Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)mutations are influenced by random and uncontrollable factors,and the risk of the next widespread epidemic remains.Dual-target drugs that synergistically act ...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)mutations are influenced by random and uncontrollable factors,and the risk of the next widespread epidemic remains.Dual-target drugs that synergistically act on two targets exhibit strong therapeutic effects and advantages against mutations.In this study,a novel computational workflow was developed to design dual-target SARS-CoV-2 candidate inhibitors with the Envelope protein and Main protease selected as the two target proteins.The drug-like molecules of our self-constructed 3D scaffold database were used as high-throughput molecular docking probes for feature extraction of two target protein pockets.A multi-layer perceptron(MLP)was employed to embed the binding affinities into a latent space as conditional vectors to control conditional distribution.Utilizing a conditional generative neural network,cG-SchNet,with 3D Euclidean group(E3)symmetries,the conditional probability distributions of molecular 3D structures were acquired and a set of novel SARS-CoV-2 dual-target candidate inhibitors were generated.The 1D probability,2D joint probability,and 2D cumulative probability distribution results indicate that the generated sets are significantly enhanced compared to the training set in the high binding affinity area.Among the 201 generated molecules,42 molecules exhibited a sum binding affinity exceeding 17.0 kcal/mol while 9 of them having a sum binding affinity exceeding 19.0 kcal/mol,demonstrating structure diversity along with strong dual-target affinities,good absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion,and toxicity(ADMET)properties,and ease of synthesis.Dual-target drugs are rare and difficult to find,and our“high-throughput docking-multi-conditional generation”workflow offers a wide range of options for designing or optimizing potent dual-target SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.展开更多
Objective Epidemiological studies have shown that vitamin D status affects glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,findings from intervention studies remain inconsistent.Therefore,a...Objective Epidemiological studies have shown that vitamin D status affects glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,findings from intervention studies remain inconsistent.Therefore,a network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of various vitamin D supplementation strategies on glucose indicators in adults with T2DM.Methods Eligible studies published before September 12,2024,were retrieved from PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science.A network meta-analysis of multiple dosage strategies—low(<1,000 IU/day,LDS),medium(1,000–2,000 IU/day,MDS),high(2,000–4,000 IU/day,HDS),and extremely high(≥4,000 IU/day,EHDS)—was performed.Results The network meta-analysis of 40 RCTs indicated that,compared with placebo,vitamin D_(3)supplementation increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25-(OH)-D]levels,with pooled mean difference(MD)showing a stepwise increase from LDS to EHDS.Ranking probabilities showed a corresponding rise in 25-(OH)-D levels from LDS(46.7%)to EHDS(91.2%).EHDS reduced fasting blood glucose(FBG)relative to no treatment.LDS significantly decreased hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),and vitamin D_(2) significantly affected FBG levels.MDS led to a significant change in fasting insulin(FIN)compared to both placebo(MD:-4.76;95%CI-8.91 to-0.61)and no treatment(MD:-7.30;95%CI-14.44 to-0.17).Conclusion The findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be a viable approach for improving glycemic control in adults with T2DM,with lower doses potentially offering benefit.The analysis also showed a dose-dependent increase in 25-(OH)-D levels.展开更多
With the advancement of Vehicle-to-Everything(V2X)technology,efficient resource allocation in dynamic vehicular networks has become a critical challenge for achieving optimal performance.Existing methods suffer from h...With the advancement of Vehicle-to-Everything(V2X)technology,efficient resource allocation in dynamic vehicular networks has become a critical challenge for achieving optimal performance.Existing methods suffer from high computational complexity and decision latency under high-density traffic and heterogeneous network conditions.To address these challenges,this study presents an innovative framework that combines Graph Neural Networks(GNNs)with a Double Deep Q-Network(DDQN),utilizing dynamic graph structures and reinforcement learning.An adaptive neighbor sampling mechanism is introduced to dynamically select the most relevant neighbors based on interference levels and network topology,thereby improving decision accuracy and efficiency.Meanwhile,the framework models communication links as nodes and interference relationships as edges,effectively capturing the direct impact of interference on resource allocation while reducing computational complexity and preserving critical interaction information.Employing an aggregation mechanism based on the Graph Attention Network(GAT),it dynamically adjusts the neighbor sampling scope and performs attention-weighted aggregation based on node importance,ensuring more efficient and adaptive resource management.This design ensures reliable Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)communication while maintaining high Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I)throughput.The framework retains the global feature learning capabilities of GNNs and supports distributed network deployment,allowing vehicles to extract low-dimensional graph embeddings from local observations for real-time resource decisions.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly reduces computational overhead,mitigates latency,and improves resource utilization efficiency in vehicular networks under complex traffic scenarios.This research not only provides a novel solution to resource allocation challenges in V2X networks but also advances the application of DDQN in intelligent transportation systems,offering substantial theoretical significance and practical value.展开更多
