AIM： Cell adhesion molecules and their signal molecules play a very important role in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of these molecules and the signal molecules of integrins and E-cadh...AIM： Cell adhesion molecules and their signal molecules play a very important role in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of these molecules and the signal molecules of integrins and E-cadherins, such as （focal adhesion kinase） FAK, （integrin linked kinase） ILK, and β-catenin in hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis. METHODS： We first synthesized the small molecular compound, S-（1,2-dichlorovinyl）-L-cysteine （DCVC）, and identified it, by element analysis and ^1H NMR. To establish the apoptosis model of the SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cell, we treated cells with DCVC in EBSS for different concentrations or for various length times in the presence of 20 μmol/L N,N-cliphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, which blocks necrotic cell death and identified this model by flow cytometry and DNA ladder. Then we studied the changes of FAK, ILK, β-catenin, and PKB in this apoptotic model by Western blot. RESULTS： We found that the loss or decrease of cell adhesion signal molecules is an important reason in apoptosis of SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cell and the apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cell was preceded by the loss or decrease of FAK, ILK, PKB, and β-catenin or the damage of cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion. CONCLUSION： Our results suggested that the decrease of adhesion signal molecules, FAK, ILK, PKB, and β-catenin, could induce hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis.展开更多
Liver regeneration is a complex and well-orchestrated process,during which hepatic cells are activated to produce large signal molecules in response to liver injury or mass reduction.These signal molecules,in turn,set...Liver regeneration is a complex and well-orchestrated process,during which hepatic cells are activated to produce large signal molecules in response to liver injury or mass reduction.These signal molecules,in turn,set up the connections and cross-talk among liver cells to promote hepatic recovery.In this review,we endeavor to summarize the network of signal molecules that mediates hepatic cell communication in the regulation of liver regeneration.展开更多
As a recently emerging wastewater treatment technology,Algal-bacterial granular sludge(ABGS)process shows significant advantages.However,current research on the ABGS system is a lack of a clear and complete understand...As a recently emerging wastewater treatment technology,Algal-bacterial granular sludge(ABGS)process shows significant advantages.However,current research on the ABGS system is a lack of a clear and complete understanding of the potential mechanism of signal molecules on the growth of ABGS.This study comprehensively explores the variations in the ABGS under different N-acyl-homoserine lactone(AHL)conditions by constructing three sequencing batch reactor(SBR)systems.The results indicate that N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone(C6-HSL)accelerates the granulation process in the early stages by promoting the loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances(LB-EPS)secretion and filamentous bacteria growth,thereby shortening required time for initial granule formation.On the other hand,N-(3-oxodecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone(3-oxo-C12-HSL)expedites the granulation process by promoting the tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances(TB-EPS)and aromatic protein secretion,benefiting structural stability and nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of mature ABGS.展开更多
Objective The purpose of the present study was to observe the changes in CD4＋CD25＋Nrpl＋Treg cells after irradiation with different doses and explore the possible molecular mechanisms involved. Methods ICR mice and ...Objective The purpose of the present study was to observe the changes in CD4＋CD25＋Nrpl＋Treg cells after irradiation with different doses and explore the possible molecular mechanisms involved. Methods ICR mice and mouse lymphoma cell line （EL-4 cells） was used. The expressions of CD4, CD25, Nrpl, calcineurin and PKC-α were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of TGF-131, IL-10, PKA and cAMP were estimated with ELISA. Results At 12 h after irradiation, the expression of Nrpl increased significantly in 4.0 Gy group, compared with sham-irradiation group （P〈0.05） in the spleen and thymus, respectively, when ICR mice received whole-body irradiation （WBI）. Meanwhile the synthesis of Interleukin 10 （IL-20） and transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） increased significantly after high dose irradiation （HDR） （〉 or = 1.0 Gy）. In addition, the expression of cAMP and PKA protein increased, while PKC-α, calcineurin decreased at 12h in thymus cells after 4.0 Gy X-irradiation. While TGF-β1 was clearly inhibited when the PLC-PIP2 signal pathway was stimulated or the cAMP-PKA signal pathway was blocked after 4.0 Gy X-irradiation, this did not limit the up-regulation of CD4＋CD25＋Nrpl＋Treg cells after ionizing radiation. Conclusion These results indicated that HDR might induce CD4＋CD25＋Nrpl＋Treg cells production and stimulate TGF-β1 secretion by regulating signal molecules in mice.展开更多
Carbon monoxide(CO)and nitric oxide(NO)are signal molecules that enhance plant adaptation to environmental stimuli.Auxin is an essential phytohormone for plant growth and development.CO and NO play crucial roles in mo...Carbon monoxide(CO)and nitric oxide(NO)are signal molecules that enhance plant adaptation to environmental stimuli.Auxin is an essential phytohormone for plant growth and development.CO and NO play crucial roles in modulating the plant’s response to iron deficiency.Iron deficiency leads to an increase in the activity of heme oxygenase(HO)and the subsequent generation of CO.Additionally,it alters the polar subcellular distribution of Pin-Formed 1(PIN1)proteins,resulting in enhanced auxin transport.This alteration,in turn,leads to an increase in NO accumulation.Furthermore,iron deficiency enhances the activity of ferric chelate reductase(FCR),as well as the expression of the Fer-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor 1(FIT)and the ferric reduction oxidase 2(FRO2)genes in plant roots.Overexpression of the long hypocotyl 1(HY1)gene,which encodes heme oxygenase,or the CO donor treatment resulted in enhanced basipetal auxin transport,higher FCR activity,and the expression of FIT and FRO2 genes under Fe deficiency.Here,a potential mechanism is proposed:CO and NO interact with auxin to address iron deficiency stress.CO alters auxin transport,enhancing its accumulation in roots and up-regulating key iron-related genes like FRO2 and IRT1.Elevated auxin levels affect NO signaling,leading to greater sensitivity in root development.This interplay promotes FCR activity,which is crucial for iron absorption.Together,these molecules enhance iron uptake and root growth,revealing a novel aspect of plant physiology in adapting to environmental stress.展开更多
