为探究字母类空间-数字反应编码联合(Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes,SNARC)效应的加工阶段及双重编码线索(言语、视觉)的影响,以大写字母作为实验材料,以字母表为参考系,采用字母顺序判断任务,同时诱发字母类SNARC...为探究字母类空间-数字反应编码联合(Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes,SNARC)效应的加工阶段及双重编码线索(言语、视觉)的影响,以大写字母作为实验材料,以字母表为参考系,采用字母顺序判断任务,同时诱发字母类SNARC效应、Stroop效应(发生于语义表征阶段)和Simon效应(发生于反应选择阶段)。结果发现:(1)字母类SNARC效应分别与Stroop效应和Simon效应产生交互作用,这说明基于顺序信息的字母类SNARC效应同时存在于语义表征阶段和反应选择阶段。(2)在言语编码和视觉编码线索的协同作用下,顺序信息能够稳健地诱发字母类SNARC效应。展开更多
This paper reconstructs in detail the course leading to the inception of the Chinese material medica(CMM)research at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1920.By analyzing the primary materials from several archiv...This paper reconstructs in detail the course leading to the inception of the Chinese material medica(CMM)research at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1920.By analyzing the primary materials from several archives,it provides,for the first time,a historiographical account of the major events and key figures in the process.These include the China Medical Board(CMB)Commission to East Asia in 1915 that shaped the attitudes of Drs.William H.Welch and Simon Flexner,the PUMC’s chief scientific architects,toward CMM and its scientific investigation;the influence of medical missionaries and Japanese scientists on these attitudes;the medical leaders’decisive roles in recruiting Ralph G.Mills and Bernard E.Read,two of medical missionaries with strong interests in and actual studies on CMM,to the PUMC,which serendipitously made them central figures associated with the CMM research at the College;and finally the critical role of Mills and other medical missionaries in introducing CMM research,both concept and material,to the CMB executives and in their reconciliating the research subject with the institutional aims.The findings of the study contextualize the inception of CMM research at PUMC from the perspective of broader narrative of transnational circulation and recognition of medical knowledge and highlight the intermediatory roles played by medical missionaries that were critical in the intersection between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and scientific medicine.The study also reveals multiple serendipitous occurrences associated with the eventual inception of the program,thus offers a fresh interpretation of the beginning of the most impactful research program of scientizing TCM in the first half of the 20th century.展开更多
文摘为探究字母类空间-数字反应编码联合(Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes,SNARC)效应的加工阶段及双重编码线索(言语、视觉)的影响,以大写字母作为实验材料,以字母表为参考系,采用字母顺序判断任务,同时诱发字母类SNARC效应、Stroop效应(发生于语义表征阶段)和Simon效应(发生于反应选择阶段)。结果发现:(1)字母类SNARC效应分别与Stroop效应和Simon效应产生交互作用,这说明基于顺序信息的字母类SNARC效应同时存在于语义表征阶段和反应选择阶段。(2)在言语编码和视觉编码线索的协同作用下,顺序信息能够稳健地诱发字母类SNARC效应。
文摘This paper reconstructs in detail the course leading to the inception of the Chinese material medica(CMM)research at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1920.By analyzing the primary materials from several archives,it provides,for the first time,a historiographical account of the major events and key figures in the process.These include the China Medical Board(CMB)Commission to East Asia in 1915 that shaped the attitudes of Drs.William H.Welch and Simon Flexner,the PUMC’s chief scientific architects,toward CMM and its scientific investigation;the influence of medical missionaries and Japanese scientists on these attitudes;the medical leaders’decisive roles in recruiting Ralph G.Mills and Bernard E.Read,two of medical missionaries with strong interests in and actual studies on CMM,to the PUMC,which serendipitously made them central figures associated with the CMM research at the College;and finally the critical role of Mills and other medical missionaries in introducing CMM research,both concept and material,to the CMB executives and in their reconciliating the research subject with the institutional aims.The findings of the study contextualize the inception of CMM research at PUMC from the perspective of broader narrative of transnational circulation and recognition of medical knowledge and highlight the intermediatory roles played by medical missionaries that were critical in the intersection between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and scientific medicine.The study also reveals multiple serendipitous occurrences associated with the eventual inception of the program,thus offers a fresh interpretation of the beginning of the most impactful research program of scientizing TCM in the first half of the 20th century.
