<div style="text-align:justify;"> Size-segregated of particulate matter (PM) including PM<sub>0.1</sub> at two different sites, i.e., educational (EA) and residential (RA) areas in Padang c...<div style="text-align:justify;"> Size-segregated of particulate matter (PM) including PM<sub>0.1</sub> at two different sites, i.e., educational (EA) and residential (RA) areas in Padang city, Indonesia were sampled by using a cascade type air sampler for 24 hours with the average flowrate 40 l/m throughout three weeks (March, 08<sup>th</sup>-25<sup>th</sup> 2018). Carbonaceous components were analyses by a carbon analyzer following the IMPROVE_TOR protocol. Average PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations in RA were higher than those in EA while being below the NAAQS of Indonesia. However, it was much higher compared to the WHO limit for 24 hours in RA. OC was the dominant fraction in TC. OC/EC ratio ranging from 2.4 to 33.0 was similar at both sites, suggesting the OC was emitted from various sources. Char-EC and soot-EC ratio were founded to be minimized for PM<sub>0.1</sub> (0.40 ± 0.27 and 0.39 ± 0.39, respectively at each site), indicating a more influence of burning of fossil fuel as vehicles exhaust and coal combustion. The transboundary influence of open biomass burning was not so significant although it cannot be ignored. </div>展开更多
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> Size-segregated of particulate matter (PM) including PM<sub>0.1</sub> at two different sites, i.e., educational (EA) and residential (RA) areas in Padang city, Indonesia were sampled by using a cascade type air sampler for 24 hours with the average flowrate 40 l/m throughout three weeks (March, 08<sup>th</sup>-25<sup>th</sup> 2018). Carbonaceous components were analyses by a carbon analyzer following the IMPROVE_TOR protocol. Average PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations in RA were higher than those in EA while being below the NAAQS of Indonesia. However, it was much higher compared to the WHO limit for 24 hours in RA. OC was the dominant fraction in TC. OC/EC ratio ranging from 2.4 to 33.0 was similar at both sites, suggesting the OC was emitted from various sources. Char-EC and soot-EC ratio were founded to be minimized for PM<sub>0.1</sub> (0.40 ± 0.27 and 0.39 ± 0.39, respectively at each site), indicating a more influence of burning of fossil fuel as vehicles exhaust and coal combustion. The transboundary influence of open biomass burning was not so significant although it cannot be ignored. </div>
