This research aims to evaluate walkability as a strategy of urban mobility in relation to physical characteristics of accessibility and attractiveness from public sidewalks characteristics in the city of Passo Fundo/R...This research aims to evaluate walkability as a strategy of urban mobility in relation to physical characteristics of accessibility and attractiveness from public sidewalks characteristics in the city of Passo Fundo/RS-Brazil using the IAAPE （indicators of attraction and pedestrian accessibility） method. The concept of walkability corresponds to the simple act of walking in a pleasant way along the footpaths. Therefore, the IAAPE method was used, which considers aspects of connectivity, comfort, conviviality, coexistence, convenience, clarity and commitment in relation to the space evaluated. In this study, 40 adults, elderly, pregnant and wheelchair subjects were interviewed for evaluating the importance criteria on public sidewalks for a given type of user. In general, reduced sidewalk dimensions and obstacle presence are the main displacement hurdles in most of the cases analyzed. Thus, improvements are needed to avoid stress situations that arise from daily routine, to encourage physical activities, accessibility, and the emergence of meeting and leisure points.展开更多
加拿大的共享电动滑板还没启动,多伦多市政厅已经开始讨论不允许这些滑板车停在人行道上了。Barring e-scooters from city sidewalks,recom mendedb yacitycom mitteeon M onday, wouldmake it impossib le to introduce the concept t...加拿大的共享电动滑板还没启动,多伦多市政厅已经开始讨论不允许这些滑板车停在人行道上了。Barring e-scooters from city sidewalks,recom mendedb yacitycom mitteeon M onday, wouldmake it impossib le to introduce the concept to Toronto,according to the CEO of Bird Canada, an e-scooter company hoping to launch here in the spring of2 0 2 0.展开更多
Sidewalks play an indispensable role in creating walkable environments.In commercial districts,sidewalks increase connectivity and can enhance pedestrian volume,which promotes commerce.While past research has explored...Sidewalks play an indispensable role in creating walkable environments.In commercial districts,sidewalks increase connectivity and can enhance pedestrian volume,which promotes commerce.While past research has explored commercial factors affecting pedestrian behavior on sidewalks,few studies have explored the effects of architectural factors.This study centers on two sidewalks in commercial districts in Tokyo as a case study,seeking to elucidate the relationship between micro-scale built environment factors and pedestrian behavior.Nineteen factors are analyzed in relation to pedestrian volume and staying.Correlation analysis reveals that pedestrian volume and staying are significantly correlated with seven and six built environment factors,respectively.Stepwise multiple linear regression further reveals that pedestrian volume is positively correlated with passable width,W/D,and movable greening,while being negatively correlated with flagship.Staying,conversely,is positively correlated with passable width,sky rate,and D/H.Based on these identified relationships,a predictive model is established for pedestrian volumes in sidewalks in commercial districts.The findings of this study may provide workable insights for decision-makers aiming to establish walkable environments and encouraging pedestrian activity and may aid in developing detailed plans based on specific factors influencing pedestrian behavior.展开更多
Persons with disabilities have difficulties traveling from one point to the other due to the limited options of travel modes for the first and last mile.Western Michigan University tested using an autonomous shuttle o...Persons with disabilities have difficulties traveling from one point to the other due to the limited options of travel modes for the first and last mile.Western Michigan University tested using an autonomous shuttle on the main campus's sidewalks for persons with disabilities.This study's objectives are to understand the empathy college students without disabilities had on the need for suitable transportation services for students with disabilities and the perceived risks of the services'operation on sidewalks.The Bayesian ordered logit model and text mining analyzed 396 survey responses.The Bayesian ordered logistic regression results revealed that age,gender,and ethnicity are important factors that contribute to different opinions concerning perceived risks and sympathy brought by an autonomous shuttle operating on pedestrians'sidewalks.The text mining results revealed several patterns.While respondents who were against the operation focused on potential safety hazards and the crowdedness of the sidewalks,supporters focused on the expected improved mobility for people with disabilities.The findings from this study are expected to assist policymakers and vehicle manufacturers with pedestrian expectations and considerations related to risk and safety when sharing their walkways with the autonomous shuttle.展开更多
Contents of urban road landscapes were introduced from 3 perspectives of natural landscape elements,constructed landscape elements and historic landscape elements,and functions of urban road landscapes analyzed.Sidewa...Contents of urban road landscapes were introduced from 3 perspectives of natural landscape elements,constructed landscape elements and historic landscape elements,and functions of urban road landscapes analyzed.Sidewalk of the West Renmin Road in Changsha City of Hunan Province was taken for example to elaborate design principles of urban sidewalk landscapes.It was proposed that urban cultures and local spirits have various connotations,such as historic traditions,environment background and neighboring objects,which are maintained in the memories of local residents in the form of historic relics,traditions,spirits,concepts and folk customs.These cultures and spirits are passed down from generation to generation and can be found in all corners of streets and lanes,but cannot be simply replaced by sculptures or garden settings.The fever of large-scale artificial sculpture in present construction of urban public spaces in China was criticized.展开更多
