Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)is a treasure of China’s traditional medical heritage,embodying the wisdom and cultural depth of the Chinese nation.Higher TCM education shoulders the important responsibility of pres...Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)is a treasure of China’s traditional medical heritage,embodying the wisdom and cultural depth of the Chinese nation.Higher TCM education shoulders the important responsibility of preserving and advancing TCM,and in today’s context,it offers significant advantages while also facing numerous challenges.Among its strengths are a profound cultural foundation in TCM,utilizing classic texts and unique theories to cultivate students’TCM thinking and competence;diversified teaching methods that integrate knowledge from multiple disciplines,innovate instructional models,and combine traditional with modern educational approaches;a complete teaching system characterized by professional faculty and advanced facilities;and interdisciplinary integration fostering innovation.However,problems persist,including some students lacking confidence in TCM culture due to the influence of Western medicine concepts and the westernization of the educational model;weak practical teaching where theory dominates,practice time is limited,and there are insufficient bases and instructors;and a shortage of faculty resulting in an imbalanced student-to-teacher ratio and an unreasonable structure.To address these issues,it is recommended to enhance cultural confidence,strengthen faculty development,and optimize practical teaching,thereby promoting the sustainable development of higher TCM education and achieving the shared prosperity of TCM education and the TCM profession.展开更多
Malaysia has a long way before achieving the 20%renewable-energy penetration by 2025.Currently,merely 2%of the country’s electricity is generated by renewable energy sources including solar power.Unlike the abundant ...Malaysia has a long way before achieving the 20%renewable-energy penetration by 2025.Currently,merely 2%of the country’s electricity is generated by renewable energy sources including solar power.Unlike the abundant literature about solar energy,qualitative studies that focus on experts’opinions on the weaknesses of residential solar-energy policies have received less attention,particularly in the context of Malaysia.Understanding the flaws in the existing policies would lead to creating a better policy framework for solar-energy development.Thus,this study aims to identify the shortcomings of the current government initiatives and policies that deter solar photovoltaic adoption among households from experts’perspectives.Experts also provide recommendations for better future policy design and implementation.This study employs a qualitative research approach(via semi-structured interviews)in collecting experts’viewpoints.Key concerns emerging from the interviews include insufficient financial support,lack of awareness programmes and subsidized electricity tariffs.Also,interviewed experts suggest sufficient financial incentives,increased public awareness programmes and comprehensive legislation aimed at safeguarding consumer interests as a means to raising solar-energy adoption in the country.This underlines the need for policymakers to create public awareness,provide financial support and develop regulatory measures aimed at managing solar companies for the sake of solar development in Malaysia.展开更多
Speaking at the fourth meeting of the Central Commission for Financial and Economic Affairs,General Secretary Xi Jinping said that China has already essentially achieved the objectives for building a moderately prospe...Speaking at the fourth meeting of the Central Commission for Financial and Economic Affairs,General Secretary Xi Jinping said that China has already essentially achieved the objectives for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,but stressed that although our efforts have yielded better results than anticipated,there still remain a number of weak links that need to be fixed.We must therefore go on the offensive,focusing our strength and working with greater intensity to ensure that these shortcomings are addressed quickly.展开更多
China plans to overhaul its education system to ensure fair distribution and improved qualityF or many Chinese people, the beginning of 2011 holds the promise of a fresh round of education reforms,
As digital technology grows,it will improve accessibility to justice and legal protection for the differently abled and promote social justice.THE rapid development of digital technology is not only changing tradition...As digital technology grows,it will improve accessibility to justice and legal protection for the differently abled and promote social justice.THE rapid development of digital technology is not only changing traditional working modes but also profoundly impacting the application of laws,evidence collection,trial process,and execution.Digital technologies can remedy many shortcomings in traditional judicial procedures,better protecting the legitimate rights and interests of people,especially people with disabilities.