As a recently emerging wastewater treatment technology,Algal-bacterial granular sludge(ABGS)process shows significant advantages.However,current research on the ABGS system is a lack of a clear and complete understand...As a recently emerging wastewater treatment technology,Algal-bacterial granular sludge(ABGS)process shows significant advantages.However,current research on the ABGS system is a lack of a clear and complete understanding of the potential mechanism of signal molecules on the growth of ABGS.This study comprehensively explores the variations in the ABGS under different N-acyl-homoserine lactone(AHL)conditions by constructing three sequencing batch reactor(SBR)systems.The results indicate that N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone(C6-HSL)accelerates the granulation process in the early stages by promoting the loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances(LB-EPS)secretion and filamentous bacteria growth,thereby shortening required time for initial granule formation.On the other hand,N-(3-oxodecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone(3-oxo-C12-HSL)expedites the granulation process by promoting the tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances(TB-EPS)and aromatic protein secretion,benefiting structural stability and nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of mature ABGS.展开更多
Polyamines(PAs)are nitrogenous and polycationic compounds containing more than two amine residues.Numerous investigations have demonstrated that cellular PA homeostasis plays a key role in various developmental and ph...Polyamines(PAs)are nitrogenous and polycationic compounds containing more than two amine residues.Numerous investigations have demonstrated that cellular PA homeostasis plays a key role in various developmental and physiological processes.The PA balance,which may be affected by many environmental factors,is finely maintained by the pathways of PA biosynthesis and degradation(catabolism).In this review,the advances in PA transport and distribution and their roles in plants were summarized and discussed.In addition,the interplay between PAs and phytohormones,NO,and H_(2)O_(2)were detailed during plant growth,senescence,fruit repining,as well as response to biotic and abiotic stresses.Moreover,it was elucidated how environmental signals such as light,temperature,and humidity modulate PA accumulation during plant development.Notably,PA has been shown to exert a potential role in shaping the domestication of rice.The present review comprehensively summarizes these latest advances,high-lighting the importance of PAs as endogenous signaling molecules in plants,and as well proposes future perspectives on PA research.展开更多
This study evaluated the effects of arginine(Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate(NCG) on inflammation, antioxidant property, and antioxidant-related gene expression in rat spleen under oxidative stress. A total of 52 rats wer...This study evaluated the effects of arginine(Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate(NCG) on inflammation, antioxidant property, and antioxidant-related gene expression in rat spleen under oxidative stress. A total of 52 rats were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups with 13 replicates per group. Rats were fed a basal diet(BD) or BD supplemented with Arg or NCG for 30 days. On day 28, half of the BD-fed rats were intraperitoneally injected with sterile saline(control group), and the other half with 12 mg/kg body weight of diquat(DT; DT group). The other 2 diet groups were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of DT with either Arg(1%)(DT t Arg) or NCG(0.1%)(DT t NCG). Rat spleen samples were collected for analysis at 48 h after DT injection. Results showed that DT damaged the antioxidant defense in rats compared with the control group(P < 0.05). Compared with the DT group, the DT t Arg and DT t NCG groups manifested improved anti-hydroxyl radical, catalase, and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) activities, increased glutathione content(P < 0.05), and decreased malondialdehyde content(P < 0.05).Moreover, compared with the DT group, the DT t Arg and DT t NCG groups enhanced mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1), glutathione reductase(GR), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap-1), and mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR)(P < 0.05). Both NCG and Arg significantly increased anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA level but suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression under oxidative stress(P < 0.05). In summary, NCG and Arg effectively alleviated oxidative stress, improved the antioxidant capacity and regulated the antioxidant-related signaling molecular expression in rat spleen. N-carbamylglutamate and Arg reduced the inflammation in the spleen by mediating the gene expression of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).展开更多
Jasmonates and related compounds, including amino acid conjugates of jasmonic acid, have regulatory functions in the signaling pathway for plant developmental processes and responses to the complex equilibrium of biot...Jasmonates and related compounds, including amino acid conjugates of jasmonic acid, have regulatory functions in the signaling pathway for plant developmental processes and responses to the complex equilibrium of biotic and abiotic stress. But the molecular details of the signaling mechanism are still poorly understood. Statistically significant quantitative structure-property relationship models （r^2 〉 0.990） constructed by genetic function approximation and molecular field analysis were generated for the purpose of deriving structural requirements for lipophilicity of amino acid conjugates of jasmonic acid. The best models derived in the present study provide some valuable academic information in terms of the 2/3D-descriptors influencing the lipophilicity, which may contribute to further understanding the mechanism of exogenous application ofjasmonates in their signaling pathway and designing novel analogs of jasmonic acid as ecological pesticides.展开更多
Stomatal aperture controls the balance between transpirational water loss and photosynthetic carbon dioxide(CO2)uptake.Stomata are surrounded by pairs of guard cells that sense and transduce environmental or stress si...Stomatal aperture controls the balance between transpirational water loss and photosynthetic carbon dioxide(CO2)uptake.Stomata are surrounded by pairs of guard cells that sense and transduce environmental or stress signals to induce diverse endogenous responses for adaptation to environmental changes.In a recent decade,hydrogen sulfide(H2S)has been recognized as a signaling molecule that regulates stomatal movement.In this review,we summarize recent progress in research on the regulatory role of H2S in stomatal movement,including the dynamic regulation of phytohormones,ion homeostasis,and cell structural components.We focus especially on the cross talk among H2S,nitric oxide(NO),and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)in guard cells,as well as on H2S-mediated post-translational protein modification(cysteine thiol persulfidation).Finally,we summarize the mechanisms by which H2S interacts with other signaling molecules in plants under abiotic or biotic stress.Based on evidence and clues from existing research,we propose some issues that need to be addressed in the future.展开更多