Nowadays,several research projects show interest in employing volunteered geographic information(VGI)to improve their systems through using up-to-date and detailed data.The European project CAP4Access is one of the su...Nowadays,several research projects show interest in employing volunteered geographic information(VGI)to improve their systems through using up-to-date and detailed data.The European project CAP4Access is one of the successful examples of such international-wide research projects that aims to improve the accessibility of people with restricted mobility using crowdsourced data.In this project,OpenStreetMap(OSM)is used to extend OpenRouteService,a well-known routing platform.However,a basic challenge that this project tackled was the incompleteness of OSM data with regards to certain information that is required for wheelchair accessibility(e.g.sidewalk information,kerb data,etc.).In this article,we present the results of initial assessment of sidewalk data in OSM at the beginning of the project as well as our approach in awareness raising and using tools for tagging accessibility data into OSM database for enriching the sidewalk data completeness.Several experiments have been carried out in different European cities,and discussion on the results of the experiments as well as the lessons learned are provided.The lessons learned provide recommendations that help in organizing better mapping party events in the future.We conclude by reporting on how and to what extent the OSM sidewalk data completeness in these study areas have benefited from the mapping parties by the end of the project.展开更多
This paper studied the current situation of the pedestrian space in the old town of Nanjing, analyzed problems of the pedestrian space and reasons causing these problems based on the research results, and proposed mai...This paper studied the current situation of the pedestrian space in the old town of Nanjing, analyzed problems of the pedestrian space and reasons causing these problems based on the research results, and proposed main points requiring special attention and solutions to these problems.展开更多
This study investigates the relationship between sidewalk space and pedestrians,as well as how the design and improvement of sidewalk visual landscapes can enhance pedestrians’psychological restoration.Sidewalk quali...This study investigates the relationship between sidewalk space and pedestrians,as well as how the design and improvement of sidewalk visual landscapes can enhance pedestrians’psychological restoration.Sidewalk quality in China varies,making it challenging to meet the urban residents’expectations for sidewalk environments.In this research,psychological perception experiments were conducted on 60 sidewalks in the core functional area of Beijing.The visual landscape of the sidewalk was divided into four dimensions:canopy,ground plane,roadside plane,and building wall.In this study,a total of 52 spatial elements were extracted and evaluated based on the dimensions of fascination,being-away,coherence,and scope in relation to pedestrians’psychological perception.The findings confirm that urban greenery and street accessibility,among other spatial elements,significantly positively influence pedestrians’willingness to walk.Furthermore,a balanced distribution of elements within sidewalk space can better enhance pedestrians’psychological restoration capabilities.展开更多
Comfort is a major requirement in planning pedestrian facilities. Pedestrians walk where they feel comfortable and when they do not feel at ease, they walk elsewhere. A typical example is that filthy, distressed, or t...Comfort is a major requirement in planning pedestrian facilities. Pedestrians walk where they feel comfortable and when they do not feel at ease, they walk elsewhere. A typical example is that filthy, distressed, or too narrow sidewalks induce pedestrians to walk on carriageways. This behaviour jeopardizes road safety and highly dangerous to most users, leave them vulnerable. Unsuitable pavements can be the result of irregular maintenance operations to restore evenness after shock damage, weather phenomena, installation of equipment （e.g., posts, fences, urban furniture） with a reduction of walkable surface, or substandard repair work on pavements and patches due to emergency operations. These problems can be solved with an appropriate maintenance management system, which optimizes financial resources to make smart decisions about how to intervene with an adequate and lasting maintenance operation. This paper defines an evaluation index for sidewalk conditions as a part of an efficient set-up of a Sidewalk Management System, which is similar to the better known Road Management System. The study relies on sur- veys, as well as the classification and analysis of sidewalk distresses. The authors adapted an index already standardized by ASTM for roads and airports： the Pavement Condition Index （PCI）. PCI has been modified to consider the specific types on the sidewalks studied within this paper. To validate the method, a case study of a residential district in Rome, Italy, was carried out. The chosen area lacks regular maintenance and has therefore resulted in a network of unsafe sidewalks. Frequent detour routes were surveyed and related to the level of distresses within a general assessment of safety. This study con- centrates on sidewalks with flexible pavements because this type of pavement is the only one adopted in the survey areas and, in general, throughout Italy.展开更多