The increasing demand for radioauthorized applications in the 6G era necessitates enhanced monitoring and management of radio resources,particularly for precise control over the electromagnetic environment.The radio m...The increasing demand for radioauthorized applications in the 6G era necessitates enhanced monitoring and management of radio resources,particularly for precise control over the electromagnetic environment.The radio map serves as a crucial tool for describing signal strength distribution within the current electromagnetic environment.However,most existing algorithms rely on sparse measurements of radio strength,disregarding the impact of building information.In this paper,we propose a spectrum cartography(SC)algorithm that eliminates the need for relying on sparse ground-based radio strength measurements by utilizing a satellite network to collect data on buildings and transmitters.Our algorithm leverages Pix2Pix Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)to construct accurate radio maps using transmitter information within real geographical environments.Finally,simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm exhibits superior accuracy compared to previously proposed methods.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Tangfukang formula(糖复康方,TFK)in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS:We employed network pharmacology combined with experimental validation to explore the potential ...OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Tangfukang formula(糖复康方,TFK)in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS:We employed network pharmacology combined with experimental validation to explore the potential mechanism of TFK against T2DM.Initially,we filtered bioactive compounds with the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and Symptom Mapping(Sym Map),and gathered targets of TFK and T2DM.Subsequently,we constructed a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,enriched core targets through Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),and adopted molecular docking to study the binding mode of compounds and the signaling pathway.Finally,we employed a KKAy mice model to investigate the effect and mechanism of TFK against T2DM.Biochemical assay,histology assay,and Western blot(WB)were used to assess the mechanism.RESULTS:There were 492 bioactive compounds of TFK screened,and 1226 overlapping targets of TFK against T2DM identified.A compound-T2DM-related target network with 997 nodes and 4439 edges was constructed.KEGG enrichment analysis identified some core pathways related to T2DM,including adenosine 5-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling pathway.Molecular docking study revealed that compounds of TFK,including citric acid,could bind to the active pocket of AMPK crystal structure with free binding energy of-4.8,-8 and-7.9,respectively.Animal experiments indicated that TFK decreased body weight,fasting blood glucose,fasting serum insulin,homeostasis model of insulin resistance,glycosylated serum protein,total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and improve oral glucose tolerance test results.TFK reduced steatosis in liver tissue,and infiltration of inflammatory cells,and protected liver cells to a certain extent.WB analysis revealed that,TFK upregulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and branchedchainα-ketoacid dehydrogenase proteins.CONCLUSION:TFK has the potential to effectively manage T2DM,possibly by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway.The present study lays a new foundation for the therapeutic application of TFK in the treatment of T2DM.展开更多
High-entropy alloy(HEA)offer tunable composition and surface structures,enabling the creation of novel active sites that enhance catalytic performance in renewable energy application.However,the inherent surface compl...High-entropy alloy(HEA)offer tunable composition and surface structures,enabling the creation of novel active sites that enhance catalytic performance in renewable energy application.However,the inherent surface complexity and tendency for elemental segregation,which results in discrepancies between bulk and surface compositions,pose challenges for direct investigation via density functional theory.To address this,Monte Carlo simulations combined with molecular dynamics were employed to model surface segregation across a broad range of elements,including Cu,Ag,Au,Pt,Pd,and Al.The analysis revealed a trend in surface segregation propensity following the order Ag>Au>Al>Cu>Pd>Pt.To capture the correlation between surface site characteristics and the free energy of multi-dentate CO_(2)reduction intermediates,a graph neural network was designed,where adsorbates were transformed into pseudo-atoms at their centers of mass.This model achieved mean absolute errors of 0.08–0.15 eV for the free energies of C_(2)intermediates,enabling precise site activity quantification.Results indicated that increasing the concentration of Cu,Ag,and Al significantly boosts activity for CO and C_(2)formation,whereas Au,Pd,and Pt exhibit negative effects.By screening stable composition space,promising HEA bulk compositions for CO,HCOOH,and C_(2)products were predicted,offering superior catalytic activity compared to pure Cu catalysts.展开更多
