and analyzes the applications of flexible wearable smart textiles based on natural polysaccharide materials in healthcare,motion tracking,smart clothing,and energy storage and management.Finally,existing challenges and potential directions in the field of natural polysaccharide materials-integrated smart textile systems are comprehensively summarized and presented.Overall,such insights are expected to steer the development of more efficient green flexible wearable devices based on these smart textiles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52373085,52573090 and U21A2095)Department of Science and Technology of Hubei Province(No.2025CSA001 and 2024CSA076),Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Scientific and Technology Innovation Team of Higher Education Institutions of Hubei Province(No.T2024010),Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2023AFA828 and 2024AFB238)+2 种基金Innovative Team Program of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFA027)Open Fund for Hubei Integrative Technology and Innovation Center for Advanced Fiberous Materials(XC202517)National Local Joint Laboratory for Advanced Textile Processing and Clean Production(FX20240005).
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is emerging as a transformative enabler in the development of smart textile systems,particularly those integrating powder-based functional materials.This review highlights recent progress in AIguided design of carbon nanomaterials,metallic nanoparticles,and framework-based powders for applications in energy harvesting,intelligent sensing,and robotic actuation.Machine learning techniques,including supervised learning,transfer learning,and Bayesian optimization are discussed for accelerating materials discovery,enhancing integration strategies,and enabling real-time adaptive control.Emphasis is placed on how AI enables multifunctional,wearable platforms that sense,process,and respond to environmental and physiological cues with high accuracy and autonomy.Representative breakthroughs in soft robotics,haptic interfaces,and assistive devices are presented,demonstrating the synergy of AI and responsive textiles.Finally,the review outlines key challenges related to data scarcity,model generalizability,manufacturing scalability,and sustainability,while proposing future directions involving multimodal learning,autonomous experimentation,and ethics-aware design.This work offers a comprehensive outlook on next-generation AI-driven textile systems that seamlessly integrate intelligence,functionality,and wearability.
文摘Since their discovery in 2011,MXenes,two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides,have emerged as highly promising materials for smart textile applications.They offer exceptional properties such as high electrical conductivity,optical tunability,and mechanical flexibility.These materials can also be produced at scale and readily solution-processed into textile formats,fueling a surge of interest in integrating MXenes into various smart textile applications,from strain sensors and wearable biosensors to adaptive thermal management and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding.However,despite this rapid growth,existing reviews of MXene-enabled smart textiles remain narrow in scope,often focusing on single fabrication methods or specific functionalities.Such a fragmented perspective makes it difficult for researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of how the field has evolved and where it is headed.In response,we present a quantitative bibliographic analysis of MXene–textile research from 2017 through 2024,encompassing nearly 1000 publications.This review categorizes the literature by major functional domains(sensing,energy storage/harvesting,EMI shielding,and heating)and examines their shifts over time,providing reasons and examples for these changes in research interest.Additionally,detailed analyses of functions in each category were conducted in a similar fashion.Our holistic,data-driven assessment offers guidance for future research and commercialization of MXene-functionalized smart textiles by identifying high-impact areas,emerging opportunities,and critical gaps.
基金supported by Outstanding Youth Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(LR22E030002)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C01049)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Key Foundation of China(LZ20E030003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52273095).
文摘Smart textiles with high sensitivity and rapid response for various external stimuli have gained tremendous attentions in human healthcare monitoring,personal heat management,and wearable electronics.However,the current smart textiles only acquire desired signal passively,regularly lacking subsequent on-demand therapy actively.Herein,a robust,breathable,and flexible smart textiles as multi-function sensor and wearable heater for human health monitoring and gentle thermotherapy in real time is constructed.The composite fiber as strain sensor(CFY@PU)was fabricated via warping carbon fiber yarns(CFY)onto polyurethane fibers(PU),which endowed composite fiber with high conductivity,excellent sensitivity(GF=76.2),and fantastic dynamic durability(7500 cycles)in strain sensing.In addition,CFY@PU can detect various degrees of human movements such as elbow bending,swallowing and pulse,which can provide effective information for disease diagnosis.More surprisingly,weaving CFY@PU into a fabric can assemble highly sensitive pressure sensor for remote communication and information encryption.Warping CFY onto Kevlar would obtain temperature-sensitive composite fiber(CFY@Kevlar)as temperature sensor and wearable heater for on-demand thermotherapy,which provided unique opportunities in designing smart textiles with ultrahigh sensitivity,rapid response,and great dynamic durability.
