Sini Decoction(SNT)is a traditional formula recognized for its efficacy in warming the spleen and stomach and dispersing cold.However,elucidating the mechanism of action of SNT remains challenging due to its complex m...Sini Decoction(SNT)is a traditional formula recognized for its efficacy in warming the spleen and stomach and dispersing cold.However,elucidating the mechanism of action of SNT remains challenging due to its complex multiple components.This study utilized a synergistic approach combining two-dimensional fluorescence difference in gel electrophoresis(2D-DIGE)-based drug affinity responsive target stability(DARTS)with label-free quantitative proteomics techniques to identify the direct and indirect protein targets of SNT in myocardial infarction.The analysis identified 590 proteins,with 30 proteins showing significant upregulation and 51 proteins showing downregulation when comparing the SNT group with the model group.Through the integration of 2D-DIGE DARTS with proteomics data and pharmacological assessments,the findings indicate that protein disulfide-isomerase A3(PDIA3)may serve as a potential protein target through which SNT provides protective effects on myocardial cells during myocardial infarction.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism by which Sini decoction(四逆汤,SND)improves renal fibrosis(Rf)in rats based on transforming growth factor β1/Smad(TGF-β1/Smad)signaling pathway.METHODS:Network pharmacology was...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism by which Sini decoction(四逆汤,SND)improves renal fibrosis(Rf)in rats based on transforming growth factor β1/Smad(TGF-β1/Smad)signaling pathway.METHODS:Network pharmacology was applied to obtain potentially involved signaling pathways in SND's improving effects on Rf.The targets of SND drug components and the targets of Rf were obtained by searching databases,such as the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCSMP)and GeenCard.The intersection targets of two searches were obtained and underwent signaling pathway analysis using a Venn diagram.Then experimental pharmacology was utilized to prove and investigate the effects of SND on target proteins in the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.The Rf rat model was established by unilateral ureteral occlusion(UUO).The expression levels of transforming growth factor,matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),matrix metal protease-2(MMP-2),connective tissue growth factor(CTGF),and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1)were determined by Masson staining of rat renal tissue,and immunohistochemical methods.The expression levels of Smad3,Smad2,and Smad7 in renal tissue were determined by Western blotting(WB).The mechanism of the improving effects of SND on Rf was investigated based on TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.RESULTS:A total of 12 drug components of Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata),5 drug components of Ganjiang(Rhizoma Zingiber),and 9 drug components of Gancao(Radix Glycy et Rhizoma)were obtained from the database search,and 207 shared targets were found.A total of 1063 Rf targets were found in the database search.According to the Venn diagram,in total,96 intersection targets were found in two database searches.The metabolic pathways involved included TGF-β signaling pathway,phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/serine-threonine protein kinase signaling(PI3K/Akt)pathway,and hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1)signaling pathway.Masson staining analysis showed that compared with the model group,the renal interstitial collagen deposition levels in the SSN and SND groups were significantly lower(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical analysis,compared with the control group,the positive cell area expression levels of MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-1 in the kidney tissue of the model group were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the positive cell area expression levels of CTGF and TGF-β1 were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the positive cell area expression levels of MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-1 in the kidney tissue of the SSN and SND groups were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the positive cell area expression levels of CTGF and TGF-β1 in the kidney tissue were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).WB results showed that the SSN group and the SND group could reduce the expression of Smad2 and Smad3(P<0.05)and increase the expression of Smad7(P<0.05).展开更多
Sini Powder(SP), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, has long been used to treat depression in patients, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that rats treated w...Sini Powder(SP), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, has long been used to treat depression in patients, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that rats treated with SP extract for 7 days showed a significant increase in swimming time and reduction in immobility time in forced swimming test in a dose-dependent manner, without changes in locomotion. These effects could be attributed to SP's modulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, because a single pretreatment of SP extract could rescue increased serum corticosterone and plasma adrenocorticotropin levels induced by acute elevated platform stress. A single pretreatment of SP extract could also elevate the m RNA expression of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors. In conclusion, our results suggest that SP extract may act as an anti-stress medication to produce antidepressant-like effects.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Sini powder for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in rats and the molecular mechanisms involved.METHODS: A rat model of stress-induced NAFLD was esta...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Sini powder for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in rats and the molecular mechanisms involved.METHODS: A rat model of stress-induced NAFLD was established by a combination of long-term tethering and feeding of a high-fat, high-calorie diet. These rats were then intragastrically administered with either simvastatin, Sini powder, or vehicle for 1 week. The body mass and field test scores for each group were recorded weekly. