Recent epidemiological surveys based on Baumann's classification have revealed a notable rise in the prevalence of oily sensitive skin.The development of oily sensitive skin is primarily linked to the abnormal fun...Recent epidemiological surveys based on Baumann's classification have revealed a notable rise in the prevalence of oily sensitive skin.The development of oily sensitive skin is primarily linked to the abnormal function of sebaceous glands.The function of sebaceous glands is regulated by several factors,including inflammatory mediators,neurotransmitters,and endocrine signals.Sensitive skin,particularly oily sensitive skin,is prone to local inflammation,which in turn disrupts the normal functioning of sebaceous glands.This creates a loop wherein increased oil production exacerbates sensitivity,while heightened sensitivity further stimulates sebum secretion,perpetuating a vicious cycle.This article summarizes our understanding of the four primary mechanisms underlying skin sensitivity and their impact on sebaceous gland activity.Accordingly,it proposes management strategies for oily sensitive skin and seeks to guide the development of skin care regimens for this skin type.展开更多
Investigate the self-assessment of the skin sensitivity degree of Chinese cosmetic consumers,and explore the differences in lifestyle and skin conditions among consumers with different degrees of skin sensitivity.The ...Investigate the self-assessment of the skin sensitivity degree of Chinese cosmetic consumers,and explore the differences in lifestyle and skin conditions among consumers with different degrees of skin sensitivity.The study selected 716 female participants from different cities,and collected relevant data through questionnaire surveys,instrument tests,and other methods.The results found that the participants who self-assessed as having sensitive skin had a lower average age,frequency of skin care,frequency of makeup,and years of makeup.The proportion of choosing medical cosmetology and staying up late was higher,the skin was more elastic,the skin tone was more biased towards red,there were more red areas,and the skin texture was better(p<0.05).The research results can be used to guide the development of cosmetics to meet the needs of consumers with different degrees of skin sensitivity.展开更多
To investigate the mechanisms of apigenin(API)and proanthocyanidins(PC)in soothing sensitive skin(SS),a mast cell degranulation model was established by stimulating RBL-2H3 cells with the calcium ionophore A23187.Base...To investigate the mechanisms of apigenin(API)and proanthocyanidins(PC)in soothing sensitive skin(SS),a mast cell degranulation model was established by stimulating RBL-2H3 cells with the calcium ionophore A23187.Based on the combinatorial experiments,it was found that when API and PC were combined at the molar ratios of 4∶1 and 2∶1,they exhibited the antagonistic effects on histamine release(combination index CI>1);when they are combined at the molar ratios of 1∶1,1∶2 or 1∶4,they showed the synergistic effects on histamine release(CI<1).Among them,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 showed the better potent synergistic antihistamine release effect(CI=0.70).Histamine is a hallmark of the mast cell degranulation,consequently,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 yields the better efficiency in inhibiting the mast cell degranulation with the lowest IC_(50)value.Compared to the utilization of API or PC alone,the IC_(50)value was reduced by 11.150 and 6.503μmol/L,respectively.Compared to the positive control paeonol(PA),the treatment with the combination significantly reduced theβ-hex secretion,decreased the F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangement,and markedly suppressed the release of TNF-α,IL-4,and MCP-1.Further studies on the signaling pathways related to the mast cell degranulation indicated that the combination effectively inhibited the intracellular Ca^(2+)influx and significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase(CaMK)and phospholipase C/protein kinase C(PLC/PKC).In summary,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 exhibited the better synergistic antagonistic effect on the histamine release,inhibited the mast cell degranulation model activation by reducing Ca^(2+)influx and inhibiting the activation of Ca^(2+)/CaMK and PLC/PKC pathways,stabilized the cell membranes,regulated the inflammatory factor secretion,and exerted an effect in alleviating sensitive skin.展开更多
Skin sensitization is a common adverse effect of a wide range of small reactive chemicals,leading to allergic contact dermatitis(ACD),the most frequent manifestation of immunotoxicity in humans.The prevalence of ACD i...Skin sensitization is a common adverse effect of a wide range of small reactive chemicals,leading to allergic contact dermatitis(ACD),the most frequent manifestation of immunotoxicity in humans.The prevalence of ACD is increasing,affecting up to 20%of the Western European population.This trend was particularly pronounced in high-risk occupational sectors,including healthcare,food services,metal and construction workers,and hairdressers[1].The skin sensitization adverse outcome pathway(AOP)comprises 11 elements,with four designated key events(KEs):formation of proteinhapten complexes(KE-1),inflammatory keratinocyte response(KE-2),dendritic cell(DC)activation(KE-3),and T-cell proliferation(KE-4)[2].As there is no cure for ACD,preventive strategies are of great relevance.In addition to avoiding exposure,preventive measures,such as the use of latex gloves,barrier creams,emollients,and moisturizers,often have limited effectiveness[3].展开更多