In dynamic 5G network environments,user mobility and heterogeneous network topologies pose dual challenges to the effort of improving performance of mobile edge caching.Existing studies often overlook the dynamic natu...In dynamic 5G network environments,user mobility and heterogeneous network topologies pose dual challenges to the effort of improving performance of mobile edge caching.Existing studies often overlook the dynamic nature of user locations and the potential of device-to-device(D2D)cooperative caching,limiting the reduction of transmission latency.To address this issue,this paper proposes a joint optimization scheme for edge caching that integrates user mobility prediction with deep reinforcement learning.First,a Transformer-based geolocation prediction model is designed,leveraging multi-head attention mechanisms to capture correlations in historical user trajectories for accurate future location prediction.Then,within a three-tier heterogeneous network,we formulate a latency minimization problem under a D2D cooperative caching architecture and develop a mobility-aware Deep Q-Network(DQN)caching strategy.This strategy takes predicted location information as state input and dynamically adjusts the content distribution across small base stations(SBSs)andmobile users(MUs)to reduce end-to-end delay inmulti-hop content retrieval.Simulation results show that the proposed DQN-based method outperforms other baseline strategies across variousmetrics,achieving a 17.2%reduction in transmission delay compared to DQNmethods withoutmobility integration,thus validating the effectiveness of the joint optimization of location prediction and caching decisions.展开更多
Coptis chinensis Franch.and Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.are traditional herbal medicines with millennia of documented use and broad therapeutic applications,including anti-diabetic properties.However,the synergistic effect ...Coptis chinensis Franch.and Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.are traditional herbal medicines with millennia of documented use and broad therapeutic applications,including anti-diabetic properties.However,the synergistic effect of total alkaloids from Coptis chinensis and total ginsenosides from Panax ginseng on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and its underlying mechanism remain unclear.The research demonstrated that the optimal ratio of total alkaloids from Coptis chinensis and total ginsenosides from Panax ginseng was 4∶1,exhibiting maximal efficacy in improving insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis in primary mouse hepatocytes.This combination demonstrated significant synergistic effects in improving glucose tolerance,reducing fasting blood glucose(FBG),the weight ratio of epididymal white adipose tissue(eWAT),and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)in leptin receptor-deficient(db/db)mice.Subsequently,a T2DM liver-specific network was constructed based on RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)experiments and public databases by integrating transcriptional properties of disease-associated proteins and protein-protein interactions(PPIs).The network recovery index(NRI)score of the combined treatment group with a 4∶1 ratio exceeded that of groups treated with individual components.The research identified that activated adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC)signaling in the liver played a crucial role in the synergistic treatment of T2DM,as verified by western blot experiment in db/db mice.These findings demonstrate that the 4∶1 combination of total alkaloids from Coptis chinensis and total ginsenosides from Panax ginseng significantly improves insulin resistance and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in db/db mice,surpassing the efficacy of individual treatments.The synergistic mechanism correlates with enhanced AMPK/ACC signaling pathway activity.展开更多
目的:基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探究不忘散加味方治疗2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)轻度认知障碍的作用机制。方法:利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database a...目的:基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探究不忘散加味方治疗2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)轻度认知障碍的作用机制。方法:利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform,TCMSP)和BATMAN-TCM数据库筛选不忘散加味方的药物成分及潜在作用靶点;通过在线人类孟德尔遗传数据库(online mendelian inheritance in man,OMIM)及人类基因数据库(the human gene database,GeneCards)筛选疾病相关靶点,获取疾病与药物交集靶点,得出不忘散加味方治疗T2DM轻度认知障碍的潜在作用靶点;通过Cytoscape 3.8.2软件构建“药物-成分-作用靶点”网络;将疾病与药物交集靶点导入STRING数据库,构建蛋白-蛋白互作(proteinprotein interactions,PPI)网络,筛选核心靶点;借助核心靶基因导入基因功能注释数据库(the database for annotation visualization and integrated discovery,DAVID)对疾病与药物交集靶点做基因本体论(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析;通过AutoDock Vina软件对筛选出的关键成分与靶点进行分子对接,验证药物与疾病的作用关系。结果:共筛选得到不忘散加味方活性成分135个,不忘散加味方与T2DM轻度认知障碍交集靶点293个;获得槲皮素、β-谷甾醇、山柰酚、木犀草素、豆甾醇等关键活性化合物;筛选得到TP53、IL-6、AKT1、TNF、STAT3、IL-1β、EGFR、JUN、INS、BCL2等核心靶点;潜在作用靶点主要富集在脂质与动脉粥样硬化通路、糖尿病并发症AGE-RAGE、流体剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化通路等。结论:不忘散加味存在多种活性成分,可能通过多个潜在靶点、多条信号通路发挥对T2DM合并轻度认知障碍的治疗作用。展开更多
In this paper,we jointly design the power control and position dispatch for Multi-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)-enabled communication in Device-to-Device(D2D)networks.Our objective is to maximize the total transmission...In this paper,we jointly design the power control and position dispatch for Multi-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)-enabled communication in Device-to-Device(D2D)networks.Our objective is to maximize the total transmission rate of Downlink Users(DUs).Meanwhile,the Quality of Service(QoS)of all D2D users must be satisfied.We comprehensively considered the interference among D2D communications and downlink transmissions.The original problem is strongly non-convex,which requires high computational complexity for traditional optimization methods.And to make matters worse,the results are not necessarily globally optimal.In this paper,we propose a novel Graph Neural Networks(GNN)based approach that can map the considered system into a specific graph structure and achieve the optimal solution in a low complexity manner.Particularly,we first construct a GNN-based model for the proposed network,in which the transmission links and interference links are formulated as vertexes and edges,respectively.Then,by taking the channel state information and the coordinates of ground users as the inputs,as well as the location of UAVs and the transmission power of all transmitters as outputs,we obtain the mapping from inputs to outputs through training the parameters of GNN.Simulation results verified that the way to maximize the total transmission rate of DUs can be extracted effectively via the training on samples.Moreover,it also shows that the performance of proposed GNN-based method is better than that of traditional means.展开更多