The cellular basis of bone marrow （BM） tissue development and regeneration is mediated through hematopoietic stem cells （HSCs） and mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs）. Local interplays between hematopoietic cells and ...The cellular basis of bone marrow （BM） tissue development and regeneration is mediated through hematopoietic stem cells （HSCs） and mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs）. Local interplays between hematopoietic cells and BM stromal cells （BMSCs） determine the reconstitution of hematopoiesis after myelosuppression. Here we review the BM local signals in control of BM regeneration after insults. Hematopoietic growth factors （HGFs） and cytokines produced by BMSCs are primary factors in regulation ofBM hematopoiesis. Morphogens which are critical to early embryo development in multiple species have been added to the family of HSCs regulators, including families of Wnt proteins, Notch ligands, BMPs, and Hedgehogs. Global gene expression analysis of HSCs and BMSCs has begun to reveal signature groups of genes for both cell types. More importantly, analysis of global gene expression coupled with biochemical and biological studies of local signals during BM regeneration have strongly suggested that HGFs and cytokines may not be the primary local regulators for BM recovery, rather chemokines （SDF- 1, FGF-4） and angiogenic growth factors （VEGF-A, Ang- 1） play instructive roles in BM reconstitution after myelosuppression. A new direction of management of BM toxicity is emerging from the identification of BM regenerative regulators.展开更多
Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),a novel contaminant,is extensively found in aquatic environments.However,the capability of the denitrifying phosphorus removal process to treat PFOA-containing wastewater,as well as its re...Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),a novel contaminant,is extensively found in aquatic environments.However,the capability of the denitrifying phosphorus removal process to treat PFOA-containing wastewater,as well as its response mechanisms,are unclear.This study used batch experiments to assess the short-term impact of PFOA on denitrifying phosphorus removal systems.During a single cycle,the addition of PFOA predominantly enhanced phosphate removal in the system mainly by the anaerobic phosphorus release pathway,but had no substantial effect on nitrogen removal.COD removal efficiency has a substantial positive correlation with C6-HSL and C8-HSL concentrations.As the PFOA concentration increased,the ROS concentration and enzyme activity also increased,while the PN/PS ratio decreased,causing the sludge to become looser.At the beginning of the second cycle,the impact of PFOA on phosphorus removal efficiency shifted from promotion to inhibition.These findings shed fresh light on the influence of PFOA on the denitrifying phosphorus removal mechanism,potentially furthering its use in the treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater.展开更多
Polyamines(PAs)are nitrogenous and polycationic compounds containing more than two amine residues.Numerous investigations have demonstrated that cellular PA homeostasis plays a key role in various developmental and ph...Polyamines(PAs)are nitrogenous and polycationic compounds containing more than two amine residues.Numerous investigations have demonstrated that cellular PA homeostasis plays a key role in various developmental and physiological processes.The PA balance,which may be affected by many environmental factors,is finely maintained by the pathways of PA biosynthesis and degradation(catabolism).In this review,the advances in PA transport and distribution and their roles in plants were summarized and discussed.In addition,the interplay between PAs and phytohormones,NO,and H_(2)O_(2)were detailed during plant growth,senescence,fruit repining,as well as response to biotic and abiotic stresses.Moreover,it was elucidated how environmental signals such as light,temperature,and humidity modulate PA accumulation during plant development.Notably,PA has been shown to exert a potential role in shaping the domestication of rice.The present review comprehensively summarizes these latest advances,high-lighting the importance of PAs as endogenous signaling molecules in plants,and as well proposes future perspectives on PA research.展开更多
Purines are building blocks for DNA and RNA,found as the energy currency of cells(ATP and GTP),used as signaling molecules(cGMP,cAMP and ATP),and served as precursors for synthesizing primary products such as polysacc...Purines are building blocks for DNA and RNA,found as the energy currency of cells(ATP and GTP),used as signaling molecules(cGMP,cAMP and ATP),and served as precursors for synthesizing primary products such as polysaccharides,sucrose,and phospholipids as well as secondary products(Stasolla et al.,2003;Pareek et al.,2020).Thus,the synthesis of purines is a critical pathway in the cells of all living organisms.Purines can be synthesized through two pathways:de novo and salvage(Stasolla et al.,2003).Recent investigations revealed that purine synthesis is vital for the proper development of chloroplasts in plants.In Arabidopsis,CIA1 encodes the enzyme glutamine phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase,which catalyzes the first committed step of purine de novo biosynthesis,the loss-of-function mutant cia1 shows small,pale-green mosaic leaves(Hung et al.,2004).In rice,both VAL1 and GARS encode glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase that mediates the second step in purine biosynthesis.展开更多
In a recent study published in Nature,Doglioni et al.now reveal an unexpected role for the amino acid aspartate as a signalling molecule that induces alternative translation that ultimately promotes lung metastasis th...In a recent study published in Nature,Doglioni et al.now reveal an unexpected role for the amino acid aspartate as a signalling molecule that induces alternative translation that ultimately promotes lung metastasis through enhanced collagen secretion.^(1) Metastasis remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and many aspects of the metastatic process remain poorly understood.展开更多
The productivity of fruit crops is badly affected by abrupt changes in climatic conditions.It is a matter of concern for fruit tree researchers to feed the huge population within the available resources.The adverse ef...The productivity of fruit crops is badly affected by abrupt changes in climatic conditions.It is a matter of concern for fruit tree researchers to feed the huge population within the available resources.The adverse effects of abiotic stresses are increasing due to fluctuations in climate change.Several abiotic stresses(salinity,drought,water logging,minerals deficiency,temperature extremities and heavy metals)are reducing the overall productivity of crops.Therefore,the application of different management approaches,i.e.,phytohormones,nanoparticles,organic amendments,microbes and molecular aspects are effective for the mitigation of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.The aim of the present review was to explore the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)to lessen the adverse effects of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.Fruit crops are important sources of minerals and vitamins.ZnO-NPs could improve the tolerance mechanism of fruit crops by reducing oxidative harm.Moreover,these are involved in boosting the antioxidant properties of fruit trees.Regular formation of photosynthetic pigments involved in the regulation of the photosynthesis process through ZnO-NPs applications under adverse conditions.Their use can contribute to the regulation of several metabolic processes that occur in plants subjected to abiotic stresses.The disturbances in photosynthetic pigments,irregular metabolic processes and generation of toxic substances are causing stunted growth,low yield and poor fruit quality.Hence,the application of ZnO-NPs is important for the sustainable production of fruit crops by improving seedlings’growth and fruit quality via activation of the plant defense system.However,higher concentration of nanoparticles results in growth inhibition and poor yield due to cytotoxicity,oxidative stress,and genotoxicity.Therefore,nanoparticle interaction with fruit crops needs more consideration at the epigenetic level for the mitigation of multiple stresses.展开更多
