Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating large-scale components.However,conventional WAAM still faces challenges in optimizing microstructural evolution,minimizing addit...Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating large-scale components.However,conventional WAAM still faces challenges in optimizing microstructural evolution,minimizing additive-induced defects,and alleviating residual stress and deformation,all of which are critical for enhancing the mechanical performance of the manufactured parts.Integrating interlayer friction stir processing(FSP)into WAAM significantly enhances the quality of deposited materials.However,numerical simulation research focusing on elucidating the associated thermomechanical coupling mechanisms remains insufficient.A comprehensive numerical model was developed to simulate the thermomechanical coupling behavior in friction stir-assisted WAAM.The influence of post-deposition FSP on the coupled thermomechanical response of the WAAM process was analyzed quantitatively.Moreover,the residual stress distribution and deformation behavior under both single-layer and multilayer deposition conditions were investigated.Thermal analysis of different deposition layers in WAAM and friction stir-assisted WAAM was conducted.Results show that subsequent layer deposition induces partial remelting of the previously solidified layer,whereas FSP does not cause such remelting.Furthermore,thermal stress and deformation analysis confirm that interlayer FSP effectively mitigates residual stresses and distortion in WAAM components,thereby improving their structural integrity and mechanical properties.展开更多
BACKGROUND Orthopaedic surgical education has traditionally depended on the apprenticeship model of“see one,do one,teach one”.However,reduced operative exposure,stricter work-hour regulations,medicolegal constraints...BACKGROUND Orthopaedic surgical education has traditionally depended on the apprenticeship model of“see one,do one,teach one”.However,reduced operative exposure,stricter work-hour regulations,medicolegal constraints,and patient safety concerns have constrained its practicality.Simulation-based training has become a reliable,safe,and cost-efficient alternative.Dry lab techniques,especially virtual and augmented reality,make up 78%of current dry lab research,whereas wet labs still set the standard for anatomical realism.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness,limitations,and future directions of wet and dry lab simulation in orthopaedic training.METHODS A scoping review was carried out across four databases-PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and EBSCOhost-up to 2025.Medical Subject Headings included:"Orthopaedic Education","Wet Lab","Dry Lab","Simulation Training","Virtual Reality",and"Surgical Procedure".Eligible studies focused on orthopaedic or spinal surgical education,employed wet or dry lab techniques,and assessed training effectiveness.Exclusion criteria consisted of non-English publications,abstracts only,non-orthopaedic research,and studies unrelated to simulation.Two reviewers independently screened titles,abstracts,and full texts,resolving discrepancies with a third reviewer.RESULTS From 1851 records,101 studies met inclusion:78 on dry labs,7 on wet labs,4 on both.Virtual reality(VR)simulations were most common,with AI increasingly used for feedback and assessment.Cadaveric training remains the gold standard for accuracy and tactile feedback,while dry labs-especially VR-offer scalability,lower cost(40%-60%savings in five studies),and accessibility for novices.Senior residents prefer wet labs for complex tasks;juniors favour dry labs for basics.Challenges include limited transferability data,lack of standard outcome metrics,and ethical concerns about cadaver use and AI assessment.CONCLUSION Wet and dry labs each have unique strengths in orthopaedic training.A hybrid approach combining both,supported by standardised assessments and outcome studies,is most effective.Future efforts should aim for uniform reporting,integrating new technologies,and policy support for hybrid curricula to enhance skills and patient care.展开更多
Centrifugal casting of ductile iron pipe is a high-temperature,semi-continuous production process.However,conducting laboratory research on the solidification process of centrifugal casting of ductile iron pipe presen...Centrifugal casting of ductile iron pipe is a high-temperature,semi-continuous production process.However,conducting laboratory research on the solidification process of centrifugal casting of ductile iron pipe presents significant challenges.In this study,a novel research method was introduced for investigating the solidification process of ductile iron pipe,namely thermal simulation of ductile iron pipe.Comparative research was conducted on the microstructure and properties of the thermal simulation sample and the ductile iron pipe.The findings indicate that the thermal simulation sample and ductile iron pipe exhibit good heat transfer similarity and microstructure similarity.The difference of cooling rate between thermal simulation sample and ductile pipe is less than 0.24℃·s^(-1),and the difference of microstructure content of free cementite,ferrite,and pearlite is less than 5%.The tensile strength of annealed ductile iron pipe is 466 MPa,with an elongation of 16.1%and a Brinell hardness of 156.5 HBW.In comparison,the tensile strength of annealed thermal simulation sample is 482.0 MPa,with an elongation of 15.5%and a Brinell hardness of 159.0 HBW.These results suggest that the thermal simulation experimental research method is both scientific and feasible,offering an objective,reliable,and cost-effective approach to laboratory research on ductile iron pipe.展开更多
Ice crystal icing is an important cause of accidents in aircraft engines.Ice formation in aircraft engines can cause internal blades to freeze,affecting the quality of the air flow field and blocking the flow path.On ...Ice crystal icing is an important cause of accidents in aircraft engines.Ice formation in aircraft engines can cause internal blades to freeze,affecting the quality of the air flow field and blocking the flow path.On the other hand,the entry of ice crystal particles into the combustion chamber can cause a decrease in temperature or even flameout,leading to engine surge or shutdown.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct multiphase flow tests on ice crystals for aircraft components such as aircraft engines.Conducting ice crystal multiphase flow tests on aircraft is an effective research method,but it requires the construction of an ice crystal multiphase flow test platform that meets relevant technical requirements.The paper focuses on the relevant experimental requirements and combines wind tunnel test structures to conduct multiphase flow numerical simulations on various forms of jet pipelines,obtaining particle motion distribution results.After comparison,the optimal form of jet structure is obtained,providing the best selection scheme for the design of relevant wind tunnel structures.展开更多