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, and triglyceride, total cholesterol,and free fatty acid concentrations were measured.Liver tissue histopathology was examined on hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin sections and oil red O-stained frozen sections. The hepatic m RNA expression of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD(ASC), and caspase-1 were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The hepatic protein concentrations of NF-κB and NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), and the serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: Compared with the Blank group, rats in the Compound model group showed significant pathologic manifestations of NAFLD, and the expression of NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1βand IL-6 were significantly higher(all P < 0.01). Both simvastatin and Sini powder significantly ameliorated the NAFLD pathology and the abnormal expression of NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-6(all P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Sini powder inhibits the inflamma-tory response in rats with NAFLD, which is mediated by NF-κB/NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-6, reduces the effects of psychological stress, and improves lipid metabolism. Therefore, Sini powder may be effective for the treatment of stress-related NAFLD through multiple mechanisms.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the effects and safety of Sini decoction as an adjuvant therapy for patients with angina pectoris.METHODS: We searched Pub Med, Excerpt Medica Database, the Cochrane library, Wanfan...OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the effects and safety of Sini decoction as an adjuvant therapy for patients with angina pectoris.METHODS: We searched Pub Med, Excerpt Medica Database, the Cochrane library, Wanfang Database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database from the date of its inception until August 1, in2014. Available literatures were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers finished data extraction, checked the data and assessed the methodological quality of studies, independently.The Review Manage Software 5.1.0 was used for data analysis.RESULTS: Six trials involving 453 participants were eligible. None of the trials reported the mortality due to angina pectoris. The secondary outcomes showed that Sini decoction, together with nitroglycerin when necessary, may have some effects on reducing the number of angina attacks and the amount of nitroglycerin. But in terms of reducing the duration of angina and improvement of electrocardiogram, there were no statistical differences between Sini decoction group and isosorbide dinitrate group. Only one reported that no adverse events were found.CONCLUSION: Based on this systematic review, Sini decoction can reduce the dosage of nitroglycerin, when compared with isosorbide dinitrate group.And there were no enough evidence in the papers to draw any conclusions for the safety of Sini decoction.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the Sini San at different doses on each sleeping state[slow-wave sleep 1(SWS1), slow-wave sleep 2(SWS2), rapid-eye-movement(REM), wakefulness(W)] in insomnia rats and to identi...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the Sini San at different doses on each sleeping state[slow-wave sleep 1(SWS1), slow-wave sleep 2(SWS2), rapid-eye-movement(REM), wakefulness(W)] in insomnia rats and to identify its mode of ac-tion for improving sleep.METHODS: The insomnia rats were randomly divided into a high-, medium- or low-dose group of Sini San(equal to crude drug 8.8, 4.4, or 2.2 g/kg, respectively) for seven consecutive days.RESULTS: Compared with pre-administration,SWS2 was significantly increased after administration of the low dose. Compared with pre-administration, W was significantly decreased and SWS1,SWS2, and the total sleeping time(TST) were markedly increased after administration of the medium dose. Compared with pre-administration, W was significantly decreased and SWS1, SWS2, rapid-eye-movement sleep, and TST were significantly longer after administration of the high dose. The effects of Sini San on sleep-wake cycle are dose-dependent.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that Sini San extends SWS1 and SWS2, which increases the total sleeping time.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sedative and hypnotic activity of paeoniflorin and freeze-dried Sini San powder on mice and provide a reliable method for determining the pharmacodynamic material basis of Sini San.METHOD...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sedative and hypnotic activity of paeoniflorin and freeze-dried Sini San powder on mice and provide a reliable method for determining the pharmacodynamic material basis of Sini San.METHODS: Male adult mice weighing 20-22 g were used in this study. Three experiments were carried out. Synergism with pentobarbital was used as an index for hypnotic effect. Loss of the righting reflex was used to determine the start of sleep.Sleep latency and sleeping time were recorded in each experiment.RESULTS: The coefficient of variation of the suprathreshold dose(55 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of the threshold dose. The sleep latency of mice was significantly decreased, and the sleeping time of mice was significantly prolonged. The effects of paeoniflorin and Sini San on prolonging the sleeping time of mice induced by pentobarbital sodium were significantly stronger than those in the control group.CONCLUSION: Paeoniflorin produces significant sedative and hypnotic effects, and there is an obvious dose-effect relationship.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To show whether Danggui Sini plus Wuzhuyu Shengjiang Tang(DSWST) has any transient effect on erythrocyte deformability in normal subjects.METHODS: A total of 25 subjects [mean age(27.8± 1.8) years] was...OBJECTIVE: To show whether Danggui Sini plus Wuzhuyu Shengjiang Tang(DSWST) has any transient effect on erythrocyte deformability in normal subjects.METHODS: A total of 25 subjects [mean age(27.8± 1.8) years] was enrolled in this study. The study was designed as a cross-over trial in which the subjects took part for 2 d. On the first day, blood samples were collected at baseline and 1-2 h after administration of water, whereas, on the second day, instead of water, the subjects were administered DSWST after the baseline blood sampling. The blood samples collected at baseline and after the administration water or DSWST, were examined for erythrocyte deformability.RESULTS: The elongation index increased significantly after 2 h(P = 0.009) compared to the baseline after DSWST intake. However, after water intake, there was no significant differenceobserved. When comparing the percent change of erythrocyte deformability between DSWST and water, we found that after 2 h of administration,DSWST improved erythrocyte deformability significantly compared to water(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: DSWST has a transient effect on erythrocyte deformability in normal subjects.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Sini decoction on rats with myocardial fibrosis induced by banding the abdominal aorta, and explore the mechanism underlying its actions on angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ), transforming ...