Multi-messenger gravitational wave(GW)observation for binary neutron star merger events could provide a rather useful tool to explore the evolution of the Universe.In particular,for the third-generation GW detectors,i...Multi-messenger gravitational wave(GW)observation for binary neutron star merger events could provide a rather useful tool to explore the evolution of the Universe.In particular,for the third-generation GW detectors,i.e.the Einstein Telescope(ET)and the Cosmic Explorer(CE),proposed to be built in Europe and the U.S.,respectively,lots of GW standard sirens with known redshifts could be obtained,which would exert great impacts on the cosmological parameter estimation.The total neutrino mass could be measured by cosmological observations,but such a measurement is model-dependent and currently only gives an upper limit.In this work,we wish to investigate whether the GW standard sirens observed by ET and CE could help improve the constraint on the neutrino mass,in particular in the interacting dark energy(IDE)models.We find that the GW standard siren observations from ET and CE can only slightly improve the constraint on the neutrino mass in the IDE models,compared to the current limit.The improvements in the IDE models are weaker than those in the standard cosmological model.Although the limit on neutrino mass can only be slightly updated,the constraints on other cosmological parameters can be significantly improved by using the GW observations.展开更多
Taiji,a space-based gravitational-wave observatory,consists of three satellites forming an equilateral triangle with arm length of 3×10^6 km,orbiting around the Sun.Taiji is able to observe the gravitationalwave ...Taiji,a space-based gravitational-wave observatory,consists of three satellites forming an equilateral triangle with arm length of 3×10^6 km,orbiting around the Sun.Taiji is able to observe the gravitationalwave standard siren events of massive black hole binary(MBHB)merger,which is helpful in probing the expansion of the universe.In this paper,we preliminarily forecast the capability of Taiji for improving cosmological parameter estimation with the gravitational-wave standard siren data.We simulate fiveyear standard siren data based on three fiducial cosmological models and three models of MBHB’s formation and growth.It is found that the standard siren data from Taiji can effectively break the cosmological parameter degeneracies generated by the cosmic microwave background(CMB)anisotropies data,especially for dynamical dark energy models.The constraints on cosmological parameters are significantly improved by the data combination CMB+Taiji,compared to the CMB data alone.Compared to the current optical cosmological observations,Taiji can still provide help in improving the cosmological parameter estimation to some extent.In addition,we consider an ideal scenario to investigate the potential of Taiji on constraining cosmological parameters.We conclude that the standard sirens of MBHB from Taiji will become a powerful cosmological probe in the future.展开更多
LISA and Taiji are expected to form a space-based gravitational-wave(GW)detection network in the future.In this work,we make a forecast for the cosmological parameter estimation with the standard siren observation fro...LISA and Taiji are expected to form a space-based gravitational-wave(GW)detection network in the future.In this work,we make a forecast for the cosmological parameter estimation with the standard siren observation from the LISA-Taiji network.We simulate the standard siren data based on a scenario with configuration angle of 40°between LISA and Taiji.Three models for the population of massive black hole binary(MBHB),i.e.,popⅢ,Q3d,and Q3nod,are considered to predict the events of MBHB mergers.We find that,based on the LISA-Taiji network,the number of electromagnetic(EM)counterparts detected is almost doubled compared with the case of single Taiji mission.Therefore,the LISA-Taiji network’s standard siren observation could provide much tighter constraints on cosmological parameters.For example,solely using the standard sirens from the LISA-Taiji network,the constraint precision of H;could reach 1.3%.Moreover,combined with the CMB data,the GW-EM observation based on the LISA-Taiji network could also tightly constrain the equation of state of dark energy,e.g.,the constraint precision of w reaches about 4%,which is comparable with the result of CMB+BAO+SN.It is concluded that the GW standard sirens from the LISA-Taiji network will become a useful cosmological probe in understanding the nature of dark energy in the future.展开更多