The prevention,early discovery and effective treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remain a global medical challenge.At present,HCC is still mainly treated by surgery,supplemented by vascular emboliz...The prevention,early discovery and effective treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remain a global medical challenge.At present,HCC is still mainly treated by surgery,supplemented by vascular embolization,radio frequency,radiotherapy,chemotherapy and biotherapy.The application of multikinase inhibitor sorafenib,chimeric antigen receptor T cells,or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can prolong the median survival of HCC patients.However,the treatment efficacy is still unsatisfactory due to HCC metastasis and postoperative recurrence.During the process of hepatocyte malignant transformation,HCC tissues can express and secrete many types of specific biomarkers,or oncogenic antigen molecules into blood,for example,alpha-fetoprotein,glypican-3,Wnt3a(one of the key signaling molecules in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway),insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-II or IGF-I receptor,vascular endothelial growth factor,secretory clusterin and so on.In addition,combining immunotherapy with noncoding RNAs might improve anti-cancer efficacy.These biomarkers not only contribute to HCC diagnosis or prognosis,but may also become molecular targets for HCC therapy under developing or clinical trials.This article reviews the progress in emerging biomarkers in basic research or clinical trials for HCC immunotherapy.展开更多
Lipoxygenases（LOXs） are a group of non-heme,iron-containing enzymes and extensively involved in plant growth and development,ripening and senescence,stress responses,biosynthesis of regulatory molecules and defense ...Lipoxygenases（LOXs） are a group of non-heme,iron-containing enzymes and extensively involved in plant growth and development,ripening and senescence,stress responses,biosynthesis of regulatory molecules and defense reaction.In our previous study,18 LOXs in melon genome were screened and identified,and five 13-LOX genes（CmLOX08,CmLOX10,CmLOX12,CmLOX13 and CmLOX18） were predicted to locate in chloroplast.Phylogenetic analysis result showed that the five genes have high homology with jasmonic acid（JA） biosynthesis-related LOXs from other plants.In addition,promoter analysis revealed that motifs of the five genes participate in gene expression regulated by hormones and stresses.Therefore,we analyzed the expressions of the five genes and LOX activity in leaves of four-leaf stage seedlings of oriental melon cultivar Yumeiren under abiotic stress：wounding,cold,high temperature and hydrogen peroxide（H_2O_2）,and signal molecule treatments：methyl jasmonate（MeJA）,abscisic acid（ABA） and salicylic acid（SA）.Real time qPCR revealed that wounding and H_2O_2 induced the expressions of all the five genes.Only CmLOX08 was induced by cold while only CmLOX13 was suppressed by high temperature.ABA induced the expressions of CmLOXIO and CmLOX12 while inhibited CmLOX13 and CmLOX18.MeJA increased the 3 genes expressions except CmLOX08 and CmLOX13,whereas SA decreased the effect,apart from CmLOX12.All the abiotic stresses and signal molecules treatments increased the LOX activity in leaves of oriental melon.In summary,the results suggest that the five genes have diverse functions in abiotic stress and hormone responses,and might participate in defense response.The data generated in this study will be helpful in subcellular localization and transgenic experiment to understand their precise roles in plant defense response.展开更多
Objective:To explore the main physiological mechanism of 15d-PGJ2 promoting periodontal tissue regeneration in patients with jaw defects caused by periodontal disease.Methods:From February 2016 to July 2019,a controll...Objective:To explore the main physiological mechanism of 15d-PGJ2 promoting periodontal tissue regeneration in patients with jaw defects caused by periodontal disease.Methods:From February 2016 to July 2019,a controlled study was conducted on 73 healthy residents(healthy group)and 73 patients(case group)with periodontal disease combined with jaw defects in Changsha medical university.T test was used to compare the growth factors of gingival crevicular fluid between the two groups.Peripheral blood cells;Cement-specific protein;Peripheral blood enzyme;Statistical differences in bone metabolites.The t test method compared the content of each index before and after treatment(15d-PGJ2 was treated at a dose of 200 mu/kg for 14 days).The method of factor analysis explores the internal correlation of each index.Result:RANKL,ICAM-1,TGF-β1,Th17,Treg,PDLSCs,SOST,CAP,HMGB1,CTSK,5-LOX,COX-2,NTX were higher in the case group than in the healthy group.In the case group,RANKL,ICAM-1,TGF-β1,Th17,Treg,PDLSCs,SOST,CAP,HMGB1,CTSK,5-LOX,COX-2,NTX were lower than those in the healthy group.The differences between the groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,IL-1β,IL-17,Bfgf,YKL-40,BMP-2,ICTP,PICP,CTX were significantly decreased after treatment.RANKL,ICAM-1,TGF-β1,Th17,Treg,PDLSCs,SOST,CAP,HMGB1,CTSK,5-LOX,COX-2,NTX were significantly increased.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Factor analysis shows that four common factors can be extracted from 21 indicators,and the cumulative contribution rate is 96.993%.Conclusions:The treatment of 15d-PGJ2 in patients with periodontal disease with maxillary defects can significantly affect the expression of multiple characteristic indicators,which may involve four mechanisms:dysregulation of cell differentiation or migration,local inflammation or immune imbalance,destruction of alveolar bone microstructure,load or stimulation,and remodeling.The specific pathway related to this is still to be further explored.展开更多
