This paper examines the critical role of innovations as a driver for sustainable competitive advantages. A quadruple model of global strategy is introduced. The model is based on the introduction of an innovation-base...This paper examines the critical role of innovations as a driver for sustainable competitive advantages. A quadruple model of global strategy is introduced. The model is based on the introduction of an innovation-based perspective of strategy. This is in addition to the other three but well-known perspectives of global strategy （industry-based, resource-based, and institution-based views）. Thus, the four perspectives of strategy could lead a complete set of factors that need to be analyzed for the formulation of global strategy. The model could assist organizations in sustaining their competitive advantages. It is proposed that the introduction of the innovation-based view represents the fourth perspective of a strategy quadruple, thus overcoming a long-standing criticism, namely, the global strategy may lack adequate attention to innovation in developing a firms＇ global competitive strategies. This paper presents a set of four hypotheses. When tested, these hypotheses could result in a better understanding of the link between the innovation and the global strategy domain. Furthermore, the quadruple model could be useful in understanding the relationship between innovativeness and business performance. It is anticipated that this paper could assist researchers, business management, and analysts in developing global innovation strategies.展开更多
This paper deeply explores the application strategies of short-term cost curves in the field of economics.Firstly,it elaborates on the basic theories and constituent elements of short-term cost curves.By drawing and a...This paper deeply explores the application strategies of short-term cost curves in the field of economics.Firstly,it elaborates on the basic theories and constituent elements of short-term cost curves.By drawing and analyzing the shortterm cost curve graphs,it presents the internal relationship between costs and output.Then,it focuses on researching its application strategies in multiple aspects such as enterprise production decisions,market pricing,and industry competition analysis.展开更多
We analyzed the effects of plant sizes on nitrogen(N)uptake and use in a dense monospecific stand of an annual herb,Helianthus annuus L.(sunflower)and evaluated the consequences of intraspecific competition.Larger ind...We analyzed the effects of plant sizes on nitrogen(N)uptake and use in a dense monospecific stand of an annual herb,Helianthus annuus L.(sunflower)and evaluated the consequences of intraspecific competition.Larger individuals obtained more N disproportionately to their sizes,suggesting that the competition for soil N was asymmetric(one-sided)among individual plants in the stand.Nitrogen loss of individuals also increased with plant size.N influx was greater in larger individuals,while N efflux was lower in small individuals.Therefore,the relative rate of N increment was greater in larger individuals,while it was around zero in the smallest individuals.N use efficiency(NUE)was separated into the N productivity(NP)and the mean residence time of N(MRT).Both NP and MRT were positively related to plant size.Larger individuals showed a higher NP and a longer MRT.while smaller ones displayed the reverse pattern.Consequently,NUE(i.e.the product of NP and MRT),was higher for larger individuals.No trade-off between NP and MRT was found among individuals.N resorption efficiency(NRE)was closely related to plant size.The higher NUE at individual-level was partly a result of greater N resorption during senescence.Asymmetric competition among individuals in this stand resulted mainly from lower efficiency in both Nuptake and N use by smaller individuals.This study shows that the concept of NUE defined by Berendse and Aerts offers a powerful tool in studying plant strategies within species as well as among species.展开更多
This paper empirically examines how foreign technologies impact firms’product innovation;specifically,we consider the moderating effects of perceived political instability and informal competition.This study uses the...This paper empirically examines how foreign technologies impact firms’product innovation;specifically,we consider the moderating effects of perceived political instability and informal competition.This study uses the strategy tripod view theory to develop a novel theoretical model to explain how perceived political instability and informal competition impact the relationship between foreign technologies and product innovation.Our empirical model,which is based on survey and national-level data from thousands of firms across several emerging markets,shows that(i)low levels of perceived political instability and increased foreign technologies marginally increase the chances of introducing new products or services.(ii)Low levels of informal competition and high levels of foreign technologies marginally increase product innovation.(iii)High levels of perceived political instability and informal competition marginally reduce the likelihood of product innovation.(iv)The interaction between perceived political instability,informal competition,and foreign technologies marginally increases firms’product innovation.Other results reveal the significance of firm characteristics,activities,and managerial experiences.Some implications for practice,policy,and theory are discussed.展开更多
文摘This paper examines the critical role of innovations as a driver for sustainable competitive advantages. A quadruple model of global strategy is introduced. The model is based on the introduction of an innovation-based perspective of strategy. This is in addition to the other three but well-known perspectives of global strategy （industry-based, resource-based, and institution-based views）. Thus, the four perspectives of strategy could lead a complete set of factors that need to be analyzed for the formulation of global strategy. The model could assist organizations in sustaining their competitive advantages. It is proposed that the introduction of the innovation-based view represents the fourth perspective of a strategy quadruple, thus overcoming a long-standing criticism, namely, the global strategy may lack adequate attention to innovation in developing a firms＇ global competitive strategies. This paper presents a set of four hypotheses. When tested, these hypotheses could result in a better understanding of the link between the innovation and the global strategy domain. Furthermore, the quadruple model could be useful in understanding the relationship between innovativeness and business performance. It is anticipated that this paper could assist researchers, business management, and analysts in developing global innovation strategies.
文摘This paper deeply explores the application strategies of short-term cost curves in the field of economics.Firstly,it elaborates on the basic theories and constituent elements of short-term cost curves.By drawing and analyzing the shortterm cost curve graphs,it presents the internal relationship between costs and output.Then,it focuses on researching its application strategies in multiple aspects such as enterprise production decisions,market pricing,and industry competition analysis.
文摘We analyzed the effects of plant sizes on nitrogen(N)uptake and use in a dense monospecific stand of an annual herb,Helianthus annuus L.(sunflower)and evaluated the consequences of intraspecific competition.Larger individuals obtained more N disproportionately to their sizes,suggesting that the competition for soil N was asymmetric(one-sided)among individual plants in the stand.Nitrogen loss of individuals also increased with plant size.N influx was greater in larger individuals,while N efflux was lower in small individuals.Therefore,the relative rate of N increment was greater in larger individuals,while it was around zero in the smallest individuals.N use efficiency(NUE)was separated into the N productivity(NP)and the mean residence time of N(MRT).Both NP and MRT were positively related to plant size.Larger individuals showed a higher NP and a longer MRT.while smaller ones displayed the reverse pattern.Consequently,NUE(i.e.the product of NP and MRT),was higher for larger individuals.No trade-off between NP and MRT was found among individuals.N resorption efficiency(NRE)was closely related to plant size.The higher NUE at individual-level was partly a result of greater N resorption during senescence.Asymmetric competition among individuals in this stand resulted mainly from lower efficiency in both Nuptake and N use by smaller individuals.This study shows that the concept of NUE defined by Berendse and Aerts offers a powerful tool in studying plant strategies within species as well as among species.
文摘This paper empirically examines how foreign technologies impact firms’product innovation;specifically,we consider the moderating effects of perceived political instability and informal competition.This study uses the strategy tripod view theory to develop a novel theoretical model to explain how perceived political instability and informal competition impact the relationship between foreign technologies and product innovation.Our empirical model,which is based on survey and national-level data from thousands of firms across several emerging markets,shows that(i)low levels of perceived political instability and increased foreign technologies marginally increase the chances of introducing new products or services.(ii)Low levels of informal competition and high levels of foreign technologies marginally increase product innovation.(iii)High levels of perceived political instability and informal competition marginally reduce the likelihood of product innovation.(iv)The interaction between perceived political instability,informal competition,and foreign technologies marginally increases firms’product innovation.Other results reveal the significance of firm characteristics,activities,and managerial experiences.Some implications for practice,policy,and theory are discussed.