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the current status of health literacy regarding children’s vision protection among preschool teachers and to provide a basis for targeted training. Methods: A convenience sampling method was...Objective: To investigate the current status of health literacy regarding children’s vision protection among preschool teachers and to provide a basis for targeted training. Methods: A convenience sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire survey among 1,442 preschool teachers in Xiangyang City from April to June 2024. The questionnaire covered five dimensions: knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, skills, and policies. Item response rates were used to identify literacy gaps. Results: The overall vision protection literacy of preschool teachers exhibited characteristics of “strong beliefs but weak knowledge and skills”. The item response rates for each dimension, from highest to lowest, were: beliefs (92.7%), policies (81.9%), behaviors (74.8%), knowledge (67.5%), and skills (58.3%). The core gaps were concentrated in the “knowledge” and “skills” dimensions, with significant deficiencies particularly in the understanding of the concept of “hyperopia reserve” (awareness rate: 27.6%), skills in guiding behaviors for myopia prevention and control (mastery rate: < 50%), and the ability to interpret vision screening results (complete mastery rate: 35.0%). Conclusion: Currently, there are significant structural deficiencies in the health literacy of kindergarten teachers regarding children’s vision protection. In the future, greater emphasis should be placed on practical skills training, particularly in enhancing their practical abilities in areas such as “hyperopia reserve” cognition and interpretation of vision screening results.展开更多
The unmanned warehouse dispatching system of the‘goods to people’model uses a structure mainly based on a handling robot,which saves considerable manpower and improves the efficiency of the warehouse picking operati...The unmanned warehouse dispatching system of the‘goods to people’model uses a structure mainly based on a handling robot,which saves considerable manpower and improves the efficiency of the warehouse picking operation.However,the optimal performance of the scheduling system algorithm has high requirements.This study uses a deep Q-network(DQN)algorithm in a deep reinforcement learning algorithm,which combines the Q-learning algorithm,an empirical playback mechanism,and the volume-based technology of productive neural networks to generate target Q-values to solve the problem of multi-robot path planning.The aim of the Q-learning algorithm in deep reinforcement learning is to address two shortcomings of the robot path-planning problem:slow convergence and excessive randomness.Preceding the start of the algorithmic process,prior knowledge and prior rules are used to improve the DQN algorithm.Simulation results show that the improved DQN algorithm converges faster than the classic deep reinforcement learning algorithm and can more quickly learn the solutions to path-planning problems.This improves the efficiency of multi-robot path planning.展开更多
Designing highly efficient and stable photocatalysts is of vital importance for solar-to-fuel conversion,as a potential strategy to address the concerns of global energy crisis and environmental deterioration.The deve...Designing highly efficient and stable photocatalysts is of vital importance for solar-to-fuel conversion,as a potential strategy to address the concerns of global energy crisis and environmental deterioration.The development of novel photocatalytic materials is desirable to overcome those shortcomings of traditional semiconductor photocatalysts.展开更多
The convertion of solar energy into hydrogen energy with high energy density by photocatalysis is a green and eco-friendly avenue to solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution issues 1,2.Unfortunately,most ph...The convertion of solar energy into hydrogen energy with high energy density by photocatalysis is a green and eco-friendly avenue to solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution issues 1,2.Unfortunately,most photocatalysts usually suffer from the rapid quenching of photogenerated carriers and depressed interfacial H_(2)-generation dynamics 3,4.To overcome the above shortcomings,cocatalysts are widely employed to promote the separation of photocarriers and to create active sites for surface catalytic reactions 5.For a superb cocatalyst,its active sites usually play a key role in the overall performance of photocatalytic H_(2) evolution because the active sites can not only provide a large number of adsorption centers to enrich H+,but also present an outstanding catalytic efficiency to convert H+into H_(2) by reducing its reaction overpotential 6.Thus,the active-site number and efficiency of cocatalysts should be maximized as much as possible to greatly boost the cocatalytic H2-evolution activity by photocatalysis.展开更多