To reduce CO_(2) emissions in response to global climate change,shale reservoirs could be ideal candidates for long-term carbon geo-sequestration involving multi-scale transport processes.However,most current CO_(2) s...To reduce CO_(2) emissions in response to global climate change,shale reservoirs could be ideal candidates for long-term carbon geo-sequestration involving multi-scale transport processes.However,most current CO_(2) sequestration models do not adequately consider multiple transport mechanisms.Moreover,the evaluation of CO_(2) storage processes usually involves laborious and time-consuming numerical simulations unsuitable for practical prediction and decision-making.In this paper,an integrated model involving gas diffusion,adsorption,dissolution,slip flow,and Darcy flow is proposed to accurately characterize CO_(2) storage in depleted shale reservoirs,supporting the establishment of a training database.On this basis,a hybrid physics-informed data-driven neural network(HPDNN)is developed as a deep learning surrogate for prediction and inversion.By incorporating multiple sources of scientific knowledge,the HPDNN can be configured with limited simulation resources,significantly accelerating the forward and inversion processes.Furthermore,the HPDNN can more intelligently predict injection performance,precisely perform reservoir parameter inversion,and reasonably evaluate the CO_(2) storage capacity under complicated scenarios.The validation and test results demonstrate that the HPDNN can ensure high accuracy and strong robustness across an extensive applicability range when dealing with field data with multiple noise sources.This study has tremendous potential to replace traditional modeling tools for predicting and making decisions about CO_(2) storage projects in depleted shale reservoirs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RA)and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2I)are associated with significant cardiovascular benefit in type 2 diabetes(T2D).However,GLP-1RA or SGL...BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RA)and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2I)are associated with significant cardiovascular benefit in type 2 diabetes(T2D).However,GLP-1RA or SGLT-2I alone may not improve some cardiovascular outcomes in patients with prior cardiovascular co-morbidities.AIM To explore whether combining GLP-1RA and SGLT-2I can achieve additional benefit in preventing cardiovascular diseases in T2D.METHODS The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA recommendations.The protocol was registered on PROSPERO(ID:42022385007).A total of 107049 participants from eligible cardiovascular outcomes trials of GLP-1RA and SGLT-2I were included in network meta-regressions to estimate cardiovascular benefit of the combination treatment.Effect modification of prior myocardial infarction(MI)and heart failure(HF)was also explored to provide clinical insight as to when the INTRODUCTION The macro-and micro-vascular benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RA)and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2I)are independent of their glucose-lowering effects[1].In patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D),the major cardiovascular outcome trials(CVOT)showed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors(DPP-4I)did not improve cardiovascular outcomes[2],whereas cardiovascular benefit of GLP-1RA or SGLT-2I was significant[3,4].Further subgroup analyses indicated that the background cardiovascular risk should be considered when examining the cardiovascular outcomes of these newer glucose-lowering medications.For instance,prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)was only seen in those patients with baseline atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease[3,4].Moreover,a series of CVOT conducted in patients with heart failure(HF)have demonstrated that(compared with placebo)SGLT-2I significantly reduced risk of hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death,irrespective of their history of T2D[5-8].However,similar cardiovascular benefits were not observed in those with myocardial infarction(MI)[9,10].Cardiovascular co-morbidities are not only approximately twice as common but are also associated with dispropor-tionately worse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2D,compared to the general population[11].Therefore,it is of clinical importance to investigate whether the combination treatment of GLP-1RA and SGLT-2I could achieve greater cardiovascular benefit,particularly when considering patients with cardiovascular co-morbidities who may not gain sufficient cardiovascular protection from the monotherapies.This systematic review with multiple network meta-regressions was mainly aimed to explore whether combining GLP-1RA and SGLT-2I can provide additional cardiovascular benefit in T2D.Cardiovascular outcomes of these newer antidiabetic medications were also estimated under effect modification of prior cardiovascular diseases.This was to provide clinical insight as to when the combination treatment might be prioritized.展开更多
基金supported by Interdisciplinary Innova-tion Project of“Bioarchaeology Laboratory”of Jilin University,China,and“MedicineþX”Interdisciplinary Innovation Team of Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University,China(Grant No.:2022JBGS05).
