BACKGROUND The treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MA-SLD)has focused on the control of comorbidities.Silybum marianum(SM)and alpha-lipoic acid(ALA)have shown antioxidant and adjuvant...BACKGROUND The treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MA-SLD)has focused on the control of comorbidities.Silybum marianum(SM)and alpha-lipoic acid(ALA)have shown antioxidant and adjuvant effects on the control of metabolic disorders.AIM To evaluate whether the SM-ALA formulation(LUDLEV®),in combination with the Mediterranean diet(MD),could improve MASLD-related liver injury.METHODS A randomized,double-blind clinical trial was conducted on patients with MA-SLD.Administration of SM-ALA plus MD(group A)vs placebo plus MD(group B)was compared for 24 weeks.At baseline and weeks 12 and 24,anthropometric measurements,metabolic parameters,and liver function were analyzed.Clinical effectiveness was evaluated through transient elastography.RESULTS Fifty patients aged 54±10 years were included,and the majority(74%)were female.Reduced visceral fat and umbilical circumference were reported in both groups,with significance in group A(P=0.045 and 0.003,respectively).The de-crease in controlled attenuation parameter was gradual and maintained at 12 and 24 weeks in group A(P=0.026),whereas in group B the decrease was greater at week 12 and remained unchanged at week 24(∆controlled attenuation parameter:-27 dB/m).Mild adverse effects were reported in 4 patients in group A(16%)and 4 patients in group B(16%),with no significant differences between groups(P=0.641).CONCLUSION SM-ALA(LUDLEV®)combined with the MD can promote the improvement of metabolic parameters,reducing visceral fat and hepatic steatosis in Mexican patients with MASLD.展开更多
Objective In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti‐aging effects of Silybum marianum protein hydrolysate（SMPH） in D‐galactose‐treated mice. Methods D‐galactose（500 mg/kg body weight） was ...Objective In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti‐aging effects of Silybum marianum protein hydrolysate（SMPH） in D‐galactose‐treated mice. Methods D‐galactose（500 mg/kg body weight） was intraperitoneally injected daily for 7 weeks to accelerate aging, and SMPH（400, 800, 1,200 mg/kg body weight, respectively） was simultaneously administered orally. The antioxidant and anti‐aging effects of SMPH in the liver and brain were measured by biochemical assays. Transmission electron microscopy（TEM） was performed to study the ultrastructure of liver mitochondria. Results SMPH decreased triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the D‐galactose‐treated mice. It significantly elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and glutathione peroxidase（GSH‐Px）, and total antioxidant capacity（T‐AOC）, which were suppressed by D‐galactose. Monoamine oxidase（MAO） and malondialdehyde（MDA） levels as well as the concentrations of caspase‐3 and 8‐OHd G in the liver and brain were significantly reduced by SMPH. Moreover, it increased Bcl‐2 levels in the liver and brain. Furthermore, SMPH significantly attenuated D‐galactose‐induced liver mitochondrial dysfunction by improving the activities of Na＋‐K＋‐ATPase and Ca2＋‐Mg2＋‐ATPase as well as mitochondrial membrane potential（ΔΨm） and fluidity. TEM showed that the degree of liver mitochondrial damage was significantly decreased by SMPH. Conclusion The results indicated that SMPH protects against D‐galactose‐induced accelerated aging in mice through its antioxidant and anti‐aging activities.展开更多
Silymarin has been used for centuries for its hepatoprotective properties. The specific objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-fatigue properties of silymarin. The silymarin was administered orally at doses ...Silymarin has been used for centuries for its hepatoprotective properties. The specific objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-fatigue properties of silymarin. The silymarin was administered orally at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 4 weeks;the fatigue level and exercise performance were evaluated using exhaustive swimming time and pole-climbing time, as well as levels of plasma lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase(CK), serum urea nitrogen(SUN), blood lactic acid(BLA), muscle glycogen(MG), and liver glycogen(LG) contents after an intensive swimming session. The results demonstrated that silymarin treatment decreased the BLA and SUN levels while increased the LG and MG levels. In addition, silymarin decreased plasma lactate and ammonia levels and CK activity after swimming test, this is related to the mechanism that increases energy storage(as glycogen) and release(as blood glucose), and decreases plasma levels of lactate, ammonia, and CK. The observation of the skeletal muscle structures of mice also confirmed that skeletal muscles became more damaged in the control group compared with the silymarin-treated mice after prolonged endurance exercise. Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that silymarin may bear potential pharmacological effects in combating fatigue.