The first detection of gravitational waves (GWs) produced by the binary neutron star (BNS) merger in August 17, 2017[1] is fairly meaningful because it initiated the new era of multi-messenger astronomy. In this BNS m...The first detection of gravitational waves (GWs) produced by the binary neutron star (BNS) merger in August 17, 2017[1] is fairly meaningful because it initiated the new era of multi-messenger astronomy. In this BNS merger event, we not only detected the gravitational waves.展开更多
Gravitational waves(GWs)from compact binary coalescences can be used as standard sirens to explore the cosmic expansion history.In the next decades,it is anticipated that we could obtain the multi-band GW standard sir...Gravitational waves(GWs)from compact binary coalescences can be used as standard sirens to explore the cosmic expansion history.In the next decades,it is anticipated that we could obtain the multi-band GW standard siren data(from nanohertz to a few hundred hertz),which are expected to play an important role in cosmological parameter estimation.In this work,we provide,for the first time to the best of our knowledge,joint constraints on cosmological parameters using the future multi-band GW standard siren observations.We simulate the multi-band GW standard sirens based on the SKA-era pulsar timing array(PTA),Taiji observatory,and Cosmic Explorer(CE)to perform cosmological analysis.In theΛCDM model,we find that the joint PTA+Taiji+CE data could provide a tight constraint on the Hubble constant with a 0.5%precision.Moreover,PTA+Taiji+CE could break the cosmological parameter degeneracies generated by CMB,especially in the dynamical dark energy models.When combining the PTA+Taiji+CE data with the CMB data,the constraint precisions of?_(m)and H_(0)are 1.0%and 0.3%,respectively,meeting the standard of precision cosmology.The joint CMB+PTA+Taiji+CE data giveσ(_(w))=0.028 in the wCDM model andσ(w_(0))=0.11 andσ(w_(a))=0.32 in the w_(0)w_(a)CDM model,which are comparable with or close to the latest constraint results by CMB+BAO+SN.In conclusion,the future multi-band GW observations are expected to be used for exploring the nature of dark energy and measuring the Hubble constant.展开更多
Gravitational waves(GWs) from compact binary coalescences encode the absolute luminosity distances of GW sources. Once the redshifts of GW sources are known, one can use the distance-redshift relation to constrain cos...Gravitational waves(GWs) from compact binary coalescences encode the absolute luminosity distances of GW sources. Once the redshifts of GW sources are known, one can use the distance-redshift relation to constrain cosmological parameters. One way to obtain the redshifts is to localize GW sources by GW observations and then use galaxy catalogs to determine redshifts from a statistical analysis of redshift information of the potential host galaxies, commonly referred to as the dark siren method. The third-generation(3G) GW detectors are planned to work in the 2030s and will observe numerous compact binary coalescences.Using these GW events as dark sirens requires high-quality galaxy catalogs from future sky survey projects. The China Space Station Telescope(CSST) will be launched in 2024 and will observe billions of galaxies within a 17500 deg^(2) survey area with redshift up to z ~ 4, providing photometric and spectroscopic galaxy catalogs. In this work, we simulate the CSST galaxy catalogs and the 5-year GW data from the 3G GW detectors and combine them to infer the Hubble constant(H_(0)). Our results show that the measurement precision of H0could reach the sub-percent level, meeting the standard of precision cosmology. We conclude that the synergy between CSST and the 3G GW detectors is of great significance in measuring the Hubble constant.展开更多
In the coming decades,the space-based gravitational-wave(GW)detectors such as Taiji,TianQin,and LISA are expected to form a network capable of detecting millihertz GWs emitted by the mergers of massive black hole bina...In the coming decades,the space-based gravitational-wave(GW)detectors such as Taiji,TianQin,and LISA are expected to form a network capable of detecting millihertz GWs emitted by the mergers of massive black hole binaries(MBHBs).In this work,we investigate the potential of GW standard sirens from the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network in constraining cosmological parameters.For the optimistic scenario in which electromagnetic(EM)counterparts can be detected,we predict the number of detectable bright sirens based on three different MBHB population models,i.e.,popⅢ,Q3d,and Q3nod.Our results show that the TaijiTianQin-LISA network alone