Injecting impure CO_(2)for enhanced gas recovery(CO_(2)-EGR)offers a dual benefit by improving natural gas extraction while enabling CO_(2)sequestration.However,the interactions between CO_(2),N_(2),and CH_(4)under re...Injecting impure CO_(2)for enhanced gas recovery(CO_(2)-EGR)offers a dual benefit by improving natural gas extraction while enabling CO_(2)sequestration.However,the interactions between CO_(2),N_(2),and CH_(4)under reservoir conditions require further investigation.This study employs Grand Canonical Monte Carlo(GCMC)and Molecular Dynamics(MD)simulations to quantify the adsorption and diffusion behaviors of CO_(2),N_(2),and CH_(4)in quartz nanopores over a pressure range of 1-24 MPa under varying water saturations and gas compositions.The results indicate that:(1)CO_(2)exhibits the broadest energy distribution and the strongest adsorption stability,occupying about 20%-30%more adsorption sites than CH_(4)or N_(2)and showing the least sensitivity to water saturation,with only a 30%reduction at 50%saturation,compared to 60%for CH_(4),giving CO_(2)a clear competitive advantage.(2)The adsorption and desorption behaviors are strongly pressure dependent,as increasing pressure reduces the adsorption layer area and shifts gas distribution from adsorption dominated to free phase.Competitive adsorption analysis reveals that while CO_(2)dominates displacement at low pressures,mixtures that contain N_(2)achieve higher CH_(4)desorption efficiency above 13 MPa by mitigating diffusion resistance.(3)A higher N_(2)fraction improves CH_(4)diffusion coefficients,thereby facilitating gas mobility and ensuring superior recovery performance under high-pressure conditions.This study advances the fundamental knowledge of microscale gas behavior in tight sandstones and supports the feasibility of impure CO_(2)injection as a practical strategy for sustainable gas production.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the semi-virtual simulation and traditional simulation teaching models based on the Standards of Best Practice(SOBP)according to the International Nursing As...Objectives This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the semi-virtual simulation and traditional simulation teaching models based on the Standards of Best Practice(SOBP)according to the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning(INACSL)in the Adult Nursing course.Methods This study used a quasi-experimental design.A total of 94 third-year nursing students from a university in Beijing between November and December 2022 were recruited as participants.An innovative semi-virtual simulation teaching model was designed based on the SOBP established by the INACSL.In the Adult Nursing course,both the semi-virtual and traditional simulation teaching models were implemented.At the end of the simulation sessions,participants completed the Chinese version of the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified(SET-M)to assess the effectiveness of the two teaching models.Results All nursing students completed the simulation sessions.There was no difference(t=−0.93,P=0.353)in the total scores between the semi-virtual simulation teaching model(50.87±5.30)and the traditional simulation teaching model(50.37±5.16).However,there was a statistically significant difference(t=−2.65,P=0.010)in the prebriefing section(semi-virtual simulation:5.60±0.71;traditional simulation:5.33±0.78).In contrast,no statistically significant differences were found for the scenario and debriefing sections(P>0.05).At the individual item level,statistical differences(P<0.05)between the two models were identified for items 1 and 9,but not for the remaining items(P>0.05).By analyzing the open-ended question,it was found that both simulation models were effective,and students’comments were similar.Conclusions The study demonstrated equivalent effectiveness between the semi-virtual and traditional simulation teaching models.Semi-virtual simulation teaching model could offer a more flexible and feasible approach to simulation teaching.展开更多
This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model.The impact of these two parameterization schemes on the pred...This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model.The impact of these two parameterization schemes on the prediction of the movement track and intensity of Typhoon Kompasu in 2021 is examined.Additionally,the possible reasons for their effects on tropical cyclone(TC)intensity prediction are analyzed.Statistical results show that both parameterization schemes improve the predictions of Typhoon Kompasu’s track and intensity.The influence on track prediction becomes evident after 60 h of model integration,while the significant positive impact on intensity prediction is observed after 66 h.Further analysis reveals that these two schemes affect the timing and magnitude of extreme TC intensity values by influencing the evolution of the TC’s warm-core structure.展开更多
In sediment transport on a mobile erodible bed,near-bed particles tend to preferentially locate under specific flow regions and form an uneven bedform.These moving and mobile particles can significantly modulate turbu...In sediment transport on a mobile erodible bed,near-bed particles tend to preferentially locate under specific flow regions and form an uneven bedform.These moving and mobile particles can significantly modulate turbulence at various scales,from inertial large-scale motions to small viscous motions.This study analyzes the particle-resolved direct numerical simulation data of particle-laden two-phase flow with multilayers of particles in turbulent flows over static and mobile beds.The double-average method is adopted for energy transfer analysis.The result shows that the alternative streaky bedform in the spanwise directions correlates with the streak structures in the near-wall turbulence in the mobile bed case.The energy redistribution and exchange,as well as the dissipation,are analyzed in detail,and an energy transfer diagram is given in the last to summarize the energy transfer processes.In both the static and mobile bed cases,flow energy is introduced into the system via the work performed by volume forces acting on the mean flow.The viscous dissipations in the double mean and form-induced fields are more pronounced in the static bed case,and the work done by the fluid-particle interfacial stress in the double mean and turbulent fields is more pronounced in the mobile bed case.The prominent energy contribution in the form-induced field is the production by the form-induced stress on the mean strain in the mobile bed case.In addition,sediment transport involving a limited number of mobile particles is insufficient to capture the energy transfer processes that occur over the troughs and may intertwine the energy transfer processes over the mobile particles and the fixed particle bed.展开更多
