目的本研究旨在评估HIrisPlex-S系统在法医DNA表型推断(forensic DNA phenotyping,FDP)中预测眼睛颜色、头发颜色和肤色的准确性。方法本研究共纳入49名无关个体作为研究对象。首先,基于所采集的面部照片及问卷信息,对其实际表型特征(...目的本研究旨在评估HIrisPlex-S系统在法医DNA表型推断(forensic DNA phenotyping,FDP)中预测眼睛颜色、头发颜色和肤色的准确性。方法本研究共纳入49名无关个体作为研究对象。首先,基于所采集的面部照片及问卷信息,对其实际表型特征(包括眼睛颜色、头发颜色和肤色)进行人工评估与分类。随后,采集研究对象的外周血样本并提取DNA,采用SNaPshot方法结合毛细管电泳技术对HIrisPlex-S系统进行基因分型。利用在线推断平台(https://HIrisPlex.erasmusmc.nl/)对获得的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP)位点进行分析,以预测上述表型特征。进一步采用两种不同方法解释基因型预测结果(方法1:直接选取概率值最高的表型特征作为预测表型;方法2:Manfred Kayser团队所提出的预测指南),结合人工判读的实际表型数据,分别计算预测的灵敏度和特异性,以比较两种解释方法在上述性能指标方面的差异。此外,本研究还纳入两例真实案例样本进行表型推断分析,以验证系统在实际应用中的有效性。结果研究对象中眼睛颜色为“棕色”的约占55%,“中间色”占比较少;头发颜色为“黑色”的约占45%;皮肤颜色为“白色”的约占39%。经对单碱基延伸(single base extension,SBE)引物浓度进行优化调整后,HIrisPlex-S系统中多数SNP位点的峰值更加均衡,但其在实验室间的重复性仍有待提高。在眼睛颜色的预测方面,方法1的灵敏度(0.8750、0.0000、1.0000)略高于方法2(0.8125、0.0000、0.9259),而方法1的特异性(0.8485、1.0000、0.8182)略低于方法2(0.9091、1.0000、0.9091)。在头发颜色预测中,两种方法的灵敏度一致(均为0.7727、0.6154、0.8571),方法2的特异性(1.0000、0.9444、0.7142)略优于方法1(1.0000、0.9167、0.7429)。在肤色预测方面,方法2的灵敏度(0.0000、0.7895、1.0000、0.3333、0.8750)和特异性(1.0000、0.9667、0.8333、0.9767、0.8780)均略高于方法1(灵敏度:0.0000、0.5789、0.9231、0.1667、0.7500;特异性:1.0000、0.9667、0.6944、0.9535、0.8780)。然而,总体来看,两种方法在表型预测的灵敏度与特异性方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。此外,两例真实案例样本的表型特征预测结果与遗传祖先分析一致。结论HIrisPlex-S系统可用于人群样本的眼睛和头发颜色预测,但其肤色预测的准确性有待提高。展开更多
The pervasive use of photo editing applications such as Photoshop and FaceTune has significantly altered societal beauty standards, particularly for individuals with skin of color, often leading to unrealistic expecta...The pervasive use of photo editing applications such as Photoshop and FaceTune has significantly altered societal beauty standards, particularly for individuals with skin of color, often leading to unrealistic expectations regarding skin appearance and health. These tools allow users to smooth skin textures, lighten skin tones, and erase imperfections, perpetuating Eurocentric beauty ideals that frequently marginalize the natural diversity of skin tones and textures. Consequently, individuals with skin of color may seek dermatological interventions—such as skin lightening treatments, aggressive acne scar revisions, and other cosmetic procedures—aimed at achieving appearances that align more closely with digitally manipulated images. This pursuit of an unattainable aesthetic can result in increased dissatisfaction with common skin conditions like hyperpigmentation and keloids, which are often misrepresented in edited photos. Additionally, the psychological impact of these alterations can exacerbate feelings of inadequacy, contributing to conditions such as anxiety and body dysmorphic disorder. Dermatologists face the dual challenge of addressing patients’ clinical needs while also managing their expectations shaped by digital enhancements. To combat this, it is essential for dermatologists to integrate patient education that emphasizes the beauty of diverse skin tones and the discrepancies between digital images and authentic skin health. By fostering an understanding of realistic outcomes and promoting the acceptance of natural skin characteristics, dermatologists can empower individuals with skin of color to prioritize authentic skin health over digitally influenced ideals, ultimately leading to more satisfying dermatological care and improved self-image.展开更多