基金support.J.C.also acknowledges the Hellman Fellows Research Grant,the UCLA Pandemic Resources Program Research Award,the Research Recovery Grant by the UCLA Academic Senatethe Brain&Behavior Research Foundation Young Investigator Grant(Grant Number:30944)the Catalyzing Pediatric Innovation Grant(Grant Number:47744)from the West Coast Consortium for Technology&Innovation in Pediatrics,Children’s Hospital Los Angeles.
文摘Merging electronics with textiles has become an emerging trend since textiles hold magnificent wearing comfort and userfriendliness compared with conventional wearable bioelectronics.Smart textiles can be effectively integrated into our daily wearing to convert on-body biomechanical,biochemical,and body heat energy into electrical signals for long-term,real-time monitoring of physiological states,showing compelling medical and economic benefits.This review summarizes the current progress in self-powered biomonitoring textiles along three pathways:biomechanical,body heat,and biochemical energy conversion.Finally,it also presents promising directions and challenges in the field,as well as insights into future development.This review aims to highlight the frontiers of smart textiles for self-powered biomonitoring,which could contribute to revolutionizing our traditional healthcare into a personalized model.
基金the Vernroy Makoto Watanabe Excellence in Research Award at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering,the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award(No.N00014-24-1-2065)the National Institutes of Health Grant(No.R01 CA287326)+5 种基金the National Science Foundation Grant(No.2425858)the American Heart Association Innovative Project Award(No.23IPA1054908)the American Heart Association Transformational Project Award(No.23TPA1141360)the American Heart Association’s Second Century Early Faculty Independence Award(No.23SCEFIA1157587)the Brain&Behavior Research Foundation Young Investigator Grant(No.0944)the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Science UCLA CTSI(No.KL2TR001882).
文摘Recent advancements in luminescent fibers are transforming textiles by inte-grating lighting and display functionalities into fabrics for applications such as health monitoring,dynamic displays,and adaptive camouflage.Active electro-luminescent fibers,powered by electric fields,enable tunable light emission,while passive photoluminescent fibers rely on photoluminescence or tribolumi-nescence to emit light.Although challenges remain in achieving uniform lumi-nescence and ensuring durability,breakthroughs in materials science,structural engineering,and system integration are addressing these issues.Innovations such as chipless electroluminescent textiles and thermally drawn photoluminescent fibers highlight significant progress,pointing toward a future where clothing fa-cilitates health monitoring and dynamic interaction,advancing natural human–machine interfaces.
基金funding from Commonwealth Scholarship Commission(CSC)U.K.for a Ph.D.scholarship for Marzia DulalUKRI Research England the Expanding Excellence in England(E3)grant.
