The Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm carbonatite gas reservoirs in the Leshan-Longnüsi Paleouplift in the Sichuan Basin feature strong heterogeneity,well-developed fractures and caverns,and a high content of H_(2)S...The Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm carbonatite gas reservoirs in the Leshan-Longnüsi Paleouplift in the Sichuan Basin feature strong heterogeneity,well-developed fractures and caverns,and a high content of H_(2)S,so these reservoirs are prone to reservoir damages caused by the invasion of drilling fluid or the improper well completion,so to minimize the reservoir skin factor is key to achieving high yield of oil and gas in this study area.Therefore,based on the geological characteristics of the Longwangmiao reservoirs,the binomial productivity equation was applied to demonstrate the possibility and scientificity of minimizing the skin factor.According to the current status of reservoir stimulation,the overall skin factors of reservoir damage caused by drilling fluid invasion,improper drilling and completion modes etc were analyzed,which shows there is still potential for skin factor reduction.Analysis of reservoir damage factors indicates that the main skin factor of Longwangmiao Fm reservoirs consists of that caused by drilling fluid and by improper completion modes.Along with the minimization of skin factor caused by drilling and improper completion,a fracture-network acidizing process to achieve“non-radial&network-fracture”plug-removal by making good use of natural fractures was proposed according to the characteristics of Longwangmiao Fm carbonatite reservoirs.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of recombinant human epithelium growth factor ( rhEGF) applied to skin graft.METHODS:96 cases between February 2000 and December 2001,were treated.During the operation,After scar removed...AIM:To investigate the effects of recombinant human epithelium growth factor ( rhEGF) applied to skin graft.METHODS:96 cases between February 2000 and December 2001,were treated.During the operation,After scar removed and skin grafted,the rhEGF was injected under the skin graft.80 cases without injection of rhEGF were made as contrast.Ten days later,the area of survived skin was measured and the livability of skin was calculated. RESULTS: The skin livability of cases with in jection of rhEGF was (90.67±10.02)% and the skin livability of contrast cases was(76.85±8.35)%. There axisted evident differences between them(P< 0.01).CO NCLUSION:The rhEGF was an effective method for increasing livability of skin gra ft.展开更多
Formation damage evaluation is an important component in well test analysis and for- mation evaluation. Formation damage of one-layer reservoir has been studied by decomposing the total skin factor and estimating the ...Formation damage evaluation is an important component in well test analysis and for- mation evaluation. Formation damage of one-layer reservoir has been studied by decomposing the total skin factor and estimating the mud pollution depth. And the well test analyses for multilayered reservoirs were reported, but relation between the total skin factor and individual layer skin factor has not been considered. The relation is devel-oped in this note with well test analysis combining numerical simulation, which aids properly evaluating formation and making stimulating decision.展开更多
Skin toxicity is a common symptom of anti-epidermal rowth factor receptor(EGFR) antibody treatment and is also a predictive marker of its efficacy in colorectal cancer patients. However, severe skin disorders induced ...Skin toxicity is a common symptom of anti-epidermal rowth factor receptor(EGFR) antibody treatment and is also a predictive marker of its efficacy in colorectal cancer patients. However, severe skin disorders induced by such antibodies negatively impact on the quality of life of patients and decreases drug compliance during treatment. If we can predict the high-risk group susceptible to severe skin toxicity before treatment, we can undertake the early management of any arising skin disorders and formulate a more accurate prognosis for anti-EGFR antibody treatment. Previous studies have identified molecular markers of skin toxicity induced by anti-EGFR antibody, such as EGFR polymorphisms, the expression of inflammatory chemokines and serum levels of EGFR ligands. A clinical trial was undertaken involving the escalation of cetuximab doses, guided by the grade of skin toxicity observed, such as no or low-grade, in metastatic colorectal cancer(the EVEREST study). The dose escalation of cetuximab was confirmed by a safety profile and had the tendency to achieve a higher response rate in KRAS wild-type patients. A large, prospective randomized trial is now ongoing(EVEREST 2) and the results of this trial may contribute to personalized medicine in KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer patients.展开更多