The evolutionarily conserved Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor(TIR)domains across kingdoms of prokaryotes,plants,and animals play critical roles in innate immunity.Recent studies have revealed the enzymatic functions of TIR...The evolutionarily conserved Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor(TIR)domains across kingdoms of prokaryotes,plants,and animals play critical roles in innate immunity.Recent studies have revealed the enzymatic functions of TIRs,the structural bases of TIRs as holoenzymes,and the identity of TIR-generated small signaling molecules and their receptors,which significantly advanced our understanding on TIR-mediated immune signaling pathways.We reviewed the most up-to-date findings in TIR enzymatic functions from the perspectives of signaling molecules and receptor mechanisms.展开更多
Plant intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)receptors with an N-terminal Toll/Interleukin-1 recep-tor(TIR)domain detect pathogen effectors to produce TIR-catalyzed signaling molecules for activation...Plant intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)receptors with an N-terminal Toll/Interleukin-1 recep-tor(TIR)domain detect pathogen effectors to produce TIR-catalyzed signaling molecules for activation of plant immunity.Plant immune signaling by TIR-containing NLR(TNL)proteins converges on Enhanced Disease Suscepti-bility 1(EDS1)and its direct partners Phytoalexin Deficient 4(PAD4)or Senescence-Associated Gene 101(SAG101).TNL signaling also require helper NLRs N requirement gene 1(NRG1)and activated disease resistance 1(ADR1).In two recent remarkable papers published in Science,the authors show that the TIR-containing proteins catalyze and produce two types of signaling molecules,ADPr-ATP/diADPR and pRib-AMP/ADP.Importantly,they demonstrate that EDS1-SAG101 and EDS1-PAD4 modules are the receptor complexes for ADPr-ATP/diADPRp and Rib-AMP/ADP,respec-tively,which allosterically promote EDS1-SAG101 interaction with NRG1 and EDS1-PAD4 interaction with ADR1.Thus,two different small molecules catalyzed by TIR-containing proteins selectively activate the downstream two distinct branches of EDS1-mediated immune signalings.These breakthrough studies significantly advance our understanding of TNL downstream signaling pathway.展开更多
AIM： Cell adhesion molecules and their signal molecules play a very important role in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of these molecules and the signal molecules of integrins and E-cadh...AIM： Cell adhesion molecules and their signal molecules play a very important role in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of these molecules and the signal molecules of integrins and E-cadherins, such as （focal adhesion kinase） FAK, （integrin linked kinase） ILK, and β-catenin in hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis. METHODS： We first synthesized the small molecular compound, S-（1,2-dichlorovinyl）-L-cysteine （DCVC）, and identified it, by element analysis and ^1H NMR. To establish the apoptosis model of the SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cell, we treated cells with DCVC in EBSS for different concentrations or for various length times in the presence of 20 μmol/L N,N-cliphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, which blocks necrotic cell death and identified this model by flow cytometry and DNA ladder. Then we studied the changes of FAK, ILK, β-catenin, and PKB in this apoptotic model by Western blot. RESULTS： We found that the loss or decrease of cell adhesion signal molecules is an important reason in apoptosis of SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cell and the apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cell was preceded by the loss or decrease of FAK, ILK, PKB, and β-catenin or the damage of cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion. CONCLUSION： Our results suggested that the decrease of adhesion signal molecules, FAK, ILK, PKB, and β-catenin, could induce hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis.展开更多
Liver regeneration is a complex and well-orchestrated process,during which hepatic cells are activated to produce large signal molecules in response to liver injury or mass reduction.These signal molecules,in turn,set...Liver regeneration is a complex and well-orchestrated process,during which hepatic cells are activated to produce large signal molecules in response to liver injury or mass reduction.These signal molecules,in turn,set up the connections and cross-talk among liver cells to promote hepatic recovery.In this review,we endeavor to summarize the network of signal molecules that mediates hepatic cell communication in the regulation of liver regeneration.展开更多
Carbon monoxide(CO)and nitric oxide(NO)are signal molecules that enhance plant adaptation to environmental stimuli.Auxin is an essential phytohormone for plant growth and development.CO and NO play crucial roles in mo...Carbon monoxide(CO)and nitric oxide(NO)are signal molecules that enhance plant adaptation to environmental stimuli.Auxin is an essential phytohormone for plant growth and development.CO and NO play crucial roles in modulating the plant’s response to iron deficiency.Iron deficiency leads to an increase in the activity of heme oxygenase(HO)and the subsequent generation of CO.Additionally,it alters the polar subcellular distribution of Pin-Formed 1(PIN1)proteins,resulting in enhanced auxin transport.This alteration,in turn,leads to an increase in NO accumulation.Furthermore,iron deficiency enhances the activity of ferric chelate reductase(FCR),as well as the expression of the Fer-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor 1(FIT)and the ferric reduction oxidase 2(FRO2)genes in plant roots.Overexpression of the long hypocotyl 1(HY1)gene,which encodes heme oxygenase,or the CO donor treatment resulted in enhanced basipetal auxin transport,higher FCR activity,and the expression of FIT and FRO2 genes under Fe deficiency.Here,a potential mechanism is proposed:CO and NO interact with auxin to address iron deficiency stress.CO alters auxin transport,enhancing its accumulation in roots and up-regulating key iron-related genes like FRO2 and IRT1.Elevated auxin levels affect NO signaling,leading to greater sensitivity in root development.This interplay promotes FCR activity,which is crucial for iron absorption.Together,these molecules enhance iron uptake and root growth,revealing a novel aspect of plant physiology in adapting to environmental stress.展开更多