Automation and intelligence have become the primary trends in the design of investment casting processes.However,the design of gating and riser systems still lacks precise quantitative evaluation criteria.Numerical si...Automation and intelligence have become the primary trends in the design of investment casting processes.However,the design of gating and riser systems still lacks precise quantitative evaluation criteria.Numerical simulation plays a significant role in quantitatively evaluating current processes and making targeted improvements,but its limitations lie in the inability to dynamically reflect the formation outcomes of castings under varying process conditions,making real-time adjustments to gating and riser designs challenging.In this study,an automated design model for gating and riser systems based on integrated parametric 3D modeling-simulation framework is proposed,which enhances the flexibility and usability of evaluating the casting process by simulation.Firstly,geometric feature extraction technology is employed to obtain the geometric information of the target casting.Based on this information,an automated design framework for gating and riser systems is established,incorporating multiple structural parameters for real-time process control.Subsequently,the simulation results for various structural parameters are analyzed,and the influence of these parameters on casting formation is thoroughly investigated.Finally,the optimal design scheme is generated and validated through experimental verification.Simulation analysis and experimental results show that using a larger gate neck(24 mm in side length) and external risers promotes a more uniform temperature distribution and a more stable flow state,effectively eliminating shrinkage cavities and enhancing process yield by 15%.展开更多
Marine thin plates are susceptible to welding deformation owing to their low structural stiffness.Therefore,the efficient and accurate prediction of welding deformation is essential for improving welding quality.The t...Marine thin plates are susceptible to welding deformation owing to their low structural stiffness.Therefore,the efficient and accurate prediction of welding deformation is essential for improving welding quality.The traditional thermal elastic-plastic finite element method(TEP-FEM)can accurately predict welding deformation.However,its efficiency is low because of the complex nonlinear transient computation,making it difficult to meet the needs of rapid engineering evaluation.To address this challenge,this study proposes an efficient prediction method for welding deformation in marine thin plate butt welds.This method is based on the coupled temperature gradient-thermal strain method(TG-TSM)that integrates inherent strain theory with a shell element finite element model.The proposed method first extracts the distribution pattern and characteristic value of welding-induced inherent strain through TEP-FEM analysis.This strain is then converted into the equivalent thermal load applied to the shell element model for rapid computation.The proposed method-particularly,the gradual temperature gradient-thermal strain method(GTG-TSM)-achieved improved computational efficiency and consistent precision.Furthermore,the proposed method required much less computation time than the traditional TEP-FEM.Thus,this study lays the foundation for future prediction of welding deformation in more complex marine thin plates.展开更多
With the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles,their charging loads pose new challenges to power grid stability and operational efficiency.To address this,this study employs a Monte Carlo simulation model to analyz...With the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles,their charging loads pose new challenges to power grid stability and operational efficiency.To address this,this study employs a Monte Carlo simulation model to analyze the charging load characteristics of six battery electric vehicle categories in Hebei Province,leveraging multi-source probabilistic distribution data under typical operational scenarios.The findings reveal that electric vehicle charging loads are primarily concentrated during midday and nighttime periods,with significant load fluctuations exerting substantial pressure on the grid.In response,this paper proposes strategic interventions including optimized charging infrastructure planning,time-of-use electricity pricing mechanisms,and smart charging technologies to balance grid loads.The results provide a theoretical foundation for electric vehicle load forecasting,smart grid dispatching,and vehicle-grid integration,thereby enhancing grid operational efficiency and sustainability.展开更多
Analysis of the environmental and economic performance of fishing vessels has received limited attention compared with other ship types despite their notable contribution to global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This st...Analysis of the environmental and economic performance of fishing vessels has received limited attention compared with other ship types despite their notable contribution to global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This study evaluates the carbon footprint(CF)and economic viability of a liquefied natural gas(LNG)-fueled fishing vessel,using real engine operation simulations to provide precise and dynamic evaluation of fuel consumption and GHG emissions.Operational profiles are obtained through the utilization of onboard monitoring systems,whereas engine performance is simulated using the 1D/0D AVL Boost^(TM)model.Life cycle assessment(LCA)is conducted to quantify the environmental impact,whereas life cycle cost assessment(LCCA)is performed to analyze the profitability of LNG as an alternative fuel.The potential impact of the future fuel price uncertainties is addressed using Monte Carlo simulations.The LCA findings indicate that LNG has the potential to reduce the CF of the vessel by 14%to 16%,in comparison to a diesel power system configuration that serves as the baseline scenario.The LCCA results further indicate that the total cost of an LNG-powered ship is lower by 9.5%-13.8%,depending on the share of LNG and pilot fuels.This finding highlights the potential of LNG to produce considerable environmental benefits while addressing economic challenges under diverse operational and fuel price conditions.展开更多