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the diuretic and renal effects of Silybum marianum L.and Cistus ladaniferus L.in normal rats.Methods:Four groups of rats were used in each experiment.The first group received water,the second ...Objective:To investigate the diuretic and renal effects of Silybum marianum L.and Cistus ladaniferus L.in normal rats.Methods:Four groups of rats were used in each experiment.The first group received water,the second group received Cistus ladaniferus L.extract(100 mg/kg b.wt),the third group received Silybum marianum L.extract(100 mg/kg b.wt),and the fourth group received furosemide(10 mg/kg b.wt).Variables including urine volume,plasma and urine sodium,potassium and creatinine,and creatinine clearance were measured.Two experiments were conducted.A single dose of each intervention was used and the variables were measured during 24 h,and the interventions were given daily for a total of 8 d and the variables were measured during various intervals.Results:The single dose of each plant extract increased urine volume at all-time intervals and increased urine sodium and potassium excretion without affecting plasma sodium and potassium(P<0.05).On the day 8 after daily administration,the plant extracts induced a significant diuresis and natriuresis without affecting serum electrolytes(P<0.05),while furosemide caused hypokalemia.Both plant extracts significantly increased creatinine clearance(P<0.05).Conclusions:Silybum marianum L.and Cistus ladaniferus L Increase creatinine clearance and have a significant diuretic effect without affecting serum electrolytes.Silybum marianum L.is more potent than furosemide or Cistus ladaniferus L.展开更多
The article provides information about the anatomical structure of the vegetative and generative organs grown in Tashkent conditions, and reveals the structural features: a mesomorphic leaf, a dorsi-central mesophyll ...The article provides information about the anatomical structure of the vegetative and generative organs grown in Tashkent conditions, and reveals the structural features: a mesomorphic leaf, a dorsi-central mesophyll type characteristic of dicotyledonous plants;stem beam type. A comparative analysis of the anatomical structure showed that the seed coat has a general plan of the structure with other members of the family Asteraceae.展开更多
This study was performed by Cano Contreras et al,who explored the effects of alpha-lipoic acid(ALA)and Silybum marianum(SM)supplementation combined with a mediterranean diet(MD)on metabolic dysfunction-associated stea...This study was performed by Cano Contreras et al,who explored the effects of alpha-lipoic acid(ALA)and Silybum marianum(SM)supplementation combined with a mediterranean diet(MD)on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD).The randomized controlled design and use of transient elastography provide methodological strengths,whereas the focus on a Mexican cohort addresses a critical gap in regional MASLD research.Although improvements in visceral fat and controlled attenuation parameters(CAP)were observed,key metabolic markers,including transaminases and lipid profiles,showed no significant changes,raising concerns about the intervention's comprehensive metabolic impact.The reliance on CAP and the absence of mechanistic biomarker analysis limit insights into the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways of ALA and SM.Future research should explore synergistic effects with other nutraceuticals,such as vitamin E and polyphenols,and include extended followup and patient stratification to assess long-term benefits and personalized therapeutic outcomes.Addressing these limitations could solidify the role of nutraceuticals in MASLD management and enable the development of more effective and sustainable interventions.展开更多
Plant-derived bioactive peptides offer an attractive strategy for developing immunomodulatory functional foods.In this study,Silybum marianum seed protein hydrolysates(SSPH)were prepared through simulated gastrointest...Plant-derived bioactive peptides offer an attractive strategy for developing immunomodulatory functional foods.In this study,Silybum marianum seed protein hydrolysates(SSPH)were prepared through simulated gastrointestinaldigestion.Structural analyses using multi-spectral techniques indicated extensive conformationalchanges in SSPH.Cell-based assays demonstrated that SSPH boosted the immune response of RAW264.7 macrophages,promoting proliferation and phagocytosis,along with increased secretion of Nitric oxide(NO),Reactive oxygen species(ROS),and pro-inflammatory cytokines,including Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha(TNF-α),Interleukin-6(IL-6),and Interleukin-1beta(IL-1β).Treatment with the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)inhibitor(TAK-242)significantly suppressed this SSPH-induced immunostimulation,confirming TLR4 as a criticalmediating receptor.LC-MS/MS combined with de novo sequencing and molecular docking identified three highaffinityTLR4-interacting peptides(YPGDL,FSEPLTR,and SGYDGWLPAR).These peptides engaged critical TLR4residues,as confirmed by molecular-docking.Notably,SGYDGWLPAR exhibited the most potent immunostimulatoryactivity,comparable to that of SSPH.These results provide mechanistic insights into immunomodulatorypeptide-TLR4 interactions and underscores the potential of Silybum marianum seeds to provide bioactivepeptides,and highlight the prospective utility of these seeds as a renewable source for novel functional foods.