Vertebrate Msx genes are unlinked,homeobox-containing genes that bear homology to the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox gene.These genes are expressed at multiple sites of tissue-tissue interactions during vertebrate...Vertebrate Msx genes are unlinked,homeobox-containing genes that bear homology to the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox gene.These genes are expressed at multiple sites of tissue-tissue interactions during vertebrate embryonic development.Inductive interactions mediated by the Msx genes are essential for normal craniofacial,limb and ectodermal organ morphogenesis,and are also essential to survival in mice,as manifested by the phenotypic abnormalities shown in knockout mice and in humans.This review summarizes studies on the expression,regulation,and functional analysis of Msx genes that bear relevance to craniofacial development in humans and mice.展开更多
Lactate,a byproduct of glycolysis,was thought to be a metabolic waste until the discovery of the Warburg effect.Lactate not only functions as a metabolic substrate to provide energy but can also function as a signalin...Lactate,a byproduct of glycolysis,was thought to be a metabolic waste until the discovery of the Warburg effect.Lactate not only functions as a metabolic substrate to provide energy but can also function as a signaling molecule to modulate cellular functions under pathophysiological conditions.The Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle has cla rified that lactate plays a pivotal role in the central nervous system.Moreover,protein lactylation highlights the novel role of lactate in regulating transcription,cellular functions,and disease development.This review summarizes the recent advances in lactate metabolism and its role in neurodegenerative diseases,thus providing optimal pers pectives for future research.展开更多
This study evaluated the effects of arginine(Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate(NCG) on inflammation, antioxidant property, and antioxidant-related gene expression in rat spleen under oxidative stress. A total of 52 rats wer...This study evaluated the effects of arginine(Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate(NCG) on inflammation, antioxidant property, and antioxidant-related gene expression in rat spleen under oxidative stress. A total of 52 rats were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups with 13 replicates per group. Rats were fed a basal diet(BD) or BD supplemented with Arg or NCG for 30 days. On day 28, half of the BD-fed rats were intraperitoneally injected with sterile saline(control group), and the other half with 12 mg/kg body weight of diquat(DT; DT group). The other 2 diet groups were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of DT with either Arg(1%)(DT t Arg) or NCG(0.1%)(DT t NCG). Rat spleen samples were collected for analysis at 48 h after DT injection. Results showed that DT damaged the antioxidant defense in rats compared with the control group(P < 0.05). Compared with the DT group, the DT t Arg and DT t NCG groups manifested improved anti-hydroxyl radical, catalase, and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) activities, increased glutathione content(P < 0.05), and decreased malondialdehyde content(P < 0.05).Moreover, compared with the DT group, the DT t Arg and DT t NCG groups enhanced mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1), glutathione reductase(GR), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap-1), and mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR)(P < 0.05). Both NCG and Arg significantly increased anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA level but suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression under oxidative stress(P < 0.05). In summary, NCG and Arg effectively alleviated oxidative stress, improved the antioxidant capacity and regulated the antioxidant-related signaling molecular expression in rat spleen. N-carbamylglutamate and Arg reduced the inflammation in the spleen by mediating the gene expression of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).展开更多
Microbial consortia are ubiquitous in nature,in which multiple microbial species cooperate to complete some important tasks such as lignocellulose degradation.Because of the advantages such as reduced metabolic burden...Microbial consortia are ubiquitous in nature,in which multiple microbial species cooperate to complete some important tasks such as lignocellulose degradation.Because of the advantages such as reduced metabolic burden and robustness to environment disturbances,developing a microbial consortium is a promising approach for valuable product synthesis,lignocellulose utilization,human health care,bioremediation and sustainable energy,etc.Despite the benefits,however,most artificial microbial consortia confront the problems of instability and low efficiency due to growth competition and metabolite incompatibility.To overcome these challenges,multiple strategies to design efficient synthetic microbial consortia have been reported.In this review,the interactions that determine the stability and performance of microbial consortia were described.Progress of artificial microbial consortia research was summarized,and the key strategies i.e.,spatial or temporal segregation,separated utilization of nutrients,nutrient cross-feeding and division of labor,that will be of great importance for achieving a stable and efficient microbial consortium were highlighted.Two novel advanced tools,signaling molecule systems and computational models,were also introduced and discussed.We believed that combining the universal cell–cell signaling molecule systems with computational models will be promising for synthetic microbial consortia construction in the future.展开更多
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR), a glycoprotein with 1480 amino acids, has been well established as a chloride channel mainly expressed in the epithelial cells of various tissues and organs s...Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR), a glycoprotein with 1480 amino acids, has been well established as a chloride channel mainly expressed in the epithelial cells of various tissues and organs such as lungs, sweat glands, gastrointestinal system, and reproductive organs. Although defective CFTR leads to cystic fibrosis, a common genetic disorder in the Caucasian population, there is accumulating evidence that suggests a novel role of CFTR in various cancers, especially in gastroenterological cancers, such as pancreatic cancer and colon cancer. In this review, we summarize the emerging findings that link CFTR with various cancers, with focus on the association between CFTR defects and gastrointestinal cancers as well as the underlying mechanisms. Further study of CFTR in cancer biology may help pave a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.展开更多
Nano-enabled agriculture is an emerging hot topic.To facilitate the development of nano-enabled agriculture,reviews addressing or discussing the applications,knowledge gap,future research needs,and possible new resear...Nano-enabled agriculture is an emerging hot topic.To facilitate the development of nano-enabled agriculture,reviews addressing or discussing the applications,knowledge gap,future research needs,and possible new research field of plant nanobiotechnology in agricultural production are encouraged.Here we review the following topics in plant nanobiotechnology for agriculture:1)improving stress tolerance,2)stress sensing and early detection,3)targeted delivery and controlled release of agrochemicals,4)transgenic events in non-model crop species,and 5)seed nanopriming.We discuss the knowledge gaps in these topics.Besides the use of nanomaterials for harvesting more electrons to improve photosynthetic performance,they could be used to convert n IR and UV to visible light to expand the light spectrum for photosynthesis.We discuss this approach to maintaining plant photosynthesis under light-insufficient conditions.Our aim in this review is to aid researchers to learn quickly how to use plant nanobiotechnology for improving agricultural production.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30400224 and 30370342the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China, 973 Program, No. 2004CB520802