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Sini decoction on rats with myocardial fibrosis induced by banding the abdominal aorta, and explore the mechanism underlying its actions on angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ), transforming growth factor-β_1(TGF-β_1)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF).METHODS: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model, Captopril, and Sini decoction groups. The models were established by the partial banding of the abdominal aorta according to Doering's method.Eight weeks later, heart weight indexes were calculated; hemodynamic changes of the hearts were tested; changes in myocardial tissue morphology were observed by Masson staining; and myocardial collagen volume fraction was calculated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the concentration of Ang Ⅱ in serum. The expression of TGF-β_1 and CTGF were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group, the heart weight index, collagen volume fraction of the myocardium, serum levels of Ang Ⅱ,and the expression of myocardial TGF-β_1 and CTGF in the model group were significantly increased(P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the heart weight index, collagen volume fraction of the myocardium, serum levels of Ang Ⅱ, and the expression of myocardial TGF-β_1 and CTGF in all treatment groups were significantly reduced(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Sini decoction reduced AngⅡ level and inhibited the expression of myocardial TGF-β_1 and CTGF, which may explain the mechanism of its protective effect on myocardium with fibrosis.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Sini San and fluoxetine on the levels of central and peripheral 5-HT in a rat model of depression, and provide new insight into the treatment of depression with integrated Chin...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Sini San and fluoxetine on the levels of central and peripheral 5-HT in a rat model of depression, and provide new insight into the treatment of depression with integrated Chinese-Western Medicine.METHODS: A rat model of depression was established by chronic mild stress(CMS). Model rats received either Sini San, fluoxetine, a combination of the two drugs, or no drug treatment. Healthy naive rats were used as controls. Open field and sucrose preference tests were used to assess depression-like behavior. ELISA and immunohistochemistry were used to determine central and peripheral levels of 5-HT.RESULTS: In the group with no drug treatment,central 5-HT expression decreased while peripheral5-HT concentrations increased as CMS continued.Four weeks after CMS, Sini San alone was less effective in reducing depression-like behavior than fluoxetine alone or in combination with Sini San,but combined use was more effective than fluoxetine alone. Eight weeks after CMS, Sini San alone or in combination with fluoxetine was more effective in reducing depression-like behavior than fluoxetine alone. Furthermore Sini San and fluoxetine used alone or in combination notably increased central 5-HT expression and decreased peripheral 5-HT levels in the rat model.CONCLUSION:The results of the present study indicate that there is a synergistic action between the two medicines in the treatment of depression. Sini San exhibited a relatively long lag before its effects were observed; however, by eight weeks the Traditional Chinese Medicine appeared at least as effective as fluoxetine. We suggest that Sini San can replace fluoxetine in the later stages of depression treatment to minimize side effects observed with long-term fluoxetine administration.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic changes and relationship of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and apoptosis in endotoxin shock rats, as well as the effects of Sini injection. METHODS: In total, 102 Sprague-...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic changes and relationship of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and apoptosis in endotoxin shock rats, as well as the effects of Sini injection. METHODS: In total, 102 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group (n=6, NG), sham operation group (n=24, OG), model group (n=24, MG), dexamethasone group (n=24, DG), and Sini group (n=24, SG). The endotoxin shock model was induced by an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (8 mg/kg). Rats in the OG, MG, DG, and SG groups were further divided into 4 groups: 1, 2, 3 and 6 h after shock groups (n=6 per group). iNOS expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Mediated Deoxyuridine Triphosphate-biotin Nick End Labeling was employed to measure apoptosis. RESULTS: No iNOS expression was found in the OG group. Compared with the OG group, iNOS expres-sion in the MG group was markedly elevated, reached a peak at 1 h (P<0.01), decreased at 2 and 3 h, and rebounded at 6 h. Compared with the MG group, iNOS expression decreased significantly in both the DG (P<0.05) and SG (P<0.01) groups at 6 h. Thenumberofapoptoticcellsin the MG group was markedly increased than that in the NG and OG (P<0.01) groups, and reached a peak at 6 h. The number of apoptotic cells in the DG group at 1 and 2 h (P<0.01) and SG group at 2, 3 and 6 h (P<0.01) decreased when compared with the MG group. CONCLUSION: Sini injection can significantly inhibit NO generation, which decreases apoptosis and subsequently protects the brain from endotoxic shock.展开更多
BACKGROUND Allergic cutaneous vasculitis(ACV)is a difficult disease to treat.At present,there is no effective treatment for this condition.Traditionally,immunosuppressants and hormones have been primarily used in its ...BACKGROUND Allergic cutaneous vasculitis(ACV)is a difficult disease to treat.At present,there is no effective treatment for this condition.Traditionally,immunosuppressants and hormones have been primarily used in its management,but the treatment effect is suboptimal,and it has several side effects.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 19-year-old woman who presented at our hospital with a four-year history of symmetric skin lesions mainly affecting her lower extremities.She had previously undergone treatment with prednisolone acetate,cetirizine hydrochloride,and loratadine tablets but had not experienced any relief in her condition.Thereafter,she was treated with oral traditional Chinese medicine.Her skin damage gradually improved within two months of treatment initiation.After six months,the skin ulcers had completely subsided.No evidence of skin ulcer recurrence was observed during the subsequent follow-up.This report presents the first case of a female patient who received oral Danggui Sini decoction for the treatment of ACV.CONCLUSION Danggui Sini decoction may be a promising oral treatment for ACV patients.展开更多