Background:Sensitive skin affects a substantial portion of the global population and has significant implications for skin health and well-being.In addition to unpleasant sensory effects,individuals with sensitive ski...Background:Sensitive skin affects a substantial portion of the global population and has significant implications for skin health and well-being.In addition to unpleasant sensory effects,individuals with sensitive skin were likely to be more susceptible to hyperpigmentation.However,the association between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms,remain unclear.Objective:This study aims to investigate the correlation and intrinsic mechanisms between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation through network pharmacology combined with molecular docking.Materials and Methods:The targets associated with sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation were collected from the human gene database,GeneCards.Subsequently,the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),and Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis were performed to explore the biological connections between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation.Additionally,the targets of 15 active compounds with reported lightening effects were collected from TCMSP,BATMAN and SymMap databases.Target analysis and molecular docking were performed to identify potential candidates for addressing hyperpigmentation on sensitive skin.The anti-melanogenesis effect of the identified candidate was verified in B16F10 cells.Results:A total of 16971 sensitive skin targets and 11382 hyperpigmentation targets were screened,and 9693 overlapping targets were identified,with a core set comprising 164 targets.The combination of PPI network,KEGG and GO analysis revealed the key role of tyrosinase and immune-mediated inflammation in pigmentation on sensitive skin.Among the 15 active compounds,oxyresveratrol was identified as having a high correlation with the core set targets and predicted strong inhibition of Tyrosine-protein Kinase Kit.The application of oxyresveratrol exhibited a dose-dependent suppression of melanin production in B16F10 cells.Conclusion:This study suggested the crucial roles of immune-mediated inflammation in sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,as well as highlighted the potential of oxyresveratrol in addressing hyperpigmentation on sensitive skin.These comprehensive findings provide a deeper understanding of the connection mechanism between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,offering new insights for the development of targeted treatments and interventions.展开更多
This study aims to investigate the antioxidant activity of Tibetan gentian(Gentiana spp.)extract and its essence when compounded with a facial mask matrix.It also evaluates the efficacy of facial masks containing gent...This study aims to investigate the antioxidant activity of Tibetan gentian(Gentiana spp.)extract and its essence when compounded with a facial mask matrix.It also evaluates the efficacy of facial masks containing gentian extract on sensitive facial skin and analyzes the comprehensive performance of the mask.A total of 90 patients with facial sensitive skin,enrolled between October 2022 and December 2024,were randomly assigned to either a control group or an observation group,with 45 patients in each.The control group used standard facial masks,while the observation group used masks containing gentian extract.Both groups underwent a 4-week intervention.The effi cacy,lactic acid stinging test indicators,and skin physiological function parameters were compared between the two groups.Results showed that the overall eff ectiveness rate in the observation group reached 93.26%,signifi cantly higher than 71.20%in the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,both groups showed notable improvements compared to baseline in lactic acid stinging test scores and physiological skin indicators.Specifi cally,the observation group had signifi cantly lower stinging scores and a longer latency before the onset of stinging compared to the control group.Moreover,the skin pH values were lower,while sebum levels and stratum corneum hydration were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).No serious adverse events occurred in either group.These fi ndings suggest that facial masks containing gentian extract eff ectively alleviate symptoms of sensitive facial skin,enhance skin barrier function and tolerance,and are safe for use.展开更多
Sensitive skin is a clinical syndrome characterized by a hyper-reactive state of the skin,primarily on the face.It is accompanied by subjective symptoms such as burning,stinging,itching,and tightness when exposed to p...Sensitive skin is a clinical syndrome characterized by a hyper-reactive state of the skin,primarily on the face.It is accompanied by subjective symptoms such as burning,stinging,itching,and tightness when exposed to physical,chemical,or psychological stimuli.Objective signs,such as erythema,scales,and dilated blood vessels,may or may not be present.The discomfort associated with sensitive skin can be triggered by various endogenous and exogenous factors,which usually have no significant effect on the individual and do not induce irritant reactions.Sensitive skin often presents as a subjective state without clinical signs and exhibits diversity,posing challenges in sensitive skin research and care.This review summarizes the prevalence,key factors,pathophysiological mechanisms,diagnosis,and progress in daily care for sensitive skin.The aim is to provide a clearer and more systematic understanding of sensitive skin and offer guidance for sensitive skin care.展开更多