Objective To scrutinize the effect of growth factors resulting from the intermingled skin graft onwound healing. Methods By means of RT-PCR technique, mRNA expressions of TGFα, TGFβ1, PDGF andbFGF of autografts and ...Objective To scrutinize the effect of growth factors resulting from the intermingled skin graft onwound healing. Methods By means of RT-PCR technique, mRNA expressions of TGFα, TGFβ1, PDGF andbFGF of autografts and allografts on burnt rats were quantitatively analysed. Results (1) mRNA expressions ofall the four growth factors mentioned above were found both in allografts and autografts, the expressions beinghigher in autografts than allografts; (2) In autografts, TGFα expression began to rise from second post transplantday (D2), reaching a peak on D18,. TGFβ1 expression gained a high level on D2 and had itS peak on D18; PDGFexpression had its peak on D4, rebounding on D25; bFGF expression, exceedingly high on D2, dropped andrebounded in the same manner as in PDGF; (3) In the early stage of the wound healing, mRNA expression of thefour growth factors was lower in allografts, rising up in varying degrees thereafter. Conclusion (1) Graftsurvival took place both in autografts and allografts, with the former pederming better than the latter; (2) Thecombining action of growth factors that reached the affected area through autosecretion and bysecretion probablypromoted the healing of the burn wound, following signal transmission channels; (3) Rejection, which occurred inallogralts, was responsible for the decreasing viability of allografts and their replacement by the host skin.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the potential of a skin care product composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen (Col) sponge containing epidermal growth factor (EGF), vitamin C derivative (VC), glucosylceramide (GC...This study aimed to investigate the potential of a skin care product composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen (Col) sponge containing epidermal growth factor (EGF), vitamin C derivative (VC), glucosylceramide (GC), poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA), and argentine (Arg). High-molecular weight HA aqueous solution, hydrolyzed low-molecular weight HA aqueous solution, and heat- denatured Col aqueous solution were mixed, into which each aqueous solution containing EGF, VC, GC, PGA, or Arg were added, followed by freeze-drying to obtain a spongy EGF-incorporating skin care product (EGF-skin care product). In order to evaluate the first efficacy of EGF, fibroblast proliferation was assessed after 6 days of cultivation in the conditioned medium prepared by dissolving EGF-skin care product in a conventional culture medium. The fibroblast densities increased more effectively in conditioned medium with EGF than in control medium without EGF. In order to evaluate the second efficacy of EGF, the amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) produced by fibroblasts were assessed in a wound surface model. A fibroblast-incorporating Col gel sheet (cultured dermal substitute: CDS) was elevated to the air- medium interface, onto which a spongy sheet of EGF-skin care product was placed and cultured for 7 days. The condition covered with or without EGF-skin care product is divided into (+) EGF or (-) EGF, respectively. Fibroblasts in the CDS released 3.7 times more VEGF and 25 times more HGF in (+) EGF compared with (-) EGF. In another experiment, an aqueous solution of EGF-skin care product was added onto CDS and cultured for 7 days. Aqueous solutions were prepared and stored at 4°C or 37°C for a different period of 1 day, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks, respectively. Fibroblasts in CDS under different condition released similar amount of VEGF and HGF. This result indicated that the efficacy of EGF was maintained even after preservation at 37°C for 4 weeks. These findings suggest that EGF-skin care product can be used on damaged skin surface by placing its spongy sheet or its solution.展开更多
Fabric-skin adhesion was objectively described by the indices of the maximum adhesion force F_(max) , the maximum separation distance L_(max) ,and adhesion work W as well as the adhesion force-separation distance curv...Fabric-skin adhesion was objectively described by the indices of the maximum adhesion force F_(max) , the maximum separation distance L_(max) ,and adhesion work W as well as the adhesion force-separation distance curve. Firstly,gray correlation analysis method was adopted to investigate the correlation levels between adhesion indices,and secondly the relative importance of fabric structural parameters to fabric-skin adhesion,as well as the correlation levels between skin adhesion, water absorption, and wicking properties of the fabric. The results prove that W exhibits clear correlations with both F_(max) and L_(max) , yet the relevance between F_(max) and L_(max) is weak. Fabric adhesion indices are most associated with fabric mass and least with fabric thickness,whereas fabric wicking and water absorption present closest correlation with fabric thickness. Therefore, it is concluded that the relevance between fabric wicking, water absorption, and skin-adhesion properties are rather comprehensive than straight.展开更多