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)mutations are influenced by random and uncontrollable factors,and the risk of the next widespread epidemic remains.Dual-target drugs that synergistically act on two targets exhibit strong therapeutic effects and advantages against mutations.In this study,a novel computational workflow was developed to design dual-target SARS-CoV-2 candidate inhibitors with the Envelope protein and Main protease selected as the two target proteins.The drug-like molecules of our self-constructed 3D scaffold database were used as high-throughput molecular docking probes for feature extraction of two target protein pockets.A multi-layer perceptron(MLP)was employed to embed the binding affinities into a latent space as conditional vectors to control conditional distribution.Utilizing a conditional generative neural network,cG-SchNet,with 3D Euclidean group(E3)symmetries,the conditional probability distributions of molecular 3D structures were acquired and a set of novel SARS-CoV-2 dual-target candidate inhibitors were generated.The 1D probability,2D joint probability,and 2D cumulative probability distribution results indicate that the generated sets are significantly enhanced compared to the training set in the high binding affinity area.Among the 201 generated molecules,42 molecules exhibited a sum binding affinity exceeding 17.0 kcal/mol while 9 of them having a sum binding affinity exceeding 19.0 kcal/mol,demonstrating structure diversity along with strong dual-target affinities,good absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion,and toxicity(ADMET)properties,and ease of synthesis.Dual-target drugs are rare and difficult to find,and our“high-throughput docking-multi-conditional generation”workflow offers a wide range of options for designing or optimizing potent dual-target SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.
文摘Objective Epidemiological studies have shown that vitamin D status affects glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,findings from intervention studies remain inconsistent.Therefore,a network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of various vitamin D supplementation strategies on glucose indicators in adults with T2DM.Methods Eligible studies published before September 12,2024,were retrieved from PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science.A network meta-analysis of multiple dosage strategies—low(<1,000 IU/day,LDS),medium(1,000–2,000 IU/day,MDS),high(2,000–4,000 IU/day,HDS),and extremely high(≥4,000 IU/day,EHDS)—was performed.Results The network meta-analysis of 40 RCTs indicated that,compared with placebo,vitamin D_(3)supplementation increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25-(OH)-D]levels,with pooled mean difference(MD)showing a stepwise increase from LDS to EHDS.Ranking probabilities showed a corresponding rise in 25-(OH)-D levels from LDS(46.7%)to EHDS(91.2%).EHDS reduced fasting blood glucose(FBG)relative to no treatment.LDS significantly decreased hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),and vitamin D_(2) significantly affected FBG levels.MDS led to a significant change in fasting insulin(FIN)compared to both placebo(MD:-4.76;95%CI-8.91 to-0.61)and no treatment(MD:-7.30;95%CI-14.44 to-0.17).Conclusion The findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be a viable approach for improving glycemic control in adults with T2DM,with lower doses potentially offering benefit.The analysis also showed a dose-dependent increase in 25-(OH)-D levels.
基金Project ZR2023MF111 supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation。
文摘With the advancement of Vehicle-to-Everything(V2X)technology,efficient resource allocation in dynamic vehicular networks has become a critical challenge for achieving optimal performance.Existing methods suffer from high computational complexity and decision latency under high-density traffic and heterogeneous network conditions.To address these challenges,this study presents an innovative framework that combines Graph Neural Networks(GNNs)with a Double Deep Q-Network(DDQN),utilizing dynamic graph structures and reinforcement learning.An adaptive neighbor sampling mechanism is introduced to dynamically select the most relevant neighbors based on interference levels and network topology,thereby improving decision accuracy and efficiency.Meanwhile,the framework models communication links as nodes and interference relationships as edges,effectively capturing the direct impact of interference on resource allocation while reducing computational complexity and preserving critical interaction information.Employing an aggregation mechanism based on the Graph Attention Network(GAT),it dynamically adjusts the neighbor sampling scope and performs attention-weighted aggregation based on node importance,ensuring more efficient and adaptive resource management.This design ensures reliable Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)communication while maintaining high Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I)throughput.The framework retains the global feature learning capabilities of GNNs and supports distributed network deployment,allowing vehicles to extract low-dimensional graph embeddings from local observations for real-time resource decisions.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly reduces computational overhead,mitigates latency,and improves resource utilization efficiency in vehicular networks under complex traffic scenarios.This research not only provides a novel solution to resource allocation challenges in V2X networks but also advances the application of DDQN in intelligent transportation systems,offering substantial theoretical significance and practical value.
