Directors:Mo Zhengxi,Liu Junsheng,Yan Zhenning Length:Eight Episodes Producers:Black Squirrel;Huashijian Broadcasting Platform:bilibili This documentary series focuses on the ecology of traditional Chinese dwellings,s...Directors:Mo Zhengxi,Liu Junsheng,Yan Zhenning Length:Eight Episodes Producers:Black Squirrel;Huashijian Broadcasting Platform:bilibili This documentary series focuses on the ecology of traditional Chinese dwellings,showing the architecture and lifestyle of people living in traditional houses.Bringing together China’s top academics in the field of residential research,the topics presented include the design,protection,and development of traditional Chinese residences,and the stories of people’s daily lives.展开更多
You may not expect that the talk shows that frequently dominate the charts today originated from coffee shops in England in the 18th century.The coffee shop was a breeding place for early public discussions,where peop...You may not expect that the talk shows that frequently dominate the charts today originated from coffee shops in England in the 18th century.The coffee shop was a breeding place for early public discussions,where people engaged in free debates on political and social issues.展开更多
THIS year marks a major milestone in China-EU engagement—the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between them.Building on this momentum,the two sides released the Joint Statement on Climate ...THIS year marks a major milestone in China-EU engagement—the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between them.Building on this momentum,the two sides released the Joint Statement on Climate Change by Chinese and EU Leaders in July,noting that“in the fluid and turbulent international situation today,it is crucial that all countries,notably the major economies,maintain policy continuity and stability and step up efforts to address climate change.”Showing insightful political commitment,this document will guide China-EU cooperation in green development over the coming 50 years.To translate commitments into reality,China and the EU must understand the shifting role the other side is playing in global climate governance and take pragmatic actions to overcome challenges.展开更多
China’s aluminum processing industry showed differentiation,resulting in the unbalanced allocation of profits in domestic aluminum processing enterprises in 2016.Among them,the medium and low-end deep processing ente...China’s aluminum processing industry showed differentiation,resulting in the unbalanced allocation of profits in domestic aluminum processing enterprises in 2016.Among them,the medium and low-end deep processing enterprises saw a profit decline,while high-end enterprises were the other case.Due to a lack of R&D investment in展开更多
China’s GDP in the first half of 2010 isinitially calculated to grow 11.1% yearon-year,which was 3.7 percentage pointshigher than that in the same period of 2009,showing the momentum of nationaleconomy development,th...China’s GDP in the first half of 2010 isinitially calculated to grow 11.1% yearon-year,which was 3.7 percentage pointshigher than that in the same period of 2009,showing the momentum of nationaleconomy development,the National Bureauof Statistics of China (NBS) releasedon July 15th.But GDP growth shrank to 10.3% in展开更多
In recent years,molecular shuttles,motors,pumps,and elevators,etc.could specifically respond external physical or chemical stimuli including light,temperature,pH,redox,solvent and chemical additive to change the struc...In recent years,molecular shuttles,motors,pumps,and elevators,etc.could specifically respond external physical or chemical stimuli including light,temperature,pH,redox,solvent and chemical additive to change the structure and function,showing great potential in materials and biological applications[1,2].展开更多
Glial cells have often been referred to as the support cells of the brain.While they do have numerous supportive functions,there is emerging research showing they play an active role in shaping the brain and behaviour...Glial cells have often been referred to as the support cells of the brain.While they do have numerous supportive functions,there is emerging research showing they play an active role in shaping the brain and behaviour.Studying the cellular and molecular crosstalk between brain cell types is immensely valuable as this research topic continues to demonstrate that many brain functions are a result of a system of cells working together,rather than any cell type independently.展开更多
艺术家乔希·辛普森制作玻璃球,并且他做的玻璃球会藏在地球上的任意一个地方等待人们发现。Artist Josh Simpson creates tiny glass planets that are meant to delight his audi-ence.Decades ago,he gave glassblowing demonstr...艺术家乔希·辛普森制作玻璃球,并且他做的玻璃球会藏在地球上的任意一个地方等待人们发现。Artist Josh Simpson creates tiny glass planets that are meant to delight his audi-ence.Decades ago,he gave glassblowing demonstrations to local students in his studio in Springfield,Massachusetts.Simp-son started by showing the middle-school students how to make marbles(弹子).展开更多