This study evaluated the effect of a fresh-milk cream on reducing skin erythema response in 30 subjects(23.87±0.34 years)by objective instrumental method.The model of skin erythema was established by tape strippi...This study evaluated the effect of a fresh-milk cream on reducing skin erythema response in 30 subjects(23.87±0.34 years)by objective instrumental method.The model of skin erythema was established by tape stripping and histamine stimulation.Herein the skin erythema index(EI),skin sensitivity value and skin images of subjects were measured.The data was statistically analyzed by SPSS software.The results showed that the fresh-milk cream could continuously decrease the value of the histamine-stimulated area’s erythema index and skin sensitivity,and relieve the skin redness.It indicated that the fresh-milk cream had the functions of reducing skin erythema response and soothing the skin sensitivity.展开更多
The causes and pathogenesis of sensitive skin are relatively complex.Herein,the causes and pathogenesis of sensitive skin are summarized based on previous research results.The causes of sensitive skin mainly include v...The causes and pathogenesis of sensitive skin are relatively complex.Herein,the causes and pathogenesis of sensitive skin are summarized based on previous research results.The causes of sensitive skin mainly include various external factors,internal factors,and other dermatological factors.The mechanisms are complex,including skin barrier function injury,changes in epidermal microbial status,abnormal sensory nerve fiber function,activation of TRPV1 channel,neurovascular-immune-inflammatory pathway,transcriptome,etc.Sensitive skin is often induced by multiple mechanisms.The analysis and discussion of the causes and mechanisms of sensitive skin will be helpful to guide clinical practice.展开更多
Developed robotics sensitive skin is a modularized, flexible, mini-type array of infrared sensors with data processing capabilities, which can be used to cover the body of a robot. Depending on the infrared sensors an...Developed robotics sensitive skin is a modularized, flexible, mini-type array of infrared sensors with data processing capabilities, which can be used to cover the body of a robot. Depending on the infrared sensors and periphery processing circuit, robotics sensitive skin can in real-time provide existence and distance information about obstacles for robots within sensory areas. The methodology of designing sensitive skin and the algorithm of a mass of IR data fusion are presented. The experimental results show that the multi-joint robot with this sensitive skin can work autonomously in an unknown environment.展开更多
<strong>Purpose:</strong> To establish whether Curaderm, a topical pharmacotherapy for skin cancer, irritates or sensitizes normal skin. <strong>Methods:</strong> The dermal irritation and skin...<strong>Purpose:</strong> To establish whether Curaderm, a topical pharmacotherapy for skin cancer, irritates or sensitizes normal skin. <strong>Methods:</strong> The dermal irritation and skin sensitization toxicity of Curaderm were investigated in rabbits and guinea pigs in compliance with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline. To assess dermal irritation, rabbits were dermally exposed to Curaderm for varying periods of time. To assess hypersensitivity, the guinea-pig maximisation test was applied. <strong>Results:</strong> Curaderm was only negligibly irritating using the criteria of erythema and oedema. Curaderm did not produce any sensitization toxicity of the skin. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> These studies confirm the non-toxic observations on normal skin experienced in the clinical setting when treating skin cancer and reinforce the specificity of Curaderm towards cancer cells.展开更多
In vitro skin sensitization testing methods based on the adverse outcome pathway(AOP)were used to evaluate the skin sensitization potencies of 5 commonly used preservatives.According to the“2 out of 3”principle of t...In vitro skin sensitization testing methods based on the adverse outcome pathway(AOP)were used to evaluate the skin sensitization potencies of 5 commonly used preservatives.According to the“2 out of 3”principle of the integrated approaches to testing and assessment(IATA)the direct peptide reactivity assay(DPRA)and the human cell line activation test(h-CLAT)were used to detect the preservatives commonly used in cosmetics,including phenoxyethanol.methyl paraben,propyl paraben,imidazolidinyl urea and DMDM hydantoin.The DPRA and the h-CLA were carried out according to the OEC442C and 442E guidelines,respectively.The results show that.phenoxyethanol and methyl paraben are both negative in DPRA and h-CLAT while imidazolidinyl urea and DMDM hydantoin are both positive in these two tests.Propyl paraben has negative result in DPRA but positive result in h-CLAT.Therefore,imidazolidiny urea and DMDM hydantoin are sensitizers,while phenoxyethanol and methylparaben are non-sensitizers.Taken animal and human data into consideration,it is predicted that propyl paraben should be a non-sensitizer.The combination of DPRA and h-CLAT can make up for the limitations of using a single method,and it is suitable for the preliminary screening of cosmetic raw materials according to skin sensitization.展开更多