文摘AIM： Cell adhesion molecules and their signal molecules play a very important role in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of these molecules and the signal molecules of integrins and E-cadherins, such as （focal adhesion kinase） FAK, （integrin linked kinase） ILK, and β-catenin in hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis. METHODS： We first synthesized the small molecular compound, S-（1,2-dichlorovinyl）-L-cysteine （DCVC）, and identified it, by element analysis and ^1H NMR. To establish the apoptosis model of the SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cell, we treated cells with DCVC in EBSS for different concentrations or for various length times in the presence of 20 μmol/L N,N-cliphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, which blocks necrotic cell death and identified this model by flow cytometry and DNA ladder. Then we studied the changes of FAK, ILK, β-catenin, and PKB in this apoptotic model by Western blot. RESULTS： We found that the loss or decrease of cell adhesion signal molecules is an important reason in apoptosis of SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cell and the apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cell was preceded by the loss or decrease of FAK, ILK, PKB, and β-catenin or the damage of cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion. CONCLUSION： Our results suggested that the decrease of adhesion signal molecules, FAK, ILK, PKB, and β-catenin, could induce hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis.
文摘Liver regeneration is a complex and well-orchestrated process,during which hepatic cells are activated to produce large signal molecules in response to liver injury or mass reduction.These signal molecules,in turn,set up the connections and cross-talk among liver cells to promote hepatic recovery.In this review,we endeavor to summarize the network of signal molecules that mediates hepatic cell communication in the regulation of liver regeneration.
基金financially supported by the Open Project of Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park of Wuhan University of Technology(No.2022KF0005)Researchers Supporting Project(No.RSP-2024-R20)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘As a recently emerging wastewater treatment technology,Algal-bacterial granular sludge(ABGS)process shows significant advantages.However,current research on the ABGS system is a lack of a clear and complete understanding of the potential mechanism of signal molecules on the growth of ABGS.This study comprehensively explores the variations in the ABGS under different N-acyl-homoserine lactone(AHL)conditions by constructing three sequencing batch reactor(SBR)systems.The results indicate that N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone(C6-HSL)accelerates the granulation process in the early stages by promoting the loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances(LB-EPS)secretion and filamentous bacteria growth,thereby shortening required time for initial granule formation.On the other hand,N-(3-oxodecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone(3-oxo-C12-HSL)expedites the granulation process by promoting the tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances(TB-EPS)and aromatic protein secretion,benefiting structural stability and nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of mature ABGS.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30870584,No.81201737)the Doctoral Program Foundation of Institutions of Higher Education of China(No.20120061110063)
文摘Objective The purpose of the present study was to observe the changes in CD4＋CD25＋Nrpl＋Treg cells after irradiation with different doses and explore the possible molecular mechanisms involved. Methods ICR mice and mouse lymphoma cell line （EL-4 cells） was used. The expressions of CD4, CD25, Nrpl, calcineurin and PKC-α were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of TGF-131, IL-10, PKA and cAMP were estimated with ELISA. Results At 12 h after irradiation, the expression of Nrpl increased significantly in 4.0 Gy group, compared with sham-irradiation group （P〈0.05） in the spleen and thymus, respectively, when ICR mice received whole-body irradiation （WBI）. Meanwhile the synthesis of Interleukin 10 （IL-20） and transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） increased significantly after high dose irradiation （HDR） （〉 or = 1.0 Gy）. In addition, the expression of cAMP and PKA protein increased, while PKC-α, calcineurin decreased at 12h in thymus cells after 4.0 Gy X-irradiation. While TGF-β1 was clearly inhibited when the PLC-PIP2 signal pathway was stimulated or the cAMP-PKA signal pathway was blocked after 4.0 Gy X-irradiation, this did not limit the up-regulation of CD4＋CD25＋Nrpl＋Treg cells after ionizing radiation. Conclusion These results indicated that HDR might induce CD4＋CD25＋Nrpl＋Treg cells production and stimulate TGF-β1 secretion by regulating signal molecules in mice.
基金Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake,Grant Number HZHLAB2201.
文摘Carbon monoxide(CO)and nitric oxide(NO)are signal molecules that enhance plant adaptation to environmental stimuli.Auxin is an essential phytohormone for plant growth and development.CO and NO play crucial roles in modulating the plant’s response to iron deficiency.Iron deficiency leads to an increase in the activity of heme oxygenase(HO)and the subsequent generation of CO.Additionally,it alters the polar subcellular distribution of Pin-Formed 1(PIN1)proteins,resulting in enhanced auxin transport.This alteration,in turn,leads to an increase in NO accumulation.Furthermore,iron deficiency enhances the activity of ferric chelate reductase(FCR),as well as the expression of the Fer-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor 1(FIT)and the ferric reduction oxidase 2(FRO2)genes in plant roots.Overexpression of the long hypocotyl 1(HY1)gene,which encodes heme oxygenase,or the CO donor treatment resulted in enhanced basipetal auxin transport,higher FCR activity,and the expression of FIT and FRO2 genes under Fe deficiency.Here,a potential mechanism is proposed:CO and NO interact with auxin to address iron deficiency stress.CO alters auxin transport,enhancing its accumulation in roots and up-regulating key iron-related genes like FRO2 and IRT1.Elevated auxin levels affect NO signaling,leading to greater sensitivity in root development.This interplay promotes FCR activity,which is crucial for iron absorption.Together,these molecules enhance iron uptake and root growth,revealing a novel aspect of plant physiology in adapting to environmental stress.