文摘The increasing demand for radioauthorized applications in the 6G era necessitates enhanced monitoring and management of radio resources,particularly for precise control over the electromagnetic environment.The radio map serves as a crucial tool for describing signal strength distribution within the current electromagnetic environment.However,most existing algorithms rely on sparse measurements of radio strength,disregarding the impact of building information.In this paper,we propose a spectrum cartography(SC)algorithm that eliminates the need for relying on sparse ground-based radio strength measurements by utilizing a satellite network to collect data on buildings and transmitters.Our algorithm leverages Pix2Pix Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)to construct accurate radio maps using transmitter information within real geographical environments.Finally,simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm exhibits superior accuracy compared to previously proposed methods.
基金Tsinghua Precision Medicine Foundation:Tangfukang Plays the Therapeutic Role in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Qi and Yin Deficiency Syndrome by Regulating the Intestinal Flora Mediated Branched-chain Amino Acids-Phosphatidylinositide 3-Kinases-Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathway(grant number 10001020105)National Natural Science Foundation of China:Tangfukang Plays the Therapeutic Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Regulating the Intestinal Flora Mediated Adiponectin-adenosine 5-Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase-branched-chain Amino Acids Signaling Pathway(grant number 82104812)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Tangfukang formula(糖复康方,TFK)in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS:We employed network pharmacology combined with experimental validation to explore the potential mechanism of TFK against T2DM.Initially,we filtered bioactive compounds with the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and Symptom Mapping(Sym Map),and gathered targets of TFK and T2DM.Subsequently,we constructed a protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,enriched core targets through Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG),and adopted molecular docking to study the binding mode of compounds and the signaling pathway.Finally,we employed a KKAy mice model to investigate the effect and mechanism of TFK against T2DM.Biochemical assay,histology assay,and Western blot(WB)were used to assess the mechanism.RESULTS:There were 492 bioactive compounds of TFK screened,and 1226 overlapping targets of TFK against T2DM identified.A compound-T2DM-related target network with 997 nodes and 4439 edges was constructed.KEGG enrichment analysis identified some core pathways related to T2DM,including adenosine 5-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling pathway.Molecular docking study revealed that compounds of TFK,including citric acid,could bind to the active pocket of AMPK crystal structure with free binding energy of-4.8,-8 and-7.9,respectively.Animal experiments indicated that TFK decreased body weight,fasting blood glucose,fasting serum insulin,homeostasis model of insulin resistance,glycosylated serum protein,total cholesterol,triglyceride,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,and improve oral glucose tolerance test results.TFK reduced steatosis in liver tissue,and infiltration of inflammatory cells,and protected liver cells to a certain extent.WB analysis revealed that,TFK upregulated the phosphorylation of AMPK and branchedchainα-ketoacid dehydrogenase proteins.CONCLUSION:TFK has the potential to effectively manage T2DM,possibly by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway.The present study lays a new foundation for the therapeutic application of TFK in the treatment of T2DM.
文摘High-entropy alloy(HEA)offer tunable composition and surface structures,enabling the creation of novel active sites that enhance catalytic performance in renewable energy application.However,the inherent surface complexity and tendency for elemental segregation,which results in discrepancies between bulk and surface compositions,pose challenges for direct investigation via density functional theory.To address this,Monte Carlo simulations combined with molecular dynamics were employed to model surface segregation across a broad range of elements,including Cu,Ag,Au,Pt,Pd,and Al.The analysis revealed a trend in surface segregation propensity following the order Ag>Au>Al>Cu>Pd>Pt.To capture the correlation between surface site characteristics and the free energy of multi-dentate CO_(2)reduction intermediates,a graph neural network was designed,where adsorbates were transformed into pseudo-atoms at their centers of mass.This model achieved mean absolute errors of 0.08–0.15 eV for the free energies of C_(2)intermediates,enabling precise site activity quantification.Results indicated that increasing the concentration of Cu,Ag,and Al significantly boosts activity for CO and C_(2)formation,whereas Au,Pd,and Pt exhibit negative effects.By screening stable composition space,promising HEA bulk compositions for CO,HCOOH,and C_(2)products were predicted,offering superior catalytic activity compared to pure Cu catalysts.
基金supported by the Liaoning Provincial Education Department Fund,grant number JYTZD2023083.