Vitrimers belong to a class of polymeric materials capable of bond exchange reactions,showing great promise for environmental protection and sustainable development.However,studies on the coupling mechanism between th...Vitrimers belong to a class of polymeric materials capable of bond exchange reactions,showing great promise for environmental protection and sustainable development.However,studies on the coupling mechanism between the bond exchange kinetics and segmental dynamics near the glass transition temperature(T_(g))remain scarce.Herein,we employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the dynamic heterogeneity of the segment motion and bond exchange in vitrimers.The simulation results revealed that the bond exchange energy barrier exerts a much stronger influence on the bond exchange kinetics than on the segmental dynamics.At lower temperatures,slower segmental relaxation further constraind the bond exchange rate.Additionally,increasing the bond exchange energy barrier markedly enhanced the dynamic heterogeneity of segment motion.A close correlation was observed between heterogeneity and bond exchange.This study elucidated the coupling mechanism between bond exchange and segmental dynamics at the molecular scale,thereby providing a theoretical basis for designing vitrimer materials with tunable dynamic properties.展开更多
Solar Design(https://solardesign.cn/)is an online photovoltaic device simulation and design platform that provides engineering modeling analysis for crystalline silicon solar cells,as well as emerging high-efficiency ...Solar Design(https://solardesign.cn/)is an online photovoltaic device simulation and design platform that provides engineering modeling analysis for crystalline silicon solar cells,as well as emerging high-efficiency solar cells such as organic,perovskite,and tandem cells.The platform offers user-updatable libraries of basic photovoltaic materials and devices,device-level multi-physics simulations involving optical–electrical–thermal interactions,and circuit-level compact model simulations based on detailed balance theory.Employing internationally advanced numerical methods,the platform accurately,rapidly,and efficiently solves optical absorption,electrical transport,and compact circuit models.It achieves multi-level photovoltaic simulation technology from“materials to devices to circuits”with fully independent intellectual property rights.Compared to commercial softwares,the platform achieves high accuracy and improves speed by more than an order of magnitude.Additionally,it can simulate unique electrical transport processes in emerging solar cells,such as quantum tunneling,exciton dissociation,and ion migration.展开更多
To address the limitations of existing coupling methods in aero-engine system simulation,which fail to adaptively adjust iterative parameters and coupling relationships,which can result in low efficiency and in⁃stabil...To address the limitations of existing coupling methods in aero-engine system simulation,which fail to adaptively adjust iterative parameters and coupling relationships,which can result in low efficiency and in⁃stability,this study introduces a‘Dynamic Event-Driven Co-Simulation’algorithm integrated with decision tree algorithms.This algorithm separates the overall coupling relationships and the main solver from the primary mod⁃el,utilizing a dynamic event monitoring module to adaptively adjust simulation strategies,including iteration pa⁃rameters,coupling relationships,and convergence criteria.This facilitates efficient adaptive simulations of dy⁃namic events while balancing solution accuracy and computational efficiency.The research focuses on a twinshaft turbofan engine,establishing six system-level models that encompass overall performance and various sub⁃systems based on three coupling methods,along with a multidisciplinary multi-fidelity simulation framework in⁃corporating a 3D CFD nozzle model.The study tests both model exchange and coupled simulation methods under a 14 s transient acceleration and deceleration scenario.In a 100%throttle condition,a high-fidelity nozzle model is used to analyze the sensitivity of different convergence criteria on computational efficiency and accuracy.Re⁃sults indicate that the accuracy and efficiency achieved with this method are comparable to those of PROOSIS soft⁃ware(18 s and 35 s,respectively),while being 71%more efficient than Simulink software(62 s and 120 s,re⁃spectively).Furthermore,appropriately relaxing the convergence criteria for the 0D model(from 10-6 to 10-4)while enhancing those for the 3D model(from 3000 steps to 6000 steps)can effectively balance computational accuracy and efficiency.展开更多
Self-assembly of block copolymers(BCPs)is highly intricate and is adsorbing extensive experimental and simulation efforts to reveal it for maximizing structural order and device performances.The coarse-grained(CG)mole...Self-assembly of block copolymers(BCPs)is highly intricate and is adsorbing extensive experimental and simulation efforts to reveal it for maximizing structural order and device performances.The coarse-grained(CG)molecular dynamics(MD)simulation offers a microscopic angle to view the self-assembly of BCPs.Although some molecular details are sacrificed during CG processes,this method exhibits remarkable computational efficiency.In this study,a comprehensive CG model for polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine),PS-b-P2VP,one of the most extensively studied BCPs for its high Flory-Huggins interaction parameter,is constructed,with parameters optimized using target values derived from all-atom MD simulations.The CG model precisely coincides with various classical self-assembling morphologies observed in experimental studies,matching the theoretical phase diagrams.Moreover,the conformational asymmetry of the experimental phase diagram is also clearly revealed by our simulation results,and the phase boundaries obtained from simulations are highly consistent with experimental results.The CG model is expected to extend to simulate the self-assembly behaviors of other BCPs in addition to PS-b-P2VP,thus increasing understanding of the microphase separation of BCPs from the molecular level.展开更多