人生旅途的每一站,音乐如影随形。它见证并陪伴着我们的每一个情感瞬间,成为我们快乐、悲伤与沉思时刻的真挚伙伴,并构筑起生命中不朽的声音记忆。1 Music is like a friend I can always count on,showing me the way and making me fe...人生旅途的每一站,音乐如影随形。它见证并陪伴着我们的每一个情感瞬间,成为我们快乐、悲伤与沉思时刻的真挚伙伴,并构筑起生命中不朽的声音记忆。1 Music is like a friend I can always count on,showing me the way and making me feel good.When I was a little girl,it would help me fall asleep with calm songs.As I grew up,the tunes my mom and dad loved filled our house,getting me to like old hits and learn about new ones.展开更多
Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ov...Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.展开更多
Objective:In this research,we tried to explore how short-term mindfulness(STM)intervention affects adoles-cents’anxiety,depression,and negative and positive emotion during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design:10 classes were...Objective:In this research,we tried to explore how short-term mindfulness(STM)intervention affects adoles-cents’anxiety,depression,and negative and positive emotion during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design:10 classes were divided into experiment groups(5 classes;n=238)and control(5 classes;n=244)randomly.Hospital Anxi-ety and Depression Scale(HADS)and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS)were used to measure par-ticipants’dependent variables.In the experiment group,we conducted STM practice interventions every morning in theirfirst class from March to November 2020.No interventions were conducted in the control group.Methods:Paired-sample t-tests were used to identify if a significant difference exists between every time point of the experimental and control groups.Repeated ANOVA and Growth Mixture Model(GMM)were used to analyze the tendency of positive and negative emotions,anxiety,and depression in the experimental group.Results and Conclusions:(1)With the intervention of STM,there was a significant decrease in negative emotions and an increase in positive emotions in the experimental group,whereas there were non-significant differences in the control group.(2)To explore the heterogeneity trajectories of dependent variables,we built a GMM and found there were two latent growth classes in the trajectories.(3)The results of the models showed their trajec-tories were downward,which meant that the levels of anxiety,depression,and negative emotions of participants decreased during the STM training period.Nonetheless,the score of positive affect showed upward in three loops of intervention,which indicated that the level of the participants’positive affect increased through the STM inter-vention.(4)This research indicated that STM should be given increasing consideration to enhance mental health during the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19.展开更多
Recently,American talent shows with its unique glamour and huge profit have attracted many Chinese TV stations to imitate.The process of imitation is essentially a collision of American and Chinese cultures.This study...Recently,American talent shows with its unique glamour and huge profit have attracted many Chinese TV stations to imitate.The process of imitation is essentially a collision of American and Chinese cultures.This study focuses on American Idol and Super Girls,discusses their different manifestations of individualism and analyzes the reasons behind it.The analysis shows that the differences of the two countries'cultural background contribute to the different manifestations of individualism.In a word,during the process of imitating American talent shows,the problems of Chinese talent shows indicate that American individualism has its positive as well as negative effects.Consequently,Chinese people should hold a critical attitude toward American individualism.展开更多
The reality show is gaining its popularity all across America as well as the world.It's more than a TV show and commercial activity;because it reveals American values that embody individualism,which is what the an...The reality show is gaining its popularity all across America as well as the world.It's more than a TV show and commercial activity;because it reveals American values that embody individualism,which is what the analysis is mainly about and there is a conclusion that it is strongly embraced by the Americans nowadays,along with the evident traces of edgy personality,teamwork,and innovation.展开更多
China’s rare earth export volume fell in January Analysis of customs statistics showed that China’s rare earth export volume continued to fall in January2019.Compared with January 2018, export volume fell by 1.7 per...China’s rare earth export volume fell in January Analysis of customs statistics showed that China’s rare earth export volume continued to fall in January2019.Compared with January 2018, export volume fell by 1.7 percent to 3752.9 tons, while average export prices rose by 6.0percent to$9.8/kg.展开更多
甲状腺呈胸腺样分化癌(carcinoma showing thymus like element,CASTLE)是一种发生于甲状腺及其周围颈部软组织的低度恶性肿瘤。文献报道CASTLE多位于甲状腺中下极,亦可发生于腮腺、梨状窝、侧颈部颌下区等。CASTLE应与恶性程度高,预后...甲状腺呈胸腺样分化癌(carcinoma showing thymus like element,CASTLE)是一种发生于甲状腺及其周围颈部软组织的低度恶性肿瘤。文献报道CASTLE多位于甲状腺中下极,亦可发生于腮腺、梨状窝、侧颈部颌下区等。CASTLE应与恶性程度高,预后差的癌相鉴别,以免过诊过治。CASTLE属全球罕见病例,鲜有合并其他恶性肿瘤报道,本例为CASTLE合并甲状腺乳头状癌。1病例资料患者,男性,38岁。因发现右颈部肿物4个月入院。展开更多