The incidence of skin cancer is increasing worldwide. Included in high risk group are people who have light common phenotypic factors (hair, skin, eyes), have high number of naevi, report previous sunburns and have a ...The incidence of skin cancer is increasing worldwide. Included in high risk group are people who have light common phenotypic factors (hair, skin, eyes), have high number of naevi, report previous sunburns and have a family history of skin cancer. Protecting the skin from the sun by wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen and avoiding sun exposure are recommended among primary preventive activities. The purpose of this study was to describe the current patterns of sun protection measures adopted by nurses and to examine the association between compliance with sun protection measures and the main risk factors of melanoma. This cross sectional study was conducted in 2007 during the Annual Greek National Conference of Nursing. Nurses most commonly chose to use sunscreen, to wear glasses, to use an umbrella or to seek for shade in order to protect themselves against sun exposure. Finally, phenotypic factors, previous sunburns and common naevi presence were found to affect nurses’ attitude towards protective measures. This study poses the necessity of targeting high risk groups for melanoma through campaigns aiming to foster sun protection behaviours.展开更多
In a general wound healing process, foreign bodies and tissue detritus have to be broken down and then a new tissue is produced. However, the new tissue formation sometimes fails to proceed under the impaired conditio...In a general wound healing process, foreign bodies and tissue detritus have to be broken down and then a new tissue is produced. However, the new tissue formation sometimes fails to proceed under the impaired conditions such as burn injury and intractable skin ulcer. A major obstruction to wound healing is infection. Another obstruction to wound healing is deficiency of growth factors. The endogenous levels of growth factors are reduced in some chronic wounds. To improve these wound conditions, researchers have been trying to create several types of artificial skins. The tissue-engineered products include three prime constituents, i.e., cells, growth factors, and materials. In this review, the practical design of tissue-engineered products for skin regenerative medicine is introduced. The first design makes it possible to release silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) from a wound dressing. The second design makes it possible to release Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) from a wound dressing or a skin care product composed of hyaluronic acid spongy sheet containing bioactive ingredients. The third design makes it possible to release several types of growth factors from allogeneic fibroblasts within cultured dermal substitute. This tissue-engineered product is prepared by seeding allogeneic fibroblasts into a collagen and hyaluronic acid spongy sheet. Although allogeneic cells are rejected gradually in immune system, they are able to release some types of growth factors, thereby regenerating a damaged tissue. The clinical study demonstrates that these tissue-engineered products are promising for the treatment of burn injury and intractable skin ulcer.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of skin pigmentation regarding Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oxygen saturation values (StO2). The study examined NIRS values in individuals with varyin...The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of skin pigmentation regarding Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oxygen saturation values (StO2). The study examined NIRS values in individuals with varying skin pigmentation on the anterior compartment of the lower leg and volar forearm to determine if correlation exists among three NIRS devices, the EQUANOX, Casmed, and INVOS. Skin pigmentation was measured on the anterior lower leg (AL) and volar forearm (VF) of participants using a noninvasive colorimeter that employed reflective spectroscopy to produce a quantitative value for erythema (skin “redness”) and melanin (skin pigment). Muscle oxygenation was measured using three oximetry devices with sensors placed in the same areas. The EQUANOX device showed no significant correlation with skin pigmentation, while the Casmed and INVOS devices showed moderate and significant correlation with skin pigmentation, respectively. Different devices have different abilities to remove confounding variables, such as skin pigmentation and erythema, which may affect clinical decision-making, and affect the use of NIRS technology.展开更多
