<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to evaluate the policy of TST testing in Suriname. As there is no gold standard to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), the tuberculin skin test (TST) is used to diagnose LTBI. However, internationally, the cut-off values of the TST are not uniform and depend on local tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology and guidelines for test initiation. In Suriname, where currently several indications exist for TSTs, cut-off values are set at 5 mm or 10 mm, depending on the age and/or medical history of the patient. LTBI classification is performed by pulmonologists primarily based on the American Thoracic Society targeted TB testing guidelines. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">retrospective analysis of outpatient TST data between 2011 and 2019 from Suriname’s sole pulmonary medicine clinic. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Result:</span></b><span></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1373 patients were evaluated. 590 patients were from the screening group of whom 253 had a positive TST result, 46 of whom were classified as LTBI. In the contact tracing group of 649 patients, 616 had a positive TST, 352 of whom were classified as LTBI. In the medical condition group of 134 patients, 96 had a positive TST, 38 of whom were classified as LTBI. Eventually, positive TST results were found for 965 tested patients: 436 patients were classified as LTBI and 529 non-LTBI patients were not prescribed chemoprophylaxis. None of the non-LTBI TST-positive patients were diagnosed with active TB, including 174 patients with a TST result of 15 mm or greater and in need of IPT, but not prescribed by jud</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ement</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the pulmonologist or because of loss to follow-up. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the overrepresentation of positive TST results in Suriname is attributable to stringent cut-off values, especially among patients who do not disclose TB risk factors. In our opinion the TST cut-off value for such patients in Suriname and other similar settings could be set at 15 mm. We also promote that for all patients with a TST result of 15 mm or greater, offering IPT should be considered (after excluding active TB).</span></span></span>展开更多
In the event of the ever-increasing growth of the beauty industry and the burgeoning market for facial masks,high-performance and high-safety mask products have emerged.Among these,light-cured collagen peptide-based h...In the event of the ever-increasing growth of the beauty industry and the burgeoning market for facial masks,high-performance and high-safety mask products have emerged.Among these,light-cured collagen peptide-based hydrogels,which are non-toxic,photocurable natural materials,exhibit significant potential for use in facial masks.We developed a novel collagen peptide-lithium chloride hydrogel-based facial mask.Light-cured collagen peptide hydrogel is a non-toxic,light-activated natural material that holds considerable promise for application in facial masks.Nonetheless,there is a significant lack of effective methodologies for real-time assessment of skin quality currently available in the market.To address this deficiency,we have developed an innovative collagen peptide-lithium chloride hydrogel mask,which is characterized by exceptional transparency(98%within the visible spectrum of 400-800 nm),commendable tensile properties(tensile strength of 428.6±2.1 kPa,with a tensile strength increase of 123.9%),substantial water retention capacity(61%),and favorable antimicrobial efficacy(89%).The incorporation of lithium chloride enhances ionic conduction at the interface between the human body and hydrogel,thereby enabling quantitative evaluation of skin quality through impedance analysis.Our collagen peptide-lithium chloride hydrogel facial mask demonstrated effectiveness in distinguishing various skin types,including D+(severely dry),D(mildly to moderately dry),N(moderate),O(mildly to moderately oily),and O+(severely oily).This study presents significant opportunities for the advancement of hydrogel masks and provides a new application platform for polymer hydrogels.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate whether skin tests are suitable to predict the allergy reactions induced by Chinese herbal injections(CHIs).Methods:The skin tests including skin prick tests(SPT),intradermal tests(IDT)and provoc...Objective:To evaluate whether skin tests are suitable to predict the allergy reactions induced by Chinese herbal injections(CHIs).Methods:The skin tests including skin prick tests(SPT),intradermal tests(IDT)and provocation tests including subcutaneous tests and intravenous tests were administered to 249 healthy subjects and 180 allergic patients for 3 CHIs,including ginkgolide injection,diterpene ginkgolide meglumine injection and Salvianolate lyophilized injection.The results of the provocation tests were used as the"gold standard"to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the skin tests.Results:The results did not show any significant differences between the healthy and allergy groups in both skin tests and provocation tests(P>0.05).The specificities of SPT and IDT were 0.976 and 0.797,respectively,and the sensitivities of both SPT and IDT were 0.Conclusion:Skin tests are insufficient to predict the likelihood of allergic reactions resulting from CHIs.(ChiCTR-CPC-15006921)展开更多
Objective:The current study analyzed the chemoprophylactic effect of isoniazide on close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis and positive tuberculin skin tests(TSTs).Methods:A total of 1206 close contacts of...Objective:The current study analyzed the chemoprophylactic effect of isoniazide on close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis and positive tuberculin skin tests(TSTs).Methods:A total of 1206 close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis and strongly-pos-itive TSTs were enrolled.The patients had chest X-ray examinations.Patients without tuberculosis and other diseases were divided into the following groups:90 patients in the prophylaxis group,who were given 300 mg of isoniazid qd(3-5 mg/kg for children)over a 10-month treatment course;and 89 patients in the control group without drug therapy.Both groups were followed for 10 years.Results:(1)There were 568 patients with negative results and 638 with positive results,includ-ing 445 with ordinarily-and moderately-positive results,and 193 with strongly-positive results(a positive rate of 52.9%[638/1206]and a strongly-positive rate of 16.0%[193/1206]).Fourteen tuber-culosis patients were identified(tuberculosis detection rate of 1.1%).(2)During the 3-year period of follow-up,there were 4 patients in the prophylaxis group and 12 patients in the control group who acquired tuberculosis(a morbidity rate of 4.7%[4/84]and 13.4%[12/89],respectively),and the dif-ference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=3.916,P=0.048).Six patients in the prophylaxis group,all of whom were children,discontinued medication use during the course of treatment due to adverse drug reactions,for an adverse drug reaction occurrence rate of 6.6%(6/90),a medication completion rate of 93.3%(84/90),and a 3-year protection ratio of 64.6%.(3)During the 4-6 year period,there were two patients in the prophylaxis group and three patients in the control group who acquired tubercu-losis(a morbidity rate of 2.5%[2/78]and 4.1%[3/73],respectively),two in the prophylaxis group and four in the control group who were lost to follow-up(a loss to follow-up rate of 2.5%[2/80]and 5.1%[4/77],respectively),and the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.006,P=0.940;χ^(2)=0.215,P=0.643).(4)During the 7-10 year study,there was one patient in the prophylaxis group and two patients in the control group who acquired tuberculosis(a morbidity rate of 1.3%[1/72]and 3.1%[2/64],respectively),and four in the prophylaxis group and six in the control group who were lost to follow-up(a loss to follow-up rate of 5.2%[4/76]and 8.5%[6/70],respectively),and the dif-ference was not statistically different(χ^(2)=0.011,P=0.918;χ^(2)=0.176,P=0.675).(5)Within 10 years,there were 7 patients in the prophylaxis group and 17 patients in the control group who acquired tu-berculosis(a morbidity rate of 8.3%[7/84]and 21.5%[17/79],respectively;χ^(2)=4.770,P=0.029),and 6 in the prophylaxis group and 10 in the control group were lost to follow-up(the loss to follow-up rate was 7.1%[6/84]and 11.2%[10/89],respectively;χ^(2)=0.863,P=0.353).Conclusion:Close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis are at high-risk for acquir-ing tuberculosis.It is safe and effective for patients with strongly-positive TST results to undergo isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for 10 months.展开更多