could achieve a constraint precision of 0.9%for the Hubble constant,meeting the standard of precision cosmology.Moreover,the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network could effectively break the cosmological parameter degeneracies generated by the CMB data,particularly in the dynamical dark energy models.When combined with the CMB data,the joint CMB+Taiji-TianQin-LISA data offerσ(w)=0.036 in the wCDM model,which is close to the latest constraint result obtained from the CMB+SN data.We also consider a conservative scenario in which EM counterparts are not available.Due to the precise sky localizations of MBHBs by the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network,the constraint precision of the Hubble constant is expected to reach 1.2%.In conclusion,the GW standard sirens from the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network will play a critical role in helping solve the Hubble tension and shedding light on the nature of dark energy.展开更多
Gravitational wave signal from the inspiral of stellar-mass binary black hole can be used as standard sirens to perform cosmological inference.This inspiral covers a wide range of frequency bands,from the millihertz b...Gravitational wave signal from the inspiral of stellar-mass binary black hole can be used as standard sirens to perform cosmological inference.This inspiral covers a wide range of frequency bands,from the millihertz band to the audio-band,allowing for detections by both space-borne and ground-based gravitational wave detectors.In this work,we conduct a comprehensive study on the ability to constrain the Hubble constant using the dark standard sirens,or gravitational wave events that lack electromagnetic counterparts.To acquire the redshift information,we weight the galaxies within the localization error box with photometric information from several bands and use them as a proxy for the binary black hole redshift.We discover that Tian Qin is expected to constrain the Hubble constant to a precision of roughly 30%through detections of 10 gravitational wave events;in the most optimistic case,the Hubble constant can be constrained to a precision of<10%,assuming Tian Qin I+II.In the optimistic case,the multi-detector network of Tian Qin and LISA is capable of constraining the Hubble constant to within 5%precision.It is worth highlighting that the multi-band network of Tian Qin and Einstein Telescope is capable of constraining the Hubble constant to a precision of about 1%.We conclude that inferring the Hubble constant without bias from photo-z galaxy catalog is achievable,and we also demonstrate self-consistency using the P-P plot.On the other hand,high-quality spectroscopic redshift information is crucial for improving the estimation precision of Hubble constant.展开更多
Sterile neutrinos can influence the evolution of the Universe,and thus cosmological observations can be used to detect them.Future gravitational-wave(GW)observations can precisely measure absolute cosmological distanc...Sterile neutrinos can influence the evolution of the Universe,and thus cosmological observations can be used to detect them.Future gravitational-wave(GW)observations can precisely measure absolute cosmological distances,helping to break parameter degeneracies generated by traditional cosmological observations.This advancement can lead to much tighter constraints on sterile neutrino parameters.This work provides a preliminary forecast for detecting sterile neutrinos using third-generation GW detectors in combination with future shortγ-ray burst observations from a THESEUS-like telescope,an approach not previously explored in the literature.Both massless and massive sterile neutrinos are considered within theΛCDM cosmology.We find that using GW data can greatly enhance the detection capability for massless sterile neutrinos,reaching 3σlevel.For massive sterile neutrinos,GW data can also greatly assist in improving the parameter constraints,but it seems that effective detection is still not feasible.展开更多