Home-to-school routes are very sensitive areas: they represent, for children, a learning tool for their everyday activities, but if poorly designed, maintained and equipped they can expose them to traffic risks. Sidew...Home-to-school routes are very sensitive areas: they represent, for children, a learning tool for their everyday activities, but if poorly designed, maintained and equipped they can expose them to traffic risks. Sidewalks' inappropriate level of service and poor maintenance, especially, are main factors contributing to walking unsuitability, thus to poor comfort and safety levels for young pedestrians, and more in general for all the vulnerable non-motorized road users. This paper deals with a methodology specifically developed to highlight the quality of the urban environment where the home-to-school routes are located, according to four main criteria: wellbeing, usage, appearance, and safety and security. Each criterion is associated with a checklist including the most relevant features to assess, with a focus on maintenance as a key parameter to create safe and comfortable routes to school. An application, a case study in Rome, where the lack of regular maintenance results into a network of unsafe sidewalks, is also presented, analyzing three different areas where a number of schools are located. Detours when approaching school premises were surveyed, due to the levels of distresses and linked to the poor comfort and safety levels. As the mutual influence of built environment over road safety and maintenance requirements for home-to-school paths is not largely investigated thus far, the paper's goal is to provide advanced knowledge for studies and applications further afield.展开更多
Smart cities and decarbonization of the transportation sector provoked significant environmental policy reforms,shifting the urban environment away from car-centric planning to non-mechanized transportation.Thus,walki...Smart cities and decarbonization of the transportation sector provoked significant environmental policy reforms,shifting the urban environment away from car-centric planning to non-mechanized transportation.Thus,walking and cycling became natural alternatives due to their zero-carbon operation and health benefits.Computer vision(CV)techniques offer promising capabilities for analyzing and improving pedestrian sidewalk infrastructure and usage.Despite the current efforts,the literature lacks a comprehensive synthesis of studies applying CV to sidewalks,casting a shadow on the utilization of further artificial-based algorithms in this domain.Hence,this study provides a state-of-the-art analysis of CV applications on sidewalks by presenting 1)a scientometric analysis of existing studies,2)systematic discussions of CV applications and architectures,3)proposal of a framework for applying CV in sidewalk studies,and 4)existing gaps and future research opportunities.The publication trend analysis indicated accelerated growth in sidewalk-focused CV research since 2018,with peaks in the last five years,indicating rising scholarly interest.The keyword analysis revealed seven clusters,where"pavements","computer vision",and"deep learning"are the top keywords based on their degree centrality.The systematic analysis identified and discussed CV applications to sidewalk accessibility,path conditions,and user behaviors,showing that convolutional neural networks are the most adopted architecture in this domain.This study offers academics and industry professionals essential perspectives into the developing research area of leveraging CV for analyzing diverse facets of sidewalks.It highlights the imperative to tackle identified research gaps via innovative techniques and collaborative efforts,in addition to openly sharing datasets and source code.展开更多
文摘This research aims to evaluate walkability as a strategy of urban mobility in relation to physical characteristics of accessibility and attractiveness from public sidewalks characteristics in the city of Passo Fundo/RS-Brazil using the IAAPE （indicators of attraction and pedestrian accessibility） method. The concept of walkability corresponds to the simple act of walking in a pleasant way along the footpaths. Therefore, the IAAPE method was used, which considers aspects of connectivity, comfort, conviviality, coexistence, convenience, clarity and commitment in relation to the space evaluated. In this study, 40 adults, elderly, pregnant and wheelchair subjects were interviewed for evaluating the importance criteria on public sidewalks for a given type of user. In general, reduced sidewalk dimensions and obstacle presence are the main displacement hurdles in most of the cases analyzed. Thus, improvements are needed to avoid stress situations that arise from daily routine, to encourage physical activities, accessibility, and the emergence of meeting and leisure points.
文摘加拿大的共享电动滑板还没启动,多伦多市政厅已经开始讨论不允许这些滑板车停在人行道上了。Barring e-scooters from city sidewalks,recom mendedb yacitycom mitteeon M onday, wouldmake it impossib le to introduce the concept to Toronto,according to the CEO of Bird Canada, an e-scooter company hoping to launch here in the spring of2 0 2 0.