The histological characteristics,distribution and variability of epidermal growth factor(EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) during development of skin in the goat fetus were studied with histological and ...The histological characteristics,distribution and variability of epidermal growth factor(EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) during development of skin in the goat fetus were studied with histological and immunohistochemical methods.The results showed that the epidermis formed at the 6th gestational week,the thickness increased gradually because of transition from simple epithelium to stratified epithelium,and then decreased after the 15th week.The dermis was present at the 10th week,and the dermal derivatives appeared after the 11th week.All structures of the skin matured gradually during prenatal development.Low expression of EGF and EGFR could be observed at the 6th week and increased thereafter.Before the 11th week,EGF was mainly located in the cytoplasm of the basal layer of cells of epidermis,hair follicular epithelial cells and fibroblasts,and EGFR was mainly located on cell membranes of these cells.From the 11th to 16th week,the expression of EGF and EGFR extended from basal layer cells,prickle cells,hair follicular epithelial cells and fibroblasts to vascular endothelial cells,epithelial cells of sweat glands and arrector pili muscle.EGF was mainly detected cytoplasmically,and EGFR was located on membranes of these cells.From the 17th week to birth,EGF was mainly located in cells of the basal layer and hair follicular epithelial cells as the skin thinned and staining intensity continued to increase.The expressed amount of EGF and EGFR tended to increase throughout the whole development stage encompassed by gestational weeks 6 to 21 and the two components of the EGF signaling system were highly correlated.The results suggest that EGF and EGFR play important roles in the development of skin and its derivatives.展开更多
Inflammatory skin diseases are characterized by the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system via the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The main proinflammatory cytokines responsible for this develop...Inflammatory skin diseases are characterized by the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system via the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The main proinflammatory cytokines responsible for this development include TNF-alpha, Interleukin 1, 6 and 17, also the transcription factor NF-kappa B. Small molecule anti-inflammatory compounds such as those detailed in the paper, show much promise in dealing with these skin disorders. Four nutraceutical molecules that are well characterized by their capacity to interact with many of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, importantly IL-17, are found in an Australian product, Koena. Koena has been shown to not only decrease these cytokines but also help increase the production of Interleukin 10 and important anti-inflammatory cytokines. This paper reports clinical benefits of Koena in a variety of circumstances;eczema and psoriasis;insect bites and sting;solar damaged skin and keratosis. An analysis of patient/purchaser reviews via the website Koena.com.au to ascertain what condition they purchased the product for, if any, and the satisfaction rating after use. More than 35% of reviewers reported purchasing Koena to help with inflamed skin. Those reporting being satisfied with the result was 95% for this use. This paper reports on the benefit of small molecule anti-inflammatories in modulating and not blocking an immune response. It also illustrates the benefits of multitherapy when dealing with complex inflammatory responses as opposed to monotherapy.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： Oleanolic acid （OA） has been reported to have anticancer effects, but the extent of its cytotoxicity, its ability to interact with nuclear DNA, its action against skin melanoma, as well as the molecular ...OBJECTIVE： Oleanolic acid （OA） has been reported to have anticancer effects, but the extent of its cytotoxicity, its ability to interact with nuclear DNA, its action against skin melanoma, as well as the molecular mechanism of its action against cell proliferation and in support of cell death are still unexplored. This led us to examine the efficacy of OA, a bioactive compound isolated from Phytolacca decandra, on these issues in the present investigation. METHODS： Studies related to analyses of cell viability, drug-DNA interaction, cell proliferation, cell cycle and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） activity were performed. To investigate whether cells undergo apoptosis, studies like fluorescence microscopy, poly （ADP-ribose） polymerase （PARP） degradation, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assay, alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential and activity of some relevant signaling proteins were performed. RESULTS： OA displayed a minimal and negligible cytotoxic effect on normal HaCaT cells （skin keratinocytes） and peripheral blood mononuclear cells but by contrast it reduced A375 cell viability significantly. OA interacted with nuclear DNA quickly after exposure. It acted as an anti- proliferative agent. It suppressed EGFR activity. OA administration led the cells to mitochondria- dependent caspase 3-mediated apoptosis. CONCLUSION： OA interacts with cellular DNA, inhibits proliferation possibly through modulating EGFR activity and induces mitochondria-dependent caspase 3-mediated apoptosis in A375 cells which would qualify it as a potent anticancer agent.展开更多
基金National science and technology major project“Complex Carbonate Gas Reservoir Development Technology Research”(No.2011ZX05015-003-005).