Modeling height–diameter relationships is an important component in estimating and predicting forest development under different forest management scenarios. In this paper, ten widely used candidate height–diameter ...Modeling height–diameter relationships is an important component in estimating and predicting forest development under different forest management scenarios. In this paper, ten widely used candidate height–diameter models were fitted to tree height and diameter at breast height（DBH）data for Populus euphratica Oliv. within a 100 ha permanent plots at Arghan Village in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Data from 4781 trees were used and split randomly into two sets：75 % of the data were used to estimate model parameters（model calibration）, and the remaining data（25 %） were reserved for model validation. All model performances were evaluated and compared by means of multiple model performance criteria such as asymptotic t-statistics of model parameters, standardized residuals against predicted height,root mean square error（RMSE）, Akaike’s informationcriterion（AIC）, mean prediction error（ME） and mean absolute error（MAE）. The estimated parameter a for model（6） was not statistically significant at a level of a = 0.05. RMSE and AIC test result for all models showed that exponential models（1）,（2）,（3） and（4） performed significantly better than others. All ten models had very small MEs and MAEs. Nearly all models underestimated tree heights except for model（6）. Comparing the MEs and MAEs of models, model（1） produced smaller MEs（0.0059） and MAEs（1.3754） than other models. To assess the predictive performance of models, we also calculated MEs by dividing the model validation data set into 10-cm DBH classes. This suggested that all models were likely to create higher mean prediction errors for tree DBH classes[20 cm. However, no clear trend was found among models.Model（6） generated significantly smaller mean prediction errors across all tree DBH classes. Considering all the aforementioned criteria, model（1）： TH ？ 1：3 t a= e1 t b？eàc？DBHT and model（6）： TH ？ 1：3 t DBH2= ea t b？DBH t c ？ DBH2T are recommended as suitable models for describing the height–diameter relationship of P. euphratica. The limitations of other models showing poor performance in predicting tree height are discussed. We provide explanations for these shortcomings.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Organoids are primary tissue or stem cells derived cell aggregates that have the capacity for self-organization,self-renewal,and the capacity to mimic cellular and tissue level functions.Organoids can ove...INTRODUCTION Organoids are primary tissue or stem cells derived cell aggregates that have the capacity for self-organization,self-renewal,and the capacity to mimic cellular and tissue level functions.Organoids can overcome the shortcomings of traditional 2D cell culture models and closely mimic 3D primary tissue composition.展开更多
The higher peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) is a major shortcoming of coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(CO-OFDM) systems. Selective mapping(SLM) technology can effectively reduce the probabi...The higher peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) is a major shortcoming of coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(CO-OFDM) systems. Selective mapping(SLM) technology can effectively reduce the probability of high PAPR, but it has higher computational complexity, and requires additional bandwidth to transmit the side information, which will affect the transmission efficiency of the system. In response to these shortcomings, a novel improved SLM(NI-SLM) scheme with low complexity and without side information is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can exponentially reduce the computational complexity, and the bit error rate(BER) performance can greatly approach the original signal. What's more, it shows the better PAPR reduction performance.展开更多
The reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial bone defects remains clinically challenging.To date,autogenous grafts are considered the gold standard but present critical drawbacks.These shortcomings have driven recent res...The reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial bone defects remains clinically challenging.To date,autogenous grafts are considered the gold standard but present critical drawbacks.These shortcomings have driven recent research on craniomaxillofacial bone reconstruction to focus on synthetic grafts with distinct materials and fabrication techniques.Among the various fabrication methods,additive manufacturing(AM)has shown significant clinical potential.AM technologies build three-dimensional(3D)objects with personalized geometry customizable from a computer-aided design.These layer-by-layer 3D biomaterial structures can support bone formation by guiding cell migration/proliferation,osteogenesis,and angiogenesis.Additionally,these structures can be engineered to degrade concomitantly with the new bone tissue formation,making them ideal as synthetic grafts.This review delves into the key advances of bioceramic grafts/scaffolds obtained by 3D printing for personalized craniomaxillofacial bone reconstruction.In this regard,clinically relevant topics such as ceramic-based biomaterials,graft/scaffold characteristics(macro/micro-features),material extrusion-based 3D printing,and the step-by-step workflow to engineer personalized bioceramic grafts are discussed.Importantly,in vitro models are highlighted in conjunction with a thorough examination of the signaling pathways reported when investigating these bioceramics and their effect on cellular response/behavior.Lastly,we summarize the clinical potential and translation opportunities of personalized bioceramics for craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration.展开更多