Gravitational wave(GW)observations are expected to serve as a powerful and independent probe of the expansion history of the universe.By providing direct and calibration-free measurements of luminosity distances throu...Gravitational wave(GW)observations are expected to serve as a powerful and independent probe of the expansion history of the universe.By providing direct and calibration-free measurements of luminosity distances through waveform analysis,GWs provide a fundamentally different and potentially more robust approach to measuring cosmic-scale distances compared to traditional electromagnetic(EM)observations,which is known as the standard siren method.In this review,we present an overview of recent developments in GW standard siren cosmology,including up-to-date H_(0)constraints:the re-analysis bright siren GW170817 H_(0)=78.4_(−12.0)^(+25.7)km s^(−1)Mpc^(−1)(employing the same methodology as the O4a dark and spectral siren studies),the most recent O4a dark-siren analysis H_(0)=81.6_(−15.9)^(+21.5)km s^(−1)Mpc^(−1),and their combination H_(0)=76.6_(−9.5)^(+13.0)km s^(−1)Mpc^(−1),and prospects for constraining cosmological parameters using future GW detections(H_(0)is expected to be constrained to the sub-percent level in a 10-year observation of the third-generation GW detectors).We first introduce standard sirens based on how redshift information is obtained and outline the Bayesian framework used in cosmological parameter estimation.We then review the measurements on the Hubble constant from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network and present the potential role of future standard siren observations in cosmological parameter estimations.A central focus of this review is the unique ability of GW observations to break cosmological parameter degeneracies inherent in the EM observations.Since the cosmological parameter degeneracy directions of GW and EM observations are quite different(roughly orthogonal in some cases),their combination can significantly improve constraints on cosmological parameters.This complementarity is expected to become one of the most critical advantages for GW standard siren cosmology.We also briefly highlight the impact of systematic uncertainties,such as detector calibration,weak lensing,peculiar velocities,and host-galaxy catalog completeness,and corresponding potential mitigation strategies,which currently limit the constraint precision of cosmological parameters.Looking forward,we highlight the importance of combining GW standard sirens with other emerging late-universe cosmological probes such as fast radio bursts,21 cm intensity mapping,and strong gravitational lensing to forge a precise cosmological probe for exploring the late universe.Finally,we introduce the challenges and the role of machine learning in searching for more signals,ensuring reliable parameter inferences,and accelerating the inference process for cosmological parameters.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.11975072,11835009,11875102,and 11690021)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No.XLYC1905011)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N2005030)the National 111 Project of China(Grant No.B16009)the Science Research Grants from the China Manned Space Project(Grant No.CMS-CSST-2021-B01).
文摘Multi-messenger gravitational wave(GW)observation for binary neutron star merger events could provide a rather useful tool to explore the evolution of the Universe.In particular,for the third-generation GW detectors,i.e.the Einstein Telescope(ET)and the Cosmic Explorer(CE),proposed to be built in Europe and the U.S.,respectively,lots of GW standard sirens with known redshifts could be obtained,which would exert great impacts on the cosmological parameter estimation.The total neutrino mass could be measured by cosmological observations,but such a measurement is model-dependent and currently only gives an upper limit.In this work,we wish to investigate whether the GW standard sirens observed by ET and CE could help improve the constraint on the neutrino mass,in particular in the interacting dark energy(IDE)models.We find that the GW standard siren observations from ET and CE can only slightly improve the constraint on the neutrino mass in the IDE models,compared to the current limit.The improvements in the IDE models are weaker than those in the standard cosmological model.Although the limit on neutrino mass can only be slightly updated,the constraints on other cosmological parameters can be significantly improved by using the GW observations.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11975072,11690021,11875102,and 11835009)the National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals+1 种基金the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1905011)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2005030)。
