The problem of interval correlation results in interval extension is discussed by the relationship of interval-valued functions and real-valued functions. The methods of reducing interval extension are given. Based on...The problem of interval correlation results in interval extension is discussed by the relationship of interval-valued functions and real-valued functions. The methods of reducing interval extension are given. Based on the ideas of the paper, the formulas of sub-interval perturbed finite element method based on the elements are given. The sub-interval amount is discussed and the approximate computation formula is given. At the same time, the computational precision is discussed and some measures of improving computational efficiency are given. Finally, based on sub-interval perturbed finite element method and anti-slide stability analysis method, the formula for computing the bounds of stability factor is given. It provides a basis for estimating and evaluating reasonably anti-slide stability of structures.展开更多
【目的】青藏高原作为中国最大,世界海拔最高的高原,地表温度垂直递减率(Land Surface Temperature Lapse Rate,LTLR)的时空分布特征对气候变化、生态系统以及水文过程研究具有重要意义。已有研究无法准确表达复杂地形条件下的山区近地...【目的】青藏高原作为中国最大,世界海拔最高的高原,地表温度垂直递减率(Land Surface Temperature Lapse Rate,LTLR)的时空分布特征对气候变化、生态系统以及水文过程研究具有重要意义。已有研究无法准确表达复杂地形条件下的山区近地表气温直减率在时空分布与变化上的精细特征。因此本研究利用地表温度日变化模型估算出青藏高原逐小时地表温度,进而计算出逐小时月均LTLR,以获得青藏高原地区高时空分辨率的LTLR分布。【方法】本研究基于2022年中国西部逐日1 km全天候地表温度数据集TRIMS,利用地表温度日变化模型对青藏高原逐小时地表温度进行估算,进而采用滑动窗口法计算逐小时月均LTLR,分析了研究区LTLR在季节尺度上的时空分布与差异特征。弥补了青藏高原地区缺少高时空分辨率LTLR研究的现状。【结果】(1)4个季节平均LTLR分别为-6.12、-7.63、-5.89和-3.23℃/km,春夏季节整体高于秋冬季节,但横断山脉区域相反,冬季平均LTLR较夏季高出约0.57℃/km;(2)春夏季最大LTLR分别为-14.45℃/km、-13.92℃/km,相对于秋、冬季最大LTLR的-13.60℃/km、-11.61℃/km,更高,因高海拔和干旱晴朗天气影响,羌塘高原区不同季节的最大LTLR差异显著,其中冬季最大LTLR最小,为-13.67℃/km;(3)夏季最小LTLR最为大,高出其他季节约3.05℃/km,其中横断山脉四季最小LTLR均较大,其中春季最小LTLR为-1.16℃/km,比其他3个季节更高,最小的秋季最小LTLR为0.03℃/km,而羌塘高原区四季最小LTLR最小;(4)日变化曲线显示,春秋冬3个季节的LTLR在11:00—14:00最大,春季最小LTLR出现在20:00—23:00,秋季最小LTLR出现时间较春季提前了约1 h,而夏季一天中出现2次最大LTLR,分别在4:00—7:00和15:00—18:00,在21:00—23:00呈现出日最小LTLR特征。【结论】本研究对深入揭示青藏高原地表温度垂直递减率在季节尺度上的时空变化特征与相关影响机制有重要作用。展开更多
The calculation method of sliding ratios for conjugate-curve gear pair, generated based on the theory of conjugate curves,is proposed. The theoretical model of conjugate-curve gear drive is briefly introduced. The gen...The calculation method of sliding ratios for conjugate-curve gear pair, generated based on the theory of conjugate curves,is proposed. The theoretical model of conjugate-curve gear drive is briefly introduced. The general calculation formulas of sliding ratios are developed according to the conjugate curves. The applications to the circular arc gears based on conjugate curves and the novel involute-helix gears are studied. A comparison on the sliding coefficient with the conventional corresponding gear drive is also carried out. The influences of gear parameters such as spiral parameter, gear ratio and modulus on the sliding ratios of gear drive are discussed. Brief description of manufacturing method for conjugate-curve gear pair is given. The research results show that the sliding ratios of gear pair become smaller with the increase of spiral parameter and gear ratio, respectively. And it will be greater with the increase of modulus for the tooth profiles. The meshing characteristics of conjugate-curve gears are further reflected and the optimization design of tooth profiles with high performance may be obtained.展开更多
Weak structural surface is one of the key factors controlling the stability of slopes. The stability of rock slopes is in general concerned with set of discontinuities. However, in soft rocks, failure can occur along ...Weak structural surface is one of the key factors controlling the stability of slopes. The stability of rock slopes is in general concerned with set of discontinuities. However, in soft rocks, failure can occur along surfaces approaching to a circular failure surface. To better understand the position of potential sliding surface, a new method called simplex-finite stochastic tracking method is proposed. This method basically divides sliding surface into two parts： one is described by smooth curve obtained by random searching, the other one is po｜yline formed by the weak structural surface. Single or multiple sliding surfaces can be considered, and consequently several types of combined sliding surfaces can be simu- lated. The paper will adopt the arc-polyline to simulate potential sliding surface and analyze the searching process of sliding surface. Accordingly, software for slope stability analysis using this method was developed and applied in real cases. The results show that, using simplex-finite stochastic tracking method, it is possible to locate the position of a potential sliding surface in the slope.展开更多