In this study,a new linear friction welding(LFW)process,embedded LFW process,was put forward,which was mainly applied to combination manufacturing of long or overlong loadcarrying titanium alloy structural components ...In this study,a new linear friction welding(LFW)process,embedded LFW process,was put forward,which was mainly applied to combination manufacturing of long or overlong loadcarrying titanium alloy structural components in aircraft.The interfacial plastic flow behavior and bonding mechanism of this process were investigated by a developed coupling EulerianLagrangian numerical model using software ABAQUS and a novel thermo-physical simulation method with designed embedded hot compression specimen.In addition,the formation mechanism and control method of welding defects caused by uneven plastic flow were discussed.The results reveal that the plastic flow along oscillating direction of this process is even and sufficient.In the direction perpendicular to oscillation,thermo-plastic metals mainly flow downward along welding interface under coupling of shear stress and interfacial pressure,resulting in the interfacial plastic zone shown as an inverted“V”shape.The upward plastic flow in this direction is relatively weak,and only a small amount of flash is extruded from top of joint.Moreover,the wedge block and welding components at top of joint are always in un-steady friction stage,leading to nonuniform temperature field distribution and un-welded defects.According to the results of numerical simulation,high oscillating frequency combined with low pressure and small amplitude is considered as appropriate parameter selection scheme to improve the upward interfacial plastic flow at top of joint and suppress the un-welded defects.The results of thermo-physical simulation illustrate that continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)induces the bonding of interface,accompanying by intense dislocation movement and creation of many low-angle grain boundaries.In the interfacial bonding area,grain orientation is random with relatively low texture density(5.0 mud)owing to CDRX.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4600902)Shandong Provincial Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars(ZR2024YQ020)。
文摘Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)has emerged as a promising approach for fabricating large-scale components.However,conventional WAAM still faces challenges in optimizing microstructural evolution,minimizing additive-induced defects,and alleviating residual stress and deformation,all of which are critical for enhancing the mechanical performance of the manufactured parts.Integrating interlayer friction stir processing(FSP)into WAAM significantly enhances the quality of deposited materials.However,numerical simulation research focusing on elucidating the associated thermomechanical coupling mechanisms remains insufficient.A comprehensive numerical model was developed to simulate the thermomechanical coupling behavior in friction stir-assisted WAAM.The influence of post-deposition FSP on the coupled thermomechanical response of the WAAM process was analyzed quantitatively.Moreover,the residual stress distribution and deformation behavior under both single-layer and multilayer deposition conditions were investigated.Thermal analysis of different deposition layers in WAAM and friction stir-assisted WAAM was conducted.Results show that subsequent layer deposition induces partial remelting of the previously solidified layer,whereas FSP does not cause such remelting.Furthermore,thermal stress and deformation analysis confirm that interlayer FSP effectively mitigates residual stresses and distortion in WAAM components,thereby improving their structural integrity and mechanical properties.
文摘BACKGROUND Orthopaedic surgical education has traditionally depended on the apprenticeship model of“see one,do one,teach one”.However,reduced operative exposure,stricter work-hour regulations,medicolegal constraints,and patient safety concerns have constrained its practicality.Simulation-based training has become a reliable,safe,and cost-efficient alternative.Dry lab techniques,especially virtual and augmented reality,make up 78%of current dry lab research,whereas wet labs still set the standard for anatomical realism.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness,limitations,and future directions of wet and dry lab simulation in orthopaedic training.METHODS A scoping review was carried out across four databases-PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and EBSCOhost-up to 2025.Medical Subject Headings included:"Orthopaedic Education","Wet Lab","Dry Lab","Simulation Training","Virtual Reality",and"Surgical Procedure".Eligible studies focused on orthopaedic or spinal surgical education,employed wet or dry lab techniques,and assessed training effectiveness.Exclusion criteria consisted of non-English publications,abstracts only,non-orthopaedic research,and studies unrelated to simulation.Two reviewers independently screened titles,abstracts,and full texts,resolving discrepancies with a third reviewer.RESULTS From 1851 records,101 studies met inclusion:78 on dry labs,7 on wet labs,4 on both.Virtual reality(VR)simulations were most common,with AI increasingly used for feedback and assessment.Cadaveric training remains the gold standard for accuracy and tactile feedback,while dry labs-especially VR-offer scalability,lower cost(40%-60%savings in five studies),and accessibility for novices.Senior residents prefer wet labs for complex tasks;juniors favour dry labs for basics.Challenges include limited transferability data,lack of standard outcome metrics,and ethical concerns about cadaver use and AI assessment.CONCLUSION Wet and dry labs each have unique strengths in orthopaedic training.A hybrid approach combining both,supported by standardised assessments and outcome studies,is most effective.Future efforts should aim for uniform reporting,integrating new technologies,and policy support for hybrid curricula to enhance skills and patient care.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52130109)。
文摘Centrifugal casting of ductile iron pipe is a high-temperature,semi-continuous production process.However,conducting laboratory research on the solidification process of centrifugal casting of ductile iron pipe presents significant challenges.In this study,a novel research method was introduced for investigating the solidification process of ductile iron pipe,namely thermal simulation of ductile iron pipe.Comparative research was conducted on the microstructure and properties of the thermal simulation sample and the ductile iron pipe.The findings indicate that the thermal simulation sample and ductile iron pipe exhibit good heat transfer similarity and microstructure similarity.The difference of cooling rate between thermal simulation sample and ductile pipe is less than 0.24℃·s^(-1),and the difference of microstructure content of free cementite,ferrite,and pearlite is less than 5%.The tensile strength of annealed ductile iron pipe is 466 MPa,with an elongation of 16.1%and a Brinell hardness of 156.5 HBW.In comparison,the tensile strength of annealed thermal simulation sample is 482.0 MPa,with an elongation of 15.5%and a Brinell hardness of 159.0 HBW.These results suggest that the thermal simulation experimental research method is both scientific and feasible,offering an objective,reliable,and cost-effective approach to laboratory research on ductile iron pipe.