Shortcomings of the Boltzmann physical kinetics and the Schr<span style="font-size:12px;white-space:nowrap;">ö</span>dinger wave mechanics are considered. From the position of nonlocal p...Shortcomings of the Boltzmann physical kinetics and the Schr<span style="font-size:12px;white-space:nowrap;">ö</span>dinger wave mechanics are considered. From the position of nonlocal physics, the Schr<span style="font-size:12px;white-space:nowrap;">ö</span>dinger equation is a local equation;this fact leads to the great shortcomings of the linear Schr<span style="font-size:12px;white-space:nowrap;">ö</span>dinger wave mechanics. Nonlocal nonlinear quantum mechanics is considered using the wave function terminology.展开更多
Affective filter hypothesis is one of Krashen's five hypotheses on Second Language Acquisition (SLA), and it states that a number of affective variables play a very important role in Second Language Acquisition. B...Affective filter hypothesis is one of Krashen's five hypotheses on Second Language Acquisition (SLA), and it states that a number of affective variables play a very important role in Second Language Acquisition. Based on the introduction of affective filter hypothesis, this paper will analyze the significance and shortcomings of this hypothesis.展开更多
In recent years,as we all know that English is spreading and using widely in china.It has developed from monotonous language and knowledge to multiple and compositive language and knowledge.For example,the level four ...In recent years,as we all know that English is spreading and using widely in china.It has developed from monotonous language and knowledge to multiple and compositive language and knowledge.For example,the level four and the level eight test of English major and the level four and level six text of non-English major is also reforming.They usually major in reading before,but with the time going on,they need all the students to apply the ability of listening,reading,writing and speaking all in one.Spoken language is the most unsubstantial link all of these days.Of cause,it's reflected in English teaching,it makes spoken language an unsubstantial link in College English Teaching.展开更多
Background Dental implants have been widely used in the last few decades.However,patients with insufficient bone height need reconstructive surgeries before implant insertion.Distraction implant(Dl)has been invented t...Background Dental implants have been widely used in the last few decades.However,patients with insufficient bone height need reconstructive surgeries before implant insertion.Distraction implant(Dl)has been invented to simplify the treatment procedure,but the shortcomings of Dl have limited its clinical use.We introduced biodegradable polyester to a novel Dl,called biodegradable interference distraction implant(BIDI).The purpose of this study was to assess the radiological,histological,and biomechanical properties of BIDI in animal models.Methods BIDIs were manufactured and inserted into the atrophied mandibles of 6 dogs.展开更多
This paper took papers concerning microgenetic method in the field of SLA that published during 2003-2017 at prestigious journals for foreign language as the research target to find out its path of developing,advantag...This paper took papers concerning microgenetic method in the field of SLA that published during 2003-2017 at prestigious journals for foreign language as the research target to find out its path of developing,advantages and shortcomings of this method and its developmental trends.The author hopes that this paper could help in gaining a better understanding of this method and encouraging scholars to solve research problems at the help of this method.展开更多
A classical coset Hamiltonian is introduced for the system of one electron in multi-sites.By this Hamiltonian,the dynamical behaviour of the electronic motion can be readily simulated.The simulation reproduces the ret...A classical coset Hamiltonian is introduced for the system of one electron in multi-sites.By this Hamiltonian,the dynamical behaviour of the electronic motion can be readily simulated.The simulation reproduces the retardation of the electron density decay in a lattice with site energies randomly distributed-an analogy with Anderson localization.This algorithm is also applied to reproduce the Hammett equation which relates the reaction rate with the property of the substitutions in the organic chemical reactions.The advantages and shortcomings of this algorithm,as contrasted with traditional quantum methods such as the molecular orbital theory,are also discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82260925)Yunnan Provincial High-level Scientific and Technological Talents and Innovative Teams Selection Special Project(Grant No.202305AS350007)+2 种基金Yunnan Provincial Major Scientific and Technological Special Project Program for Biomedicine(Grant No.202402AA310028)Yunnan Province’s High-level Talent Cultivation Project for Successors in Traditional Chinese Medicine Disciplines(Yun Cai She[2024]No.103)Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicine Open Research Topics(2024SS24010).