文摘The cellular basis of bone marrow （BM） tissue development and regeneration is mediated through hematopoietic stem cells （HSCs） and mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs）. Local interplays between hematopoietic cells and BM stromal cells （BMSCs） determine the reconstitution of hematopoiesis after myelosuppression. Here we review the BM local signals in control of BM regeneration after insults. Hematopoietic growth factors （HGFs） and cytokines produced by BMSCs are primary factors in regulation ofBM hematopoiesis. Morphogens which are critical to early embryo development in multiple species have been added to the family of HSCs regulators, including families of Wnt proteins, Notch ligands, BMPs, and Hedgehogs. Global gene expression analysis of HSCs and BMSCs has begun to reveal signature groups of genes for both cell types. More importantly, analysis of global gene expression coupled with biochemical and biological studies of local signals during BM regeneration have strongly suggested that HGFs and cytokines may not be the primary local regulators for BM recovery, rather chemokines （SDF- 1, FGF-4） and angiogenic growth factors （VEGF-A, Ang- 1） play instructive roles in BM reconstitution after myelosuppression. A new direction of management of BM toxicity is emerging from the identification of BM regenerative regulators.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50808128).
文摘Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),a novel contaminant,is extensively found in aquatic environments.However,the capability of the denitrifying phosphorus removal process to treat PFOA-containing wastewater,as well as its response mechanisms,are unclear.This study used batch experiments to assess the short-term impact of PFOA on denitrifying phosphorus removal systems.During a single cycle,the addition of PFOA predominantly enhanced phosphate removal in the system mainly by the anaerobic phosphorus release pathway,but had no substantial effect on nitrogen removal.COD removal efficiency has a substantial positive correlation with C6-HSL and C8-HSL concentrations.As the PFOA concentration increased,the ROS concentration and enzyme activity also increased,while the PN/PS ratio decreased,causing the sludge to become looser.At the beginning of the second cycle,the impact of PFOA on phosphorus removal efficiency shifted from promotion to inhibition.These findings shed fresh light on the influence of PFOA on the denitrifying phosphorus removal mechanism,potentially furthering its use in the treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200503)grants from the Open Competition Program of Top Ten Critical Priorities of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation for the 14th Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province(2022SDZG05)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91535101,32272644,32330095)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515010439)。
文摘Polyamines(PAs)are nitrogenous and polycationic compounds containing more than two amine residues.Numerous investigations have demonstrated that cellular PA homeostasis plays a key role in various developmental and physiological processes.The PA balance,which may be affected by many environmental factors,is finely maintained by the pathways of PA biosynthesis and degradation(catabolism).In this review,the advances in PA transport and distribution and their roles in plants were summarized and discussed.In addition,the interplay between PAs and phytohormones,NO,and H_(2)O_(2)were detailed during plant growth,senescence,fruit repining,as well as response to biotic and abiotic stresses.Moreover,it was elucidated how environmental signals such as light,temperature,and humidity modulate PA accumulation during plant development.Notably,PA has been shown to exert a potential role in shaping the domestication of rice.The present review comprehensively summarizes these latest advances,high-lighting the importance of PAs as endogenous signaling molecules in plants,and as well proposes future perspectives on PA research.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32202485)the Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars from Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.2024JQ02)+1 种基金the Zhongyuan Sci-Tech Innovation Leading Talents(Grant No.244200510041)the Key SciTech R&D Project of Joint Foundation in Henan Province(Grant No.232301420024).
文摘Purines are building blocks for DNA and RNA,found as the energy currency of cells(ATP and GTP),used as signaling molecules(cGMP,cAMP and ATP),and served as precursors for synthesizing primary products such as polysaccharides,sucrose,and phospholipids as well as secondary products(Stasolla et al.,2003;Pareek et al.,2020).Thus,the synthesis of purines is a critical pathway in the cells of all living organisms.Purines can be synthesized through two pathways:de novo and salvage(Stasolla et al.,2003).Recent investigations revealed that purine synthesis is vital for the proper development of chloroplasts in plants.In Arabidopsis,CIA1 encodes the enzyme glutamine phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase,which catalyzes the first committed step of purine de novo biosynthesis,the loss-of-function mutant cia1 shows small,pale-green mosaic leaves(Hung et al.,2004).In rice,both VAL1 and GARS encode glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase that mediates the second step in purine biosynthesis.
基金the German Research Foundation(FOR-2314 and SPP-2306).
文摘In a recent study published in Nature,Doglioni et al.now reveal an unexpected role for the amino acid aspartate as a signalling molecule that induces alternative translation that ultimately promotes lung metastasis through enhanced collagen secretion.^(1) Metastasis remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and many aspects of the metastatic process remain poorly understood.