文摘Ice crystal icing is an important cause of accidents in aircraft engines.Ice formation in aircraft engines can cause internal blades to freeze,affecting the quality of the air flow field and blocking the flow path.On the other hand,the entry of ice crystal particles into the combustion chamber can cause a decrease in temperature or even flameout,leading to engine surge or shutdown.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct multiphase flow tests on ice crystals for aircraft components such as aircraft engines.Conducting ice crystal multiphase flow tests on aircraft is an effective research method,but it requires the construction of an ice crystal multiphase flow test platform that meets relevant technical requirements.The paper focuses on the relevant experimental requirements and combines wind tunnel test structures to conduct multiphase flow numerical simulations on various forms of jet pipelines,obtaining particle motion distribution results.After comparison,the optimal form of jet structure is obtained,providing the best selection scheme for the design of relevant wind tunnel structures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A2022)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52474047)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0951)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2025ZNSFSC1357)the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2025ZD1404307).
文摘Injecting impure CO_(2)for enhanced gas recovery(CO_(2)-EGR)offers a dual benefit by improving natural gas extraction while enabling CO_(2)sequestration.However,the interactions between CO_(2),N_(2),and CH_(4)under reservoir conditions require further investigation.This study employs Grand Canonical Monte Carlo(GCMC)and Molecular Dynamics(MD)simulations to quantify the adsorption and diffusion behaviors of CO_(2),N_(2),and CH_(4)in quartz nanopores over a pressure range of 1-24 MPa under varying water saturations and gas compositions.The results indicate that:(1)CO_(2)exhibits the broadest energy distribution and the strongest adsorption stability,occupying about 20%-30%more adsorption sites than CH_(4)or N_(2)and showing the least sensitivity to water saturation,with only a 30%reduction at 50%saturation,compared to 60%for CH_(4),giving CO_(2)a clear competitive advantage.(2)The adsorption and desorption behaviors are strongly pressure dependent,as increasing pressure reduces the adsorption layer area and shifts gas distribution from adsorption dominated to free phase.Competitive adsorption analysis reveals that while CO_(2)dominates displacement at low pressures,mixtures that contain N_(2)achieve higher CH_(4)desorption efficiency above 13 MPa by mitigating diffusion resistance.(3)A higher N_(2)fraction improves CH_(4)diffusion coefficients,thereby facilitating gas mobility and ensuring superior recovery performance under high-pressure conditions.This study advances the fundamental knowledge of microscale gas behavior in tight sandstones and supports the feasibility of impure CO_(2)injection as a practical strategy for sustainable gas production.
文摘Objectives This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the semi-virtual simulation and traditional simulation teaching models based on the Standards of Best Practice(SOBP)according to the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning(INACSL)in the Adult Nursing course.Methods This study used a quasi-experimental design.A total of 94 third-year nursing students from a university in Beijing between November and December 2022 were recruited as participants.An innovative semi-virtual simulation teaching model was designed based on the SOBP established by the INACSL.In the Adult Nursing course,both the semi-virtual and traditional simulation teaching models were implemented.At the end of the simulation sessions,participants completed the Chinese version of the Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified(SET-M)to assess the effectiveness of the two teaching models.Results All nursing students completed the simulation sessions.There was no difference(t=−0.93,P=0.353)in the total scores between the semi-virtual simulation teaching model(50.87±5.30)and the traditional simulation teaching model(50.37±5.16).However,there was a statistically significant difference(t=−2.65,P=0.010)in the prebriefing section(semi-virtual simulation:5.60±0.71;traditional simulation:5.33±0.78).In contrast,no statistically significant differences were found for the scenario and debriefing sections(P>0.05).At the individual item level,statistical differences(P<0.05)between the two models were identified for items 1 and 9,but not for the remaining items(P>0.05).By analyzing the open-ended question,it was found that both simulation models were effective,and students’comments were similar.Conclusions The study demonstrated equivalent effectiveness between the semi-virtual and traditional simulation teaching models.Semi-virtual simulation teaching model could offer a more flexible and feasible approach to simulation teaching.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2023YFC3008004]。
文摘This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model.The impact of these two parameterization schemes on the prediction of the movement track and intensity of Typhoon Kompasu in 2021 is examined.Additionally,the possible reasons for their effects on tropical cyclone(TC)intensity prediction are analyzed.Statistical results show that both parameterization schemes improve the predictions of Typhoon Kompasu’s track and intensity.The influence on track prediction becomes evident after 60 h of model integration,while the significant positive impact on intensity prediction is observed after 66 h.Further analysis reveals that these two schemes affect the timing and magnitude of extreme TC intensity values by influencing the evolution of the TC’s warm-core structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12388101 and 12472221)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.lzujbky-2024-oy10).