Dear Editor,The tuberculin skin test(TST)reagents have continuously improved,with the ESAT6-CFP10(EC)test having recently been introduced,but are seldom based on the direction of the delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH)...Dear Editor,The tuberculin skin test(TST)reagents have continuously improved,with the ESAT6-CFP10(EC)test having recently been introduced,but are seldom based on the direction of the delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH)mechanism.Previous studies only partially showed the infiltration and activation of immune cells and the production of cytokines of the skin induration[1,2],and lack the detailed measurements of cell proportions and gene expression in the DTH response.Therefore,in this study,we revealed the comprehensive characteristics of DTH by single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in the guinea pig tuberculosis(TB)model[Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee,Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute(2021-064)].展开更多
The paper investigates the foaming and mildness properties of trehalolipids surfactant in rinse-off formulations,comparing it with the traditional nonionic surfactant alkyl-polyglycolide(APG).Both single surfactant an...The paper investigates the foaming and mildness properties of trehalolipids surfactant in rinse-off formulations,comparing it with the traditional nonionic surfactant alkyl-polyglycolide(APG).Both single surfactant and their surfactant complexes are evaluated.And the results show that trehalolipids have significant advantages in reducing surface tension,improving foam performance,and enhancing mildness.For mildness evaluation,multiple methods are employed in the study,including in vitro cell toxicity,inflammatory markers,colorimetric index of mildness CIM,and in vivo method of human skin patch test.The results show that the addition of trehalolipids increases IC50 and reduces the release of inflammatory markers of the binary surfactant system.However,the incorporation of trehalolipids has some negative effects on the skin’s lipid barrier function.Skin patch test results indicate that the addition of trehalolipids improves the mildness of surfactant system,particularly in sulfate-free system.Overall,trehalolipids,as nonionic surfactants,presents great potential to replace traditional surfactants in rinse off formulations with enhanced mildness and foam performance.展开更多
AIM： To correlate the clinical features of treated and untreated patients with irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） to the results of skin prick test （SPT） for food and inhalant allergens. METHODS： We recruited 105 su...AIM： To correlate the clinical features of treated and untreated patients with irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） to the results of skin prick test （SPT） for food and inhalant allergens. METHODS： We recruited 105 subjects to form three different target groups： treated group （n=44） undergoing treatment for IBS, untreated group （n =31） meeting the Rome Ⅱ criteria without treatment for IBS, control group （n = 30） with no IBS symptoms. RESULTS： SPT results were different among the three groups in which SPT was positive in 17 （38.6%） treated patients, in 5 （16.1%） untreated patients and in 1 （3.3%） control （P〈0.01）. The number of positive SPTs was greater in the IBS group than in the control group （P〈 0.001）. The number of positive food SPTs was higher in the treated IBS group than in the untreated IBS group （P= 0.03）. CONCLUSION： Positive food SPT is higher in IBS patients than in controls.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the performance of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccinated young children.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy children...Objective:To evaluate the performance of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccinated young children.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy children younger than 5 years who were recently diagnosed with tuberculosis or had recent exposure to active tuberculosis.QuantiFERON-TB Gold,T-SPOT.TB and tuberculin skin test were performed in each patient.Results:Of the 60 children,median age 3.3 years,17 had tuberculosis and 43 had recent tuberculosis exposure.Overall,15(25.0%)children had tuberculin skin test reaction≥10 mm;8(13.3%)were positive by QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test,and 12(20.0%)by T-SPOT.TB.Nineteen(31.7%)children had at least one positive test.There was a moderate agreement between interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test.Conclusions:The positive rates of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test were low in young children who were infected with tuberculosis,supporting the management strategy of not testing children younger than 5 years.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., commonly known as Phlai in Thai, has been used as a traditional medicine in Thailand for the treatment of various diseases, including inflammation and chronic airway disease. OB...BACKGROUND： Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., commonly known as Phlai in Thai, has been used as a traditional medicine in Thailand for the treatment of various diseases, including inflammation and chronic airway disease. OBJECTIVE： The purpose of this study was to assess the antihistaminic effect of Phlai on skin testing DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION： This was a randomized, open-label, three- way crossover study. Twenty allergic rhinitis （AR） patients were enrolled. In randomized sequence, patients received a single dose of Ph/ai capsules （100 or 200 mg） or Ioratadine （10 mg） with a washout period of 1 week between each treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Skin prick testing for histamine and common aeroallergen （house dust mite） were performed before treatment and after 1,2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours of treatment. The main treatment outcomes were the mean wheal and flare responses to the skin prick test after treatment. RESULTS： Both 100 mg and 200 mg Phlai doses suppressed wheal and flare responses to house dust mite allergen, but only 200 mg of Phlai capsules significantly suppressed wheal and flare responses to histamine. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that Ioratadine caused more wheal and flare suppression than Phial capsules in responses to the histamine skin prick test. However, there were no significant differences among the effects of 100 mg Phlai capsules, 200 mg Phlai capsules and Ioratadine in suppression of wheal and flare induced by the mite skin prick test. Both doses of Phlai were well-tolerated with no adverse events.CONCLUSION： Both 100 mg （compound D 4 mg） when taken as a single therapeutic dose, inhibited AR patients. and 200 mg （compound D 8 mg） Phlai capsules, skin reactivity to histamine and mite skin prick tests in TRIAL REGISTRATION： Thai clinical trial registry （TCTR20160510001）展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the performance of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in HIV-infected children and adolescents with immune reconstitution.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in HI...Objective:To evaluate the performance of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in HIV-infected children and adolescents with immune reconstitution.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in HIV-infected patients aged 5-18 years receiving antiretroviral treatment with CD4 T-lymphocytes>25%or>500 cells/mm3 for at least 6 months.QuantiF ERON-TB Gold,T-SPOT.TB,and tuberculin skin test were performed in each patient.Results:A total of 50 patients were enrolled with median age of 13.7 years,CD4 counts of 753(IQR:587-989)cells/mm3.Among 27 patients with tuberculosis(16)or tuberculosis exposure(11),8(29.6%)were positive to at least one test,2(7.4%)were positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold,3(11.1%)positive T-SPOT.TB,and 7(25.9%)had tuberculin skin test≥5 mm.Among 23 patients without history of tuberculosis or exposure,all had negative interferon gamma release assays,while 2(8.7%)had positive tuberculin skin test.Conclusions:All tests had low sensitivity despite immune reconstitution.展开更多