Purines are building blocks for DNA and RNA,found as the energy currency of cells(ATP and GTP),used as signaling molecules(cGMP,cAMP and ATP),and served as precursors for synthesizing primary products such as polysacc...Purines are building blocks for DNA and RNA,found as the energy currency of cells(ATP and GTP),used as signaling molecules(cGMP,cAMP and ATP),and served as precursors for synthesizing primary products such as polysaccharides,sucrose,and phospholipids as well as secondary products(Stasolla et al.,2003;Pareek et al.,2020).Thus,the synthesis of purines is a critical pathway in the cells of all living organisms.Purines can be synthesized through two pathways:de novo and salvage(Stasolla et al.,2003).Recent investigations revealed that purine synthesis is vital for the proper development of chloroplasts in plants.In Arabidopsis,CIA1 encodes the enzyme glutamine phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase,which catalyzes the first committed step of purine de novo biosynthesis,the loss-of-function mutant cia1 shows small,pale-green mosaic leaves(Hung et al.,2004).In rice,both VAL1 and GARS encode glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase that mediates the second step in purine biosynthesis.展开更多
The productivity of fruit crops is badly affected by abrupt changes in climatic conditions.It is a matter of concern for fruit tree researchers to feed the huge population within the available resources.The adverse ef...The productivity of fruit crops is badly affected by abrupt changes in climatic conditions.It is a matter of concern for fruit tree researchers to feed the huge population within the available resources.The adverse effects of abiotic stresses are increasing due to fluctuations in climate change.Several abiotic stresses(salinity,drought,water logging,minerals deficiency,temperature extremities and heavy metals)are reducing the overall productivity of crops.Therefore,the application of different management approaches,i.e.,phytohormones,nanoparticles,organic amendments,microbes and molecular aspects are effective for the mitigation of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.The aim of the present review was to explore the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)to lessen the adverse effects of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.Fruit crops are important sources of minerals and vitamins.ZnO-NPs could improve the tolerance mechanism of fruit crops by reducing oxidative harm.Moreover,these are involved in boosting the antioxidant properties of fruit trees.Regular formation of photosynthetic pigments involved in the regulation of the photosynthesis process through ZnO-NPs applications under adverse conditions.Their use can contribute to the regulation of several metabolic processes that occur in plants subjected to abiotic stresses.The disturbances in photosynthetic pigments,irregular metabolic processes and generation of toxic substances are causing stunted growth,low yield and poor fruit quality.Hence,the application of ZnO-NPs is important for the sustainable production of fruit crops by improving seedlings’growth and fruit quality via activation of the plant defense system.However,higher concentration of nanoparticles results in growth inhibition and poor yield due to cytotoxicity,oxidative stress,and genotoxicity.Therefore,nanoparticle interaction with fruit crops needs more consideration at the epigenetic level for the mitigation of multiple stresses.展开更多
Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),a novel contaminant,is extensively found in aquatic environments.However,the capability of the denitrifying phosphorus removal process to treat PFOA-containing wastewater,as well as its re...Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),a novel contaminant,is extensively found in aquatic environments.However,the capability of the denitrifying phosphorus removal process to treat PFOA-containing wastewater,as well as its response mechanisms,are unclear.This study used batch experiments to assess the short-term impact of PFOA on denitrifying phosphorus removal systems.During a single cycle,the addition of PFOA predominantly enhanced phosphate removal in the system mainly by the anaerobic phosphorus release pathway,but had no substantial effect on nitrogen removal.COD removal efficiency has a substantial positive correlation with C6-HSL and C8-HSL concentrations.As the PFOA concentration increased,the ROS concentration and enzyme activity also increased,while the PN/PS ratio decreased,causing the sludge to become looser.At the beginning of the second cycle,the impact of PFOA on phosphorus removal efficiency shifted from promotion to inhibition.These findings shed fresh light on the influence of PFOA on the denitrifying phosphorus removal mechanism,potentially furthering its use in the treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater.展开更多
Vertebrate Msx genes are unlinked,homeobox-containing genes that bear homology to the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox gene.These genes are expressed at multiple sites of tissue-tissue interactions during vertebrate...Vertebrate Msx genes are unlinked,homeobox-containing genes that bear homology to the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox gene.These genes are expressed at multiple sites of tissue-tissue interactions during vertebrate embryonic development.Inductive interactions mediated by the Msx genes are essential for normal craniofacial,limb and ectodermal organ morphogenesis,and are also essential to survival in mice,as manifested by the phenotypic abnormalities shown in knockout mice and in humans.This review summarizes studies on the expression,regulation,and functional analysis of Msx genes that bear relevance to craniofacial development in humans and mice.展开更多