文摘Wearable electronic textiles(e-textiles)with embedded electronics offer promising solutions for unobtrusive,real-time health monitoring,enhancing healthcare efficiency.However,their adoption is limited by performance and sustainability challenges in materials,manufacturing,and recycling.This study introduces a sustainable paradigm for the fabrication of fully inkjet-printed Smart,Wearable,and Eco-friendly Electronic Textiles(SWEET)with the first comprehensive assessments of the biodegradability and life cycle assessment(LCA).SWEET addresses existing limitations,enabling concurrent and continuous monitoring of human physiology,including skin surface temperature(at temperature coefficient of resistance,TCR value of~-4.4%℃^(-1))and heart rate(-74 beats per minute,bpm)separately and simultaneously like the industry gold standard,using consistent,versatile,and highly efficient inkjet-printed graphene and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)-based wearable e-textiles.Demonstrations with a wearable garment on five human participants confirm the system’s capability to monitor their electrocardiogram(ECG)signals and skin temperature.Such sustainable and biodegradable e-textiles decompose by-48%in weight and lost-98%strength over 4months.Life cycle assessment(LCA)reveals that the graphene-based electrode has the lowest climate change impact of-0.037 kg CO_(2) eq,40 times lower than reference electrodes.This approach addresses material and manufacturing challenges,while aligning with environmental responsibility,marking a significant leap forward in sustainable e-textile technology for personalized healthcare management.
文摘ISO releases two standards for textiles.Recently,two international standards,ISO 8159:2025,Textiles-Morphology of fibres and yarns-Vocabulary,and ISO 17971:2025,Textiles-Smart textiles-Test method for determining the screen-touch properties of fabrics,were officially released.They are of positive significance for eliminating technical ambiguities in exchanges on textile products and filling the gaps in international standards.
基金supported by the Innovation and Technology Fund of Innovation and Technology Commission(Grant No.ITS/119/22)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(Grant No.SGDX20220530111401011)+3 种基金Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(Grant nos.RFS2324-1S03,11211523,11213721,and 11215722)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.62122002)The City University of Hong Kong(Grant nos.9667221,9667246,9680322,and 9667199)in part of the InnoHK Project on Project 2.2—AI-based 3D ultrasound imaging algorithm at Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering(COCHE).
文摘Personal thermal management(PTM)is an important topic that holds great potential for enhancing human thermal comfort and optimizing energy efficiency,that typically relies on clothing and textiles.However,traditional textiles fail to adjust human thermal loss at low and high temperatures,no longer satisfy the soaring needs of dynamic heat dissipation due to diversified environmental operation.Recent research has seen significant advancements in smart thermal radiative textiles,which are driven by the booming progress in material-oriented and energy-oriented science and technology.These textiles endow the PTM systems with the efficient modulation of human body temperature and wearable comfortability,demonstrating considerable promise due to their rapid conversion efficiency of radiant heat.Here,we primarily introduce the fundamental concepts of heat transfer as well as the radiant heat regulating principles based on smart textiles.Subsequently,different regulation functionalities of smart textiles,consisting of radiative cooling,radiative heating,and smart textile systems for radiative heating and cooling are demonstrated in detail.Finally,the current obstacles and prospective solutions for smart radiation-controlled textiles are proposed to enhance future thermal management technologies,giving prominence to functional innovations and commercial incubation.
文摘Vertical cultivation is the most important method in the future spatially in smart agriculture systems. The fourth different thickness soilless textile was used as the board to cultivate water-cress (Eruca Sativa). The vacuum pump model VRI V3 Dual Stage Vacuum Pump was constructed and used in the preliminary experimental test. It’s run to measure the water content and water absorption percentage for soilless board under lab conditions. Different tests were evaluated for the absorption sample after elapsed time 0.08, 0.17, 0.25, 5, 24 and 120 hours. Soilless board textile with thickness 32 mm, 26 mm, 21 mm and 16 mm made from the following material: woven fabric of Cotton. The four mattresses of smart textile as soilless vertical cultivation, measuring 40 cm width 60 cm length were created;it has filler from soft sawdust, a mixture of red (beech) and white (Swedish) wood. The result of preliminary test illustrated that the soilless board may be able to keep the amount of water for more than 72.3% after 5 days from edit water to soilless board. The soilless smart with 32 mm thickness gave highly growths of water-cress compared with the other smart mattress.