对引入湖南省浏阳的3个红梨品种美人酥、红酥脆与满天红进行了生长结果习性、适应性以及果实品质的观察比较。结果表明,3个红梨品种在浏阳地区均能正常完成年生长周期,美人酥与满天红生长旺,坐果稳,盛果期树666.7 m 2产量1400 kg,红酥...对引入湖南省浏阳的3个红梨品种美人酥、红酥脆与满天红进行了生长结果习性、适应性以及果实品质的观察比较。结果表明,3个红梨品种在浏阳地区均能正常完成年生长周期,美人酥与满天红生长旺,坐果稳,盛果期树666.7 m 2产量1400 kg,红酥脆长势稍弱,产量1200 kg。3个红梨品种着色均不稳定,果皮锈斑较严重,对着色影响大,以满天红着色相对较好,美人酥次之,红酥脆较差。3个红梨品种均在9月中旬前后成熟,单果重300 g以上,肉质细,石细胞少。可溶性固形物含量13.0%~13.8%,可溶性糖含量9.05%~9.36%,均以美人酥含量最高,其次为满天红、红酥脆。总酸含量1.13~1.42 g/kg,以满天红最高,美人酥与红酥脆相近。综合分析认为,3个品种均不适宜在湖南地区大面积发展。展开更多
旨在筛选对黑色素生成起调节作用的小RNA,并探究其对山羊肤色及毛色的调控机制。本研究采集了健康酉州乌羊(Youzhou dark goat, YZDG)、川东白山羊(Chuandong white goat, CDWG)100日龄胎羊皮肤样本(n=3),和健康2~3周岁大足黑山羊(Dazu ...旨在筛选对黑色素生成起调节作用的小RNA,并探究其对山羊肤色及毛色的调控机制。本研究采集了健康酉州乌羊(Youzhou dark goat, YZDG)、川东白山羊(Chuandong white goat, CDWG)100日龄胎羊皮肤样本(n=3),和健康2~3周岁大足黑山羊(Dazu black goat, DBG)、内蒙古绒山羊(Inner Mongolia cashmere goat, IMCG)个体皮肤样本(n=3),利用组织切片染色技术观察皮肤中黑色素沉积情况;通过小RNA测序技术筛选差异miRNAs;培养B16-F10皮肤黑色素瘤细胞,利用细胞转染、qPCR、Western Blot、黑色素含量检测等技术验证miR-129-5p对黑色素生成的影响。结果显示,黑色素颗粒明显在YZDG胎羊皮肤和DBG毛囊的毛球、毛干、外根鞘等部位沉积,而在CDWG胎羊皮肤和IMCG表皮、毛囊中没有被观察到。经测序分析,在肤色差异的YZDG和CDWG中筛选到62个差异表达miRNAs,其中31个在乌皮山羊中上调,31个下调。在毛色差异的DBG和IMCG中,筛选到38个差异表达miRNAs,其中10个在黑色被毛山羊中表达上调,28个表达下调。两组测序结果均显示miR-129-5p在乌皮和黑色被毛山羊皮肤中高表达(P<0.05)。在细胞中过表达miR-129-5p后,相比于对照组,mimics组细胞黑色素沉积量提高了18.9%(P<0.05),TYR、TYRP1基因表达量分别上调57.3%和16.5%(P<0.05),蛋白表达量分别显著上调49.2%和40.2%(P<0.05);但MITF基因及其蛋白表达量无显著变化(P>0.05)。在抑制miR-129-5p后,inhibitor组TYR基因mRNA表达下调38.9%、蛋白表达水平下调21.1%(P<0.05);TYRP1、MITF蛋白表达水平分别下调25.3%及28.4%(P<0.05)。本研究发现,miR-129-5p在不同肤色及毛色的山羊皮肤中差异表达,且可通过调控TYR、TYRP1等关键基因的表达影响黑色素的生成,是山羊肤色和毛色形成过程的重要调节因子。展开更多
文摘目的本研究旨在评估HIrisPlex-S系统在法医DNA表型推断(forensic DNA phenotyping,FDP)中预测眼睛颜色、头发颜色和肤色的准确性。方法本研究共纳入49名无关个体作为研究对象。首先,基于所采集的面部照片及问卷信息,对其实际表型特征(包括眼睛颜色、头发颜色和肤色)进行人工评估与分类。随后,采集研究对象的外周血样本并提取DNA,采用SNaPshot方法结合毛细管电泳技术对HIrisPlex-S系统进行基因分型。利用在线推断平台(https://HIrisPlex.erasmusmc.nl/)对获得的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP)位点进行分析,以预测上述表型特征。进一步采用两种不同方法解释基因型预测结果(方法1:直接选取概率值最高的表型特征作为预测表型;方法2:Manfred Kayser团队所提出的预测指南),结合人工判读的实际表型数据,分别计算预测的灵敏度和特异性,以比较两种解释方法在上述性能指标方面的差异。此外,本研究还纳入两例真实案例样本进行表型推断分析,以验证系统在实际应用中的有效性。结果研究对象中眼睛颜色为“棕色”的约占55%,“中间色”占比较少;头发颜色为“黑色”的约占45%;皮肤颜色为“白色”的约占39%。经对单碱基延伸(single base extension,SBE)引物浓度进行优化调整后,HIrisPlex-S系统中多数SNP位点的峰值更加均衡,但其在实验室间的重复性仍有待提高。在眼睛颜色的预测方面,方法1的灵敏度(0.8750、0.0000、1.0000)略高于方法2(0.8125、0.0000、0.9259),而方法1的特异性(0.8485、1.0000、0.8182)略低于方法2(0.9091、1.0000、0.9091)。在头发颜色预测中,两种方法的灵敏度一致(均为0.7727、0.6154、0.8571),方法2的特异性(1.0000、0.9444、0.7142)略优于方法1(1.0000、0.9167、0.7429)。在肤色预测方面,方法2的灵敏度(0.0000、0.7895、1.0000、0.3333、0.8750)和特异性(1.0000、0.9667、0.8333、0.9767、0.8780)均略高于方法1(灵敏度:0.0000、0.5789、0.9231、0.1667、0.7500;特异性:1.0000、0.9667、0.6944、0.9535、0.8780)。然而,总体来看,两种方法在表型预测的灵敏度与特异性方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。此外,两例真实案例样本的表型特征预测结果与遗传祖先分析一致。结论HIrisPlex-S系统可用于人群样本的眼睛和头发颜色预测,但其肤色预测的准确性有待提高。