The cellular basis of bone marrow （BM） tissue development and regeneration is mediated through hematopoietic stem cells （HSCs） and mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs）. Local interplays between hematopoietic cells and ...The cellular basis of bone marrow （BM） tissue development and regeneration is mediated through hematopoietic stem cells （HSCs） and mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs）. Local interplays between hematopoietic cells and BM stromal cells （BMSCs） determine the reconstitution of hematopoiesis after myelosuppression. Here we review the BM local signals in control of BM regeneration after insults. Hematopoietic growth factors （HGFs） and cytokines produced by BMSCs are primary factors in regulation ofBM hematopoiesis. Morphogens which are critical to early embryo development in multiple species have been added to the family of HSCs regulators, including families of Wnt proteins, Notch ligands, BMPs, and Hedgehogs. Global gene expression analysis of HSCs and BMSCs has begun to reveal signature groups of genes for both cell types. More importantly, analysis of global gene expression coupled with biochemical and biological studies of local signals during BM regeneration have strongly suggested that HGFs and cytokines may not be the primary local regulators for BM recovery, rather chemokines （SDF- 1, FGF-4） and angiogenic growth factors （VEGF-A, Ang- 1） play instructive roles in BM reconstitution after myelosuppression. A new direction of management of BM toxicity is emerging from the identification of BM regenerative regulators.展开更多
Lactate,a byproduct of glycolysis,was thought to be a metabolic waste until the discovery of the Warburg effect.Lactate not only functions as a metabolic substrate to provide energy but can also function as a signalin...Lactate,a byproduct of glycolysis,was thought to be a metabolic waste until the discovery of the Warburg effect.Lactate not only functions as a metabolic substrate to provide energy but can also function as a signaling molecule to modulate cellular functions under pathophysiological conditions.The Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle has cla rified that lactate plays a pivotal role in the central nervous system.Moreover,protein lactylation highlights the novel role of lactate in regulating transcription,cellular functions,and disease development.This review summarizes the recent advances in lactate metabolism and its role in neurodegenerative diseases,thus providing optimal pers pectives for future research.展开更多
Microbial consortia are ubiquitous in nature,in which multiple microbial species cooperate to complete some important tasks such as lignocellulose degradation.Because of the advantages such as reduced metabolic burden...Microbial consortia are ubiquitous in nature,in which multiple microbial species cooperate to complete some important tasks such as lignocellulose degradation.Because of the advantages such as reduced metabolic burden and robustness to environment disturbances,developing a microbial consortium is a promising approach for valuable product synthesis,lignocellulose utilization,human health care,bioremediation and sustainable energy,etc.Despite the benefits,however,most artificial microbial consortia confront the problems of instability and low efficiency due to growth competition and metabolite incompatibility.To overcome these challenges,multiple strategies to design efficient synthetic microbial consortia have been reported.In this review,the interactions that determine the stability and performance of microbial consortia were described.Progress of artificial microbial consortia research was summarized,and the key strategies i.e.,spatial or temporal segregation,separated utilization of nutrients,nutrient cross-feeding and division of labor,that will be of great importance for achieving a stable and efficient microbial consortium were highlighted.Two novel advanced tools,signaling molecule systems and computational models,were also introduced and discussed.We believed that combining the universal cell–cell signaling molecule systems with computational models will be promising for synthetic microbial consortia construction in the future.展开更多
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR), a glycoprotein with 1480 amino acids, has been well established as a chloride channel mainly expressed in the epithelial cells of various tissues and organs s...Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR), a glycoprotein with 1480 amino acids, has been well established as a chloride channel mainly expressed in the epithelial cells of various tissues and organs such as lungs, sweat glands, gastrointestinal system, and reproductive organs. Although defective CFTR leads to cystic fibrosis, a common genetic disorder in the Caucasian population, there is accumulating evidence that suggests a novel role of CFTR in various cancers, especially in gastroenterological cancers, such as pancreatic cancer and colon cancer. In this review, we summarize the emerging findings that link CFTR with various cancers, with focus on the association between CFTR defects and gastrointestinal cancers as well as the underlying mechanisms. Further study of CFTR in cancer biology may help pave a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.展开更多
Nano-enabled agriculture is an emerging hot topic.To facilitate the development of nano-enabled agriculture,reviews addressing or discussing the applications,knowledge gap,future research needs,and possible new resear...Nano-enabled agriculture is an emerging hot topic.To facilitate the development of nano-enabled agriculture,reviews addressing or discussing the applications,knowledge gap,future research needs,and possible new research field of plant nanobiotechnology in agricultural production are encouraged.Here we review the following topics in plant nanobiotechnology for agriculture:1)improving stress tolerance,2)stress sensing and early detection,3)targeted delivery and controlled release of agrochemicals,4)transgenic events in non-model crop species,and 5)seed nanopriming.We discuss the knowledge gaps in these topics.Besides the use of nanomaterials for harvesting more electrons to improve photosynthetic performance,they could be used to convert n IR and UV to visible light to expand the light spectrum for photosynthesis.We discuss this approach to maintaining plant photosynthesis under light-insufficient conditions.Our aim in this review is to aid researchers to learn quickly how to use plant nanobiotechnology for improving agricultural production.展开更多