文摘Taiji,a space-based gravitational-wave observatory,consists of three satellites forming an equilateral triangle with arm length of 3×10^6 km,orbiting around the Sun.Taiji is able to observe the gravitationalwave standard siren events of massive black hole binary(MBHB)merger,which is helpful in probing the expansion of the universe.In this paper,we preliminarily forecast the capability of Taiji for improving cosmological parameter estimation with the gravitational-wave standard siren data.We simulate fiveyear standard siren data based on three fiducial cosmological models and three models of MBHB’s formation and growth.It is found that the standard siren data from Taiji can effectively break the cosmological parameter degeneracies generated by the cosmic microwave background(CMB)anisotropies data,especially for dynamical dark energy models.The constraints on cosmological parameters are significantly improved by the data combination CMB+Taiji,compared to the CMB data alone.Compared to the current optical cosmological observations,Taiji can still provide help in improving the cosmological parameter estimation to some extent.In addition,we consider an ideal scenario to investigate the potential of Taiji on constraining cosmological parameters.We conclude that the standard sirens of MBHB from Taiji will become a powerful cosmological probe in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11975072,11835009,11875102,and 11690021)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No.XLYC1905011)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N2005030)the National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals(Grant No.W02070050)。
文摘LISA and Taiji are expected to form a space-based gravitational-wave(GW)detection network in the future.In this work,we make a forecast for the cosmological parameter estimation with the standard siren observation from the LISA-Taiji network.We simulate the standard siren data based on a scenario with configuration angle of 40°between LISA and Taiji.Three models for the population of massive black hole binary(MBHB),i.e.,popⅢ,Q3d,and Q3nod,are considered to predict the events of MBHB mergers.We find that,based on the LISA-Taiji network,the number of electromagnetic(EM)counterparts detected is almost doubled compared with the case of single Taiji mission.Therefore,the LISA-Taiji network’s standard siren observation could provide much tighter constraints on cosmological parameters.For example,solely using the standard sirens from the LISA-Taiji network,the constraint precision of H;could reach 1.3%.Moreover,combined with the CMB data,the GW-EM observation based on the LISA-Taiji network could also tightly constrain the equation of state of dark energy,e.g.,the constraint precision of w reaches about 4%,which is comparable with the result of CMB+BAO+SN.It is concluded that the GW standard sirens from the LISA-Taiji network will become a useful cosmological probe in understanding the nature of dark energy in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11835009,11690021,and 11522540)the National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals
文摘The first detection of gravitational waves (GWs) produced by the binary neutron star (BNS) merger in August 17, 2017[1] is fairly meaningful because it initiated the new era of multi-messenger astronomy. In this BNS merger event, we not only detected the gravitational waves.
基金Supported by the National SKA Program of China(2022SKA0110200,2022SKA0110203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11975072,11875102,11835009)。
文摘Gravitational waves(GWs)from compact binary coalescences can be used as standard sirens to explore the cosmic expansion history.In the next decades,it is anticipated that we could obtain the multi-band GW standard siren data(from nanohertz to a few hundred hertz),which are expected to play an important role in cosmological parameter estimation.In this work,we provide,for the first time to the best of our knowledge,joint constraints on cosmological parameters using the future multi-band GW standard siren observations.We simulate the multi-band GW standard sirens based on the SKA-era pulsar timing array(PTA),Taiji observatory,and Cosmic Explorer(CE)to perform cosmological analysis.In theΛCDM model,we find that the joint PTA+Taiji+CE data could provide a tight constraint on the Hubble constant with a 0.5%precision.Moreover,PTA+Taiji+CE could break the cosmological parameter degeneracies generated by CMB,especially in the dynamical dark energy models.When combining the PTA+Taiji+CE data with the CMB data,the constraint precisions of?_(m)and H_(0)are 1.0%and 0.3%,respectively,meeting the standard of precision cosmology.The joint CMB+PTA+Taiji+CE data giveσ(_(w))=0.028 in the wCDM model andσ(w_(0))=0.11 andσ(w_(a))=0.32 in the w_(0)w_(a)CDM model,which are comparable with or close to the latest constraint results by CMB+BAO+SN.In conclusion,the future multi-band GW observations are expected to be used for exploring the nature of dark energy and measuring the Hubble constant.