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MA-SLD)has focused on the control of comorbidities.Silybum marianum(SM)and alpha-lipoic acid(ALA)have shown antioxidant and adjuvant effects on the control of metabolic disorders.AIM To evaluate whether the SM-ALA formulation(LUDLEV®),in combination with the Mediterranean diet(MD),could improve MASLD-related liver injury.METHODS A randomized,double-blind clinical trial was conducted on patients with MA-SLD.Administration of SM-ALA plus MD(group A)vs placebo plus MD(group B)was compared for 24 weeks.At baseline and weeks 12 and 24,anthropometric measurements,metabolic parameters,and liver function were analyzed.Clinical effectiveness was evaluated through transient elastography.RESULTS Fifty patients aged 54±10 years were included,and the majority(74%)were female.Reduced visceral fat and umbilical circumference were reported in both groups,with significance in group A(P=0.045 and 0.003,respectively).The de-crease in controlled attenuation parameter was gradual and maintained at 12 and 24 weeks in group A(P=0.026),whereas in group B the decrease was greater at week 12 and remained unchanged at week 24(∆controlled attenuation parameter:-27 dB/m).Mild adverse effects were reported in 4 patients in group A(16%)and 4 patients in group B(16%),with no significant differences between groups(P=0.641).CONCLUSION SM-ALA(LUDLEV®)combined with the MD can promote the improvement of metabolic parameters,reducing visceral fat and hepatic steatosis in Mexican patients with MASLD.
基金supported by University natural science foundation of Jiangsu Province(16KJB550001)Postdoctoral research funding project of Jiangsu Province(1601058A)key research and development plan of Zhenjiang city(NY2016020)
文摘Objective In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti‐aging effects of Silybum marianum protein hydrolysate（SMPH） in D‐galactose‐treated mice. Methods D‐galactose（500 mg/kg body weight） was intraperitoneally injected daily for 7 weeks to accelerate aging, and SMPH（400, 800, 1,200 mg/kg body weight, respectively） was simultaneously administered orally. The antioxidant and anti‐aging effects of SMPH in the liver and brain were measured by biochemical assays. Transmission electron microscopy（TEM） was performed to study the ultrastructure of liver mitochondria. Results SMPH decreased triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the D‐galactose‐treated mice. It significantly elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and glutathione peroxidase（GSH‐Px）, and total antioxidant capacity（T‐AOC）, which were suppressed by D‐galactose. Monoamine oxidase（MAO） and malondialdehyde（MDA） levels as well as the concentrations of caspase‐3 and 8‐OHd G in the liver and brain were significantly reduced by SMPH. Moreover, it increased Bcl‐2 levels in the liver and brain. Furthermore, SMPH significantly attenuated D‐galactose‐induced liver mitochondrial dysfunction by improving the activities of Na＋‐K＋‐ATPase and Ca2＋‐Mg2＋‐ATPase as well as mitochondrial membrane potential（ΔΨm） and fluidity. TEM showed that the degree of liver mitochondrial damage was significantly decreased by SMPH. Conclusion The results indicated that SMPH protects against D‐galactose‐induced accelerated aging in mice through its antioxidant and anti‐aging activities.
文摘Silymarin has been used for centuries for its hepatoprotective properties. The specific objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-fatigue properties of silymarin. The silymarin was administered orally at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 4 weeks;the fatigue level and exercise performance were evaluated using exhaustive swimming time and pole-climbing time, as well as levels of plasma lactate, ammonia, glucose, creatine kinase(CK), serum urea nitrogen(SUN), blood lactic acid(BLA), muscle glycogen(MG), and liver glycogen(LG) contents after an intensive swimming session. The results demonstrated that silymarin treatment decreased the BLA and SUN levels while increased the LG and MG levels. In addition, silymarin decreased plasma lactate and ammonia levels and CK activity after swimming test, this is related to the mechanism that increases energy storage(as glycogen) and release(as blood glucose), and decreases plasma levels of lactate, ammonia, and CK. The observation of the skeletal muscle structures of mice also confirmed that skeletal muscles became more damaged in the control group compared with the silymarin-treated mice after prolonged endurance exercise. Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that silymarin may bear potential pharmacological effects in combating fatigue.