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease damaging face,and the incidence of acne vulgaris is increasing year by year in China.Acne falls into the category of pimple in traditional Chinese medicine,and ther...Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease damaging face,and the incidence of acne vulgaris is increasing year by year in China.Acne falls into the category of pimple in traditional Chinese medicine,and there are many dialectical understandings of acne in modern traditional Chinese medicine.Dr.He Aijuan has a unique diagnosis and treatment thinking in treating acne vulgaris(liver stagnation and spleen deficiency type)with traditional Chinese medicine in her clinical work for many years.Her application of Danggui Shaoyao Powder combined with Sini Powder has a remarkable effect in the clinical treatment process,so a clinical medical case is selected for discussion.展开更多
Objective:Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking,we want to explore the pharmacological effects and mechanism of Danggui Sini Decoction in the treatment of lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans.Meth...Objective:Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking,we want to explore the pharmacological effects and mechanism of Danggui Sini Decoction in the treatment of lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans.Methods:Using TCMSP database to search the main active components of Danggui Sini Decoction(当归四逆汤,DSD)and their related targets,Cytoscape3.8.1 software was used to construct a"component-disease-target"interaction network.Meanwhile,DAVID database was used to enrich the key target genes with GO and KEGG functions.And we used Auto Dock Tools 1.5.6 for molecular docking.Results:A total of 45 candidate active molecules and 250 potential target proteins related to ASO were screened.Key genes such as TNF,IL6,VEGFA,MMP9,IL1B,CCL2,CXCL8,ICAM1,VCAM1,and IL10 are mainly through TNF signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction,Toll-like receptor signaling pathway,NF-kappa B signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway and other biological pathways exert their effects.The results of molecular docking showed that 5UUI-sesamin,5UUI-paeoniflorin,4XCT-sesamin,and 4XCT-sesamin have extremely strong binding ability.Conclusion:Danggui Sini Decoction(当归四逆汤,DSD)can synergistically exert pharmacological effects through multiple components,multiple targets,and multiple pathways.On the basis of regulating immunity and inhibiting smooth muscle proliferation,it can prevent the occurrence and development of ASO.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of Sini Decoction plus Ginseng on COVID-19 based on network pharmacological analysis.Methods:TCMSP platform was used to search the compounds of Sini Decoction plus Ginseng with oral bio...Objective:To explore the effect of Sini Decoction plus Ginseng on COVID-19 based on network pharmacological analysis.Methods:TCMSP platform was used to search the compounds of Sini Decoction plus Ginseng with oral bioavailability(OB)≥30%and drug-likeness(DL)≥0.18,and the results were input into the UniProt database and converted into standard target names;Genecards and OMIM database were used to find COVID-19 target,and the intersection targets were obtained and Venn diagram was drawn.Cytoscape 3.7.2 was applied to make the network diagram of composition-disease-target;The interaction database platform-String was used to analyze the target protein interaction,and the data were input into the software of Cytoscape 3.7.2 to make the network diagram;David database was used to analyze the accumulation of Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathways of drug-disease intersection targets.The component target pathway network was constructed by using Cytoscape 3.7.2.Results:Altogether,112 active components of Sini Decoction plus Ginseng were screened,corresponding to 234 targets.Besides,261 COVID-19 targets were obtained after screening,and the Venn map showed that 50 targets were intersected.Quercetin,kaempferol,naringenin,andβ-sitosterol were found to have higher moderate values shown by the component-disease-target network.The target proteins with high PPI network analysis value were IL-6,MAPK8,MAPK3,MAPK1,TP53,TNF,and CASP3.GO enrichment function analysis showed that 341 biological processes,33 cell components,and 50 molecular functions were involved,which showed inflammatory reaction,cell response to lipopolysaccharide,exogenous apoptosis signal pathway,positive regulation of RNA polymeraseⅡpromoter transcription,cytokine activity,chemokine activity,heme binding,and other biological processes.KEGG signaling pathway enrichment function analysisshowed that there were 112 signaling pathways.It included TNF signaling pathway,tuberculosis,influenza A,PI3K Akt signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.According to the component-target-pathway network diagram,quercetin,kaempferol,naringenin,andβ-sitosterol in Sini Decoction plus Ginseng may act on IL-6,MAPK8,MAPK3,MAPK1,TP53,TNF,CASP3,and other targets through TNF signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,Tolllike receptor signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,and HIF-1 signaling pathway.Conclusion:Sini Decoction plus Ginseng can affect COVID-19 through multiple active components,multiple targets,and multiple pathways.展开更多
Sini decoction originated from Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases(200-210 C.E.)in the Eastern Han Dynasty.It is a traditional and famous prescription in China.Its preparations...Sini decoction originated from Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases(200-210 C.E.)in the Eastern Han Dynasty.It is a traditional and famous prescription in China.Its preparations mainly include Sini decoction,Sini decoction drop pills and Sini decoction suppositories.The main chemical components are diterpenoid alkaloids,gingerol,volatile oil,coumarin,polysaccharide,triterpene saponins,flavonoids,amino acids,and alkaloids.This product has a cardiovascular function,anti-shock,anti-diabetes complications,anti-tumor,anti-atherosclerosis,and effects on the nervous system.Modern clinical practice is widely used in cardiovascular,respiratory,digestive,neurological and gynecological diseases.This paper reviews the pharmaceutical research,pharmacological effects,safety evaluation and clinical application of Sini decoction,including the source and composition of Sini decoction,the origin and resource status of authentic medicinal materials of Sini decoction,the research on preparation form reform,chemical composition and quality control,to provide a reference for further research and clinical promotion of Sini decoction.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82073814,82122066,and 82104328)the"Dawn"Program of the Shanghai Education Commission(No.22SG34)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of China(No.2022YFC2704603)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.20YF1458900).