基金supported by Hubei University of Science and Technology Doctoral Start-up Fund Project(Grant No.BK202306)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52373235)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China for Young Scholars(Grant No.2022CFB749)Hubei Provincial Education Department Research Young and Middle-aged Talent Fund(Grant No.Q20222803)Hubei Province Key R&D Plan Big Health Local Special Project(Grant No.2022BCE042)Hubei University of Science and Technology Engineering Master's Program Construction Special Fund(Grant No.2018-19GZA06)。
文摘Smart fibers and textiles have attracted considerable interest for application in wearable devices because of their advantages of being human-friendly,lightweight,flexible,and comfortable.In addition,they are considered to have potential applications in health monitoring,energy management,and human-machine interaction systems.Polymers and polymer fibers,with excellent mechanical strength,wrinkle resistance,and heat resistance,are widely used to fabricate smart fibers and textiles.Herein,a comprehensive overview of polymer-based fibers and textiles is provided.First,we review the design principles of various polymer-based smart textiles,including textile-based sensors,energy capture and storage textiles,and computation and display textiles.Next,materials used for preparing polymer-based smart fibers,such as metals,carbon-based materials,and natural and synthetic polymers,particularly conductive polymers,are summarized.In addition,this review summarizes key technologies used for preparing smart fibers and the conventional structures of smart textiles.Furthermore,the applications of smart textiles in personal health monitoring,thermal management,energy capture and storage,and computation and displays are discussed.Finally,the current challenges,limitations,and future trends of smart fibers and textiles are discussed.
基金Quanzhou City Science&Technology Program of China(No.2019C014R)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Quanzhou Normal University,China(No.S202110399067)。
文摘An eco-friendly and visual pH indicator was developed based on cotton fabrics dyed with natural Lycium ruthenicum extract(LRE),whose color changed from red to purple,blue and green at pH of 2-10.Three methods for dyeing cotton fabrics with LRE were attempted,namely pre-mordanting,simultaneous mordanting,and post-mordanting methods with different dyeing temperatures,dyeing times and dyebath pH values.The cotton fabrics exhibited the highest K/S value when they were dyed under a dyebath of pH 6 at 20℃for 90 min in the case of the simultaneous mordanting method.Meanwhile,the dyed cotton fabrics also showed reversible pH-dependent color changes.The developed flexible pH indicator based on renewable natural materials is suitable for multiple applications in environmental monitoring and smart textiles.
文摘Conformable and breathable textile structures are ideal for flexible wearable pressure sensors,yet challenges remain in scalable fabrication,easy integration,and programmability.This study presents a cost-effective and customizable method to create fully textile-based pressure sensors using machine embroidery,enabling seamless integration into smart wearable systems.Two sensing configurations were developed:a single-layer satin block embroidered with conductive yarn,which exhibited high piezoresistivity,fast response(35 ms),quick recovery(16 ms),and robust durability over 5000 press-andrelease cycles,proven effective for monitoring activities such as plantar pressure and muscle contraction,and making it suitable for personalized health and fitness applications.The second configuration,a double-layer embroidery sensor with a conductive path and two parallel spacers anchored beneath a satin block,allows for array integration with minimal wiring,demonstrated by a 3×3 sensing array that,with the help of a convolutional neural network(CNN)machine learning model,accurately recognized handwritten numbers(0-9)with a 98.5%accuracy,showing its potential for user authentication and secure passcode entry.These findings underscore the potential of machine embroidery for developing scalable,integrated,and high-performance intelligent textile systems,paving the way for wearable technologies that are customizable,comfortable,and aesthetically appealing for a wide range of applications.