Quorum sensing (QS) refers to the cell communication through signaling molecules that regulate many important biological functions of bacteria by monitoring their population density. Although a wide spectrum of studie...Quorum sensing (QS) refers to the cell communication through signaling molecules that regulate many important biological functions of bacteria by monitoring their population density. Although a wide spectrum of studies on the QS system mechanisms have been carried out in experiments, mathematical modeling to explore the QS system has become a powerful approach as well. In this paper, we review the research progress of network modeling in bacterial QS to capture the system's underlying mechanisms. There are four types of QS system models for bacteria: the Gram-negative QS system model, the Gram-positive QS system model, the model for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive QS system, and the synthetic QS system model. These QS system models are mostly described by the ordinary differential equations (ODE) or partial differential equations (PDE) to study the changes of signaling molecule dynamics in time and space and the cell population density variations. Besides the deterministic simulations, the stochastic modeling approaches have also been introduced to discuss the noise effects on kinetics in QS systems. Taken together, these current modeling efforts advance our understanding of the QS system by providing systematic and quantitative dynamics description, which can hardly be obtained in experiments.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Open Project of Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park of Wuhan University of Technology(No.2022KF0005)Researchers Supporting Project(No.RSP-2024-R20)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘As a recently emerging wastewater treatment technology,Algal-bacterial granular sludge(ABGS)process shows significant advantages.However,current research on the ABGS system is a lack of a clear and complete understanding of the potential mechanism of signal molecules on the growth of ABGS.This study comprehensively explores the variations in the ABGS under different N-acyl-homoserine lactone(AHL)conditions by constructing three sequencing batch reactor(SBR)systems.The results indicate that N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone(C6-HSL)accelerates the granulation process in the early stages by promoting the loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances(LB-EPS)secretion and filamentous bacteria growth,thereby shortening required time for initial granule formation.On the other hand,N-(3-oxodecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone(3-oxo-C12-HSL)expedites the granulation process by promoting the tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances(TB-EPS)and aromatic protein secretion,benefiting structural stability and nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of mature ABGS.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200503)grants from the Open Competition Program of Top Ten Critical Priorities of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation for the 14th Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province(2022SDZG05)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91535101,32272644,32330095)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515010439)。
文摘Polyamines(PAs)are nitrogenous and polycationic compounds containing more than two amine residues.Numerous investigations have demonstrated that cellular PA homeostasis plays a key role in various developmental and physiological processes.The PA balance,which may be affected by many environmental factors,is finely maintained by the pathways of PA biosynthesis and degradation(catabolism).In this review,the advances in PA transport and distribution and their roles in plants were summarized and discussed.In addition,the interplay between PAs and phytohormones,NO,and H_(2)O_(2)were detailed during plant growth,senescence,fruit repining,as well as response to biotic and abiotic stresses.Moreover,it was elucidated how environmental signals such as light,temperature,and humidity modulate PA accumulation during plant development.Notably,PA has been shown to exert a potential role in shaping the domestication of rice.The present review comprehensively summarizes these latest advances,high-lighting the importance of PAs as endogenous signaling molecules in plants,and as well proposes future perspectives on PA research.
基金financially supported by the Program for Discipline Construction in Sichuan Agricultural University(to G.Liu,No.03570126)
文摘This study evaluated the effects of arginine(Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate(NCG) on inflammation, antioxidant property, and antioxidant-related gene expression in rat spleen under oxidative stress. A total of 52 rats were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups with 13 replicates per group. Rats were fed a basal diet(BD) or BD supplemented with Arg or NCG for 30 days. On day 28, half of the BD-fed rats were intraperitoneally injected with sterile saline(control group), and the other half with 12 mg/kg body weight of diquat(DT; DT group). The other 2 diet groups were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of DT with either Arg(1%)(DT t Arg) or NCG(0.1%)(DT t NCG). Rat spleen samples were collected for analysis at 48 h after DT injection. Results showed that DT damaged the antioxidant defense in rats compared with the control group(P < 0.05). Compared with the DT group, the DT t Arg and DT t NCG groups manifested improved anti-hydroxyl radical, catalase, and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) activities, increased glutathione content(P < 0.05), and decreased malondialdehyde content(P < 0.05).Moreover, compared with the DT group, the DT t Arg and DT t NCG groups enhanced mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1), glutathione reductase(GR), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap-1), and mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR)(P < 0.05). Both NCG and Arg significantly increased anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA level but suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression under oxidative stress(P < 0.05). In summary, NCG and Arg effectively alleviated oxidative stress, improved the antioxidant capacity and regulated the antioxidant-related signaling molecular expression in rat spleen. N-carbamylglutamate and Arg reduced the inflammation in the spleen by mediating the gene expression of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30500339)the Natural Science Foundation Program of Zhejiang Province(Y407308)
文摘Jasmonates and related compounds, including amino acid conjugates of jasmonic acid, have regulatory functions in the signaling pathway for plant developmental processes and responses to the complex equilibrium of biotic and abiotic stress. But the molecular details of the signaling mechanism are still poorly understood. Statistically significant quantitative structure-property relationship models （r^2 〉 0.990） constructed by genetic function approximation and molecular field analysis were generated for the purpose of deriving structural requirements for lipophilicity of amino acid conjugates of jasmonic acid. The best models derived in the present study provide some valuable academic information in terms of the 2/3D-descriptors influencing the lipophilicity, which may contribute to further understanding the mechanism of exogenous application ofjasmonates in their signaling pathway and designing novel analogs of jasmonic acid as ecological pesticides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070214,31670267)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662020SKY008).