文摘In dynamic 5G network environments,user mobility and heterogeneous network topologies pose dual challenges to the effort of improving performance of mobile edge caching.Existing studies often overlook the dynamic nature of user locations and the potential of device-to-device(D2D)cooperative caching,limiting the reduction of transmission latency.To address this issue,this paper proposes a joint optimization scheme for edge caching that integrates user mobility prediction with deep reinforcement learning.First,a Transformer-based geolocation prediction model is designed,leveraging multi-head attention mechanisms to capture correlations in historical user trajectories for accurate future location prediction.Then,within a three-tier heterogeneous network,we formulate a latency minimization problem under a D2D cooperative caching architecture and develop a mobility-aware Deep Q-Network(DQN)caching strategy.This strategy takes predicted location information as state input and dynamically adjusts the content distribution across small base stations(SBSs)andmobile users(MUs)to reduce end-to-end delay inmulti-hop content retrieval.Simulation results show that the proposed DQN-based method outperforms other baseline strategies across variousmetrics,achieving a 17.2%reduction in transmission delay compared to DQNmethods withoutmobility integration,thus validating the effectiveness of the joint optimization of location prediction and caching decisions.
基金supported by the Pioneer and Leading Goose R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2024C03106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U23A20513)+1 种基金Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program(No.2022030309)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.ZYYCXTD-D-202002).
文摘Coptis chinensis Franch.and Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.are traditional herbal medicines with millennia of documented use and broad therapeutic applications,including anti-diabetic properties.However,the synergistic effect of total alkaloids from Coptis chinensis and total ginsenosides from Panax ginseng on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and its underlying mechanism remain unclear.The research demonstrated that the optimal ratio of total alkaloids from Coptis chinensis and total ginsenosides from Panax ginseng was 4∶1,exhibiting maximal efficacy in improving insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis in primary mouse hepatocytes.This combination demonstrated significant synergistic effects in improving glucose tolerance,reducing fasting blood glucose(FBG),the weight ratio of epididymal white adipose tissue(eWAT),and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)in leptin receptor-deficient(db/db)mice.Subsequently,a T2DM liver-specific network was constructed based on RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)experiments and public databases by integrating transcriptional properties of disease-associated proteins and protein-protein interactions(PPIs).The network recovery index(NRI)score of the combined treatment group with a 4∶1 ratio exceeded that of groups treated with individual components.The research identified that activated adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC)signaling in the liver played a crucial role in the synergistic treatment of T2DM,as verified by western blot experiment in db/db mice.These findings demonstrate that the 4∶1 combination of total alkaloids from Coptis chinensis and total ginsenosides from Panax ginseng significantly improves insulin resistance and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in db/db mice,surpassing the efficacy of individual treatments.The synergistic mechanism correlates with enhanced AMPK/ACC signaling pathway activity.
文摘目的:基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探究不忘散加味方治疗2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)轻度认知障碍的作用机制。方法:利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform,TCMSP)和BATMAN-TCM数据库筛选不忘散加味方的药物成分及潜在作用靶点;通过在线人类孟德尔遗传数据库(online mendelian inheritance in man,OMIM)及人类基因数据库(the human gene database,GeneCards)筛选疾病相关靶点,获取疾病与药物交集靶点,得出不忘散加味方治疗T2DM轻度认知障碍的潜在作用靶点;通过Cytoscape 3.8.2软件构建“药物-成分-作用靶点”网络;将疾病与药物交集靶点导入STRING数据库,构建蛋白-蛋白互作(proteinprotein interactions,PPI)网络,筛选核心靶点;借助核心靶基因导入基因功能注释数据库(the database for annotation visualization and integrated discovery,DAVID)对疾病与药物交集靶点做基因本体论(gene ontology,GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析;通过AutoDock Vina软件对筛选出的关键成分与靶点进行分子对接,验证药物与疾病的作用关系。结果:共筛选得到不忘散加味方活性成分135个,不忘散加味方与T2DM轻度认知障碍交集靶点293个;获得槲皮素、β-谷甾醇、山柰酚、木犀草素、豆甾醇等关键活性化合物;筛选得到TP53、IL-6、AKT1、TNF、STAT3、IL-1β、EGFR、JUN、INS、BCL2等核心靶点;潜在作用靶点主要富集在脂质与动脉粥样硬化通路、糖尿病并发症AGE-RAGE、流体剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化通路等。结论:不忘散加味存在多种活性成分,可能通过多个潜在靶点、多条信号通路发挥对T2DM合并轻度认知障碍的治疗作用。
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61901231)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61971238)+3 种基金in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK20180757)in part by the open project of the Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(KF20202102)in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant(2020M671480)in part by the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(2020z295).
文摘In this paper,we jointly design the power control and position dispatch for Multi-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)-enabled communication in Device-to-Device(D2D)networks.Our objective is to maximize the total transmission rate of Downlink Users(DUs).Meanwhile,the Quality of Service(QoS)of all D2D users must be satisfied.We comprehensively considered the interference among D2D communications and downlink transmissions.The original problem is strongly non-convex,which requires high computational complexity for traditional optimization methods.And to make matters worse,the results are not necessarily globally optimal.In this paper,we propose a novel Graph Neural Networks(GNN)based approach that can map the considered system into a specific graph structure and achieve the optimal solution in a low complexity manner.Particularly,we first construct a GNN-based model for the proposed network,in which the transmission links and interference links are formulated as vertexes and edges,respectively.Then,by taking the channel state information and the coordinates of ground users as the inputs,as well as the location of UAVs and the transmission power of all transmitters as outputs,we obtain the mapping from inputs to outputs through training the parameters of GNN.Simulation results verified that the way to maximize the total transmission rate of DUs can be extracted effectively via the training on samples.Moreover,it also shows that the performance of proposed GNN-based method is better than that of traditional means.