文摘Sini Decoction(SNT)is a traditional formula recognized for its efficacy in warming the spleen and stomach and dispersing cold.However,elucidating the mechanism of action of SNT remains challenging due to its complex multiple components.This study utilized a synergistic approach combining two-dimensional fluorescence difference in gel electrophoresis(2D-DIGE)-based drug affinity responsive target stability(DARTS)with label-free quantitative proteomics techniques to identify the direct and indirect protein targets of SNT in myocardial infarction.The analysis identified 590 proteins,with 30 proteins showing significant upregulation and 51 proteins showing downregulation when comparing the SNT group with the model group.Through the integration of 2D-DIGE DARTS with proteomics data and pharmacological assessments,the findings indicate that protein disulfide-isomerase A3(PDIA3)may serve as a potential protein target through which SNT provides protective effects on myocardial cells during myocardial infarction.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China:General Program:Research on the Protective Effect of Component Wu Sini Decoction on Hypothyroidism and Kidney Injury and Its Mechanism of Action(No.81373546)Study on the Protective Effect and Mechanism of Wu Sini decoction on Renal Fibrosis(No.2016021165)+1 种基金Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology Discipline Construction Project(No.2023XKJS-25)Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine Pharmacy Discipline Construction Project(No.2023XKJS-26)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism by which Sini decoction(四逆汤,SND)improves renal fibrosis(Rf)in rats based on transforming growth factor β1/Smad(TGF-β1/Smad)signaling pathway.METHODS:Network pharmacology was applied to obtain potentially involved signaling pathways in SND's improving effects on Rf.The targets of SND drug components and the targets of Rf were obtained by searching databases,such as the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCSMP)and GeenCard.The intersection targets of two searches were obtained and underwent signaling pathway analysis using a Venn diagram.Then experimental pharmacology was utilized to prove and investigate the effects of SND on target proteins in the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.The Rf rat model was established by unilateral ureteral occlusion(UUO).The expression levels of transforming growth factor,matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),matrix metal protease-2(MMP-2),connective tissue growth factor(CTGF),and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1)were determined by Masson staining of rat renal tissue,and immunohistochemical methods.The expression levels of Smad3,Smad2,and Smad7 in renal tissue were determined by Western blotting(WB).The mechanism of the improving effects of SND on Rf was investigated based on TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.RESULTS:A total of 12 drug components of Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata),5 drug components of Ganjiang(Rhizoma Zingiber),and 9 drug components of Gancao(Radix Glycy et Rhizoma)were obtained from the database search,and 207 shared targets were found.A total of 1063 Rf targets were found in the database search.According to the Venn diagram,in total,96 intersection targets were found in two database searches.The metabolic pathways involved included TGF-β signaling pathway,phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/serine-threonine protein kinase signaling(PI3K/Akt)pathway,and hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1)signaling pathway.Masson staining analysis showed that compared with the model group,the renal interstitial collagen deposition levels in the SSN and SND groups were significantly lower(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical analysis,compared with the control group,the positive cell area expression levels of MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-1 in the kidney tissue of the model group were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the positive cell area expression levels of CTGF and TGF-β1 were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the positive cell area expression levels of MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-1 in the kidney tissue of the SSN and SND groups were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the positive cell area expression levels of CTGF and TGF-β1 in the kidney tissue were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).WB results showed that the SSN group and the SND group could reduce the expression of Smad2 and Smad3(P<0.05)and increase the expression of Smad7(P<0.05).
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program funded by Ministry of Science and Technology of People’s Republic of China(No.2011CB505100)
文摘Sini Powder(SP), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, has long been used to treat depression in patients, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that rats treated with SP extract for 7 days showed a significant increase in swimming time and reduction in immobility time in forced swimming test in a dose-dependent manner, without changes in locomotion. These effects could be attributed to SP's modulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, because a single pretreatment of SP extract could rescue increased serum corticosterone and plasma adrenocorticotropin levels induced by acute elevated platform stress. A single pretreatment of SP extract could also elevate the m RNA expression of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors. In conclusion, our results suggest that SP extract may act as an anti-stress medication to produce antidepressant-like effects.
基金Supported by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81774122):Exploring the Role of Psychological Stress in the Pathogenesis of NASH and the Intervention Mechanism of Sini Powder from the"NLRP3/IL-1β"Signaling Pathway and the Young and Middle-aged Teachers Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(No.2017-JYB-JS-002)Psychological Stress Induced by GC/NLRP3 Pathway in Molecular Mechanism of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Treatment Mechanism of Chaihu Jiangzhi Decoction。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Sini powder for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in rats and the molecular mechanisms involved.METHODS: A rat model of stress-induced NAFLD was established by a combination of long-term tethering and feeding of a high-fat, high-calorie diet. These rats were then intragastrically administered with either simvastatin, Sini powder, or vehicle for 1 week. The body mass and field test scores for each group were recorded weekly. Serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, and triglyceride, total cholesterol,and free fatty acid concentrations were measured.Liver tissue histopathology was examined on hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin sections and oil red O-stained frozen sections. The hepatic m RNA expression of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD(ASC), and caspase-1 were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The hepatic protein concentrations of NF-κB and NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), and the serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: Compared with the Blank group, rats in the Compound model group showed significant pathologic manifestations of NAFLD, and the expression of NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1βand IL-6 were significantly higher(all P < 0.01). Both simvastatin and Sini powder significantly ameliorated the NAFLD pathology and the abnormal expression of NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-6(all P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Sini powder inhibits the inflamma-tory response in rats with NAFLD, which is mediated by NF-κB/NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-6, reduces the effects of psychological stress, and improves lipid metabolism. Therefore, Sini powder may be effective for the treatment of stress-related NAFLD through multiple mechanisms.