To evaluate and discuss two novels in vitro alternative tests which based on the 2nd and 4th event of the AOP in skin sensitization and their application in skin sensitization evaluation of cosmetics in vitro.The DSen...To evaluate and discuss two novels in vitro alternative tests which based on the 2nd and 4th event of the AOP in skin sensitization and their application in skin sensitization evaluation of cosmetics in vitro.The DSens(DSens method)and Jurkat(TCPA method)were used as the test models and 9 of reference chemicals and 12 kinds of cosmetic products were used to confirm and assess the application capability in skin sensitization.The results showed that the DSens method was more sensitive to the reference chemicals compare to the TCPA method.All the results of cosmetic products showed a high consistency between these two assays and h-CLAT or in vivo assay.As the new screening method for skin sensitization evaluation of cosmetics,the in vitro alternative tests based on AOP have certain effectiveness.The reasonable combination strategy can bring a bright future for the development and application of animal alternative test in China.展开更多
The influence factors of oily sensitive skin were reviewed.Some solutions were proposed for the development of skin care formulations that aim at solving the oily sensitive skin problems more effectively,such as repai...The influence factors of oily sensitive skin were reviewed.Some solutions were proposed for the development of skin care formulations that aim at solving the oily sensitive skin problems more effectively,such as repairing the skin permeability barrier,controlling oil,inhibiting sebum oxidation,relieving keratinization abnormalities,regulating the skin microecology and alleviating skin inflammatory reactions.It was concluded that future research should focus on precise skin care by designing targeted product formulations according to the characteristics of oily sensitive skin.展开更多
Lophatherum gracile extract(LG)was taken as the research object,and evaluated respectively from two dimensions of efficacy and safety,so as to enhance its application prospect in the field of cosmetics.Eye irritation ...Lophatherum gracile extract(LG)was taken as the research object,and evaluated respectively from two dimensions of efficacy and safety,so as to enhance its application prospect in the field of cosmetics.Eye irritation and skin irritation were evaluated by chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane experiment(HET-CAM)and human patch test.The transient potential receptor vanillate subtype 1(TRPV1)was highly expressed in the cell model,and the influence of the expression of interleukin 8(IL-8)and monocyte chemotactic factor(MCP-1)were measured.Sensitivity skin stimulation models were established using sodium dodecyl sulfate,lactic acid and capsaicin and to determine its ability to relieve skin sensitivity.HET-CAM and human patch test show that LG has good eye safety and skin safety.In the cell model with over-expression of TRPV1,LG can reduce the over-expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 in a dose-dependent manner.In human evaluation,LG can significantly reduce the transepidermal water loss rate(TEWL)and skin erythema index(EI)increase caused by SDS(p<0.05),instantly alleviate skin irritation caused by lactic acid stimulation,significantly reduce skin discomfort and redness caused by capsaicin stimulation,indicating that LG can accelerate the repair of damaged skin and enhance the barrier function of sensitive skin(p<0.05).The results of Therefore,as an active raw material of plant origin,LG has the characteristics of high efficiency,strong effect and safety,which can be widely used in the development of skin care product.展开更多
Cosmetic preservatives are essential to ensure the safety and effectiveness of these products.They help prevent microbial contamination,maintain longer shelf life and ensure cosmetics remain safe for use.Research on p...Cosmetic preservatives are essential to ensure the safety and effectiveness of these products.They help prevent microbial contamination,maintain longer shelf life and ensure cosmetics remain safe for use.Research on preservative mechanisms in cosmetic products is important,as it helps understand how these chemicals protect products from microbial growth and spoilage,leading to effective and safer preservatives and improved product quality for customers.Additionally,knowledge of preservative mechanisms can also identify any potential health risks associated with their use,allowing for safer cosmetic formulations.This review provides an overview of current understanding of the antimicrobial mechanism of action of preservatives used in cosmetics.展开更多