Summary: In order to study the relationship between serum specific IgE (sIgE) and allergen skin test, allergen skin tests and detections of sIgE in 220 allergic patients of Wuhan area were analyzed. The coherent rate ...Summary: In order to study the relationship between serum specific IgE (sIgE) and allergen skin test, allergen skin tests and detections of sIgE in 220 allergic patients of Wuhan area were analyzed. The coherent rate of the two methods was beyond 70 % (P<0.01). It was concluded that the in vitro and in vivo detection methods of allergens have a high coherence and can be used as the effective ways to diagnose the allergic diseases in clinical practice.展开更多
AIM:To compare the response to skin prick tests (SPTs) to food antigens (FAs) and inhalant allergens (IAs) in patients with two subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls. METHODS:We compared the ...AIM:To compare the response to skin prick tests (SPTs) to food antigens (FAs) and inhalant allergens (IAs) in patients with two subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls. METHODS:We compared the results of SPTs for IAs and FAs in 87 volunteers divided into three groups:diarrhea predominant IBS (D-IBS) GroupⅠ(n = 19), constipation predominant IBS (C-IBS) Group Ⅱ (n = 17), and normal controls Group Ⅲ (n = 51). RESULTS:Of the 285 tests (171 for FAs and 114 for IAs) performed in GroupⅠwe obtained 45 (26.3%) positive responses for FA and 23 (20.1%) for IA. Of the 153 tests for FA in Group Ⅱ, we obtained 66 (20.1%) positive responses, and of the 102 tests for IA, we obtained 20 (19.6%) positive responses. Of the 459 tests for FA performed in Group Ⅲ, we obtained 39 (84%) positive responses, and of the 306 for IA, we obtained 52 (16.9%) positive responses. The numbers of positive responses were not significantly different between the three groups, but in the D-IBS group, the number of SPTFA responses differed significantly from those for the other two groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION:Despite the small number of cases studied, the higher reactivity to FAs in GroupⅠcompared to Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ adds new information, and suggests the presence of a possible alteration in intestinal epithelial function.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the significance of several Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen extracts for skin prick test(SPT) in patients allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.Methods Two hundred and nineteen patie...Objective To evaluate the significance of several Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen extracts for skin prick test(SPT) in patients allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.Methods Two hundred and nineteen patients enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital underwent SPT and serum specific IgE assay to detect the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen.Three kinds of house dust mite allergen extracts were used for SPT,including the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract prepared by our laboratory(group A),standardized Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract(group B),and mixed extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae(group C).Human serum specific IgE result was regarded as the reference standard for diagnosis of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergy.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of SPT with the extracts of three groups.Results SPT results showed that the median wheal diameter of group A,group B,and group C was 0.43,0.35,and 0.28 cm,respectively,with significant difference among three groups(P<0.05).The difference was significant between group A and B(P<0.01) as well as group A and C(P<0.01),but not between group B and C(P>0.05).There was no local urticaria or systemic allergic reactions following the procedure of SPT.Local reaction was observed in 5 patients and delayed reaction was in 2 patients of group A.As for group B and C,local reaction occurred in 3 cases and delayed reaction in 2 cases in each group.The area under ROC curve of SPT with extract in group A,group B,and group C was 0.765,0.801,and 0.782,respectively.Based on the detection results of serum specific IgE,the sensitivity of SPT in diagnosis of Dermato-phagoides pteronyssinus allergy with extract of group A,group B,and group C was 92.4%,87.0%,and 81.5%,and the specificity was 60.6%,73.2%,and 74.8%,respectively.Conclusion The Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract for SPT prepared by our laboratory offers good sensitivity and specificity comparable to commercially available allergen extracts,and it may be an appropriate candidate for clinical screening and diagnosis of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergy.展开更多
Objective: To compare Quanti-FERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test and tuberculin skin test (TST) for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 64 participants ...Objective: To compare Quanti-FERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test and tuberculin skin test (TST) for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 64 participants who were between 3 months and 14 years old and had close contact with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included. Both QFT-GIT test and TST were done and the results were analyzed by SPSS software and Kappa test. Results: The distribution of gender and age according to QFT-GIT and TST results were matched (P>0.05). Overall agreement between QFT-GIT and TST for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children was 75%. In addition, the contingency coefficient was 0.257, and the Kappa measure of agreement was 0.246 (P=0.034). Conclusions: Compared to TST, QFT-GIT shows no apparent advantage for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children.展开更多
This study investigated the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) distraction, compared to comic book distraction and no distraction, in reducing pain and anxiety during a medical procedure in a pediatric population: ...This study investigated the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) distraction, compared to comic book distraction and no distraction, in reducing pain and anxiety during a medical procedure in a pediatric population: the skin prick test. Although this test has many advantages and is considered to be minimally invasive, it causes anxiety and painful discomfort in children. Ninety-two children aged 7 to 17 years consulting for an allergic test received VR distraction, comic book distraction, or no distraction. Outcome measures included pain score, level of anxiety, and VR measures. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the three groups regarding sex, age, and preprocedural anxiety level. In the distraction groups (VR and comic book), children reported significantly lower pain and procedural anxiety scores than children with no distraction;VR distraction had a more significant effect than comic book distraction. A decrease in anxiety before and during the skin prick test is significantly more significant in VR distraction. This study suggested the effectiveness and feasibility of VR to reduce pain and anxiety during the pediatric skin prick test.展开更多