文摘The Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Fm carbonatite gas reservoirs in the Leshan-Longnüsi Paleouplift in the Sichuan Basin feature strong heterogeneity,well-developed fractures and caverns,and a high content of H_(2)S,so these reservoirs are prone to reservoir damages caused by the invasion of drilling fluid or the improper well completion,so to minimize the reservoir skin factor is key to achieving high yield of oil and gas in this study area.Therefore,based on the geological characteristics of the Longwangmiao reservoirs,the binomial productivity equation was applied to demonstrate the possibility and scientificity of minimizing the skin factor.According to the current status of reservoir stimulation,the overall skin factors of reservoir damage caused by drilling fluid invasion,improper drilling and completion modes etc were analyzed,which shows there is still potential for skin factor reduction.Analysis of reservoir damage factors indicates that the main skin factor of Longwangmiao Fm reservoirs consists of that caused by drilling fluid and by improper completion modes.Along with the minimization of skin factor caused by drilling and improper completion,a fracture-network acidizing process to achieve“non-radial&network-fracture”plug-removal by making good use of natural fractures was proposed according to the characteristics of Longwangmiao Fm carbonatite reservoirs.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of recombinant human epithelium growth factor ( rhEGF) applied to skin graft.METHODS:96 cases between February 2000 and December 2001,were treated.During the operation,After scar removed and skin grafted,the rhEGF was injected under the skin graft.80 cases without injection of rhEGF were made as contrast.Ten days later,the area of survived skin was measured and the livability of skin was calculated. RESULTS: The skin livability of cases with in jection of rhEGF was (90.67±10.02)% and the skin livability of contrast cases was(76.85±8.35)%. There axisted evident differences between them(P< 0.01).CO NCLUSION:The rhEGF was an effective method for increasing livability of skin gra ft.
文摘Formation damage evaluation is an important component in well test analysis and for- mation evaluation. Formation damage of one-layer reservoir has been studied by decomposing the total skin factor and estimating the mud pollution depth. And the well test analyses for multilayered reservoirs were reported, but relation between the total skin factor and individual layer skin factor has not been considered. The relation is devel-oped in this note with well test analysis combining numerical simulation, which aids properly evaluating formation and making stimulating decision.
文摘Skin toxicity is a common symptom of anti-epidermal rowth factor receptor(EGFR) antibody treatment and is also a predictive marker of its efficacy in colorectal cancer patients. However, severe skin disorders induced by such antibodies negatively impact on the quality of life of patients and decreases drug compliance during treatment. If we can predict the high-risk group susceptible to severe skin toxicity before treatment, we can undertake the early management of any arising skin disorders and formulate a more accurate prognosis for anti-EGFR antibody treatment. Previous studies have identified molecular markers of skin toxicity induced by anti-EGFR antibody, such as EGFR polymorphisms, the expression of inflammatory chemokines and serum levels of EGFR ligands. A clinical trial was undertaken involving the escalation of cetuximab doses, guided by the grade of skin toxicity observed, such as no or low-grade, in metastatic colorectal cancer(the EVEREST study). The dose escalation of cetuximab was confirmed by a safety profile and had the tendency to achieve a higher response rate in KRAS wild-type patients. A large, prospective randomized trial is now ongoing(EVEREST 2) and the results of this trial may contribute to personalized medicine in KRAS wild-type colorectal cancer patients.