Menstrual hygiene products(MHPs)like tampons,sanitary towels and panty liners are widely used by women and come in close contact with the intimate parts of the human body,which consist of mucosae that lack the importa...Menstrual hygiene products(MHPs)like tampons,sanitary towels and panty liners are widely used by women and come in close contact with the intimate parts of the human body,which consist of mucosae that lack the important barrier function of normal skin.Hence,substances leaching from MHP can easily penetrate and become systemically available.This study aims to develop a new in chemico methodology that allows to identify and measure realistic consumer exposure levels of several skin sensitizers and irritants leaching from MHPs under simulated use conditions.To assess the leaching of chemicals from MHPs,a menstrual fluid simulant(MFS)simulating pH,osmolarity and protein binding was first established.Subsequently,an analytical methodology was developed for nine well-known skin sensitizers and skin irritants.In short,the MFS samples underwent salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction before ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis.Validation was performed according to the total error approach with acceptability limits of±15%regarding the total analytical error(including systematic and random bias).Fifteen commercially available MHPs were assessed.Six products were found to leach at least one of the following five sensitizing and irritating compounds:a-isomethyl ionone,benzyl salicylate,hexyl cinnamaldehyde,linalool and piperonal.Piperonal was the most abundant compound leaching from the MHPs,with leaching concentration levels measured to 28.22 mg/g.In addition,the leaching level of benzyl salicylate was found to be 11.03 mg/g.The latter fragrance concentration is above 10 mg/g and would trigger mandatory labelling if the Cosmetic Regulation would apply for MHPs.However,none of the identified and quantified skin sensitizers were mentioned on the packaging.In conclusion,this novel methodology makes it possible to estimate realistic human exposure levels to skin sensitizers and irritants through the use of MHPs.Availability of these exposure estimates is vital to carry out a quantitative health risk assessment of these substances.展开更多
文摘Recent epidemiological surveys based on Baumann's classification have revealed a notable rise in the prevalence of oily sensitive skin.The development of oily sensitive skin is primarily linked to the abnormal function of sebaceous glands.The function of sebaceous glands is regulated by several factors,including inflammatory mediators,neurotransmitters,and endocrine signals.Sensitive skin,particularly oily sensitive skin,is prone to local inflammation,which in turn disrupts the normal functioning of sebaceous glands.This creates a loop wherein increased oil production exacerbates sensitivity,while heightened sensitivity further stimulates sebum secretion,perpetuating a vicious cycle.This article summarizes our understanding of the four primary mechanisms underlying skin sensitivity and their impact on sebaceous gland activity.Accordingly,it proposes management strategies for oily sensitive skin and seeks to guide the development of skin care regimens for this skin type.
文摘Investigate the self-assessment of the skin sensitivity degree of Chinese cosmetic consumers,and explore the differences in lifestyle and skin conditions among consumers with different degrees of skin sensitivity.The study selected 716 female participants from different cities,and collected relevant data through questionnaire surveys,instrument tests,and other methods.The results found that the participants who self-assessed as having sensitive skin had a lower average age,frequency of skin care,frequency of makeup,and years of makeup.The proportion of choosing medical cosmetology and staying up late was higher,the skin was more elastic,the skin tone was more biased towards red,there were more red areas,and the skin texture was better(p<0.05).The research results can be used to guide the development of cosmetics to meet the needs of consumers with different degrees of skin sensitivity.
文摘To investigate the mechanisms of apigenin(API)and proanthocyanidins(PC)in soothing sensitive skin(SS),a mast cell degranulation model was established by stimulating RBL-2H3 cells with the calcium ionophore A23187.Based on the combinatorial experiments,it was found that when API and PC were combined at the molar ratios of 4∶1 and 2∶1,they exhibited the antagonistic effects on histamine release(combination index CI>1);when they are combined at the molar ratios of 1∶1,1∶2 or 1∶4,they showed the synergistic effects on histamine release(CI<1).Among them,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 showed the better potent synergistic antihistamine release effect(CI=0.70).Histamine is a hallmark of the mast cell degranulation,consequently,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 yields the better efficiency in inhibiting the mast cell degranulation with the lowest IC_(50)value.Compared to the utilization of API or PC alone,the IC_(50)value was reduced by 11.150 and 6.503μmol/L,respectively.Compared to the positive control paeonol(PA),the treatment with the combination significantly reduced theβ-hex secretion,decreased the F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangement,and markedly suppressed the release of TNF-α,IL-4,and MCP-1.Further studies on the signaling pathways related to the mast cell degranulation indicated that the combination effectively inhibited the intracellular Ca^(2+)influx and significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase(CaMK)and phospholipase C/protein kinase C(PLC/PKC).In summary,the combination of API and PC at a molar ratio of 1∶1 exhibited the better synergistic antagonistic effect on the histamine release,inhibited the mast cell degranulation model activation by reducing Ca^(2+)influx and inhibiting the activation of Ca^(2+)/CaMK and PLC/PKC pathways,stabilized the cell membranes,regulated the inflammatory factor secretion,and exerted an effect in alleviating sensitive skin.