基金National Science and Technology Major Projects for Major New Drugs Innovation and Development,Key Technology Research on Clinical Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Herbal Medicines(No.2009ZX09502-029)National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation of China(No.2013CB531704)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the effects and safety of Sini decoction as an adjuvant therapy for patients with angina pectoris.METHODS: We searched Pub Med, Excerpt Medica Database, the Cochrane library, Wanfang Database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database from the date of its inception until August 1, in2014. Available literatures were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers finished data extraction, checked the data and assessed the methodological quality of studies, independently.The Review Manage Software 5.1.0 was used for data analysis.RESULTS: Six trials involving 453 participants were eligible. None of the trials reported the mortality due to angina pectoris. The secondary outcomes showed that Sini decoction, together with nitroglycerin when necessary, may have some effects on reducing the number of angina attacks and the amount of nitroglycerin. But in terms of reducing the duration of angina and improvement of electrocardiogram, there were no statistical differences between Sini decoction group and isosorbide dinitrate group. Only one reported that no adverse events were found.CONCLUSION: Based on this systematic review, Sini decoction can reduce the dosage of nitroglycerin, when compared with isosorbide dinitrate group.And there were no enough evidence in the papers to draw any conclusions for the safety of Sini decoction.
基金Supported by Hippocampus Neural Coding Mechanism Research on Sini San Intervention Sleep Disorders of PTSD in Myospalax cansus from the National Natural Science Foundation(No.81460611)Study on Sini San for regulation of expression of proteins of drosophila brain of sleep deprivation of Gansu Province Natural Science Foundation(No.145RJZA076)+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Gansu Provincial Department of Finance Universities(No.2013-2)Mechanisms of hippocampal neurons based on Jiawei Sini San intervention coding mode PTSD sleep disordersMinistry of Education,Sini San for intervention of sleep deprivation in drosophila Based nano-2D-LC/MS technology of Science and Technology Key Project(No.212186)Proteomics and effective substance basic of Sini San for improving sleep of Gansu Province Natural Science Foundation(No.1010RJZA212)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the Sini San at different doses on each sleeping state[slow-wave sleep 1(SWS1), slow-wave sleep 2(SWS2), rapid-eye-movement(REM), wakefulness(W)] in insomnia rats and to identify its mode of ac-tion for improving sleep.METHODS: The insomnia rats were randomly divided into a high-, medium- or low-dose group of Sini San(equal to crude drug 8.8, 4.4, or 2.2 g/kg, respectively) for seven consecutive days.RESULTS: Compared with pre-administration,SWS2 was significantly increased after administration of the low dose. Compared with pre-administration, W was significantly decreased and SWS1,SWS2, and the total sleeping time(TST) were markedly increased after administration of the medium dose. Compared with pre-administration, W was significantly decreased and SWS1, SWS2, rapid-eye-movement sleep, and TST were significantly longer after administration of the high dose. The effects of Sini San on sleep-wake cycle are dose-dependent.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that Sini San extends SWS1 and SWS2, which increases the total sleeping time.
基金Supported by Gansu Province Finance colleges Fundamental Research Foundation (No.2013-2)Ministry of Education,Science and Technology Key Project (No.212186)and Gansu Province Natural Science Foundation (No.1010RJZA212)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sedative and hypnotic activity of paeoniflorin and freeze-dried Sini San powder on mice and provide a reliable method for determining the pharmacodynamic material basis of Sini San.METHODS: Male adult mice weighing 20-22 g were used in this study. Three experiments were carried out. Synergism with pentobarbital was used as an index for hypnotic effect. Loss of the righting reflex was used to determine the start of sleep.Sleep latency and sleeping time were recorded in each experiment.RESULTS: The coefficient of variation of the suprathreshold dose(55 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of the threshold dose. The sleep latency of mice was significantly decreased, and the sleeping time of mice was significantly prolonged. The effects of paeoniflorin and Sini San on prolonging the sleeping time of mice induced by pentobarbital sodium were significantly stronger than those in the control group.CONCLUSION: Paeoniflorin produces significant sedative and hypnotic effects, and there is an obvious dose-effect relationship.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To show whether Danggui Sini plus Wuzhuyu Shengjiang Tang(DSWST) has any transient effect on erythrocyte deformability in normal subjects.METHODS: A total of 25 subjects [mean age(27.8± 1.8) years] was enrolled in this study. The study was designed as a cross-over trial in which the subjects took part for 2 d. On the first day, blood samples were collected at baseline and 1-2 h after administration of water, whereas, on the second day, instead of water, the subjects were administered DSWST after the baseline blood sampling. The blood samples collected at baseline and after the administration water or DSWST, were examined for erythrocyte deformability.RESULTS: The elongation index increased significantly after 2 h(P = 0.009) compared to the baseline after DSWST intake. However, after water intake, there was no significant differenceobserved. When comparing the percent change of erythrocyte deformability between DSWST and water, we found that after 2 h of administration,DSWST improved erythrocyte deformability significantly compared to water(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: DSWST has a transient effect on erythrocyte deformability in normal subjects.