Ectopic thymic tissue can be present in the thyroid gland and a carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation(CASTLE) may arise from such tissue. We are reported the case of a 26-year-old man with CASTLE, with cervica...Ectopic thymic tissue can be present in the thyroid gland and a carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation(CASTLE) may arise from such tissue. We are reported the case of a 26-year-old man with CASTLE, with cervical subcutaneous nodules relapse, who showed a good response to treatment with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The problematic aspect of this case was the diagnosis; only on review were we able to make a final diagnosis. CASTLE is a very rare neoplasm. It is important to differentiate this cancer from others tumors such as primary or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck or squamous cell thyroid carcinoma, because the therapy and prognosis are different.Diagnosis is complicated and requires careful histological analysis(CD5- and P63-positive with presence of Hassall's corpuscles); unfortunately there is no gold standard treatment so, in this case, we administered a sandwich of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.展开更多
A colchicine-induced autotetraploid grapevine exhibiting potentially valuable agronomic traits for grape production and breeding,including self-pruning,was identified.This study investigated DNA methylation variation ...A colchicine-induced autotetraploid grapevine exhibiting potentially valuable agronomic traits for grape production and breeding,including self-pruning,was identified.This study investigated DNA methylation variation and its role in gene expression during self-pruning in the autotetraploid grapevine.We used RNA-Seq to estimate differentially expressed genes between diploid and autotetraploid grapevine shoot tips.The genes showing increases in the autotetraploid were mainly related to stress response pathways,whereas those showing decreases in the autotetraploid were related to biological metabolism and biosynthesis.Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing was performed to produce single-base methylomes for the diploid and autotetraploid grapevines.Comparison between the methylomes revealed that they were conserved in CG and CHG contexts.In the autotetraploid grapevine,hypodifferentially methylated regions(DMRs)and hyper-DMRs in the gene body increased or decreased gene expression,respectively.Our results indicated that a hypo-DMR in the ACO1 gene body increased its expression and might promote self-pruning.This study reports that hypo-DMRs in the gene body increase gene expression in plants and reveals the mechanism underlying the changes in the modifications affecting gene expression during genome duplication.Overall,our results provide valuable information for understanding the relationships between DNA methylation,gene expression,and autotetraploid breeding in grape.展开更多
INTRODUCTION The past two decades have witnessed one of the most contentious scientific debates in the field of temperature management after cardiac arrest in adults.It started in 2002,following the publication of two...INTRODUCTION The past two decades have witnessed one of the most contentious scientific debates in the field of temperature management after cardiac arrest in adults.It started in 2002,following the publication of two groundbreaking trials showing lower mortality rates and improved neurologic recovery with the use of active cooling.[1,2]International recommendations advocate active cooling in the range of 32–34℃for comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).[3,4]The year2013 marked the tipping point with the release of the TTM 1 trial.展开更多
Iron accumulation and neuroinflammation are cardinal features of many neurodegenerative diseases(Urrutia et al.,2021).However,the hierarchy in the pathogenic mechanisms and the molecular connections between these proc...Iron accumulation and neuroinflammation are cardinal features of many neurodegenerative diseases(Urrutia et al.,2021).However,the hierarchy in the pathogenic mechanisms and the molecular connections between these processes are still obscure.In this perspective,we will discuss current evidence showing that aging.展开更多
文摘Directors:Mo Zhengxi,Liu Junsheng,Yan Zhenning Length:Eight Episodes Producers:Black Squirrel;Huashijian Broadcasting Platform:bilibili This documentary series focuses on the ecology of traditional Chinese dwellings,showing the architecture and lifestyle of people living in traditional houses.Bringing together China’s top academics in the field of residential research,the topics presented include the design,protection,and development of traditional Chinese residences,and the stories of people’s daily lives.
文摘You may not expect that the talk shows that frequently dominate the charts today originated from coffee shops in England in the 18th century.The coffee shop was a breeding place for early public discussions,where people engaged in free debates on political and social issues.