基金supported by the[JST SPRING](Grant No.JPMJSP2128)。
文摘Sidewalks play an indispensable role in creating walkable environments.In commercial districts,sidewalks increase connectivity and can enhance pedestrian volume,which promotes commerce.While past research has explored commercial factors affecting pedestrian behavior on sidewalks,few studies have explored the effects of architectural factors.This study centers on two sidewalks in commercial districts in Tokyo as a case study,seeking to elucidate the relationship between micro-scale built environment factors and pedestrian behavior.Nineteen factors are analyzed in relation to pedestrian volume and staying.Correlation analysis reveals that pedestrian volume and staying are significantly correlated with seven and six built environment factors,respectively.Stepwise multiple linear regression further reveals that pedestrian volume is positively correlated with passable width,W/D,and movable greening,while being negatively correlated with flagship.Staying,conversely,is positively correlated with passable width,sky rate,and D/H.Based on these identified relationships,a predictive model is established for pedestrian volumes in sidewalks in commercial districts.The findings of this study may provide workable insights for decision-makers aiming to establish walkable environments and encouraging pedestrian activity and may aid in developing detailed plans based on specific factors influencing pedestrian behavior.
文摘Persons with disabilities have difficulties traveling from one point to the other due to the limited options of travel modes for the first and last mile.Western Michigan University tested using an autonomous shuttle on the main campus's sidewalks for persons with disabilities.This study's objectives are to understand the empathy college students without disabilities had on the need for suitable transportation services for students with disabilities and the perceived risks of the services'operation on sidewalks.The Bayesian ordered logit model and text mining analyzed 396 survey responses.The Bayesian ordered logistic regression results revealed that age,gender,and ethnicity are important factors that contribute to different opinions concerning perceived risks and sympathy brought by an autonomous shuttle operating on pedestrians'sidewalks.The text mining results revealed several patterns.While respondents who were against the operation focused on potential safety hazards and the crowdedness of the sidewalks,supporters focused on the expected improved mobility for people with disabilities.The findings from this study are expected to assist policymakers and vehicle manufacturers with pedestrian expectations and considerations related to risk and safety when sharing their walkways with the autonomous shuttle.
文摘Contents of urban road landscapes were introduced from 3 perspectives of natural landscape elements,constructed landscape elements and historic landscape elements,and functions of urban road landscapes analyzed.Sidewalk of the West Renmin Road in Changsha City of Hunan Province was taken for example to elaborate design principles of urban sidewalk landscapes.It was proposed that urban cultures and local spirits have various connotations,such as historic traditions,environment background and neighboring objects,which are maintained in the memories of local residents in the form of historic relics,traditions,spirits,concepts and folk customs.These cultures and spirits are passed down from generation to generation and can be found in all corners of streets and lanes,but cannot be simply replaced by sculptures or garden settings.The fever of large-scale artificial sculpture in present construction of urban public spaces in China was criticized.
基金supported by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme[FP7/2007–2013],[Grant No 612096(CAP4Access)].
文摘Nowadays,several research projects show interest in employing volunteered geographic information(VGI)to improve their systems through using up-to-date and detailed data.The European project CAP4Access is one of the successful examples of such international-wide research projects that aims to improve the accessibility of people with restricted mobility using crowdsourced data.In this project,OpenStreetMap(OSM)is used to extend OpenRouteService,a well-known routing platform.However,a basic challenge that this project tackled was the incompleteness of OSM data with regards to certain information that is required for wheelchair accessibility(e.g.sidewalk information,kerb data,etc.).In this article,we present the results of initial assessment of sidewalk data in OSM at the beginning of the project as well as our approach in awareness raising and using tools for tagging accessibility data into OSM database for enriching the sidewalk data completeness.Several experiments have been carried out in different European cities,and discussion on the results of the experiments as well as the lessons learned are provided.The lessons learned provide recommendations that help in organizing better mapping party events in the future.We conclude by reporting on how and to what extent the OSM sidewalk data completeness in these study areas have benefited from the mapping parties by the end of the project.
文摘This paper studied the current situation of the pedestrian space in the old town of Nanjing, analyzed problems of the pedestrian space and reasons causing these problems based on the research results, and proposed main points requiring special attention and solutions to these problems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52178002)Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51608021,52008015,and 52208003).
文摘This study investigates the relationship between sidewalk space and pedestrians,as well as how the design and improvement of sidewalk visual landscapes can enhance pedestrians’psychological restoration.Sidewalk quality in China varies,making it challenging to meet the urban residents’expectations for sidewalk environments.In this research,psychological perception experiments were conducted on 60 sidewalks in the core functional area of Beijing.The visual landscape of the sidewalk was divided into four dimensions:canopy,ground plane,roadside plane,and building wall.In this study,a total of 52 spatial elements were extracted and evaluated based on the dimensions of fascination,being-away,coherence,and scope in relation to pedestrians’psychological perception.The findings confirm that urban greenery and street accessibility,among other spatial elements,significantly positively influence pedestrians’willingness to walk.Furthermore,a balanced distribution of elements within sidewalk space can better enhance pedestrians’psychological restoration capabilities.