基金supported by the National SKA Program of China (Grant Nos.2022SKA0110200, and 2022SKA0110203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11975072, 11875102, and 11835009)+1 种基金the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project (Grant No. CMS-CSST-2021-B01)the 111 Project (Grant No. B16009)。
文摘Gravitational waves(GWs) from compact binary coalescences encode the absolute luminosity distances of GW sources. Once the redshifts of GW sources are known, one can use the distance-redshift relation to constrain cosmological parameters. One way to obtain the redshifts is to localize GW sources by GW observations and then use galaxy catalogs to determine redshifts from a statistical analysis of redshift information of the potential host galaxies, commonly referred to as the dark siren method. The third-generation(3G) GW detectors are planned to work in the 2030s and will observe numerous compact binary coalescences.Using these GW events as dark sirens requires high-quality galaxy catalogs from future sky survey projects. The China Space Station Telescope(CSST) will be launched in 2024 and will observe billions of galaxies within a 17500 deg^(2) survey area with redshift up to z ~ 4, providing photometric and spectroscopic galaxy catalogs. In this work, we simulate the CSST galaxy catalogs and the 5-year GW data from the 3G GW detectors and combine them to infer the Hubble constant(H_(0)). Our results show that the measurement precision of H0could reach the sub-percent level, meeting the standard of precision cosmology. We conclude that the synergy between CSST and the 3G GW detectors is of great significance in measuring the Hubble constant.
基金supported by the National SKA Program of China(Grant Nos.2022SKA0110200,and 2022SKA0110203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11975072,11875102,and 11835009)+1 种基金the National 111 Project(Grant No.B16009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N232410019)。
文摘In the coming decades,the space-based gravitational-wave(GW)detectors such as Taiji,TianQin,and LISA are expected to form a network capable of detecting millihertz GWs emitted by the mergers of massive black hole binaries(MBHBs).In this work,we investigate the potential of GW standard sirens from the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network in constraining cosmological parameters.For the optimistic scenario in which electromagnetic(EM)counterparts can be detected,we predict the number of detectable bright sirens based on three different MBHB population models,i.e.,popⅢ,Q3d,and Q3nod.Our results show that the TaijiTianQin-LISA network alone could achieve a constraint precision of 0.9%for the Hubble constant,meeting the standard of precision cosmology.Moreover,the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network could effectively break the cosmological parameter degeneracies generated by the CMB data,particularly in the dynamical dark energy models.When combined with the CMB data,the joint CMB+Taiji-TianQin-LISA data offerσ(w)=0.036 in the wCDM model,which is close to the latest constraint result obtained from the CMB+SN data.We also consider a conservative scenario in which EM counterparts are not available.Due to the precise sky localizations of MBHBs by the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network,the constraint precision of the Hubble constant is expected to reach 1.2%.In conclusion,the GW standard sirens from the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network will play a critical role in helping solve the Hubble tension and shedding light on the nature of dark energy.
基金supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(Grant No.2019B030302001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12173104,11805286,and 11690022)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC2201400)。
文摘Gravitational wave signal from the inspiral of stellar-mass binary black hole can be used as standard sirens to perform cosmological inference.This inspiral covers a wide range of frequency bands,from the millihertz band to the audio-band,allowing for detections by both space-borne and ground-based gravitational wave detectors.In this work,we conduct a comprehensive study on the ability to constrain the Hubble constant using the dark standard sirens,or gravitational wave events that lack electromagnetic counterparts.To acquire the redshift information,we weight the galaxies within the localization error box with photometric information from several bands and use them as a proxy for the binary black hole redshift.We discover that Tian Qin is expected to constrain the Hubble constant to a precision of roughly 30%through detections of 10 gravitational wave events;in the most optimistic case,the Hubble constant can be constrained to a precision of<10%,assuming Tian Qin I+II.In the optimistic case,the multi-detector network of Tian Qin and LISA is capable of constraining the Hubble constant to within 5%precision.It is worth highlighting that the multi-band network of Tian Qin and Einstein Telescope is capable of constraining the Hubble constant to a precision of about 1%.We conclude that inferring the Hubble constant without bias from photo-z galaxy catalog is achievable,and we also demonstrate self-consistency using the P-P plot.On the other hand,high-quality spectroscopic redshift information is crucial for improving the estimation precision of Hubble constant.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12305069,11947022,12473001,11975072,11875102,and 11835009the National SKA Program of China under Grants Nos.2022SKA0110200 and 2022SKA0110203+1 种基金the Program of the Education Department of Liaoning Province under Grant No.JYTMS20231695the National 111 Project under Grant No.B16009。
文摘Sterile neutrinos can influence the evolution of the Universe,and thus cosmological observations can be used to detect them.Future gravitational-wave(GW)observations can precisely measure absolute cosmological distances,helping to break parameter degeneracies generated by traditional cosmological observations.This advancement can lead to much tighter constraints on sterile neutrino parameters.This work provides a preliminary forecast for detecting sterile neutrinos using third-generation GW detectors in combination with future shortγ-ray burst observations from a THESEUS-like telescope,an approach not previously explored in the literature.Both massless and massive sterile neutrinos are considered within theΛCDM cosmology.We find that using GW data can greatly enhance the detection capability for massless sterile neutrinos,reaching 3σlevel.For massive sterile neutrinos,GW data can also greatly assist in improving the parameter constraints,but it seems that effective detection is still not feasible.