文摘THIS year marks a major milestone in China-EU engagement—the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between them.Building on this momentum,the two sides released the Joint Statement on Climate Change by Chinese and EU Leaders in July,noting that“in the fluid and turbulent international situation today,it is crucial that all countries,notably the major economies,maintain policy continuity and stability and step up efforts to address climate change.”Showing insightful political commitment,this document will guide China-EU cooperation in green development over the coming 50 years.To translate commitments into reality,China and the EU must understand the shifting role the other side is playing in global climate governance and take pragmatic actions to overcome challenges.
文摘China’s aluminum processing industry showed differentiation,resulting in the unbalanced allocation of profits in domestic aluminum processing enterprises in 2016.Among them,the medium and low-end deep processing enterprises saw a profit decline,while high-end enterprises were the other case.Due to a lack of R&D investment in
文摘China’s GDP in the first half of 2010 isinitially calculated to grow 11.1% yearon-year,which was 3.7 percentage pointshigher than that in the same period of 2009,showing the momentum of nationaleconomy development,the National Bureauof Statistics of China (NBS) releasedon July 15th.But GDP growth shrank to 10.3% in
文摘In recent years,molecular shuttles,motors,pumps,and elevators,etc.could specifically respond external physical or chemical stimuli including light,temperature,pH,redox,solvent and chemical additive to change the structure and function,showing great potential in materials and biological applications[1,2].
基金supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)grants awarded to MET.
文摘Glial cells have often been referred to as the support cells of the brain.While they do have numerous supportive functions,there is emerging research showing they play an active role in shaping the brain and behaviour.Studying the cellular and molecular crosstalk between brain cell types is immensely valuable as this research topic continues to demonstrate that many brain functions are a result of a system of cells working together,rather than any cell type independently.
文摘艺术家乔希·辛普森制作玻璃球,并且他做的玻璃球会藏在地球上的任意一个地方等待人们发现。Artist Josh Simpson creates tiny glass planets that are meant to delight his audi-ence.Decades ago,he gave glassblowing demonstrations to local students in his studio in Springfield,Massachusetts.Simp-son started by showing the middle-school students how to make marbles(弹子).
文摘人生旅途的每一站,音乐如影随形。它见证并陪伴着我们的每一个情感瞬间,成为我们快乐、悲伤与沉思时刻的真挚伙伴,并构筑起生命中不朽的声音记忆。1 Music is like a friend I can always count on,showing me the way and making me feel good.When I was a little girl,it would help me fall asleep with calm songs.As I grew up,the tunes my mom and dad loved filled our house,getting me to like old hits and learn about new ones.
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Research Program,Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-SW-105)
文摘Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.
基金Regional Science Fund Project of Northwest Normal University,Grant No.31660281.
文摘Objective:In this research,we tried to explore how short-term mindfulness(STM)intervention affects adoles-cents’anxiety,depression,and negative and positive emotion during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design:10 classes were divided into experiment groups(5 classes;n=238)and control(5 classes;n=244)randomly.Hospital Anxi-ety and Depression Scale(HADS)and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS)were used to measure par-ticipants’dependent variables.In the experiment group,we conducted STM practice interventions every morning in theirfirst class from March to November 2020.No interventions were conducted in the control group.Methods:Paired-sample t-tests were used to identify if a significant difference exists between every time point of the experimental and control groups.Repeated ANOVA and Growth Mixture Model(GMM)were used to analyze the tendency of positive and negative emotions,anxiety,and depression in the experimental group.Results and Conclusions:(1)With the intervention of STM,there was a significant decrease in negative emotions and an increase in positive emotions in the experimental group,whereas there were non-significant differences in the control group.(2)To explore the heterogeneity trajectories of dependent variables,we built a GMM and found there were two latent growth classes in the trajectories.(3)The results of the models showed their trajec-tories were downward,which meant that the levels of anxiety,depression,and negative emotions of participants decreased during the STM training period.Nonetheless,the score of positive affect showed upward in three loops of intervention,which indicated that the level of the participants’positive affect increased through the STM inter-vention.(4)This research indicated that STM should be given increasing consideration to enhance mental health during the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19.