文摘Objective To scrutinize the effect of growth factors resulting from the intermingled skin graft onwound healing. Methods By means of RT-PCR technique, mRNA expressions of TGFα, TGFβ1, PDGF andbFGF of autografts and allografts on burnt rats were quantitatively analysed. Results (1) mRNA expressions ofall the four growth factors mentioned above were found both in allografts and autografts, the expressions beinghigher in autografts than allografts; (2) In autografts, TGFα expression began to rise from second post transplantday (D2), reaching a peak on D18,. TGFβ1 expression gained a high level on D2 and had itS peak on D18; PDGFexpression had its peak on D4, rebounding on D25; bFGF expression, exceedingly high on D2, dropped andrebounded in the same manner as in PDGF; (3) In the early stage of the wound healing, mRNA expression of thefour growth factors was lower in allografts, rising up in varying degrees thereafter. Conclusion (1) Graftsurvival took place both in autografts and allografts, with the former pederming better than the latter; (2) Thecombining action of growth factors that reached the affected area through autosecretion and bysecretion probablypromoted the healing of the burn wound, following signal transmission channels; (3) Rejection, which occurred inallogralts, was responsible for the decreasing viability of allografts and their replacement by the host skin.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the potential of a skin care product composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen (Col) sponge containing epidermal growth factor (EGF), vitamin C derivative (VC), glucosylceramide (GC), poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA), and argentine (Arg). High-molecular weight HA aqueous solution, hydrolyzed low-molecular weight HA aqueous solution, and heat- denatured Col aqueous solution were mixed, into which each aqueous solution containing EGF, VC, GC, PGA, or Arg were added, followed by freeze-drying to obtain a spongy EGF-incorporating skin care product (EGF-skin care product). In order to evaluate the first efficacy of EGF, fibroblast proliferation was assessed after 6 days of cultivation in the conditioned medium prepared by dissolving EGF-skin care product in a conventional culture medium. The fibroblast densities increased more effectively in conditioned medium with EGF than in control medium without EGF. In order to evaluate the second efficacy of EGF, the amount of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) produced by fibroblasts were assessed in a wound surface model. A fibroblast-incorporating Col gel sheet (cultured dermal substitute: CDS) was elevated to the air- medium interface, onto which a spongy sheet of EGF-skin care product was placed and cultured for 7 days. The condition covered with or without EGF-skin care product is divided into (+) EGF or (-) EGF, respectively. Fibroblasts in the CDS released 3.7 times more VEGF and 25 times more HGF in (+) EGF compared with (-) EGF. In another experiment, an aqueous solution of EGF-skin care product was added onto CDS and cultured for 7 days. Aqueous solutions were prepared and stored at 4°C or 37°C for a different period of 1 day, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks, respectively. Fibroblasts in CDS under different condition released similar amount of VEGF and HGF. This result indicated that the efficacy of EGF was maintained even after preservation at 37°C for 4 weeks. These findings suggest that EGF-skin care product can be used on damaged skin surface by placing its spongy sheet or its solution.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60904056)Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation,China(No.14ZR1401000)+2 种基金Science and Technology Project of Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision of Guangzhou Municipality,China(No.2014KJ29)Science and Technology Guidance Project of China National Textile and Apparel Council,China(No.2015066)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Fabric-skin adhesion was objectively described by the indices of the maximum adhesion force F_(max) , the maximum separation distance L_(max) ,and adhesion work W as well as the adhesion force-separation distance curve. Firstly,gray correlation analysis method was adopted to investigate the correlation levels between adhesion indices,and secondly the relative importance of fabric structural parameters to fabric-skin adhesion,as well as the correlation levels between skin adhesion, water absorption, and wicking properties of the fabric. The results prove that W exhibits clear correlations with both F_(max) and L_(max) , yet the relevance between F_(max) and L_(max) is weak. Fabric adhesion indices are most associated with fabric mass and least with fabric thickness,whereas fabric wicking and water absorption present closest correlation with fabric thickness. Therefore, it is concluded that the relevance between fabric wicking, water absorption, and skin-adhesion properties are rather comprehensive than straight.