文摘Objective:To investigate the diuretic and renal effects of Silybum marianum L.and Cistus ladaniferus L.in normal rats.Methods:Four groups of rats were used in each experiment.The first group received water,the second group received Cistus ladaniferus L.extract(100 mg/kg b.wt),the third group received Silybum marianum L.extract(100 mg/kg b.wt),and the fourth group received furosemide(10 mg/kg b.wt).Variables including urine volume,plasma and urine sodium,potassium and creatinine,and creatinine clearance were measured.Two experiments were conducted.A single dose of each intervention was used and the variables were measured during 24 h,and the interventions were given daily for a total of 8 d and the variables were measured during various intervals.Results:The single dose of each plant extract increased urine volume at all-time intervals and increased urine sodium and potassium excretion without affecting plasma sodium and potassium(P<0.05).On the day 8 after daily administration,the plant extracts induced a significant diuresis and natriuresis without affecting serum electrolytes(P<0.05),while furosemide caused hypokalemia.Both plant extracts significantly increased creatinine clearance(P<0.05).Conclusions:Silybum marianum L.and Cistus ladaniferus L Increase creatinine clearance and have a significant diuretic effect without affecting serum electrolytes.Silybum marianum L.is more potent than furosemide or Cistus ladaniferus L.
文摘The article provides information about the anatomical structure of the vegetative and generative organs grown in Tashkent conditions, and reveals the structural features: a mesomorphic leaf, a dorsi-central mesophyll type characteristic of dicotyledonous plants;stem beam type. A comparative analysis of the anatomical structure showed that the seed coat has a general plan of the structure with other members of the family Asteraceae.
文摘This study was performed by Cano Contreras et al,who explored the effects of alpha-lipoic acid(ALA)and Silybum marianum(SM)supplementation combined with a mediterranean diet(MD)on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD).The randomized controlled design and use of transient elastography provide methodological strengths,whereas the focus on a Mexican cohort addresses a critical gap in regional MASLD research.Although improvements in visceral fat and controlled attenuation parameters(CAP)were observed,key metabolic markers,including transaminases and lipid profiles,showed no significant changes,raising concerns about the intervention's comprehensive metabolic impact.The reliance on CAP and the absence of mechanistic biomarker analysis limit insights into the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways of ALA and SM.Future research should explore synergistic effects with other nutraceuticals,such as vitamin E and polyphenols,and include extended followup and patient stratification to assess long-term benefits and personalized therapeutic outcomes.Addressing these limitations could solidify the role of nutraceuticals in MASLD management and enable the development of more effective and sustainable interventions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1104001).
文摘Plant-derived bioactive peptides offer an attractive strategy for developing immunomodulatory functional foods.In this study,Silybum marianum seed protein hydrolysates(SSPH)were prepared through simulated gastrointestinaldigestion.Structural analyses using multi-spectral techniques indicated extensive conformationalchanges in SSPH.Cell-based assays demonstrated that SSPH boosted the immune response of RAW264.7 macrophages,promoting proliferation and phagocytosis,along with increased secretion of Nitric oxide(NO),Reactive oxygen species(ROS),and pro-inflammatory cytokines,including Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha(TNF-α),Interleukin-6(IL-6),and Interleukin-1beta(IL-1β).Treatment with the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)inhibitor(TAK-242)significantly suppressed this SSPH-induced immunostimulation,confirming TLR4 as a criticalmediating receptor.LC-MS/MS combined with de novo sequencing and molecular docking identified three highaffinityTLR4-interacting peptides(YPGDL,FSEPLTR,and SGYDGWLPAR).These peptides engaged critical TLR4residues,as confirmed by molecular-docking.Notably,SGYDGWLPAR exhibited the most potent immunostimulatoryactivity,comparable to that of SSPH.These results provide mechanistic insights into immunomodulatorypeptide-TLR4 interactions and underscores the potential of Silybum marianum seeds to provide bioactivepeptides,and highlight the prospective utility of these seeds as a renewable source for novel functional foods.