基金This work is funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42202292,42141011)the Program for Jilin University(JLU)Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(No.2019TD-35).The authors would also like to thank the reviewers and editors whose critical comments are very helpful in preparing this article.
文摘To reduce CO_(2) emissions in response to global climate change,shale reservoirs could be ideal candidates for long-term carbon geo-sequestration involving multi-scale transport processes.However,most current CO_(2) sequestration models do not adequately consider multiple transport mechanisms.Moreover,the evaluation of CO_(2) storage processes usually involves laborious and time-consuming numerical simulations unsuitable for practical prediction and decision-making.In this paper,an integrated model involving gas diffusion,adsorption,dissolution,slip flow,and Darcy flow is proposed to accurately characterize CO_(2) storage in depleted shale reservoirs,supporting the establishment of a training database.On this basis,a hybrid physics-informed data-driven neural network(HPDNN)is developed as a deep learning surrogate for prediction and inversion.By incorporating multiple sources of scientific knowledge,the HPDNN can be configured with limited simulation resources,significantly accelerating the forward and inversion processes.Furthermore,the HPDNN can more intelligently predict injection performance,precisely perform reservoir parameter inversion,and reasonably evaluate the CO_(2) storage capacity under complicated scenarios.The validation and test results demonstrate that the HPDNN can ensure high accuracy and strong robustness across an extensive applicability range when dealing with field data with multiple noise sources.This study has tremendous potential to replace traditional modeling tools for predicting and making decisions about CO_(2) storage projects in depleted shale reservoirs.
基金Supported by China Scholarship Council,No.202006920018Key Talent Program for Medical Applications of Nuclear Technology,No.XKTJ-HRC2021007+2 种基金the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,No.SDFEYBS1815 and No.SDFEYBS2008National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170831The Jiangsu Innovation&Career Fund for PhD 2019.
文摘BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RA)and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2I)are associated with significant cardiovascular benefit in type 2 diabetes(T2D).However,GLP-1RA or SGLT-2I alone may not improve some cardiovascular outcomes in patients with prior cardiovascular co-morbidities.AIM To explore whether combining GLP-1RA and SGLT-2I can achieve additional benefit in preventing cardiovascular diseases in T2D.METHODS The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA recommendations.The protocol was registered on PROSPERO(ID:42022385007).A total of 107049 participants from eligible cardiovascular outcomes trials of GLP-1RA and SGLT-2I were included in network meta-regressions to estimate cardiovascular benefit of the combination treatment.Effect modification of prior myocardial infarction(MI)and heart failure(HF)was also explored to provide clinical insight as to when the INTRODUCTION The macro-and micro-vascular benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RA)and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2I)are independent of their glucose-lowering effects[1].In patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D),the major cardiovascular outcome trials(CVOT)showed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors(DPP-4I)did not improve cardiovascular outcomes[2],whereas cardiovascular benefit of GLP-1RA or SGLT-2I was significant[3,4].Further subgroup analyses indicated that the background cardiovascular risk should be considered when examining the cardiovascular outcomes of these newer glucose-lowering medications.For instance,prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)was only seen in those patients with baseline atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease[3,4].Moreover,a series of CVOT conducted in patients with heart failure(HF)have demonstrated that(compared with placebo)SGLT-2I significantly reduced risk of hospitalization for HF or cardiovascular death,irrespective of their history of T2D[5-8].However,similar cardiovascular benefits were not observed in those with myocardial infarction(MI)[9,10].Cardiovascular co-morbidities are not only approximately twice as common but are also associated with dispropor-tionately worse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with T2D,compared to the general population[11].Therefore,it is of clinical importance to investigate whether the combination treatment of GLP-1RA and SGLT-2I could achieve greater cardiovascular benefit,particularly when considering patients with cardiovascular co-morbidities who may not gain sufficient cardiovascular protection from the monotherapies.This systematic review with multiple network meta-regressions was mainly aimed to explore whether combining GLP-1RA and SGLT-2I can provide additional cardiovascular benefit in T2D.Cardiovascular outcomes of these newer antidiabetic medications were also estimated under effect modification of prior cardiovascular diseases.This was to provide clinical insight as to when the combination treatment might be prioritized.