文摘Stomatal aperture controls the balance between transpirational water loss and photosynthetic carbon dioxide(CO2)uptake.Stomata are surrounded by pairs of guard cells that sense and transduce environmental or stress signals to induce diverse endogenous responses for adaptation to environmental changes.In a recent decade,hydrogen sulfide(H2S)has been recognized as a signaling molecule that regulates stomatal movement.In this review,we summarize recent progress in research on the regulatory role of H2S in stomatal movement,including the dynamic regulation of phytohormones,ion homeostasis,and cell structural components.We focus especially on the cross talk among H2S,nitric oxide(NO),and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)in guard cells,as well as on H2S-mediated post-translational protein modification(cysteine thiol persulfidation).Finally,we summarize the mechanisms by which H2S interacts with other signaling molecules in plants under abiotic or biotic stress.Based on evidence and clues from existing research,we propose some issues that need to be addressed in the future.
基金L.W.was supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program(Type-BProject number:XDB27040214).
文摘The evolutionarily conserved Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor(TIR)domains across kingdoms of prokaryotes,plants,and animals play critical roles in innate immunity.Recent studies have revealed the enzymatic functions of TIRs,the structural bases of TIRs as holoenzymes,and the identity of TIR-generated small signaling molecules and their receptors,which significantly advanced our understanding on TIR-mediated immune signaling pathways.We reviewed the most up-to-date findings in TIR enzymatic functions from the perspectives of signaling molecules and receptor mechanisms.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31925032 and 31870143).
文摘Plant intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)receptors with an N-terminal Toll/Interleukin-1 recep-tor(TIR)domain detect pathogen effectors to produce TIR-catalyzed signaling molecules for activation of plant immunity.Plant immune signaling by TIR-containing NLR(TNL)proteins converges on Enhanced Disease Suscepti-bility 1(EDS1)and its direct partners Phytoalexin Deficient 4(PAD4)or Senescence-Associated Gene 101(SAG101).TNL signaling also require helper NLRs N requirement gene 1(NRG1)and activated disease resistance 1(ADR1).In two recent remarkable papers published in Science,the authors show that the TIR-containing proteins catalyze and produce two types of signaling molecules,ADPr-ATP/diADPR and pRib-AMP/ADP.Importantly,they demonstrate that EDS1-SAG101 and EDS1-PAD4 modules are the receptor complexes for ADPr-ATP/diADPRp and Rib-AMP/ADP,respec-tively,which allosterically promote EDS1-SAG101 interaction with NRG1 and EDS1-PAD4 interaction with ADR1.Thus,two different small molecules catalyzed by TIR-containing proteins selectively activate the downstream two distinct branches of EDS1-mediated immune signalings.These breakthrough studies significantly advance our understanding of TNL downstream signaling pathway.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30400224 and 30370342the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China, 973 Program, No. 2004CB520802
文摘AIM： Cell adhesion molecules and their signal molecules play a very important role in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of these molecules and the signal molecules of integrins and E-cadherins, such as （focal adhesion kinase） FAK, （integrin linked kinase） ILK, and β-catenin in hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis. METHODS： We first synthesized the small molecular compound, S-（1,2-dichlorovinyl）-L-cysteine （DCVC）, and identified it, by element analysis and ^1H NMR. To establish the apoptosis model of the SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cell, we treated cells with DCVC in EBSS for different concentrations or for various length times in the presence of 20 μmol/L N,N-cliphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, which blocks necrotic cell death and identified this model by flow cytometry and DNA ladder. Then we studied the changes of FAK, ILK, β-catenin, and PKB in this apoptotic model by Western blot. RESULTS： We found that the loss or decrease of cell adhesion signal molecules is an important reason in apoptosis of SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cell and the apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cell was preceded by the loss or decrease of FAK, ILK, PKB, and β-catenin or the damage of cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion. CONCLUSION： Our results suggested that the decrease of adhesion signal molecules, FAK, ILK, PKB, and β-catenin, could induce hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis.
文摘Liver regeneration is a complex and well-orchestrated process,during which hepatic cells are activated to produce large signal molecules in response to liver injury or mass reduction.These signal molecules,in turn,set up the connections and cross-talk among liver cells to promote hepatic recovery.In this review,we endeavor to summarize the network of signal molecules that mediates hepatic cell communication in the regulation of liver regeneration.
基金Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake,Grant Number HZHLAB2201.
文摘Carbon monoxide(CO)and nitric oxide(NO)are signal molecules that enhance plant adaptation to environmental stimuli.Auxin is an essential phytohormone for plant growth and development.CO and NO play crucial roles in modulating the plant’s response to iron deficiency.Iron deficiency leads to an increase in the activity of heme oxygenase(HO)and the subsequent generation of CO.Additionally,it alters the polar subcellular distribution of Pin-Formed 1(PIN1)proteins,resulting in enhanced auxin transport.This alteration,in turn,leads to an increase in NO accumulation.Furthermore,iron deficiency enhances the activity of ferric chelate reductase(FCR),as well as the expression of the Fer-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor 1(FIT)and the ferric reduction oxidase 2(FRO2)genes in plant roots.Overexpression of the long hypocotyl 1(HY1)gene,which encodes heme oxygenase,or the CO donor treatment resulted in enhanced basipetal auxin transport,higher FCR activity,and the expression of FIT and FRO2 genes under Fe deficiency.Here,a potential mechanism is proposed:CO and NO interact with auxin to address iron deficiency stress.CO alters auxin transport,enhancing its accumulation in roots and up-regulating key iron-related genes like FRO2 and IRT1.Elevated auxin levels affect NO signaling,leading to greater sensitivity in root development.This interplay promotes FCR activity,which is crucial for iron absorption.Together,these molecules enhance iron uptake and root growth,revealing a novel aspect of plant physiology in adapting to environmental stress.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32202485)the Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars from Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.2024JQ02)+1 种基金the Zhongyuan Sci-Tech Innovation Leading Talents(Grant No.244200510041)the Key SciTech R&D Project of Joint Foundation in Henan Province(Grant No.232301420024).