Objective:There are limited data on the use of the creation tuberculin skin test(C-TST)for detecting tuberculosis(TB)infection(TBI)in individuals under 18 years of age.We conducted a study to assess the diagnostic acc...Objective:There are limited data on the use of the creation tuberculin skin test(C-TST)for detecting tuberculosis(TB)infection(TBI)in individuals under 18 years of age.We conducted a study to assess the diagnostic accuracy of C-TST in this population.Methods:A double-blind,randomized controlled trial was conducted across 4 tertiary hospitals in China to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the C-TST in detecting TBI in individuals under 18 years of age.Participants with suspected pulmonary TB,extrapulmonary TB,or non-TB pulmonary disease were enrolled.The primary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of the C-TST.Secondary outcomes included the consistency among C-TST,the traditional tuberculin skin test(TST),and T-SPOT.TB assays in different subgroups,as well as the safety of C-TST.Each participant underwent all 3 tests simultaneously:T-SPOT.TB assay,TST,and C-TST.Results:C-TST showed a sensitivity of 83.0%(95%CI,68.7%-91.9%),while TST and T-SPOT.TB demonstrated sensitivities of 80.9%(95%CI,66.3%-90.4%)and 76.6%(95%CI,61.6%-87.2%),respectively.The specificities of C-TST,TST,and T-SPOT.TB were 100%(95%CI,91.9%-100%),98.0%(95%CI,87.8%-99.9%),and 100%(95%CI,90.9%-100%),respectively.The consistency between C-TST and T-SPOT.TB was high(kappa=0.847).No serious adverse events(AEs)were reported.展开更多
in order to elucidate the relationship between secretory otitis media (SOM) and allergy,the tympanogram and allergic skin test with house dust, mite, and Japanese cedar pollen allergen were made in 2702 pupils in Shir...in order to elucidate the relationship between secretory otitis media (SOM) and allergy,the tympanogram and allergic skin test with house dust, mite, and Japanese cedar pollen allergen were made in 2702 pupils in Shiraoi, Hokkaido, Japan. The correlation between the tympanogram type and the results of allergic skin was analyzed. This study suggests that there is no positive relationship between SOM and allergy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults(LADA)is a special type of type 1 diabetes mellitus.During the early stages,patients with LADA are treated with oral antidiabetics.However,insulin treatment is still requ...BACKGROUND Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults(LADA)is a special type of type 1 diabetes mellitus.During the early stages,patients with LADA are treated with oral antidiabetics.However,insulin treatment is still required as islet function gradually declines.Once patients have developed insulin allergy,clinical treatment and nursing care become very challenging.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of LADA with insulin-related lipodystrophy,allergy,and exogenous insulin autoimmune syndrome during insulin treatment,thus making it very difficult to effectively control glucose levels with insulin.We attempted subcutaneous injection and an insulin pump to desensitize the patient’s response to insulin,and finally assisted the doctor to select the appropriate insulin treatment for the patient.We describe the management of this patient from a nursing viewpoint.CONCLUSION We summarize the nursing experience of a case with complex insulin allergy requiring desensitization treatment.Our approach is very practical and can be applied to similar patients needing insulin desensitization.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction: </span></b><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction: </span></b><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is based on secular ways: chest radiography and tuberculin skin test (TST). In front of a recent enthusiasm for LTBI, this paper reports a historical perspective of this concept. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bibliometric analysis and literature review from medi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cal databases, using the terms “latent tuberculosis infection (“LTBI”), “prim</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ary tuberculosis”, “tuberculin skin test”, “tuberculosis”, and from reference books on tuberculosis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the PubMED/MEDLINE search for LTBI, a total of 7787 articles were found between 1901 and 2020, 95% </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">from 2000 to 2020. In the first part of the 20</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> century, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">LTBI term was used for sub-clinical tu</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">berculosis disease, the latency being also called “</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">primary tuberculosis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">” or <i>“</i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ab</span></i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ortive tuberculosis infection</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span></i>. <span style="font-family:Verdana;">From 1960, randomized prospective therapeutic studies mentioned </span></span><span><i></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. By the end of the 20</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> century,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the epidemic of AIDS impeded tuberculosis decrease, making LTBI </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">search more efficient. In 2000, the <i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">American Thoracic Society</span></i></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the <i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Center</span></i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">for Disease Controls and Prevention</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><i><span> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">proposed the systematic used of LTBI, rel</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ayed through public health policies. A significant higher scientific produc</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tion about LT</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">BI was noted, supported by IGRA tests comm</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ercialization. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the recent years, health public policies, combined with epidemiologic and economic factors, strengthened the use of LTBI terminology.</span></span>展开更多
Objective:Health-care workers(HCWs)are known to be at high risk for occupational biological hazards,and this includes exposure to mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB)which can result in either active or latent TB infection(...Objective:Health-care workers(HCWs)are known to be at high risk for occupational biological hazards,and this includes exposure to mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB)which can result in either active or latent TB infection(LTBI).This study aims to provide an overview of the incidence of LTBI among HCWs in Brunei Darussalam,to examine associated risk factors,and to evaluate LTBI treatment compliance.Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective cross-sectional study which was conducted using data from January 2018 to December 2021,on notified cases of LTBI in HCWs which identified 115 cases.Demographic data,underlying medical conditions,and compliance to treatment were assessed through reviews of their electronic health records.Results:The incidence of LBTI was 14.6/year/1000 HCWs.The incidence rate reached a high of 24.6/1000 in 2020,and majority of cases were in the older age groups.There was good treatment acceptance and compliance(82.6%),and this was observed to be significantly higher in females than males(P=0.02).Conclusion:This study showed an average incidence of LTBI of 14.6/1000 HCWs over 4 years and high LTBI treatment acceptance(82.6%)and compliance.Emphasis on infection prevention and control measures in health-care settings and actions to increase awareness of LTBI are crucial interventions toward reducing the burden of LTBI.展开更多