基金support was provided by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF),through the Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme,Portugal(Project No.:CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012(HealthyAging2020))through the COMPETE 2020-Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation and Portuguese National Funds via Fundaçao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia,Portugal(Project Nos.:POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029369 UIDB/04539/2020,iBiMED UIDB/04501/2020,DOI identifier https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04501/2020 and project reference UIDP/04501/2020,DOI identifier https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/04501/2020,and LA/P/0058/2020)supported by Fundaçao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia through the individual PhD fellowships,Portugal(Grant Nos.:PD/BDE/142926/2018 and SFRH/BD/110717/2015)。
文摘Skin sensitization is a common adverse effect of a wide range of small reactive chemicals,leading to allergic contact dermatitis(ACD),the most frequent manifestation of immunotoxicity in humans.The prevalence of ACD is increasing,affecting up to 20%of the Western European population.This trend was particularly pronounced in high-risk occupational sectors,including healthcare,food services,metal and construction workers,and hairdressers[1].The skin sensitization adverse outcome pathway(AOP)comprises 11 elements,with four designated key events(KEs):formation of proteinhapten complexes(KE-1),inflammatory keratinocyte response(KE-2),dendritic cell(DC)activation(KE-3),and T-cell proliferation(KE-4)[2].As there is no cure for ACD,preventive strategies are of great relevance.In addition to avoiding exposure,preventive measures,such as the use of latex gloves,barrier creams,emollients,and moisturizers,often have limited effectiveness[3].
文摘Background:Sensitive skin affects a substantial portion of the global population and has significant implications for skin health and well-being.In addition to unpleasant sensory effects,individuals with sensitive skin were likely to be more susceptible to hyperpigmentation.However,the association between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms,remain unclear.Objective:This study aims to investigate the correlation and intrinsic mechanisms between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation through network pharmacology combined with molecular docking.Materials and Methods:The targets associated with sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation were collected from the human gene database,GeneCards.Subsequently,the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),and Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis were performed to explore the biological connections between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation.Additionally,the targets of 15 active compounds with reported lightening effects were collected from TCMSP,BATMAN and SymMap databases.Target analysis and molecular docking were performed to identify potential candidates for addressing hyperpigmentation on sensitive skin.The anti-melanogenesis effect of the identified candidate was verified in B16F10 cells.Results:A total of 16971 sensitive skin targets and 11382 hyperpigmentation targets were screened,and 9693 overlapping targets were identified,with a core set comprising 164 targets.The combination of PPI network,KEGG and GO analysis revealed the key role of tyrosinase and immune-mediated inflammation in pigmentation on sensitive skin.Among the 15 active compounds,oxyresveratrol was identified as having a high correlation with the core set targets and predicted strong inhibition of Tyrosine-protein Kinase Kit.The application of oxyresveratrol exhibited a dose-dependent suppression of melanin production in B16F10 cells.Conclusion:This study suggested the crucial roles of immune-mediated inflammation in sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,as well as highlighted the potential of oxyresveratrol in addressing hyperpigmentation on sensitive skin.These comprehensive findings provide a deeper understanding of the connection mechanism between sensitive skin and hyperpigmentation,offering new insights for the development of targeted treatments and interventions.
文摘This study aims to investigate the antioxidant activity of Tibetan gentian(Gentiana spp.)extract and its essence when compounded with a facial mask matrix.It also evaluates the efficacy of facial masks containing gentian extract on sensitive facial skin and analyzes the comprehensive performance of the mask.A total of 90 patients with facial sensitive skin,enrolled between October 2022 and December 2024,were randomly assigned to either a control group or an observation group,with 45 patients in each.The control group used standard facial masks,while the observation group used masks containing gentian extract.Both groups underwent a 4-week intervention.The effi cacy,lactic acid stinging test indicators,and skin physiological function parameters were compared between the two groups.Results showed that the overall eff ectiveness rate in the observation group reached 93.26%,signifi cantly higher than 71.20%in the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,both groups showed notable improvements compared to baseline in lactic acid stinging test scores and physiological skin indicators.Specifi cally,the observation group had signifi cantly lower stinging scores and a longer latency before the onset of stinging compared to the control group.Moreover,the skin pH values were lower,while sebum levels and stratum corneum hydration were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).No serious adverse events occurred in either group.These fi ndings suggest that facial masks containing gentian extract eff ectively alleviate symptoms of sensitive facial skin,enhance skin barrier function and tolerance,and are safe for use.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province[grant numbers 21202107201900005,21202107201900003].