文摘The incidence of skin cancer is increasing worldwide. Included in high risk group are people who have light common phenotypic factors (hair, skin, eyes), have high number of naevi, report previous sunburns and have a family history of skin cancer. Protecting the skin from the sun by wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen and avoiding sun exposure are recommended among primary preventive activities. The purpose of this study was to describe the current patterns of sun protection measures adopted by nurses and to examine the association between compliance with sun protection measures and the main risk factors of melanoma. This cross sectional study was conducted in 2007 during the Annual Greek National Conference of Nursing. Nurses most commonly chose to use sunscreen, to wear glasses, to use an umbrella or to seek for shade in order to protect themselves against sun exposure. Finally, phenotypic factors, previous sunburns and common naevi presence were found to affect nurses’ attitude towards protective measures. This study poses the necessity of targeting high risk groups for melanoma through campaigns aiming to foster sun protection behaviours.
文摘In a general wound healing process, foreign bodies and tissue detritus have to be broken down and then a new tissue is produced. However, the new tissue formation sometimes fails to proceed under the impaired conditions such as burn injury and intractable skin ulcer. A major obstruction to wound healing is infection. Another obstruction to wound healing is deficiency of growth factors. The endogenous levels of growth factors are reduced in some chronic wounds. To improve these wound conditions, researchers have been trying to create several types of artificial skins. The tissue-engineered products include three prime constituents, i.e., cells, growth factors, and materials. In this review, the practical design of tissue-engineered products for skin regenerative medicine is introduced. The first design makes it possible to release silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) from a wound dressing. The second design makes it possible to release Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) from a wound dressing or a skin care product composed of hyaluronic acid spongy sheet containing bioactive ingredients. The third design makes it possible to release several types of growth factors from allogeneic fibroblasts within cultured dermal substitute. This tissue-engineered product is prepared by seeding allogeneic fibroblasts into a collagen and hyaluronic acid spongy sheet. Although allogeneic cells are rejected gradually in immune system, they are able to release some types of growth factors, thereby regenerating a damaged tissue. The clinical study demonstrates that these tissue-engineered products are promising for the treatment of burn injury and intractable skin ulcer.