文摘A ballistic impact is a potential threat faced by military personnel in a battle-field,which includes fragmented munitions from explosive material.A wide array of material including woven structures,laminated structures and non-woven structures have been developed for protection against potential impacts.However,the kinetic energy of the bullet at the point of impact causes heat dissipation,which is an existing problem at hand when developing reinforcement material.Therefore,this research is focused on developing a conceptual model and design for a shape memory polymer reinforced knitted spacer structure,where the impact energy is to be absorbed by the polymeric yarn,when the thermal energy raises the temperature of the SMP above its glass transition temperature.A theoretical model has been developed to establish the fabric parameters of the structure to facilitate the purpose while,a comprehensive design methodology,including determining the SMPhas been introduced for the design of the ballistic protection structure.Additionally,a MATLAB simulation was conducted to model the relationship between thedissipated heat energy and the required fabric parameters.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51973116,U1832109,21935002,52003156)the Users with Excellence Program of Hefei Science Center CAS(2019HSC-UE003)+1 种基金the starting grant of ShanghaiTech UniversityState Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials。
文摘Silks have various advantages compared with synthetic polymer fibers,such as sustainability,mechanical properties,luster,as well as air and humidity permeability.However,the functionalization of silks has not yet been fully developed.Functionalization techniques that retain or even improve the sustainability of silk production are required.To this end,a low-cost,effective,and scalable strategy to produce TCSs by integrating yarn-spinning and continuous dip coating technique is developed herein.TCSs with extremely long length(>10 km),high mechanical performance(strength of 443.1 MPa,toughness of 56.0 MJ m−3,comparable with natural cocoon silk),and good interfacial bonding were developed.TCSs can be automatically woven into arbitrary fabrics,which feature super-hydrophobicity as well as rapid and programmable thermochromic responses with good cyclic performance:the response speed reached to one second and remained stable after hundreds of tests.Finally,applications of TCS fabrics in temperature management and dynamic textile displays are demonstrated,confirming their application potential in smart textiles,wearable devices,flexible displays,and human–machine interfaces.Moreover,combination of the fabrication and the demonstrated applications is expected to bridge the gap between lab research and industry and accelerate the commercialization of TCSs.
基金Project supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0200200 and 2017YFB0307001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51973093,U1533122,and 51773094)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China(Grant No.18JCZDJC36800).
文摘Smart textiles responding to the ambient environment like temperature,humidity,and light are highly desirable to improve the comfortability and realize multifunctions.The bamboo yarn has merits like air permeability,biodegradability,and excellent heat dissipation performance,but it has not been prepared for responsive materials and smart textiles.In this paper,the moisture-responsive twisted bamboo yarns were plied to form a self-balanced torsional actuator and wrapped around a mandrel to form a coil,followed by water immersion and evaporation to fix the shape and serve as a tensile actuator.A torsional actuation of 64.4°·mm^-1 was realized for the twisted actuator in 4.2 s;a maximum elongation of 133%or contraction of 50%was achieved for a coiled tensile actuator with good cyclability.The porous structure of bamboo yarns helped improve the water absorbance speed and decrease the response time of moisture.The self-balanced two-ply physical structure and reversible generation of chemical phase after soaking in aqueous solution fixed internal stress and provided good cyclability.With the unique properties including aqueous water-induced shape fixation and moisture-induced actuation,the application of tensile actuation of bamboo yarns was demonstrated,showing promising prospects on smart textiles.
基金Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(No.11372205)。
文摘In order to increase the application area of nanofibers,electrospun nanofiber yarns have drawn attention of many researchers around the globe.Once the production method of nanofiber yarn is mature enough to be universally accepted,many new gates of applications will open to the world.In this review,different electrospinning techniques of electrospun nanofiber yarns are divided into needle electrospinning and needleless electrospinning.Considering yarn twist as an important mechanism,needle electrospinning technique is further categorized into mechanical,electrical and field flow twisting methods.Moreover,parameters influencing the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofiber yarns are investigated.Methods of improving mechanical properties of nanofiber yarns are addressed,including hot-water-bath treatment,addition of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and introducing regulators.Finally,applications of electrospun nanofiber yarns in different fields of smart textile and bioengineering are summed-up.In summary,challenges encountered in the industrialization of nanofiber yarns and future prospects are anticipated.