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to evaluate the policy of TST testing in Suriname. As there is no gold standard to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), the tuberculin skin test (TST) is used to diagnose LTBI. However, internationally, the cut-off values of the TST are not uniform and depend on local tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology and guidelines for test initiation. In Suriname, where currently several indications exist for TSTs, cut-off values are set at 5 mm or 10 mm, depending on the age and/or medical history of the patient. LTBI classification is performed by pulmonologists primarily based on the American Thoracic Society targeted TB testing guidelines. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">retrospective analysis of outpatient TST data between 2011 and 2019 from Suriname’s sole pulmonary medicine clinic. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Result:</span></b><span></span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 1373 patients were evaluated. 590 patients were from the screening group of whom 253 had a positive TST result, 46 of whom were classified as LTBI. In the contact tracing group of 649 patients, 616 had a positive TST, 352 of whom were classified as LTBI. In the medical condition group of 134 patients, 96 had a positive TST, 38 of whom were classified as LTBI. Eventually, positive TST results were found for 965 tested patients: 436 patients were classified as LTBI and 529 non-LTBI patients were not prescribed chemoprophylaxis. None of the non-LTBI TST-positive patients were diagnosed with active TB, including 174 patients with a TST result of 15 mm or greater and in need of IPT, but not prescribed by jud</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ement</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of the pulmonologist or because of loss to follow-up. <b></b></span><b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></b></span><b> </b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the overrepresentation of positive TST results in Suriname is attributable to stringent cut-off values, especially among patients who do not disclose TB risk factors. In our opinion the TST cut-off value for such patients in Suriname and other similar settings could be set at 15 mm. We also promote that for all patients with a TST result of 15 mm or greater, offering IPT should be considered (after excluding active TB).</span></span></span>
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275290 and 51905222)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20211068)+2 种基金Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration(No.MSV202419)Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Basic Theory and Key Technology of Tri-Co Robots(No.92248301)the Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education),Jilin University(No.KF2023006)。
文摘In the event of the ever-increasing growth of the beauty industry and the burgeoning market for facial masks,high-performance and high-safety mask products have emerged.Among these,light-cured collagen peptide-based hydrogels,which are non-toxic,photocurable natural materials,exhibit significant potential for use in facial masks.We developed a novel collagen peptide-lithium chloride hydrogel-based facial mask.Light-cured collagen peptide hydrogel is a non-toxic,light-activated natural material that holds considerable promise for application in facial masks.Nonetheless,there is a significant lack of effective methodologies for real-time assessment of skin quality currently available in the market.To address this deficiency,we have developed an innovative collagen peptide-lithium chloride hydrogel mask,which is characterized by exceptional transparency(98%within the visible spectrum of 400-800 nm),commendable tensile properties(tensile strength of 428.6±2.1 kPa,with a tensile strength increase of 123.9%),substantial water retention capacity(61%),and favorable antimicrobial efficacy(89%).The incorporation of lithium chloride enhances ionic conduction at the interface between the human body and hydrogel,thereby enabling quantitative evaluation of skin quality through impedance analysis.Our collagen peptide-lithium chloride hydrogel facial mask demonstrated effectiveness in distinguishing various skin types,including D+(severely dry),D(mildly to moderately dry),N(moderate),O(mildly to moderately oily),and O+(severely oily).This study presents significant opportunities for the advancement of hydrogel masks and provides a new application platform for polymer hydrogels.
基金Supported by National Major Science and Technology Projects of China(No.2012ZX09303010-001,No.2018ZX09734-002)。
文摘Objective:To evaluate whether skin tests are suitable to predict the allergy reactions induced by Chinese herbal injections(CHIs).Methods:The skin tests including skin prick tests(SPT),intradermal tests(IDT)and provocation tests including subcutaneous tests and intravenous tests were administered to 249 healthy subjects and 180 allergic patients for 3 CHIs,including ginkgolide injection,diterpene ginkgolide meglumine injection and Salvianolate lyophilized injection.The results of the provocation tests were used as the"gold standard"to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the skin tests.Results:The results did not show any significant differences between the healthy and allergy groups in both skin tests and provocation tests(P>0.05).The specificities of SPT and IDT were 0.976 and 0.797,respectively,and the sensitivities of both SPT and IDT were 0.Conclusion:Skin tests are insufficient to predict the likelihood of allergic reactions resulting from CHIs.(ChiCTR-CPC-15006921)
文摘Objective:The current study analyzed the chemoprophylactic effect of isoniazide on close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis and positive tuberculin skin tests(TSTs).Methods:A total of 1206 close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis and strongly-pos-itive TSTs were enrolled.The patients had chest X-ray examinations.Patients without tuberculosis and other diseases were divided into the following groups:90 patients in the prophylaxis group,who were given 300 mg of isoniazid qd(3-5 mg/kg for children)over a 10-month treatment course;and 89 patients in the control group without drug therapy.Both groups were followed for 10 years.Results:(1)There were 568 patients with negative results and 638 with positive results,includ-ing 445 with ordinarily-and moderately-positive results,and 193 with strongly-positive results(a positive rate of 52.9%[638/1206]and a strongly-positive rate of 16.0%[193/1206]).Fourteen tuber-culosis patients were identified(tuberculosis detection rate of 1.1%).(2)During the 3-year period of follow-up,there were 4 patients in the prophylaxis group and 12 patients in the control group who acquired tuberculosis(a morbidity rate of 4.7%[4/84]and 13.4%[12/89],respectively),and the dif-ference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=3.916,P=0.048).Six patients in the prophylaxis group,all of whom were children,discontinued medication use during the course of treatment due to adverse drug reactions,for an adverse drug reaction occurrence rate of 6.6%(6/90),a medication completion rate of 93.3%(84/90),and a 3-year protection ratio of 64.6%.(3)During the 4-6 year period,there were two patients in the prophylaxis group and three patients in the control group who acquired tubercu-losis(a morbidity rate of 2.5%[2/78]and 4.1%[3/73],respectively),two in the prophylaxis group and four in the control group who were lost to follow-up(a loss to follow-up rate of 2.5%[2/80]and 5.1%[4/77],respectively),and the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.006,P=0.940;χ^(2)=0.215,P=0.643).(4)During the 7-10 year study,there was one patient in the prophylaxis group and two patients in the control group who acquired tuberculosis(a morbidity rate of 1.3%[1/72]and 3.1%[2/64],respectively),and four in the prophylaxis group and six in the control group who were lost to follow-up(a loss to follow-up rate of 5.2%[4/76]and 8.5%[6/70],respectively),and the dif-ference was not statistically different(χ^(2)=0.011,P=0.918;χ^(2)=0.176,P=0.675).(5)Within 10 years,there were 7 patients in the prophylaxis group and 17 patients in the control group who acquired tu-berculosis(a morbidity rate of 8.3%[7/84]and 21.5%[17/79],respectively;χ^(2)=4.770,P=0.029),and 6 in the prophylaxis group and 10 in the control group were lost to follow-up(the loss to follow-up rate was 7.1%[6/84]and 11.2%[10/89],respectively;χ^(2)=0.863,P=0.353).Conclusion:Close contacts of patients with active tuberculosis are at high-risk for acquir-ing tuberculosis.It is safe and effective for patients with strongly-positive TST results to undergo isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for 10 months.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(81871691)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(KZ202110025034).