Stabilizing pile is a kind of earth shoring structure frequently used in slope engineering. When the piles have cantilever segments above the ground,laggings are usually installed to avoid collapse of soil between pil...Stabilizing pile is a kind of earth shoring structure frequently used in slope engineering. When the piles have cantilever segments above the ground,laggings are usually installed to avoid collapse of soil between piles. Evaluating the earth pressure acting on laggings is of great importance in design process.Since laggings are usually less stiff than piles,the lateral pressure on lagging is much closer to active earth pressure. In order to estimate the lateral earth pressure on lagging more accurately,first,a model test of cantilever stabilizing pile and lagging systems was carried out. Then,basing the experimental results a three-dimensional sliding wedge model was established. Last,the calculation process of the total active force on lagging is presented based on the kinematic approach of limit analysis. A comparison is made between the total active force on lagging calculated by the formula presented in this study and the force on a same-size rigid retaining wall obtained from Rankine's theory. It is found that the proposed method fits well with the experimental results.Parametric studies show that the total active force on lagging increases with the growth of the lagging height and the lagging clear span; while decreases asthe soil internal friction angle and soil cohesion increase.展开更多
Submarine landslides can cause severe damage to marine engineering structures. Their sliding velocity and runout distance are two major parameters for quantifying and analyzing the risk of submarine landslides.Current...Submarine landslides can cause severe damage to marine engineering structures. Their sliding velocity and runout distance are two major parameters for quantifying and analyzing the risk of submarine landslides.Currently, commercial calculation programs such as BING have limitations in simulating underwater soil movements. All of these processes can be consistently simulated through a smoothed particle hydrodynamics（SPH） depth integrated model. The basis of the model is a control equation that was developed to take into account the effects of soil consolidation and erosion. In this work, the frictional rheological mode has been used to perform a simulation study of submarine landslides. Time-history curves of the sliding body＇s velocity, height,and length under various conditions of water depth, slope gradient, contact friction coefficient, and erosion rate are compared; the maximum sliding distance and velocity are calculated; and patterns of variation are discussed.The findings of this study can provide a reference for disaster warnings and pipeline route selection.展开更多
A 3D displacement discontinuity method is applied to solve the fracture mechanics problems of the mixed mode crack under compression.Friction between the surface of the closed crack is considered by establishing a sim...A 3D displacement discontinuity method is applied to solve the fracture mechanics problems of the mixed mode crack under compression.Friction between the surface of the closed crack is considered by establishing a simple and efficient iterative algorithm based on method of contact resistance mitigation.On the surfaces of the closed crack,the Mohr-coulomb rule is satisfied by iteration when the crack is in condition of sliding.The stress intensity factors are obtained using displacement fitting method.It is shown that the numerical results agree with the experimental results well and that friction plays an important role in resisting crack propagation.展开更多
文摘The problem of interval correlation results in interval extension is discussed by the relationship of interval-valued functions and real-valued functions. The methods of reducing interval extension are given. Based on the ideas of the paper, the formulas of sub-interval perturbed finite element method based on the elements are given. The sub-interval amount is discussed and the approximate computation formula is given. At the same time, the computational precision is discussed and some measures of improving computational efficiency are given. Finally, based on sub-interval perturbed finite element method and anti-slide stability analysis method, the formula for computing the bounds of stability factor is given. It provides a basis for estimating and evaluating reasonably anti-slide stability of structures.