基金Supported by Liaoning Province Nature Science Foundation project:The Mechanic of Wenyangtongmai Method on Myocardial Injury Rats(No.201102128)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Sini decoction on rats with myocardial fibrosis induced by banding the abdominal aorta, and explore the mechanism underlying its actions on angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ), transforming growth factor-β_1(TGF-β_1)and connective tissue growth factor(CTGF).METHODS: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model, Captopril, and Sini decoction groups. The models were established by the partial banding of the abdominal aorta according to Doering's method.Eight weeks later, heart weight indexes were calculated; hemodynamic changes of the hearts were tested; changes in myocardial tissue morphology were observed by Masson staining; and myocardial collagen volume fraction was calculated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the concentration of Ang Ⅱ in serum. The expression of TGF-β_1 and CTGF were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group, the heart weight index, collagen volume fraction of the myocardium, serum levels of Ang Ⅱ,and the expression of myocardial TGF-β_1 and CTGF in the model group were significantly increased(P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the heart weight index, collagen volume fraction of the myocardium, serum levels of Ang Ⅱ, and the expression of myocardial TGF-β_1 and CTGF in all treatment groups were significantly reduced(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Sini decoction reduced AngⅡ level and inhibited the expression of myocardial TGF-β_1 and CTGF, which may explain the mechanism of its protective effect on myocardium with fibrosis.
基金Supported by a Grant from the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program No.2011CB505106)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Sini San and fluoxetine on the levels of central and peripheral 5-HT in a rat model of depression, and provide new insight into the treatment of depression with integrated Chinese-Western Medicine.METHODS: A rat model of depression was established by chronic mild stress(CMS). Model rats received either Sini San, fluoxetine, a combination of the two drugs, or no drug treatment. Healthy naive rats were used as controls. Open field and sucrose preference tests were used to assess depression-like behavior. ELISA and immunohistochemistry were used to determine central and peripheral levels of 5-HT.RESULTS: In the group with no drug treatment,central 5-HT expression decreased while peripheral5-HT concentrations increased as CMS continued.Four weeks after CMS, Sini San alone was less effective in reducing depression-like behavior than fluoxetine alone or in combination with Sini San,but combined use was more effective than fluoxetine alone. Eight weeks after CMS, Sini San alone or in combination with fluoxetine was more effective in reducing depression-like behavior than fluoxetine alone. Furthermore Sini San and fluoxetine used alone or in combination notably increased central 5-HT expression and decreased peripheral 5-HT levels in the rat model.CONCLUSION:The results of the present study indicate that there is a synergistic action between the two medicines in the treatment of depression. Sini San exhibited a relatively long lag before its effects were observed; however, by eight weeks the Traditional Chinese Medicine appeared at least as effective as fluoxetine. We suggest that Sini San can replace fluoxetine in the later stages of depression treatment to minimize side effects observed with long-term fluoxetine administration.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 30672737)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic changes and relationship of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and apoptosis in endotoxin shock rats, as well as the effects of Sini injection. METHODS: In total, 102 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group (n=6, NG), sham operation group (n=24, OG), model group (n=24, MG), dexamethasone group (n=24, DG), and Sini group (n=24, SG). The endotoxin shock model was induced by an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (8 mg/kg). Rats in the OG, MG, DG, and SG groups were further divided into 4 groups: 1, 2, 3 and 6 h after shock groups (n=6 per group). iNOS expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Mediated Deoxyuridine Triphosphate-biotin Nick End Labeling was employed to measure apoptosis. RESULTS: No iNOS expression was found in the OG group. Compared with the OG group, iNOS expres-sion in the MG group was markedly elevated, reached a peak at 1 h (P<0.01), decreased at 2 and 3 h, and rebounded at 6 h. Compared with the MG group, iNOS expression decreased significantly in both the DG (P<0.05) and SG (P<0.01) groups at 6 h. Thenumberofapoptoticcellsin the MG group was markedly increased than that in the NG and OG (P<0.01) groups, and reached a peak at 6 h. The number of apoptotic cells in the DG group at 1 and 2 h (P<0.01) and SG group at 2, 3 and 6 h (P<0.01) decreased when compared with the MG group. CONCLUSION: Sini injection can significantly inhibit NO generation, which decreases apoptosis and subsequently protects the brain from endotoxic shock.
文摘BACKGROUND Allergic cutaneous vasculitis(ACV)is a difficult disease to treat.At present,there is no effective treatment for this condition.Traditionally,immunosuppressants and hormones have been primarily used in its management,but the treatment effect is suboptimal,and it has several side effects.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 19-year-old woman who presented at our hospital with a four-year history of symmetric skin lesions mainly affecting her lower extremities.She had previously undergone treatment with prednisolone acetate,cetirizine hydrochloride,and loratadine tablets but had not experienced any relief in her condition.Thereafter,she was treated with oral traditional Chinese medicine.Her skin damage gradually improved within two months of treatment initiation.After six months,the skin ulcers had completely subsided.No evidence of skin ulcer recurrence was observed during the subsequent follow-up.This report presents the first case of a female patient who received oral Danggui Sini decoction for the treatment of ACV.CONCLUSION Danggui Sini decoction may be a promising oral treatment for ACV patients.