文摘Recently,American talent shows with its unique glamour and huge profit have attracted many Chinese TV stations to imitate.The process of imitation is essentially a collision of American and Chinese cultures.This study focuses on American Idol and Super Girls,discusses their different manifestations of individualism and analyzes the reasons behind it.The analysis shows that the differences of the two countries'cultural background contribute to the different manifestations of individualism.In a word,during the process of imitating American talent shows,the problems of Chinese talent shows indicate that American individualism has its positive as well as negative effects.Consequently,Chinese people should hold a critical attitude toward American individualism.
文摘The reality show is gaining its popularity all across America as well as the world.It's more than a TV show and commercial activity;because it reveals American values that embody individualism,which is what the analysis is mainly about and there is a conclusion that it is strongly embraced by the Americans nowadays,along with the evident traces of edgy personality,teamwork,and innovation.
文摘China’s rare earth export volume fell in January Analysis of customs statistics showed that China’s rare earth export volume continued to fall in January2019.Compared with January 2018, export volume fell by 1.7 percent to 3752.9 tons, while average export prices rose by 6.0percent to$9.8/kg.
文摘甲状腺呈胸腺样分化癌(carcinoma showing thymus like element,CASTLE)是一种发生于甲状腺及其周围颈部软组织的低度恶性肿瘤。文献报道CASTLE多位于甲状腺中下极,亦可发生于腮腺、梨状窝、侧颈部颌下区等。CASTLE应与恶性程度高,预后差的癌相鉴别,以免过诊过治。CASTLE属全球罕见病例,鲜有合并其他恶性肿瘤报道,本例为CASTLE合并甲状腺乳头状癌。1病例资料患者,男性,38岁。因发现右颈部肿物4个月入院。
文摘Ectopic thymic tissue can be present in the thyroid gland and a carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation(CASTLE) may arise from such tissue. We are reported the case of a 26-year-old man with CASTLE, with cervical subcutaneous nodules relapse, who showed a good response to treatment with surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The problematic aspect of this case was the diagnosis; only on review were we able to make a final diagnosis. CASTLE is a very rare neoplasm. It is important to differentiate this cancer from others tumors such as primary or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck or squamous cell thyroid carcinoma, because the therapy and prognosis are different.Diagnosis is complicated and requires careful histological analysis(CD5- and P63-positive with presence of Hassall's corpuscles); unfortunately there is no gold standard treatment so, in this case, we administered a sandwich of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000105)the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China,the National Science Foundation of China(31772266)+1 种基金Agricultural Breeding Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(NXNYYZ20150203)STS Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-025).
文摘A colchicine-induced autotetraploid grapevine exhibiting potentially valuable agronomic traits for grape production and breeding,including self-pruning,was identified.This study investigated DNA methylation variation and its role in gene expression during self-pruning in the autotetraploid grapevine.We used RNA-Seq to estimate differentially expressed genes between diploid and autotetraploid grapevine shoot tips.The genes showing increases in the autotetraploid were mainly related to stress response pathways,whereas those showing decreases in the autotetraploid were related to biological metabolism and biosynthesis.Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing was performed to produce single-base methylomes for the diploid and autotetraploid grapevines.Comparison between the methylomes revealed that they were conserved in CG and CHG contexts.In the autotetraploid grapevine,hypodifferentially methylated regions(DMRs)and hyper-DMRs in the gene body increased or decreased gene expression,respectively.Our results indicated that a hypo-DMR in the ACO1 gene body increased its expression and might promote self-pruning.This study reports that hypo-DMRs in the gene body increase gene expression in plants and reveals the mechanism underlying the changes in the modifications affecting gene expression during genome duplication.Overall,our results provide valuable information for understanding the relationships between DNA methylation,gene expression,and autotetraploid breeding in grape.
文摘INTRODUCTION The past two decades have witnessed one of the most contentious scientific debates in the field of temperature management after cardiac arrest in adults.It started in 2002,following the publication of two groundbreaking trials showing lower mortality rates and improved neurologic recovery with the use of active cooling.[1,2]International recommendations advocate active cooling in the range of 32–34℃for comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).[3,4]The year2013 marked the tipping point with the release of the TTM 1 trial.
基金supported by Fondo de Enlace UDP 2021(to DAB)FONDECYT Initiation in Research,No.11201141(to PJU)。
文摘Iron accumulation and neuroinflammation are cardinal features of many neurodegenerative diseases(Urrutia et al.,2021).However,the hierarchy in the pathogenic mechanisms and the molecular connections between these processes are still obscure.In this perspective,we will discuss current evidence showing that aging.