文摘The productivity of fruit crops is badly affected by abrupt changes in climatic conditions.It is a matter of concern for fruit tree researchers to feed the huge population within the available resources.The adverse effects of abiotic stresses are increasing due to fluctuations in climate change.Several abiotic stresses(salinity,drought,water logging,minerals deficiency,temperature extremities and heavy metals)are reducing the overall productivity of crops.Therefore,the application of different management approaches,i.e.,phytohormones,nanoparticles,organic amendments,microbes and molecular aspects are effective for the mitigation of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.The aim of the present review was to explore the potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)to lessen the adverse effects of abiotic stresses in fruit crops.Fruit crops are important sources of minerals and vitamins.ZnO-NPs could improve the tolerance mechanism of fruit crops by reducing oxidative harm.Moreover,these are involved in boosting the antioxidant properties of fruit trees.Regular formation of photosynthetic pigments involved in the regulation of the photosynthesis process through ZnO-NPs applications under adverse conditions.Their use can contribute to the regulation of several metabolic processes that occur in plants subjected to abiotic stresses.The disturbances in photosynthetic pigments,irregular metabolic processes and generation of toxic substances are causing stunted growth,low yield and poor fruit quality.Hence,the application of ZnO-NPs is important for the sustainable production of fruit crops by improving seedlings’growth and fruit quality via activation of the plant defense system.However,higher concentration of nanoparticles results in growth inhibition and poor yield due to cytotoxicity,oxidative stress,and genotoxicity.Therefore,nanoparticle interaction with fruit crops needs more consideration at the epigenetic level for the mitigation of multiple stresses.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 84673241, No. 81873915 and No. 31872738Nantong S&T Development Plan,No. MS12020021, and No. MS12019016
文摘The prevention,early discovery and effective treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remain a global medical challenge.At present,HCC is still mainly treated by surgery,supplemented by vascular embolization,radio frequency,radiotherapy,chemotherapy and biotherapy.The application of multikinase inhibitor sorafenib,chimeric antigen receptor T cells,or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can prolong the median survival of HCC patients.However,the treatment efficacy is still unsatisfactory due to HCC metastasis and postoperative recurrence.During the process of hepatocyte malignant transformation,HCC tissues can express and secrete many types of specific biomarkers,or oncogenic antigen molecules into blood,for example,alpha-fetoprotein,glypican-3,Wnt3a(one of the key signaling molecules in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway),insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-II or IGF-I receptor,vascular endothelial growth factor,secretory clusterin and so on.In addition,combining immunotherapy with noncoding RNAs might improve anti-cancer efficacy.These biomarkers not only contribute to HCC diagnosis or prognosis,but may also become molecular targets for HCC therapy under developing or clinical trials.This article reviews the progress in emerging biomarkers in basic research or clinical trials for HCC immunotherapy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31272154)
文摘Lipoxygenases（LOXs） are a group of non-heme,iron-containing enzymes and extensively involved in plant growth and development,ripening and senescence,stress responses,biosynthesis of regulatory molecules and defense reaction.In our previous study,18 LOXs in melon genome were screened and identified,and five 13-LOX genes（CmLOX08,CmLOX10,CmLOX12,CmLOX13 and CmLOX18） were predicted to locate in chloroplast.Phylogenetic analysis result showed that the five genes have high homology with jasmonic acid（JA） biosynthesis-related LOXs from other plants.In addition,promoter analysis revealed that motifs of the five genes participate in gene expression regulated by hormones and stresses.Therefore,we analyzed the expressions of the five genes and LOX activity in leaves of four-leaf stage seedlings of oriental melon cultivar Yumeiren under abiotic stress：wounding,cold,high temperature and hydrogen peroxide（H_2O_2）,and signal molecule treatments：methyl jasmonate（MeJA）,abscisic acid（ABA） and salicylic acid（SA）.Real time qPCR revealed that wounding and H_2O_2 induced the expressions of all the five genes.Only CmLOX08 was induced by cold while only CmLOX13 was suppressed by high temperature.ABA induced the expressions of CmLOXIO and CmLOX12 while inhibited CmLOX13 and CmLOX18.MeJA increased the 3 genes expressions except CmLOX08 and CmLOX13,whereas SA decreased the effect,apart from CmLOX12.All the abiotic stresses and signal molecules treatments increased the LOX activity in leaves of oriental melon.In summary,the results suggest that the five genes have diverse functions in abiotic stress and hormone responses,and might participate in defense response.The data generated in this study will be helpful in subcellular localization and transgenic experiment to understand their precise roles in plant defense response.
基金Hunan university students’innovation and entrepreneurship training program(No.[2019]191-2440)Zhejiang provincial natural fund(No.GF18H140006)。
文摘Objective:To explore the main physiological mechanism of 15d-PGJ2 promoting periodontal tissue regeneration in patients with jaw defects caused by periodontal disease.Methods:From February 2016 to July 2019,a controlled study was conducted on 73 healthy residents(healthy group)and 73 patients(case group)with periodontal disease combined with jaw defects in Changsha medical university.T test was used to compare the growth factors of gingival crevicular fluid between the two groups.Peripheral blood cells;Cement-specific protein;Peripheral blood enzyme;Statistical differences in bone metabolites.The t test method compared the content of each index before and after treatment(15d-PGJ2 was treated at a dose of 200 mu/kg for 14 days).The method of factor analysis explores the internal correlation of each index.Result:RANKL,ICAM-1,TGF-β1,Th17,Treg,PDLSCs,SOST,CAP,HMGB1,CTSK,5-LOX,COX-2,NTX were higher in the case group than in the healthy group.In the case group,RANKL,ICAM-1,TGF-β1,Th17,Treg,PDLSCs,SOST,CAP,HMGB1,CTSK,5-LOX,COX-2,NTX were lower than those in the healthy group.The differences between the groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,IL-1β,IL-17,Bfgf,YKL-40,BMP-2,ICTP,PICP,CTX were significantly decreased after treatment.RANKL,ICAM-1,TGF-β1,Th17,Treg,PDLSCs,SOST,CAP,HMGB1,CTSK,5-LOX,COX-2,NTX were significantly increased.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Factor analysis shows that four common factors can be extracted from 21 indicators,and the cumulative contribution rate is 96.993%.Conclusions:The treatment of 15d-PGJ2 in patients with periodontal disease with maxillary defects can significantly affect the expression of multiple characteristic indicators,which may involve four mechanisms:dysregulation of cell differentiation or migration,local inflammation or immune imbalance,destruction of alveolar bone microstructure,load or stimulation,and remodeling.The specific pathway related to this is still to be further explored.