文摘Purines are building blocks for DNA and RNA,found as the energy currency of cells(ATP and GTP),used as signaling molecules(cGMP,cAMP and ATP),and served as precursors for synthesizing primary products such as polysaccharides,sucrose,and phospholipids as well as secondary products(Stasolla et al.,2003;Pareek et al.,2020).Thus,the synthesis of purines is a critical pathway in the cells of all living organisms.Purines can be synthesized through two pathways:de novo and salvage(Stasolla et al.,2003).Recent investigations revealed that purine synthesis is vital for the proper development of chloroplasts in plants.In Arabidopsis,CIA1 encodes the enzyme glutamine phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase,which catalyzes the first committed step of purine de novo biosynthesis,the loss-of-function mutant cia1 shows small,pale-green mosaic leaves(Hung et al.,2004).In rice,both VAL1 and GARS encode glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase that mediates the second step in purine biosynthesis.
文摘The productivity of fruit crops is badly affected by abrupt changes in climatic conditions.It is a matter of concern for fruit tree researchers to feed the huge population within the available resources.The adverse effects of abiotic stresses are increasing due to fluctuations in climate change.Several abiotic stresses(salinity,drought,water logging,minerals deficiency,temperature extremities and heavy metals)are reducing the overall productivity of crops.Therefore,the application of different management approaches,i.e.,phytohormones,nanoparticles,organic amendments,microbes and molecular aspects are effective for the mitigation of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.The aim of the present review was to explore the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)to lessen the adverse effects of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.Fruit crops are important sources of minerals and vitamins.ZnO-NPs could improve the tolerance mechanism of fruit crops by reducing oxidative harm.Moreover,these are involved in boosting the antioxidant properties of fruit trees.Regular formation of photosynthetic pigments involved in the regulation of the photosynthesis process through ZnO-NPs applications under adverse conditions.Their use can contribute to the regulation of several metabolic processes that occur in plants subjected to abiotic stresses.The disturbances in photosynthetic pigments,irregular metabolic processes and generation of toxic substances are causing stunted growth,low yield and poor fruit quality.Hence,the application of ZnO-NPs is important for the sustainable production of fruit crops by improving seedlings’growth and fruit quality via activation of the plant defense system.However,higher concentration of nanoparticles results in growth inhibition and poor yield due to cytotoxicity,oxidative stress,and genotoxicity.Therefore,nanoparticle interaction with fruit crops needs more consideration at the epigenetic level for the mitigation of multiple stresses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50808128).
文摘Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),a novel contaminant,is extensively found in aquatic environments.However,the capability of the denitrifying phosphorus removal process to treat PFOA-containing wastewater,as well as its response mechanisms,are unclear.This study used batch experiments to assess the short-term impact of PFOA on denitrifying phosphorus removal systems.During a single cycle,the addition of PFOA predominantly enhanced phosphate removal in the system mainly by the anaerobic phosphorus release pathway,but had no substantial effect on nitrogen removal.COD removal efficiency has a substantial positive correlation with C6-HSL and C8-HSL concentrations.As the PFOA concentration increased,the ROS concentration and enzyme activity also increased,while the PN/PS ratio decreased,causing the sludge to become looser.At the beginning of the second cycle,the impact of PFOA on phosphorus removal efficiency shifted from promotion to inhibition.These findings shed fresh light on the influence of PFOA on the denitrifying phosphorus removal mechanism,potentially furthering its use in the treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater.
基金supported by the NIH grants(R01DE12329,R01DE14044,P60DE13076)the National Science Foundation grant(IBN-9796321)the Millenium Trust Health Excellence Fund(HEF-2000-05-04)from the Louisiana Bpard of Regents
文摘Vertebrate Msx genes are unlinked,homeobox-containing genes that bear homology to the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox gene.These genes are expressed at multiple sites of tissue-tissue interactions during vertebrate embryonic development.Inductive interactions mediated by the Msx genes are essential for normal craniofacial,limb and ectodermal organ morphogenesis,and are also essential to survival in mice,as manifested by the phenotypic abnormalities shown in knockout mice and in humans.This review summarizes studies on the expression,regulation,and functional analysis of Msx genes that bear relevance to craniofacial development in humans and mice.