文摘Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease damaging face,and the incidence of acne vulgaris is increasing year by year in China.Acne falls into the category of pimple in traditional Chinese medicine,and there are many dialectical understandings of acne in modern traditional Chinese medicine.Dr.He Aijuan has a unique diagnosis and treatment thinking in treating acne vulgaris(liver stagnation and spleen deficiency type)with traditional Chinese medicine in her clinical work for many years.Her application of Danggui Shaoyao Powder combined with Sini Powder has a remarkable effect in the clinical treatment process,so a clinical medical case is selected for discussion.
基金supported by Shanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology Applied Basic Research Project(201901D211537)Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Capability Cultivation Project(2019PY-007)Shanxi Province Zheng Xuejun's famous traditional Chinese medicine expert inheritance work(SXSMZYGZS023).
文摘Objective:Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking,we want to explore the pharmacological effects and mechanism of Danggui Sini Decoction in the treatment of lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans.Methods:Using TCMSP database to search the main active components of Danggui Sini Decoction(当归四逆汤,DSD)and their related targets,Cytoscape3.8.1 software was used to construct a"component-disease-target"interaction network.Meanwhile,DAVID database was used to enrich the key target genes with GO and KEGG functions.And we used Auto Dock Tools 1.5.6 for molecular docking.Results:A total of 45 candidate active molecules and 250 potential target proteins related to ASO were screened.Key genes such as TNF,IL6,VEGFA,MMP9,IL1B,CCL2,CXCL8,ICAM1,VCAM1,and IL10 are mainly through TNF signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction,Toll-like receptor signaling pathway,NF-kappa B signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway and other biological pathways exert their effects.The results of molecular docking showed that 5UUI-sesamin,5UUI-paeoniflorin,4XCT-sesamin,and 4XCT-sesamin have extremely strong binding ability.Conclusion:Danggui Sini Decoction(当归四逆汤,DSD)can synergistically exert pharmacological effects through multiple components,multiple targets,and multiple pathways.On the basis of regulating immunity and inhibiting smooth muscle proliferation,it can prevent the occurrence and development of ASO.
基金Program of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Heilongjiang(No.ZHY18-059)。
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of Sini Decoction plus Ginseng on COVID-19 based on network pharmacological analysis.Methods:TCMSP platform was used to search the compounds of Sini Decoction plus Ginseng with oral bioavailability(OB)≥30%and drug-likeness(DL)≥0.18,and the results were input into the UniProt database and converted into standard target names;Genecards and OMIM database were used to find COVID-19 target,and the intersection targets were obtained and Venn diagram was drawn.Cytoscape 3.7.2 was applied to make the network diagram of composition-disease-target;The interaction database platform-String was used to analyze the target protein interaction,and the data were input into the software of Cytoscape 3.7.2 to make the network diagram;David database was used to analyze the accumulation of Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathways of drug-disease intersection targets.The component target pathway network was constructed by using Cytoscape 3.7.2.Results:Altogether,112 active components of Sini Decoction plus Ginseng were screened,corresponding to 234 targets.Besides,261 COVID-19 targets were obtained after screening,and the Venn map showed that 50 targets were intersected.Quercetin,kaempferol,naringenin,andβ-sitosterol were found to have higher moderate values shown by the component-disease-target network.The target proteins with high PPI network analysis value were IL-6,MAPK8,MAPK3,MAPK1,TP53,TNF,and CASP3.GO enrichment function analysis showed that 341 biological processes,33 cell components,and 50 molecular functions were involved,which showed inflammatory reaction,cell response to lipopolysaccharide,exogenous apoptosis signal pathway,positive regulation of RNA polymeraseⅡpromoter transcription,cytokine activity,chemokine activity,heme binding,and other biological processes.KEGG signaling pathway enrichment function analysisshowed that there were 112 signaling pathways.It included TNF signaling pathway,tuberculosis,influenza A,PI3K Akt signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway.According to the component-target-pathway network diagram,quercetin,kaempferol,naringenin,andβ-sitosterol in Sini Decoction plus Ginseng may act on IL-6,MAPK8,MAPK3,MAPK1,TP53,TNF,CASP3,and other targets through TNF signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,Tolllike receptor signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,and HIF-1 signaling pathway.Conclusion:Sini Decoction plus Ginseng can affect COVID-19 through multiple active components,multiple targets,and multiple pathways.
文摘Sini decoction originated from Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases(200-210 C.E.)in the Eastern Han Dynasty.It is a traditional and famous prescription in China.Its preparations mainly include Sini decoction,Sini decoction drop pills and Sini decoction suppositories.The main chemical components are diterpenoid alkaloids,gingerol,volatile oil,coumarin,polysaccharide,triterpene saponins,flavonoids,amino acids,and alkaloids.This product has a cardiovascular function,anti-shock,anti-diabetes complications,anti-tumor,anti-atherosclerosis,and effects on the nervous system.Modern clinical practice is widely used in cardiovascular,respiratory,digestive,neurological and gynecological diseases.This paper reviews the pharmaceutical research,pharmacological effects,safety evaluation and clinical application of Sini decoction,including the source and composition of Sini decoction,the origin and resource status of authentic medicinal materials of Sini decoction,the research on preparation form reform,chemical composition and quality control,to provide a reference for further research and clinical promotion of Sini decoction.