文摘The pervasive use of photo editing applications such as Photoshop and FaceTune has significantly altered societal beauty standards, particularly for individuals with skin of color, often leading to unrealistic expectations regarding skin appearance and health. These tools allow users to smooth skin textures, lighten skin tones, and erase imperfections, perpetuating Eurocentric beauty ideals that frequently marginalize the natural diversity of skin tones and textures. Consequently, individuals with skin of color may seek dermatological interventions—such as skin lightening treatments, aggressive acne scar revisions, and other cosmetic procedures—aimed at achieving appearances that align more closely with digitally manipulated images. This pursuit of an unattainable aesthetic can result in increased dissatisfaction with common skin conditions like hyperpigmentation and keloids, which are often misrepresented in edited photos. Additionally, the psychological impact of these alterations can exacerbate feelings of inadequacy, contributing to conditions such as anxiety and body dysmorphic disorder. Dermatologists face the dual challenge of addressing patients’ clinical needs while also managing their expectations shaped by digital enhancements. To combat this, it is essential for dermatologists to integrate patient education that emphasizes the beauty of diverse skin tones and the discrepancies between digital images and authentic skin health. By fostering an understanding of realistic outcomes and promoting the acceptance of natural skin characteristics, dermatologists can empower individuals with skin of color to prioritize authentic skin health over digitally influenced ideals, ultimately leading to more satisfying dermatological care and improved self-image.
文摘旨在筛选对黑色素生成起调节作用的小RNA,并探究其对山羊肤色及毛色的调控机制。本研究采集了健康酉州乌羊(Youzhou dark goat, YZDG)、川东白山羊(Chuandong white goat, CDWG)100日龄胎羊皮肤样本(n=3),和健康2~3周岁大足黑山羊(Dazu black goat, DBG)、内蒙古绒山羊(Inner Mongolia cashmere goat, IMCG)个体皮肤样本(n=3),利用组织切片染色技术观察皮肤中黑色素沉积情况;通过小RNA测序技术筛选差异miRNAs;培养B16-F10皮肤黑色素瘤细胞,利用细胞转染、qPCR、Western Blot、黑色素含量检测等技术验证miR-129-5p对黑色素生成的影响。结果显示,黑色素颗粒明显在YZDG胎羊皮肤和DBG毛囊的毛球、毛干、外根鞘等部位沉积,而在CDWG胎羊皮肤和IMCG表皮、毛囊中没有被观察到。经测序分析,在肤色差异的YZDG和CDWG中筛选到62个差异表达miRNAs,其中31个在乌皮山羊中上调,31个下调。在毛色差异的DBG和IMCG中,筛选到38个差异表达miRNAs,其中10个在黑色被毛山羊中表达上调,28个表达下调。两组测序结果均显示miR-129-5p在乌皮和黑色被毛山羊皮肤中高表达(P<0.05)。在细胞中过表达miR-129-5p后,相比于对照组,mimics组细胞黑色素沉积量提高了18.9%(P<0.05),TYR、TYRP1基因表达量分别上调57.3%和16.5%(P<0.05),蛋白表达量分别显著上调49.2%和40.2%(P<0.05);但MITF基因及其蛋白表达量无显著变化(P>0.05)。在抑制miR-129-5p后,inhibitor组TYR基因mRNA表达下调38.9%、蛋白表达水平下调21.1%(P<0.05);TYRP1、MITF蛋白表达水平分别下调25.3%及28.4%(P<0.05)。本研究发现,miR-129-5p在不同肤色及毛色的山羊皮肤中差异表达,且可通过调控TYR、TYRP1等关键基因的表达影响黑色素的生成,是山羊肤色和毛色形成过程的重要调节因子。