文摘Dear Editor,The tuberculin skin test(TST)reagents have continuously improved,with the ESAT6-CFP10(EC)test having recently been introduced,but are seldom based on the direction of the delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH)mechanism.Previous studies only partially showed the infiltration and activation of immune cells and the production of cytokines of the skin induration[1,2],and lack the detailed measurements of cell proportions and gene expression in the DTH response.Therefore,in this study,we revealed the comprehensive characteristics of DTH by single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)in the guinea pig tuberculosis(TB)model[Experimental Animal Welfare Ethics Committee,Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute(2021-064)].
文摘The paper investigates the foaming and mildness properties of trehalolipids surfactant in rinse-off formulations,comparing it with the traditional nonionic surfactant alkyl-polyglycolide(APG).Both single surfactant and their surfactant complexes are evaluated.And the results show that trehalolipids have significant advantages in reducing surface tension,improving foam performance,and enhancing mildness.For mildness evaluation,multiple methods are employed in the study,including in vitro cell toxicity,inflammatory markers,colorimetric index of mildness CIM,and in vivo method of human skin patch test.The results show that the addition of trehalolipids increases IC50 and reduces the release of inflammatory markers of the binary surfactant system.However,the incorporation of trehalolipids has some negative effects on the skin’s lipid barrier function.Skin patch test results indicate that the addition of trehalolipids improves the mildness of surfactant system,particularly in sulfate-free system.Overall,trehalolipids,as nonionic surfactants,presents great potential to replace traditional surfactants in rinse off formulations with enhanced mildness and foam performance.
基金Supported by a grant from the Korea Society of Neurogastroen-terology and Motility Research Funds (project No. 2003530)
文摘AIM： To correlate the clinical features of treated and untreated patients with irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） to the results of skin prick test （SPT） for food and inhalant allergens. METHODS： We recruited 105 subjects to form three different target groups： treated group （n=44） undergoing treatment for IBS, untreated group （n =31） meeting the Rome Ⅱ criteria without treatment for IBS, control group （n = 30） with no IBS symptoms. RESULTS： SPT results were different among the three groups in which SPT was positive in 17 （38.6%） treated patients, in 5 （16.1%） untreated patients and in 1 （3.3%） control （P〈0.01）. The number of positive SPTs was greater in the IBS group than in the control group （P〈 0.001）. The number of positive food SPTs was higher in the treated IBS group than in the untreated IBS group （P= 0.03）. CONCLUSION： Positive food SPT is higher in IBS patients than in controls.
基金supported by the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital,Mahidol University,Bangkok,Thailand,[Grant Number(IO)R016032002]Oxford Immunotec and Biomed diagnostics(Thailand)provided the T-SPOT.TB test kit
文摘Objective:To evaluate the performance of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccinated young children.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy children younger than 5 years who were recently diagnosed with tuberculosis or had recent exposure to active tuberculosis.QuantiFERON-TB Gold,T-SPOT.TB and tuberculin skin test were performed in each patient.Results:Of the 60 children,median age 3.3 years,17 had tuberculosis and 43 had recent tuberculosis exposure.Overall,15(25.0%)children had tuberculin skin test reaction≥10 mm;8(13.3%)were positive by QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test,and 12(20.0%)by T-SPOT.TB.Nineteen(31.7%)children had at least one positive test.There was a moderate agreement between interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test.Conclusions:The positive rates of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test were low in young children who were infected with tuberculosis,supporting the management strategy of not testing children younger than 5 years.