文摘Sensitive skin is a clinical syndrome characterized by a hyper-reactive state of the skin,primarily on the face.It is accompanied by subjective symptoms such as burning,stinging,itching,and tightness when exposed to physical,chemical,or psychological stimuli.Objective signs,such as erythema,scales,and dilated blood vessels,may or may not be present.The discomfort associated with sensitive skin can be triggered by various endogenous and exogenous factors,which usually have no significant effect on the individual and do not induce irritant reactions.Sensitive skin often presents as a subjective state without clinical signs and exhibits diversity,posing challenges in sensitive skin research and care.This review summarizes the prevalence,key factors,pathophysiological mechanisms,diagnosis,and progress in daily care for sensitive skin.The aim is to provide a clearer and more systematic understanding of sensitive skin and offer guidance for sensitive skin care.
文摘This study evaluated the effect of a fresh-milk cream on reducing skin erythema response in 30 subjects(23.87±0.34 years)by objective instrumental method.The model of skin erythema was established by tape stripping and histamine stimulation.Herein the skin erythema index(EI),skin sensitivity value and skin images of subjects were measured.The data was statistically analyzed by SPSS software.The results showed that the fresh-milk cream could continuously decrease the value of the histamine-stimulated area’s erythema index and skin sensitivity,and relieve the skin redness.It indicated that the fresh-milk cream had the functions of reducing skin erythema response and soothing the skin sensitivity.
文摘The causes and pathogenesis of sensitive skin are relatively complex.Herein,the causes and pathogenesis of sensitive skin are summarized based on previous research results.The causes of sensitive skin mainly include various external factors,internal factors,and other dermatological factors.The mechanisms are complex,including skin barrier function injury,changes in epidermal microbial status,abnormal sensory nerve fiber function,activation of TRPV1 channel,neurovascular-immune-inflammatory pathway,transcriptome,etc.Sensitive skin is often induced by multiple mechanisms.The analysis and discussion of the causes and mechanisms of sensitive skin will be helpful to guide clinical practice.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50105002) and Fund of Harbin Institute of Technology (Grant No.HIT.2001.14).
文摘Developed robotics sensitive skin is a modularized, flexible, mini-type array of infrared sensors with data processing capabilities, which can be used to cover the body of a robot. Depending on the infrared sensors and periphery processing circuit, robotics sensitive skin can in real-time provide existence and distance information about obstacles for robots within sensory areas. The methodology of designing sensitive skin and the algorithm of a mass of IR data fusion are presented. The experimental results show that the multi-joint robot with this sensitive skin can work autonomously in an unknown environment.
文摘<strong>Purpose:</strong> To establish whether Curaderm, a topical pharmacotherapy for skin cancer, irritates or sensitizes normal skin. <strong>Methods:</strong> The dermal irritation and skin sensitization toxicity of Curaderm were investigated in rabbits and guinea pigs in compliance with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline. To assess dermal irritation, rabbits were dermally exposed to Curaderm for varying periods of time. To assess hypersensitivity, the guinea-pig maximisation test was applied. <strong>Results:</strong> Curaderm was only negligibly irritating using the criteria of erythema and oedema. Curaderm did not produce any sensitization toxicity of the skin. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> These studies confirm the non-toxic observations on normal skin experienced in the clinical setting when treating skin cancer and reinforce the specificity of Curaderm towards cancer cells.
文摘In vitro skin sensitization testing methods based on the adverse outcome pathway(AOP)were used to evaluate the skin sensitization potencies of 5 commonly used preservatives.According to the“2 out of 3”principle of the integrated approaches to testing and assessment(IATA)the direct peptide reactivity assay(DPRA)and the human cell line activation test(h-CLAT)were used to detect the preservatives commonly used in cosmetics,including phenoxyethanol.methyl paraben,propyl paraben,imidazolidinyl urea and DMDM hydantoin.The DPRA and the h-CLA were carried out according to the OEC442C and 442E guidelines,respectively.The results show that.phenoxyethanol and methyl paraben are both negative in DPRA and h-CLAT while imidazolidinyl urea and DMDM hydantoin are both positive in these two tests.Propyl paraben has negative result in DPRA but positive result in h-CLAT.Therefore,imidazolidiny urea and DMDM hydantoin are sensitizers,while phenoxyethanol and methylparaben are non-sensitizers.Taken animal and human data into consideration,it is predicted that propyl paraben should be a non-sensitizer.The combination of DPRA and h-CLAT can make up for the limitations of using a single method,and it is suitable for the preliminary screening of cosmetic raw materials according to skin sensitization.