文摘The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of skin pigmentation regarding Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) tissue oxygen saturation values (StO2). The study examined NIRS values in individuals with varying skin pigmentation on the anterior compartment of the lower leg and volar forearm to determine if correlation exists among three NIRS devices, the EQUANOX, Casmed, and INVOS. Skin pigmentation was measured on the anterior lower leg (AL) and volar forearm (VF) of participants using a noninvasive colorimeter that employed reflective spectroscopy to produce a quantitative value for erythema (skin “redness”) and melanin (skin pigment). Muscle oxygenation was measured using three oximetry devices with sensors placed in the same areas. The EQUANOX device showed no significant correlation with skin pigmentation, while the Casmed and INVOS devices showed moderate and significant correlation with skin pigmentation, respectively. Different devices have different abilities to remove confounding variables, such as skin pigmentation and erythema, which may affect clinical decision-making, and affect the use of NIRS technology.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province of China(2004C120)Talent Foundation of Northwest A&F University
文摘The histological characteristics,distribution and variability of epidermal growth factor(EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) during development of skin in the goat fetus were studied with histological and immunohistochemical methods.The results showed that the epidermis formed at the 6th gestational week,the thickness increased gradually because of transition from simple epithelium to stratified epithelium,and then decreased after the 15th week.The dermis was present at the 10th week,and the dermal derivatives appeared after the 11th week.All structures of the skin matured gradually during prenatal development.Low expression of EGF and EGFR could be observed at the 6th week and increased thereafter.Before the 11th week,EGF was mainly located in the cytoplasm of the basal layer of cells of epidermis,hair follicular epithelial cells and fibroblasts,and EGFR was mainly located on cell membranes of these cells.From the 11th to 16th week,the expression of EGF and EGFR extended from basal layer cells,prickle cells,hair follicular epithelial cells and fibroblasts to vascular endothelial cells,epithelial cells of sweat glands and arrector pili muscle.EGF was mainly detected cytoplasmically,and EGFR was located on membranes of these cells.From the 17th week to birth,EGF was mainly located in cells of the basal layer and hair follicular epithelial cells as the skin thinned and staining intensity continued to increase.The expressed amount of EGF and EGFR tended to increase throughout the whole development stage encompassed by gestational weeks 6 to 21 and the two components of the EGF signaling system were highly correlated.The results suggest that EGF and EGFR play important roles in the development of skin and its derivatives.
文摘Inflammatory skin diseases are characterized by the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system via the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The main proinflammatory cytokines responsible for this development include TNF-alpha, Interleukin 1, 6 and 17, also the transcription factor NF-kappa B. Small molecule anti-inflammatory compounds such as those detailed in the paper, show much promise in dealing with these skin disorders. Four nutraceutical molecules that are well characterized by their capacity to interact with many of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, importantly IL-17, are found in an Australian product, Koena. Koena has been shown to not only decrease these cytokines but also help increase the production of Interleukin 10 and important anti-inflammatory cytokines. This paper reports clinical benefits of Koena in a variety of circumstances;eczema and psoriasis;insect bites and sting;solar damaged skin and keratosis. An analysis of patient/purchaser reviews via the website Koena.com.au to ascertain what condition they purchased the product for, if any, and the satisfaction rating after use. More than 35% of reviewers reported purchasing Koena to help with inflamed skin. Those reporting being satisfied with the result was 95% for this use. This paper reports on the benefit of small molecule anti-inflammatories in modulating and not blocking an immune response. It also illustrates the benefits of multitherapy when dealing with complex inflammatory responses as opposed to monotherapy.
基金the Boiron Laboratories,Lyon,France for partial financial support of the work
文摘OBJECTIVE： Oleanolic acid （OA） has been reported to have anticancer effects, but the extent of its cytotoxicity, its ability to interact with nuclear DNA, its action against skin melanoma, as well as the molecular mechanism of its action against cell proliferation and in support of cell death are still unexplored. This led us to examine the efficacy of OA, a bioactive compound isolated from Phytolacca decandra, on these issues in the present investigation. METHODS： Studies related to analyses of cell viability, drug-DNA interaction, cell proliferation, cell cycle and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） activity were performed. To investigate whether cells undergo apoptosis, studies like fluorescence microscopy, poly （ADP-ribose） polymerase （PARP） degradation, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assay, alteration in mitochondrial membrane potential and activity of some relevant signaling proteins were performed. RESULTS： OA displayed a minimal and negligible cytotoxic effect on normal HaCaT cells （skin keratinocytes） and peripheral blood mononuclear cells but by contrast it reduced A375 cell viability significantly. OA interacted with nuclear DNA quickly after exposure. It acted as an anti- proliferative agent. It suppressed EGFR activity. OA administration led the cells to mitochondria- dependent caspase 3-mediated apoptosis. CONCLUSION： OA interacts with cellular DNA, inhibits proliferation possibly through modulating EGFR activity and induces mitochondria-dependent caspase 3-mediated apoptosis in A375 cells which would qualify it as a potent anticancer agent.