基金supported in part, by research grants from Thai Traditional Medical Knowledge Fund, Ministry of Public HealthThammasat University research fund, Thailand (Fund number 3/2556)
文摘BACKGROUND： Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., commonly known as Phlai in Thai, has been used as a traditional medicine in Thailand for the treatment of various diseases, including inflammation and chronic airway disease. OBJECTIVE： The purpose of this study was to assess the antihistaminic effect of Phlai on skin testing DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION： This was a randomized, open-label, three- way crossover study. Twenty allergic rhinitis （AR） patients were enrolled. In randomized sequence, patients received a single dose of Ph/ai capsules （100 or 200 mg） or Ioratadine （10 mg） with a washout period of 1 week between each treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Skin prick testing for histamine and common aeroallergen （house dust mite） were performed before treatment and after 1,2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours of treatment. The main treatment outcomes were the mean wheal and flare responses to the skin prick test after treatment. RESULTS： Both 100 mg and 200 mg Phlai doses suppressed wheal and flare responses to house dust mite allergen, but only 200 mg of Phlai capsules significantly suppressed wheal and flare responses to histamine. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that Ioratadine caused more wheal and flare suppression than Phial capsules in responses to the histamine skin prick test. However, there were no significant differences among the effects of 100 mg Phlai capsules, 200 mg Phlai capsules and Ioratadine in suppression of wheal and flare induced by the mite skin prick test. Both doses of Phlai were well-tolerated with no adverse events.CONCLUSION： Both 100 mg （compound D 4 mg） when taken as a single therapeutic dose, inhibited AR patients. and 200 mg （compound D 8 mg） Phlai capsules, skin reactivity to histamine and mite skin prick tests in TRIAL REGISTRATION： Thai clinical trial registry （TCTR20160510001）
基金supported by the Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital,Mahidol University,Bangkok,Thailand,[Grant Number(IO)R015832028].Oxford Immunotec and Biomed diagnostics(Thailand)provided the T-SPOT.TB test kit
文摘Objective:To evaluate the performance of interferon gamma release assays and tuberculin skin test in HIV-infected children and adolescents with immune reconstitution.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in HIV-infected patients aged 5-18 years receiving antiretroviral treatment with CD4 T-lymphocytes>25%or>500 cells/mm3 for at least 6 months.QuantiF ERON-TB Gold,T-SPOT.TB,and tuberculin skin test were performed in each patient.Results:A total of 50 patients were enrolled with median age of 13.7 years,CD4 counts of 753(IQR:587-989)cells/mm3.Among 27 patients with tuberculosis(16)or tuberculosis exposure(11),8(29.6%)were positive to at least one test,2(7.4%)were positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold,3(11.1%)positive T-SPOT.TB,and 7(25.9%)had tuberculin skin test≥5 mm.Among 23 patients without history of tuberculosis or exposure,all had negative interferon gamma release assays,while 2(8.7%)had positive tuberculin skin test.Conclusions:All tests had low sensitivity despite immune reconstitution.
文摘Summary: In order to study the relationship between serum specific IgE (sIgE) and allergen skin test, allergen skin tests and detections of sIgE in 220 allergic patients of Wuhan area were analyzed. The coherent rate of the two methods was beyond 70 % (P<0.01). It was concluded that the in vitro and in vivo detection methods of allergens have a high coherence and can be used as the effective ways to diagnose the allergic diseases in clinical practice.
基金CNPQ-Brazil, National Council to Developmentof Research, No. CAAE 009025800007
文摘AIM:To compare the response to skin prick tests (SPTs) to food antigens (FAs) and inhalant allergens (IAs) in patients with two subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls. METHODS:We compared the results of SPTs for IAs and FAs in 87 volunteers divided into three groups:diarrhea predominant IBS (D-IBS) GroupⅠ(n = 19), constipation predominant IBS (C-IBS) Group Ⅱ (n = 17), and normal controls Group Ⅲ (n = 51). RESULTS:Of the 285 tests (171 for FAs and 114 for IAs) performed in GroupⅠwe obtained 45 (26.3%) positive responses for FA and 23 (20.1%) for IA. Of the 153 tests for FA in Group Ⅱ, we obtained 66 (20.1%) positive responses, and of the 102 tests for IA, we obtained 20 (19.6%) positive responses. Of the 459 tests for FA performed in Group Ⅲ, we obtained 39 (84%) positive responses, and of the 306 for IA, we obtained 52 (16.9%) positive responses. The numbers of positive responses were not significantly different between the three groups, but in the D-IBS group, the number of SPTFA responses differed significantly from those for the other two groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION:Despite the small number of cases studied, the higher reactivity to FAs in GroupⅠcompared to Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ adds new information, and suggests the presence of a possible alteration in intestinal epithelial function.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30671943)the National Scientific Supporting Foundation of China (2008BAI59B04)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2003AA2Z3502)
文摘Objective To evaluate the significance of several Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen extracts for skin prick test(SPT) in patients allergic to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.Methods Two hundred and nineteen patients enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital underwent SPT and serum specific IgE assay to detect the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen.Three kinds of house dust mite allergen extracts were used for SPT,including the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract prepared by our laboratory(group A),standardized Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract(group B),and mixed extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae(group C).Human serum specific IgE result was regarded as the reference standard for diagnosis of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergy.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of SPT with the extracts of three groups.Results SPT results showed that the median wheal diameter of group A,group B,and group C was 0.43,0.35,and 0.28 cm,respectively,with significant difference among three groups(P<0.05).The difference was significant between group A and B(P<0.01) as well as group A and C(P<0.01),but not between group B and C(P>0.05).There was no local urticaria or systemic allergic reactions following the procedure of SPT.Local reaction was observed in 5 patients and delayed reaction was in 2 patients of group A.As for group B and C,local reaction occurred in 3 cases and delayed reaction in 2 cases in each group.The area under ROC curve of SPT with extract in group A,group B,and group C was 0.765,0.801,and 0.782,respectively.Based on the detection results of serum specific IgE,the sensitivity of SPT in diagnosis of Dermato-phagoides pteronyssinus allergy with extract of group A,group B,and group C was 92.4%,87.0%,and 81.5%,and the specificity was 60.6%,73.2%,and 74.8%,respectively.Conclusion The Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract for SPT prepared by our laboratory offers good sensitivity and specificity comparable to commercially available allergen extracts,and it may be an appropriate candidate for clinical screening and diagnosis of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergy.
文摘Objective: To compare Quanti-FERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test and tuberculin skin test (TST) for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 64 participants who were between 3 months and 14 years old and had close contact with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were included. Both QFT-GIT test and TST were done and the results were analyzed by SPSS software and Kappa test. Results: The distribution of gender and age according to QFT-GIT and TST results were matched (P>0.05). Overall agreement between QFT-GIT and TST for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children was 75%. In addition, the contingency coefficient was 0.257, and the Kappa measure of agreement was 0.246 (P=0.034). Conclusions: Compared to TST, QFT-GIT shows no apparent advantage for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in children.