文摘The cellular basis of bone marrow （BM） tissue development and regeneration is mediated through hematopoietic stem cells （HSCs） and mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs）. Local interplays between hematopoietic cells and BM stromal cells （BMSCs） determine the reconstitution of hematopoiesis after myelosuppression. Here we review the BM local signals in control of BM regeneration after insults. Hematopoietic growth factors （HGFs） and cytokines produced by BMSCs are primary factors in regulation ofBM hematopoiesis. Morphogens which are critical to early embryo development in multiple species have been added to the family of HSCs regulators, including families of Wnt proteins, Notch ligands, BMPs, and Hedgehogs. Global gene expression analysis of HSCs and BMSCs has begun to reveal signature groups of genes for both cell types. More importantly, analysis of global gene expression coupled with biochemical and biological studies of local signals during BM regeneration have strongly suggested that HGFs and cytokines may not be the primary local regulators for BM recovery, rather chemokines （SDF- 1, FGF-4） and angiogenic growth factors （VEGF-A, Ang- 1） play instructive roles in BM reconstitution after myelosuppression. A new direction of management of BM toxicity is emerging from the identification of BM regenerative regulators.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82230042 and 81930029(to ZY),U2004201(to FG and RYP)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2020M683748(to RYP)。
文摘Lactate,a byproduct of glycolysis,was thought to be a metabolic waste until the discovery of the Warburg effect.Lactate not only functions as a metabolic substrate to provide energy but can also function as a signaling molecule to modulate cellular functions under pathophysiological conditions.The Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle has cla rified that lactate plays a pivotal role in the central nervous system.Moreover,protein lactylation highlights the novel role of lactate in regulating transcription,cellular functions,and disease development.This review summarizes the recent advances in lactate metabolism and its role in neurodegenerative diseases,thus providing optimal pers pectives for future research.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0902200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21776157No.22078173).
文摘Microbial consortia are ubiquitous in nature,in which multiple microbial species cooperate to complete some important tasks such as lignocellulose degradation.Because of the advantages such as reduced metabolic burden and robustness to environment disturbances,developing a microbial consortium is a promising approach for valuable product synthesis,lignocellulose utilization,human health care,bioremediation and sustainable energy,etc.Despite the benefits,however,most artificial microbial consortia confront the problems of instability and low efficiency due to growth competition and metabolite incompatibility.To overcome these challenges,multiple strategies to design efficient synthetic microbial consortia have been reported.In this review,the interactions that determine the stability and performance of microbial consortia were described.Progress of artificial microbial consortia research was summarized,and the key strategies i.e.,spatial or temporal segregation,separated utilization of nutrients,nutrient cross-feeding and division of labor,that will be of great importance for achieving a stable and efficient microbial consortium were highlighted.Two novel advanced tools,signaling molecule systems and computational models,were also introduced and discussed.We believed that combining the universal cell–cell signaling molecule systems with computational models will be promising for synthetic microbial consortia construction in the future.
基金Supported by American Cancer Society Institutional Research to Li C,No.11-053-01-IRGNational Institutes of Health grant HL128647
文摘Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR), a glycoprotein with 1480 amino acids, has been well established as a chloride channel mainly expressed in the epithelial cells of various tissues and organs such as lungs, sweat glands, gastrointestinal system, and reproductive organs. Although defective CFTR leads to cystic fibrosis, a common genetic disorder in the Caucasian population, there is accumulating evidence that suggests a novel role of CFTR in various cancers, especially in gastroenterological cancers, such as pancreatic cancer and colon cancer. In this review, we summarize the emerging findings that link CFTR with various cancers, with focus on the association between CFTR defects and gastrointestinal cancers as well as the underlying mechanisms. Further study of CFTR in cancer biology may help pave a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071971,31901464)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662020ZKPY001)the Joint Project from Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health,Huazhong Agricultural University and Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to Honghong Wu(SZYJY2021008)。
文摘Nano-enabled agriculture is an emerging hot topic.To facilitate the development of nano-enabled agriculture,reviews addressing or discussing the applications,knowledge gap,future research needs,and possible new research field of plant nanobiotechnology in agricultural production are encouraged.Here we review the following topics in plant nanobiotechnology for agriculture:1)improving stress tolerance,2)stress sensing and early detection,3)targeted delivery and controlled release of agrochemicals,4)transgenic events in non-model crop species,and 5)seed nanopriming.We discuss the knowledge gaps in these topics.Besides the use of nanomaterials for harvesting more electrons to improve photosynthetic performance,they could be used to convert n IR and UV to visible light to expand the light spectrum for photosynthesis.We discuss this approach to maintaining plant photosynthesis under light-insufficient conditions.Our aim in this review is to aid researchers to learn quickly how to use plant nanobiotechnology for improving agricultural production.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11704318,11675134,and 11874310)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2016M602071).
文摘Quorum sensing (QS) refers to the cell communication through signaling molecules that regulate many important biological functions of bacteria by monitoring their population density. Although a wide spectrum of studies on the QS system mechanisms have been carried out in experiments, mathematical modeling to explore the QS system has become a powerful approach as well. In this paper, we review the research progress of network modeling in bacterial QS to capture the system's underlying mechanisms. There are four types of QS system models for bacteria: the Gram-negative QS system model, the Gram-positive QS system model, the model for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive QS system, and the synthetic QS system model. These QS system models are mostly described by the ordinary differential equations (ODE) or partial differential equations (PDE) to study the changes of signaling molecule dynamics in time and space and the cell population density variations. Besides the deterministic simulations, the stochastic modeling approaches have also been introduced to discuss the noise effects on kinetics in QS systems. Taken together, these current modeling efforts advance our understanding of the QS system by providing systematic and quantitative dynamics description, which can hardly be obtained in experiments.