文摘Comfort is a major requirement in planning pedestrian facilities. Pedestrians walk where they feel comfortable and when they do not feel at ease, they walk elsewhere. A typical example is that filthy, distressed, or too narrow sidewalks induce pedestrians to walk on carriageways. This behaviour jeopardizes road safety and highly dangerous to most users, leave them vulnerable. Unsuitable pavements can be the result of irregular maintenance operations to restore evenness after shock damage, weather phenomena, installation of equipment （e.g., posts, fences, urban furniture） with a reduction of walkable surface, or substandard repair work on pavements and patches due to emergency operations. These problems can be solved with an appropriate maintenance management system, which optimizes financial resources to make smart decisions about how to intervene with an adequate and lasting maintenance operation. This paper defines an evaluation index for sidewalk conditions as a part of an efficient set-up of a Sidewalk Management System, which is similar to the better known Road Management System. The study relies on sur- veys, as well as the classification and analysis of sidewalk distresses. The authors adapted an index already standardized by ASTM for roads and airports： the Pavement Condition Index （PCI）. PCI has been modified to consider the specific types on the sidewalks studied within this paper. To validate the method, a case study of a residential district in Rome, Italy, was carried out. The chosen area lacks regular maintenance and has therefore resulted in a network of unsafe sidewalks. Frequent detour routes were surveyed and related to the level of distresses within a general assessment of safety. This study con- centrates on sidewalks with flexible pavements because this type of pavement is the only one adopted in the survey areas and, in general, throughout Italy.
文摘Home-to-school routes are very sensitive areas: they represent, for children, a learning tool for their everyday activities, but if poorly designed, maintained and equipped they can expose them to traffic risks. Sidewalks' inappropriate level of service and poor maintenance, especially, are main factors contributing to walking unsuitability, thus to poor comfort and safety levels for young pedestrians, and more in general for all the vulnerable non-motorized road users. This paper deals with a methodology specifically developed to highlight the quality of the urban environment where the home-to-school routes are located, according to four main criteria: wellbeing, usage, appearance, and safety and security. Each criterion is associated with a checklist including the most relevant features to assess, with a focus on maintenance as a key parameter to create safe and comfortable routes to school. An application, a case study in Rome, where the lack of regular maintenance results into a network of unsafe sidewalks, is also presented, analyzing three different areas where a number of schools are located. Detours when approaching school premises were surveyed, due to the levels of distresses and linked to the poor comfort and safety levels. As the mutual influence of built environment over road safety and maintenance requirements for home-to-school paths is not largely investigated thus far, the paper's goal is to provide advanced knowledge for studies and applications further afield.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the Smart Traffic Fund(STF)under grant number PSRI/14/2109/RAThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University for Entry Scholarship for the Postgraduate Scheme 2022/23 BRE,and the Presidential Fellowship。
文摘Smart cities and decarbonization of the transportation sector provoked significant environmental policy reforms,shifting the urban environment away from car-centric planning to non-mechanized transportation.Thus,walking and cycling became natural alternatives due to their zero-carbon operation and health benefits.Computer vision(CV)techniques offer promising capabilities for analyzing and improving pedestrian sidewalk infrastructure and usage.Despite the current efforts,the literature lacks a comprehensive synthesis of studies applying CV to sidewalks,casting a shadow on the utilization of further artificial-based algorithms in this domain.Hence,this study provides a state-of-the-art analysis of CV applications on sidewalks by presenting 1)a scientometric analysis of existing studies,2)systematic discussions of CV applications and architectures,3)proposal of a framework for applying CV in sidewalk studies,and 4)existing gaps and future research opportunities.The publication trend analysis indicated accelerated growth in sidewalk-focused CV research since 2018,with peaks in the last five years,indicating rising scholarly interest.The keyword analysis revealed seven clusters,where"pavements","computer vision",and"deep learning"are the top keywords based on their degree centrality.The systematic analysis identified and discussed CV applications to sidewalk accessibility,path conditions,and user behaviors,showing that convolutional neural networks are the most adopted architecture in this domain.This study offers academics and industry professionals essential perspectives into the developing research area of leveraging CV for analyzing diverse facets of sidewalks.It highlights the imperative to tackle identified research gaps via innovative techniques and collaborative efforts,in addition to openly sharing datasets and source code.