文摘This study investigated the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) distraction, compared to comic book distraction and no distraction, in reducing pain and anxiety during a medical procedure in a pediatric population: the skin prick test. Although this test has many advantages and is considered to be minimally invasive, it causes anxiety and painful discomfort in children. Ninety-two children aged 7 to 17 years consulting for an allergic test received VR distraction, comic book distraction, or no distraction. Outcome measures included pain score, level of anxiety, and VR measures. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the three groups regarding sex, age, and preprocedural anxiety level. In the distraction groups (VR and comic book), children reported significantly lower pain and procedural anxiety scores than children with no distraction;VR distraction had a more significant effect than comic book distraction. A decrease in anxiety before and during the skin prick test is significantly more significant in VR distraction. This study suggested the effectiveness and feasibility of VR to reduce pain and anxiety during the pediatric skin prick test.
基金supported by Anhui Longcom Biologic Pharmacy Co.Ltd.,ChinaThis study received grant support from the Clinical Research Project of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center of China(No.KY-GW-2024-01)research start-up funds for introduced talents of Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center of China(No.RCJJ2025-08).
文摘Objective:There are limited data on the use of the creation tuberculin skin test(C-TST)for detecting tuberculosis(TB)infection(TBI)in individuals under 18 years of age.We conducted a study to assess the diagnostic accuracy of C-TST in this population.Methods:A double-blind,randomized controlled trial was conducted across 4 tertiary hospitals in China to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the C-TST in detecting TBI in individuals under 18 years of age.Participants with suspected pulmonary TB,extrapulmonary TB,or non-TB pulmonary disease were enrolled.The primary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy of the C-TST.Secondary outcomes included the consistency among C-TST,the traditional tuberculin skin test(TST),and T-SPOT.TB assays in different subgroups,as well as the safety of C-TST.Each participant underwent all 3 tests simultaneously:T-SPOT.TB assay,TST,and C-TST.Results:C-TST showed a sensitivity of 83.0%(95%CI,68.7%-91.9%),while TST and T-SPOT.TB demonstrated sensitivities of 80.9%(95%CI,66.3%-90.4%)and 76.6%(95%CI,61.6%-87.2%),respectively.The specificities of C-TST,TST,and T-SPOT.TB were 100%(95%CI,91.9%-100%),98.0%(95%CI,87.8%-99.9%),and 100%(95%CI,90.9%-100%),respectively.The consistency between C-TST and T-SPOT.TB was high(kappa=0.847).No serious adverse events(AEs)were reported.
文摘in order to elucidate the relationship between secretory otitis media (SOM) and allergy,the tympanogram and allergic skin test with house dust, mite, and Japanese cedar pollen allergen were made in 2702 pupils in Shiraoi, Hokkaido, Japan. The correlation between the tympanogram type and the results of allergic skin was analyzed. This study suggests that there is no positive relationship between SOM and allergy.
文摘BACKGROUND Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults(LADA)is a special type of type 1 diabetes mellitus.During the early stages,patients with LADA are treated with oral antidiabetics.However,insulin treatment is still required as islet function gradually declines.Once patients have developed insulin allergy,clinical treatment and nursing care become very challenging.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of LADA with insulin-related lipodystrophy,allergy,and exogenous insulin autoimmune syndrome during insulin treatment,thus making it very difficult to effectively control glucose levels with insulin.We attempted subcutaneous injection and an insulin pump to desensitize the patient’s response to insulin,and finally assisted the doctor to select the appropriate insulin treatment for the patient.We describe the management of this patient from a nursing viewpoint.CONCLUSION We summarize the nursing experience of a case with complex insulin allergy requiring desensitization treatment.Our approach is very practical and can be applied to similar patients needing insulin desensitization.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Introduction: </span></b><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is based on secular ways: chest radiography and tuberculin skin test (TST). In front of a recent enthusiasm for LTBI, this paper reports a historical perspective of this concept. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Bibliometric analysis and literature review from medi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cal databases, using the terms “latent tuberculosis infection (“LTBI”), “prim</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ary tuberculosis”, “tuberculin skin test”, “tuberculosis”, and from reference books on tuberculosis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the PubMED/MEDLINE search for LTBI, a total of 7787 articles were found between 1901 and 2020, 95% </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">from 2000 to 2020. In the first part of the 20</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> century, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">LTBI term was used for sub-clinical tu</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">berculosis disease, the latency being also called “</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">primary tuberculosis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">” or <i>“</i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ab</span></i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ortive tuberculosis infection</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span></i>. <span style="font-family:Verdana;">From 1960, randomized prospective therapeutic studies mentioned </span></span><span><i></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. By the end of the 20</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> century,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the epidemic of AIDS impeded tuberculosis decrease, making LTBI </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">search more efficient. In 2000, the <i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">American Thoracic Society</span></i></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i></span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the <i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Center</span></i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">for Disease Controls and Prevention</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></i><i><span> </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">proposed the systematic used of LTBI, rel</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ayed through public health policies. A significant higher scientific produc</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">tion about LT</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">BI was noted, supported by IGRA tests comm</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ercialization. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In the recent years, health public policies, combined with epidemiologic and economic factors, strengthened the use of LTBI terminology.</span></span>
文摘Objective:Health-care workers(HCWs)are known to be at high risk for occupational biological hazards,and this includes exposure to mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB)which can result in either active or latent TB infection(LTBI).This study aims to provide an overview of the incidence of LTBI among HCWs in Brunei Darussalam,to examine associated risk factors,and to evaluate LTBI treatment compliance.Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective cross-sectional study which was conducted using data from January 2018 to December 2021,on notified cases of LTBI in HCWs which identified 115 cases.Demographic data,underlying medical conditions,and compliance to treatment were assessed through reviews of their electronic health records.Results:The incidence of LBTI was 14.6/year/1000 HCWs.The incidence rate reached a high of 24.6/1000 in 2020,and majority of cases were in the older age groups.There was good treatment acceptance and compliance(82.6%),and this was observed to be significantly higher in females than males(P=0.02).Conclusion:This study showed an average incidence of LTBI of 14.6/1000 HCWs over 4 years and high LTBI treatment acceptance(82.6%)and compliance.Emphasis on infection prevention and control measures in health-care settings and actions to increase awareness of LTBI are crucial interventions toward reducing the burden of LTBI.