文摘In sediment transport on a mobile erodible bed,near-bed particles tend to preferentially locate under specific flow regions and form an uneven bedform.These moving and mobile particles can significantly modulate turbulence at various scales,from inertial large-scale motions to small viscous motions.This study analyzes the particle-resolved direct numerical simulation data of particle-laden two-phase flow with multilayers of particles in turbulent flows over static and mobile beds.The double-average method is adopted for energy transfer analysis.The result shows that the alternative streaky bedform in the spanwise directions correlates with the streak structures in the near-wall turbulence in the mobile bed case.The energy redistribution and exchange,as well as the dissipation,are analyzed in detail,and an energy transfer diagram is given in the last to summarize the energy transfer processes.In both the static and mobile bed cases,flow energy is introduced into the system via the work performed by volume forces acting on the mean flow.The viscous dissipations in the double mean and form-induced fields are more pronounced in the static bed case,and the work done by the fluid-particle interfacial stress in the double mean and turbulent fields is more pronounced in the mobile bed case.The prominent energy contribution in the form-induced field is the production by the form-induced stress on the mean strain in the mobile bed case.In addition,sediment transport involving a limited number of mobile particles is insufficient to capture the energy transfer processes that occur over the troughs and may intertwine the energy transfer processes over the mobile particles and the fixed particle bed.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB3706802)。
文摘Automation and intelligence have become the primary trends in the design of investment casting processes.However,the design of gating and riser systems still lacks precise quantitative evaluation criteria.Numerical simulation plays a significant role in quantitatively evaluating current processes and making targeted improvements,but its limitations lie in the inability to dynamically reflect the formation outcomes of castings under varying process conditions,making real-time adjustments to gating and riser designs challenging.In this study,an automated design model for gating and riser systems based on integrated parametric 3D modeling-simulation framework is proposed,which enhances the flexibility and usability of evaluating the casting process by simulation.Firstly,geometric feature extraction technology is employed to obtain the geometric information of the target casting.Based on this information,an automated design framework for gating and riser systems is established,incorporating multiple structural parameters for real-time process control.Subsequently,the simulation results for various structural parameters are analyzed,and the influence of these parameters on casting formation is thoroughly investigated.Finally,the optimal design scheme is generated and validated through experimental verification.Simulation analysis and experimental results show that using a larger gate neck(24 mm in side length) and external risers promotes a more uniform temperature distribution and a more stable flow state,effectively eliminating shrinkage cavities and enhancing process yield by 15%.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51975138the High-Tech Ship Scientific Research Project from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology under Grant No.CJ05N20the National Defense Basic Research Project under Grant No.JCKY2023604C006.
文摘Marine thin plates are susceptible to welding deformation owing to their low structural stiffness.Therefore,the efficient and accurate prediction of welding deformation is essential for improving welding quality.The traditional thermal elastic-plastic finite element method(TEP-FEM)can accurately predict welding deformation.However,its efficiency is low because of the complex nonlinear transient computation,making it difficult to meet the needs of rapid engineering evaluation.To address this challenge,this study proposes an efficient prediction method for welding deformation in marine thin plate butt welds.This method is based on the coupled temperature gradient-thermal strain method(TG-TSM)that integrates inherent strain theory with a shell element finite element model.The proposed method first extracts the distribution pattern and characteristic value of welding-induced inherent strain through TEP-FEM analysis.This strain is then converted into the equivalent thermal load applied to the shell element model for rapid computation.The proposed method-particularly,the gradual temperature gradient-thermal strain method(GTG-TSM)-achieved improved computational efficiency and consistent precision.Furthermore,the proposed method required much less computation time than the traditional TEP-FEM.Thus,this study lays the foundation for future prediction of welding deformation in more complex marine thin plates.
基金funded by Humanities and Social Sciences of Ministry of Education Planning Fund of China,grant number 21YJA790009National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number 72140001.
文摘With the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles,their charging loads pose new challenges to power grid stability and operational efficiency.To address this,this study employs a Monte Carlo simulation model to analyze the charging load characteristics of six battery electric vehicle categories in Hebei Province,leveraging multi-source probabilistic distribution data under typical operational scenarios.The findings reveal that electric vehicle charging loads are primarily concentrated during midday and nighttime periods,with significant load fluctuations exerting substantial pressure on the grid.In response,this paper proposes strategic interventions including optimized charging infrastructure planning,time-of-use electricity pricing mechanisms,and smart charging technologies to balance grid loads.The results provide a theoretical foundation for electric vehicle load forecasting,smart grid dispatching,and vehicle-grid integration,thereby enhancing grid operational efficiency and sustainability.
文摘Analysis of the environmental and economic performance of fishing vessels has received limited attention compared with other ship types despite their notable contribution to global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.This study evaluates the carbon footprint(CF)and economic viability of a liquefied natural gas(LNG)-fueled fishing vessel,using real engine operation simulations to provide precise and dynamic evaluation of fuel consumption and GHG emissions.Operational profiles are obtained through the utilization of onboard monitoring systems,whereas engine performance is simulated using the 1D/0D AVL Boost^(TM)model.Life cycle assessment(LCA)is conducted to quantify the environmental impact,whereas life cycle cost assessment(LCCA)is performed to analyze the profitability of LNG as an alternative fuel.The potential impact of the future fuel price uncertainties is addressed using Monte Carlo simulations.The LCA findings indicate that LNG has the potential to reduce the CF of the vessel by 14%to 16%,in comparison to a diesel power system configuration that serves as the baseline scenario.The LCCA results further indicate that the total cost of an LNG-powered ship is lower by 9.5%-13.8%,depending on the share of LNG and pilot fuels.This finding highlights the potential of LNG to produce considerable environmental benefits while addressing economic challenges under diverse operational and fuel price conditions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52173020 and 52573023)。
文摘Vitrimers belong to a class of polymeric materials capable of bond exchange reactions,showing great promise for environmental protection and sustainable development.However,studies on the coupling mechanism between the bond exchange kinetics and segmental dynamics near the glass transition temperature(T_(g))remain scarce.Herein,we employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the dynamic heterogeneity of the segment motion and bond exchange in vitrimers.The simulation results revealed that the bond exchange energy barrier exerts a much stronger influence on the bond exchange kinetics than on the segmental dynamics.At lower temperatures,slower segmental relaxation further constraind the bond exchange rate.Additionally,increasing the bond exchange energy barrier markedly enhanced the dynamic heterogeneity of segment motion.A close correlation was observed between heterogeneity and bond exchange.This study elucidated the coupling mechanism between bond exchange and segmental dynamics at the molecular scale,thereby providing a theoretical basis for designing vitrimer materials with tunable dynamic properties.
