SimaPro is a software package designed to make a valuable contribution for analyzing the environmental impact on products during their whole life cycle. A huge amount of knowledge about the environment is built into t...SimaPro is a software package designed to make a valuable contribution for analyzing the environmental impact on products during their whole life cycle. A huge amount of knowledge about the environment is built into the program and database, enabling to analyze a product with a minimum of specialized knowledge. In this study, SimaPro was used to analyze and evaluate the impacts that resulted from sewerage network in Al-Hilla city, Iraq. The results of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) showed that sewerage network had an impact and damage on the environment by 291 points for every cubic meter of collect wastewater. The most potential environmental impacts were global warming, respiratory inorganics and non-renewable energy, contributing to the sewerage network. The study also showed that most of the effects were as a result of energy consumption in the pumping of wastewater, pipes used and diesel using for network operation.展开更多
使用SimaPro软件和Ecoinvent数据库对纸浆模塑天地盖礼盒生产的生命周期进行建模,采用EF 3.0方法对生命周期进行环境影响分析,量化和识别其生产过程中的主要环境足迹及其贡献过程,并解释其环境影响。结果表明:生产一万套纸浆模塑天地盖...使用SimaPro软件和Ecoinvent数据库对纸浆模塑天地盖礼盒生产的生命周期进行建模,采用EF 3.0方法对生命周期进行环境影响分析,量化和识别其生产过程中的主要环境足迹及其贡献过程,并解释其环境影响。结果表明:生产一万套纸浆模塑天地盖礼盒造成的气候变化影响为7609.27 kg CO_(2)eq.,其中由化石资源引起的碳排放为7591.24 kg CO_(2)eq.。在纸浆模塑礼盒生产过程中,气候变化、化石资源消耗、颗粒物、酸化和光化学臭氧形成是主要的环境影响类别,累积贡献超过了整体环境影响的80%。热压整形过程中电能消耗是引起环境问题的主要原因。通过敏感性分析可知,减少生产过程中的电能消耗量或者使用清洁能源,最多可减少约95%的碳足迹,并降低整体环境影响。展开更多
Background： Replacement of fossil fuel based energy with biochar-based bioenergy production can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions while mitigating the adverse impacts of climate change and global warming. However,...Background： Replacement of fossil fuel based energy with biochar-based bioenergy production can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions while mitigating the adverse impacts of climate change and global warming. However, the production of biochar-based bioenergy depends on a sustainable supply of biomass. Although, Northwestern Ontario has a rich and sustainable supply of woody biomass, a comprehensive life cycle cost and economic assessment of biochar-based bioenergy production technology has not been done so far in the region. Methods： In this paper, we conducted a thorough life cycle cost assessment （LCCA） of biochar-based bioenergy production and its land application under four different scenarios： 1） biochar production with low feedstock availability; 2） biochar production with high feedstock availability; 3） biochar production with low feedstock availability and its land application; and 4） biochar production with high feedstock availability and its land applicationusing SimaPro, EIOLCA software and spreadsheet modeling. Based on the LCCA results, we further conducted an economic assessment for the break-even and viability of this technology over the project period. Results： It was found that the economic viability of biochar-based bioenergy production system within the life cycle analysis system boundary based on study assumptions is directly dependent on costs of pyrolysis, feedstock processing （drying, grinding and pelletization） and collection on site and the value of total carbon offset provided by the system. Sensitivity analysis of transportation distance and different values of C offset showed that the system is profitable in case of high biomass availability within 200 km and when the cost of carbon sequestration exceeds CAD S60 per tonne of equivalent carbon （CO2e）. Conclusions： Biochar-based bioenergy system is economically viable when life cycle costs and environmental assumptions are accounted for. This study provides a medium scale slow-pyrolysis plant scenario and we recommend similar experiments with large-scale plants in order to implement the technology at industrial scale.展开更多
文摘SimaPro is a software package designed to make a valuable contribution for analyzing the environmental impact on products during their whole life cycle. A huge amount of knowledge about the environment is built into the program and database, enabling to analyze a product with a minimum of specialized knowledge. In this study, SimaPro was used to analyze and evaluate the impacts that resulted from sewerage network in Al-Hilla city, Iraq. The results of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) showed that sewerage network had an impact and damage on the environment by 291 points for every cubic meter of collect wastewater. The most potential environmental impacts were global warming, respiratory inorganics and non-renewable energy, contributing to the sewerage network. The study also showed that most of the effects were as a result of energy consumption in the pumping of wastewater, pipes used and diesel using for network operation.
文摘使用SimaPro软件和Ecoinvent数据库对纸浆模塑天地盖礼盒生产的生命周期进行建模,采用EF 3.0方法对生命周期进行环境影响分析,量化和识别其生产过程中的主要环境足迹及其贡献过程,并解释其环境影响。结果表明:生产一万套纸浆模塑天地盖礼盒造成的气候变化影响为7609.27 kg CO_(2)eq.,其中由化石资源引起的碳排放为7591.24 kg CO_(2)eq.。在纸浆模塑礼盒生产过程中,气候变化、化石资源消耗、颗粒物、酸化和光化学臭氧形成是主要的环境影响类别,累积贡献超过了整体环境影响的80%。热压整形过程中电能消耗是引起环境问题的主要原因。通过敏感性分析可知,减少生产过程中的电能消耗量或者使用清洁能源,最多可减少约95%的碳足迹,并降低整体环境影响。
基金Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through Industrial Postgraduate Scholarships(NSERC-IPS)Ontario Graduate Scholarship(OGS)Ontario Power Generation(OPG)
文摘Background： Replacement of fossil fuel based energy with biochar-based bioenergy production can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions while mitigating the adverse impacts of climate change and global warming. However, the production of biochar-based bioenergy depends on a sustainable supply of biomass. Although, Northwestern Ontario has a rich and sustainable supply of woody biomass, a comprehensive life cycle cost and economic assessment of biochar-based bioenergy production technology has not been done so far in the region. Methods： In this paper, we conducted a thorough life cycle cost assessment （LCCA） of biochar-based bioenergy production and its land application under four different scenarios： 1） biochar production with low feedstock availability; 2） biochar production with high feedstock availability; 3） biochar production with low feedstock availability and its land application; and 4） biochar production with high feedstock availability and its land applicationusing SimaPro, EIOLCA software and spreadsheet modeling. Based on the LCCA results, we further conducted an economic assessment for the break-even and viability of this technology over the project period. Results： It was found that the economic viability of biochar-based bioenergy production system within the life cycle analysis system boundary based on study assumptions is directly dependent on costs of pyrolysis, feedstock processing （drying, grinding and pelletization） and collection on site and the value of total carbon offset provided by the system. Sensitivity analysis of transportation distance and different values of C offset showed that the system is profitable in case of high biomass availability within 200 km and when the cost of carbon sequestration exceeds CAD S60 per tonne of equivalent carbon （CO2e）. Conclusions： Biochar-based bioenergy system is economically viable when life cycle costs and environmental assumptions are accounted for. This study provides a medium scale slow-pyrolysis plant scenario and we recommend similar experiments with large-scale plants in order to implement the technology at industrial scale.