基金supported by the NIH grants(R01DE12329,R01DE14044,P60DE13076)the National Science Foundation grant(IBN-9796321)the Millenium Trust Health Excellence Fund(HEF-2000-05-04)from the Louisiana Bpard of Regents
文摘Vertebrate Msx genes are unlinked,homeobox-containing genes that bear homology to the Drosophila muscle segment homeobox gene.These genes are expressed at multiple sites of tissue-tissue interactions during vertebrate embryonic development.Inductive interactions mediated by the Msx genes are essential for normal craniofacial,limb and ectodermal organ morphogenesis,and are also essential to survival in mice,as manifested by the phenotypic abnormalities shown in knockout mice and in humans.This review summarizes studies on the expression,regulation,and functional analysis of Msx genes that bear relevance to craniofacial development in humans and mice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82230042 and 81930029(to ZY),U2004201(to FG and RYP)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2020M683748(to RYP)。
文摘Lactate,a byproduct of glycolysis,was thought to be a metabolic waste until the discovery of the Warburg effect.Lactate not only functions as a metabolic substrate to provide energy but can also function as a signaling molecule to modulate cellular functions under pathophysiological conditions.The Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle has cla rified that lactate plays a pivotal role in the central nervous system.Moreover,protein lactylation highlights the novel role of lactate in regulating transcription,cellular functions,and disease development.This review summarizes the recent advances in lactate metabolism and its role in neurodegenerative diseases,thus providing optimal pers pectives for future research.
基金financially supported by the Program for Discipline Construction in Sichuan Agricultural University(to G.Liu,No.03570126)
文摘This study evaluated the effects of arginine(Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate(NCG) on inflammation, antioxidant property, and antioxidant-related gene expression in rat spleen under oxidative stress. A total of 52 rats were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups with 13 replicates per group. Rats were fed a basal diet(BD) or BD supplemented with Arg or NCG for 30 days. On day 28, half of the BD-fed rats were intraperitoneally injected with sterile saline(control group), and the other half with 12 mg/kg body weight of diquat(DT; DT group). The other 2 diet groups were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of DT with either Arg(1%)(DT t Arg) or NCG(0.1%)(DT t NCG). Rat spleen samples were collected for analysis at 48 h after DT injection. Results showed that DT damaged the antioxidant defense in rats compared with the control group(P < 0.05). Compared with the DT group, the DT t Arg and DT t NCG groups manifested improved anti-hydroxyl radical, catalase, and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) activities, increased glutathione content(P < 0.05), and decreased malondialdehyde content(P < 0.05).Moreover, compared with the DT group, the DT t Arg and DT t NCG groups enhanced mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1), glutathione reductase(GR), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap-1), and mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR)(P < 0.05). Both NCG and Arg significantly increased anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA level but suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression under oxidative stress(P < 0.05). In summary, NCG and Arg effectively alleviated oxidative stress, improved the antioxidant capacity and regulated the antioxidant-related signaling molecular expression in rat spleen. N-carbamylglutamate and Arg reduced the inflammation in the spleen by mediating the gene expression of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0902200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21776157No.22078173).
文摘Microbial consortia are ubiquitous in nature,in which multiple microbial species cooperate to complete some important tasks such as lignocellulose degradation.Because of the advantages such as reduced metabolic burden and robustness to environment disturbances,developing a microbial consortium is a promising approach for valuable product synthesis,lignocellulose utilization,human health care,bioremediation and sustainable energy,etc.Despite the benefits,however,most artificial microbial consortia confront the problems of instability and low efficiency due to growth competition and metabolite incompatibility.To overcome these challenges,multiple strategies to design efficient synthetic microbial consortia have been reported.In this review,the interactions that determine the stability and performance of microbial consortia were described.Progress of artificial microbial consortia research was summarized,and the key strategies i.e.,spatial or temporal segregation,separated utilization of nutrients,nutrient cross-feeding and division of labor,that will be of great importance for achieving a stable and efficient microbial consortium were highlighted.Two novel advanced tools,signaling molecule systems and computational models,were also introduced and discussed.We believed that combining the universal cell–cell signaling molecule systems with computational models will be promising for synthetic microbial consortia construction in the future.
基金Supported by American Cancer Society Institutional Research to Li C,No.11-053-01-IRGNational Institutes of Health grant HL128647
文摘Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR), a glycoprotein with 1480 amino acids, has been well established as a chloride channel mainly expressed in the epithelial cells of various tissues and organs such as lungs, sweat glands, gastrointestinal system, and reproductive organs. Although defective CFTR leads to cystic fibrosis, a common genetic disorder in the Caucasian population, there is accumulating evidence that suggests a novel role of CFTR in various cancers, especially in gastroenterological cancers, such as pancreatic cancer and colon cancer. In this review, we summarize the emerging findings that link CFTR with various cancers, with focus on the association between CFTR defects and gastrointestinal cancers as well as the underlying mechanisms. Further study of CFTR in cancer biology may help pave a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071971,31901464)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662020ZKPY001)the Joint Project from Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health,Huazhong Agricultural University and Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to Honghong Wu(SZYJY2021008)。
文摘Nano-enabled agriculture is an emerging hot topic.To facilitate the development of nano-enabled agriculture,reviews addressing or discussing the applications,knowledge gap,future research needs,and possible new research field of plant nanobiotechnology in agricultural production are encouraged.Here we review the following topics in plant nanobiotechnology for agriculture:1)improving stress tolerance,2)stress sensing and early detection,3)targeted delivery and controlled release of agrochemicals,4)transgenic events in non-model crop species,and 5)seed nanopriming.We discuss the knowledge gaps in these topics.Besides the use of nanomaterials for harvesting more electrons to improve photosynthetic performance,they could be used to convert n IR and UV to visible light to expand the light spectrum for photosynthesis.We discuss this approach to maintaining plant photosynthesis under light-insufficient conditions.Our aim in this review is to aid researchers to learn quickly how to use plant nanobiotechnology for improving agricultural production.