基金Project supported by the Scientific Research Project of China Three Gorges Corporation(Grant No.202203092)。
文摘Solar Design(https://solardesign.cn/)is an online photovoltaic device simulation and design platform that provides engineering modeling analysis for crystalline silicon solar cells,as well as emerging high-efficiency solar cells such as organic,perovskite,and tandem cells.The platform offers user-updatable libraries of basic photovoltaic materials and devices,device-level multi-physics simulations involving optical–electrical–thermal interactions,and circuit-level compact model simulations based on detailed balance theory.Employing internationally advanced numerical methods,the platform accurately,rapidly,and efficiently solves optical absorption,electrical transport,and compact circuit models.It achieves multi-level photovoltaic simulation technology from“materials to devices to circuits”with fully independent intellectual property rights.Compared to commercial softwares,the platform achieves high accuracy and improves speed by more than an order of magnitude.Additionally,it can simulate unique electrical transport processes in emerging solar cells,such as quantum tunneling,exciton dissociation,and ion migration.
文摘To address the limitations of existing coupling methods in aero-engine system simulation,which fail to adaptively adjust iterative parameters and coupling relationships,which can result in low efficiency and in⁃stability,this study introduces a‘Dynamic Event-Driven Co-Simulation’algorithm integrated with decision tree algorithms.This algorithm separates the overall coupling relationships and the main solver from the primary mod⁃el,utilizing a dynamic event monitoring module to adaptively adjust simulation strategies,including iteration pa⁃rameters,coupling relationships,and convergence criteria.This facilitates efficient adaptive simulations of dy⁃namic events while balancing solution accuracy and computational efficiency.The research focuses on a twinshaft turbofan engine,establishing six system-level models that encompass overall performance and various sub⁃systems based on three coupling methods,along with a multidisciplinary multi-fidelity simulation framework in⁃corporating a 3D CFD nozzle model.The study tests both model exchange and coupled simulation methods under a 14 s transient acceleration and deceleration scenario.In a 100%throttle condition,a high-fidelity nozzle model is used to analyze the sensitivity of different convergence criteria on computational efficiency and accuracy.Re⁃sults indicate that the accuracy and efficiency achieved with this method are comparable to those of PROOSIS soft⁃ware(18 s and 35 s,respectively),while being 71%more efficient than Simulink software(62 s and 120 s,re⁃spectively).Furthermore,appropriately relaxing the convergence criteria for the 0D model(from 10-6 to 10-4)while enhancing those for the 3D model(from 3000 steps to 6000 steps)can effectively balance computational accuracy and efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22438005,22108117).
文摘Self-assembly of block copolymers(BCPs)is highly intricate and is adsorbing extensive experimental and simulation efforts to reveal it for maximizing structural order and device performances.The coarse-grained(CG)molecular dynamics(MD)simulation offers a microscopic angle to view the self-assembly of BCPs.Although some molecular details are sacrificed during CG processes,this method exhibits remarkable computational efficiency.In this study,a comprehensive CG model for polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine),PS-b-P2VP,one of the most extensively studied BCPs for its high Flory-Huggins interaction parameter,is constructed,with parameters optimized using target values derived from all-atom MD simulations.The CG model precisely coincides with various classical self-assembling morphologies observed in experimental studies,matching the theoretical phase diagrams.Moreover,the conformational asymmetry of the experimental phase diagram is also clearly revealed by our simulation results,and the phase boundaries obtained from simulations are highly consistent with experimental results.The CG model is expected to extend to simulate the self-assembly behaviors of other BCPs in addition to PS-b-P2VP,thus increasing understanding of the microphase separation of BCPs from the molecular level.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52105411,52105400and 52305420)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742830)Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(No.CX2023008).
文摘In this study,a new linear friction welding(LFW)process,embedded LFW process,was put forward,which was mainly applied to combination manufacturing of long or overlong loadcarrying titanium alloy structural components in aircraft.The interfacial plastic flow behavior and bonding mechanism of this process were investigated by a developed coupling EulerianLagrangian numerical model using software ABAQUS and a novel thermo-physical simulation method with designed embedded hot compression specimen.In addition,the formation mechanism and control method of welding defects caused by uneven plastic flow were discussed.The results reveal that the plastic flow along oscillating direction of this process is even and sufficient.In the direction perpendicular to oscillation,thermo-plastic metals mainly flow downward along welding interface under coupling of shear stress and interfacial pressure,resulting in the interfacial plastic zone shown as an inverted“V”shape.The upward plastic flow in this direction is relatively weak,and only a small amount of flash is extruded from top of joint.Moreover,the wedge block and welding components at top of joint are always in un-steady friction stage,leading to nonuniform temperature field distribution and un-welded defects.According to the results of numerical simulation,high oscillating frequency combined with low pressure and small amplitude is considered as appropriate parameter selection scheme to improve the upward interfacial plastic flow at top of joint and suppress the un-welded defects.The results of thermo-physical simulation illustrate that continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)induces the bonding of interface,accompanying by intense dislocation movement and creation of many low-angle grain boundaries.In the interfacial bonding area,grain orientation is random with relatively low texture density(5.0 mud)owing to CDRX.