文摘【目的】青藏高原作为中国最大,世界海拔最高的高原,地表温度垂直递减率(Land Surface Temperature Lapse Rate,LTLR)的时空分布特征对气候变化、生态系统以及水文过程研究具有重要意义。已有研究无法准确表达复杂地形条件下的山区近地表气温直减率在时空分布与变化上的精细特征。因此本研究利用地表温度日变化模型估算出青藏高原逐小时地表温度,进而计算出逐小时月均LTLR,以获得青藏高原地区高时空分辨率的LTLR分布。【方法】本研究基于2022年中国西部逐日1 km全天候地表温度数据集TRIMS,利用地表温度日变化模型对青藏高原逐小时地表温度进行估算,进而采用滑动窗口法计算逐小时月均LTLR,分析了研究区LTLR在季节尺度上的时空分布与差异特征。弥补了青藏高原地区缺少高时空分辨率LTLR研究的现状。【结果】(1)4个季节平均LTLR分别为-6.12、-7.63、-5.89和-3.23℃/km,春夏季节整体高于秋冬季节,但横断山脉区域相反,冬季平均LTLR较夏季高出约0.57℃/km;(2)春夏季最大LTLR分别为-14.45℃/km、-13.92℃/km,相对于秋、冬季最大LTLR的-13.60℃/km、-11.61℃/km,更高,因高海拔和干旱晴朗天气影响,羌塘高原区不同季节的最大LTLR差异显著,其中冬季最大LTLR最小,为-13.67℃/km;(3)夏季最小LTLR最为大,高出其他季节约3.05℃/km,其中横断山脉四季最小LTLR均较大,其中春季最小LTLR为-1.16℃/km,比其他3个季节更高,最小的秋季最小LTLR为0.03℃/km,而羌塘高原区四季最小LTLR最小;(4)日变化曲线显示,春秋冬3个季节的LTLR在11:00—14:00最大,春季最小LTLR出现在20:00—23:00,秋季最小LTLR出现时间较春季提前了约1 h,而夏季一天中出现2次最大LTLR,分别在4:00—7:00和15:00—18:00,在21:00—23:00呈现出日最小LTLR特征。【结论】本研究对深入揭示青藏高原地表温度垂直递减率在季节尺度上的时空变化特征与相关影响机制有重要作用。
基金Project(2013BAF01B04) supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan of ChinaProject(51205425) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The calculation method of sliding ratios for conjugate-curve gear pair, generated based on the theory of conjugate curves,is proposed. The theoretical model of conjugate-curve gear drive is briefly introduced. The general calculation formulas of sliding ratios are developed according to the conjugate curves. The applications to the circular arc gears based on conjugate curves and the novel involute-helix gears are studied. A comparison on the sliding coefficient with the conventional corresponding gear drive is also carried out. The influences of gear parameters such as spiral parameter, gear ratio and modulus on the sliding ratios of gear drive are discussed. Brief description of manufacturing method for conjugate-curve gear pair is given. The research results show that the sliding ratios of gear pair become smaller with the increase of spiral parameter and gear ratio, respectively. And it will be greater with the increase of modulus for the tooth profiles. The meshing characteristics of conjugate-curve gears are further reflected and the optimization design of tooth profiles with high performance may be obtained.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.50978007
文摘Weak structural surface is one of the key factors controlling the stability of slopes. The stability of rock slopes is in general concerned with set of discontinuities. However, in soft rocks, failure can occur along surfaces approaching to a circular failure surface. To better understand the position of potential sliding surface, a new method called simplex-finite stochastic tracking method is proposed. This method basically divides sliding surface into two parts： one is described by smooth curve obtained by random searching, the other one is po｜yline formed by the weak structural surface. Single or multiple sliding surfaces can be considered, and consequently several types of combined sliding surfaces can be simu- lated. The paper will adopt the arc-polyline to simulate potential sliding surface and analyze the searching process of sliding surface. Accordingly, software for slope stability analysis using this method was developed and applied in real cases. The results show that, using simplex-finite stochastic tracking method, it is possible to locate the position of a potential sliding surface in the slope.
基金financially supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant No. 2012BAJ22B06
文摘Stabilizing pile is a kind of earth shoring structure frequently used in slope engineering. When the piles have cantilever segments above the ground,laggings are usually installed to avoid collapse of soil between piles. Evaluating the earth pressure acting on laggings is of great importance in design process.Since laggings are usually less stiff than piles,the lateral pressure on lagging is much closer to active earth pressure. In order to estimate the lateral earth pressure on lagging more accurately,first,a model test of cantilever stabilizing pile and lagging systems was carried out. Then,basing the experimental results a three-dimensional sliding wedge model was established. Last,the calculation process of the total active force on lagging is presented based on the kinematic approach of limit analysis. A comparison is made between the total active force on lagging calculated by the formula presented in this study and the force on a same-size rigid retaining wall obtained from Rankine's theory. It is found that the proposed method fits well with the experimental results.Parametric studies show that the total active force on lagging increases with the growth of the lagging height and the lagging clear span; while decreases asthe soil internal friction angle and soil cohesion increase.
基金The Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under contract No.20120041130002the National Key Project of Science and Technology under contract No.2011ZX 05056-001-02the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under contract No.DUT14ZD220
文摘Submarine landslides can cause severe damage to marine engineering structures. Their sliding velocity and runout distance are two major parameters for quantifying and analyzing the risk of submarine landslides.Currently, commercial calculation programs such as BING have limitations in simulating underwater soil movements. All of these processes can be consistently simulated through a smoothed particle hydrodynamics（SPH） depth integrated model. The basis of the model is a control equation that was developed to take into account the effects of soil consolidation and erosion. In this work, the frictional rheological mode has been used to perform a simulation study of submarine landslides. Time-history curves of the sliding body＇s velocity, height,and length under various conditions of water depth, slope gradient, contact friction coefficient, and erosion rate are compared; the maximum sliding distance and velocity are calculated; and patterns of variation are discussed.The findings of this study can provide a reference for disaster warnings and pipeline route selection.
文摘A 3D displacement discontinuity method is applied to solve the fracture mechanics problems of the mixed mode crack under compression.Friction between the surface of the closed crack is considered by establishing a simple and efficient iterative algorithm based on method of contact resistance mitigation.On the surfaces of the closed crack,the Mohr-coulomb rule is satisfied by iteration when the crack is in condition of sliding.The stress intensity factors are obtained using displacement fitting method.It is shown that the numerical results agree with the experimental results well and that friction plays an important role in resisting crack propagation.