文摘To evaluate and discuss two novels in vitro alternative tests which based on the 2nd and 4th event of the AOP in skin sensitization and their application in skin sensitization evaluation of cosmetics in vitro.The DSens(DSens method)and Jurkat(TCPA method)were used as the test models and 9 of reference chemicals and 12 kinds of cosmetic products were used to confirm and assess the application capability in skin sensitization.The results showed that the DSens method was more sensitive to the reference chemicals compare to the TCPA method.All the results of cosmetic products showed a high consistency between these two assays and h-CLAT or in vivo assay.As the new screening method for skin sensitization evaluation of cosmetics,the in vitro alternative tests based on AOP have certain effectiveness.The reasonable combination strategy can bring a bright future for the development and application of animal alternative test in China.
文摘The influence factors of oily sensitive skin were reviewed.Some solutions were proposed for the development of skin care formulations that aim at solving the oily sensitive skin problems more effectively,such as repairing the skin permeability barrier,controlling oil,inhibiting sebum oxidation,relieving keratinization abnormalities,regulating the skin microecology and alleviating skin inflammatory reactions.It was concluded that future research should focus on precise skin care by designing targeted product formulations according to the characteristics of oily sensitive skin.
文摘Lophatherum gracile extract(LG)was taken as the research object,and evaluated respectively from two dimensions of efficacy and safety,so as to enhance its application prospect in the field of cosmetics.Eye irritation and skin irritation were evaluated by chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane experiment(HET-CAM)and human patch test.The transient potential receptor vanillate subtype 1(TRPV1)was highly expressed in the cell model,and the influence of the expression of interleukin 8(IL-8)and monocyte chemotactic factor(MCP-1)were measured.Sensitivity skin stimulation models were established using sodium dodecyl sulfate,lactic acid and capsaicin and to determine its ability to relieve skin sensitivity.HET-CAM and human patch test show that LG has good eye safety and skin safety.In the cell model with over-expression of TRPV1,LG can reduce the over-expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 in a dose-dependent manner.In human evaluation,LG can significantly reduce the transepidermal water loss rate(TEWL)and skin erythema index(EI)increase caused by SDS(p<0.05),instantly alleviate skin irritation caused by lactic acid stimulation,significantly reduce skin discomfort and redness caused by capsaicin stimulation,indicating that LG can accelerate the repair of damaged skin and enhance the barrier function of sensitive skin(p<0.05).The results of Therefore,as an active raw material of plant origin,LG has the characteristics of high efficiency,strong effect and safety,which can be widely used in the development of skin care product.
文摘Cosmetic preservatives are essential to ensure the safety and effectiveness of these products.They help prevent microbial contamination,maintain longer shelf life and ensure cosmetics remain safe for use.Research on preservative mechanisms in cosmetic products is important,as it helps understand how these chemicals protect products from microbial growth and spoilage,leading to effective and safer preservatives and improved product quality for customers.Additionally,knowledge of preservative mechanisms can also identify any potential health risks associated with their use,allowing for safer cosmetic formulations.This review provides an overview of current understanding of the antimicrobial mechanism of action of preservatives used in cosmetics.
文摘Menstrual hygiene products(MHPs)like tampons,sanitary towels and panty liners are widely used by women and come in close contact with the intimate parts of the human body,which consist of mucosae that lack the important barrier function of normal skin.Hence,substances leaching from MHP can easily penetrate and become systemically available.This study aims to develop a new in chemico methodology that allows to identify and measure realistic consumer exposure levels of several skin sensitizers and irritants leaching from MHPs under simulated use conditions.To assess the leaching of chemicals from MHPs,a menstrual fluid simulant(MFS)simulating pH,osmolarity and protein binding was first established.Subsequently,an analytical methodology was developed for nine well-known skin sensitizers and skin irritants.In short,the MFS samples underwent salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction before ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis.Validation was performed according to the total error approach with acceptability limits of±15%regarding the total analytical error(including systematic and random bias).Fifteen commercially available MHPs were assessed.Six products were found to leach at least one of the following five sensitizing and irritating compounds:a-isomethyl ionone,benzyl salicylate,hexyl cinnamaldehyde,linalool and piperonal.Piperonal was the most abundant compound leaching from the MHPs,with leaching concentration levels measured to 28.22 mg/g.In addition,the leaching level of benzyl salicylate was found to be 11.03 mg/g.The latter fragrance concentration is above 10 mg/g and would trigger mandatory labelling if the Cosmetic Regulation would apply for MHPs.However,none of the identified and quantified skin sensitizers were mentioned on the packaging.In conclusion,this novel methodology makes it possible to estimate realistic human exposure levels to skin sensitizers and irritants through the use of MHPs.Availability of these exposure estimates is vital to carry out a quantitative health risk assessment of these substances.