基金supported by the National SKA Program of China(Grant Nos.2022SKA0110200 and 2022SKA0110203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12533001,12575049,12473001,and 12305058)+2 种基金the China Manned Space Program(Grant No.CMS-CSST2025-A02)the 111 Project(Grant No.B16009)the China Scholarship Council,and JST ASPIRE Program of Japan(Grant No.JPMJAP2320).We thank Yue-Yan Dong,Yue Shao,Geng-Chen Wang,Tian-Nuo Li,and Tao Han for helpful discussions.
文摘Gravitational wave(GW)observations are expected to serve as a powerful and independent probe of the expansion history of the universe.By providing direct and calibration-free measurements of luminosity distances through waveform analysis,GWs provide a fundamentally different and potentially more robust approach to measuring cosmic-scale distances compared to traditional electromagnetic(EM)observations,which is known as the standard siren method.In this review,we present an overview of recent developments in GW standard siren cosmology,including up-to-date H_(0)constraints:the re-analysis bright siren GW170817 H_(0)=78.4_(−12.0)^(+25.7)km s^(−1)Mpc^(−1)(employing the same methodology as the O4a dark and spectral siren studies),the most recent O4a dark-siren analysis H_(0)=81.6_(−15.9)^(+21.5)km s^(−1)Mpc^(−1),and their combination H_(0)=76.6_(−9.5)^(+13.0)km s^(−1)Mpc^(−1),and prospects for constraining cosmological parameters using future GW detections(H_(0)is expected to be constrained to the sub-percent level in a 10-year observation of the third-generation GW detectors).We first introduce standard sirens based on how redshift information is obtained and outline the Bayesian framework used in cosmological parameter estimation.We then review the measurements on the Hubble constant from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network and present the potential role of future standard siren observations in cosmological parameter estimations.A central focus of this review is the unique ability of GW observations to break cosmological parameter degeneracies inherent in the EM observations.Since the cosmological parameter degeneracy directions of GW and EM observations are quite different(roughly orthogonal in some cases),their combination can significantly improve constraints on cosmological parameters.This complementarity is expected to become one of the most critical advantages for GW standard siren cosmology.We also briefly highlight the impact of systematic uncertainties,such as detector calibration,weak lensing,peculiar velocities,and host-galaxy catalog completeness,and corresponding potential mitigation strategies,which currently limit the constraint precision of cosmological parameters.Looking forward,we highlight the importance of combining GW standard sirens with other emerging late-universe cosmological probes such as fast radio bursts,21 cm intensity mapping,and strong gravitational lensing to forge a precise cosmological probe for exploring the late universe.Finally,we introduce the challenges and the role of machine learning in searching for more signals,ensuring reliable parameter inferences,and accelerating the inference process for cosmological parameters.