文摘Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)is a treasure of China’s traditional medical heritage,embodying the wisdom and cultural depth of the Chinese nation.Higher TCM education shoulders the important responsibility of preserving and advancing TCM,and in today’s context,it offers significant advantages while also facing numerous challenges.Among its strengths are a profound cultural foundation in TCM,utilizing classic texts and unique theories to cultivate students’TCM thinking and competence;diversified teaching methods that integrate knowledge from multiple disciplines,innovate instructional models,and combine traditional with modern educational approaches;a complete teaching system characterized by professional faculty and advanced facilities;and interdisciplinary integration fostering innovation.However,problems persist,including some students lacking confidence in TCM culture due to the influence of Western medicine concepts and the westernization of the educational model;weak practical teaching where theory dominates,practice time is limited,and there are insufficient bases and instructors;and a shortage of faculty resulting in an imbalanced student-to-teacher ratio and an unreasonable structure.To address these issues,it is recommended to enhance cultural confidence,strengthen faculty development,and optimize practical teaching,thereby promoting the sustainable development of higher TCM education and achieving the shared prosperity of TCM education and the TCM profession.
基金We acknowledge the funding support from the Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE)Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)(Reference No.:FRGS/2018/SS08/UTAR/02/1).
文摘Malaysia has a long way before achieving the 20%renewable-energy penetration by 2025.Currently,merely 2%of the country’s electricity is generated by renewable energy sources including solar power.Unlike the abundant literature about solar energy,qualitative studies that focus on experts’opinions on the weaknesses of residential solar-energy policies have received less attention,particularly in the context of Malaysia.Understanding the flaws in the existing policies would lead to creating a better policy framework for solar-energy development.Thus,this study aims to identify the shortcomings of the current government initiatives and policies that deter solar photovoltaic adoption among households from experts’perspectives.Experts also provide recommendations for better future policy design and implementation.This study employs a qualitative research approach(via semi-structured interviews)in collecting experts’viewpoints.Key concerns emerging from the interviews include insufficient financial support,lack of awareness programmes and subsidized electricity tariffs.Also,interviewed experts suggest sufficient financial incentives,increased public awareness programmes and comprehensive legislation aimed at safeguarding consumer interests as a means to raising solar-energy adoption in the country.This underlines the need for policymakers to create public awareness,provide financial support and develop regulatory measures aimed at managing solar companies for the sake of solar development in Malaysia.
文摘Speaking at the fourth meeting of the Central Commission for Financial and Economic Affairs,General Secretary Xi Jinping said that China has already essentially achieved the objectives for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,but stressed that although our efforts have yielded better results than anticipated,there still remain a number of weak links that need to be fixed.We must therefore go on the offensive,focusing our strength and working with greater intensity to ensure that these shortcomings are addressed quickly.
文摘China plans to overhaul its education system to ensure fair distribution and improved qualityF or many Chinese people, the beginning of 2011 holds the promise of a fresh round of education reforms,
文摘As digital technology grows,it will improve accessibility to justice and legal protection for the differently abled and promote social justice.THE rapid development of digital technology is not only changing traditional working modes but also profoundly impacting the application of laws,evidence collection,trial process,and execution.Digital technologies can remedy many shortcomings in traditional judicial procedures,better protecting the legitimate rights and interests of people,especially people with disabilities.
基金Nursing Discipline Research Project of the Chinese Medical Association Journal House for 2022-2023(Project No.:CMAPH-NRG 2022007)。
文摘Objective: To investigate the current status of health literacy regarding children’s vision protection among preschool teachers and to provide a basis for targeted training. Methods: A convenience sampling method was employed to conduct a questionnaire survey among 1,442 preschool teachers in Xiangyang City from April to June 2024. The questionnaire covered five dimensions: knowledge, beliefs, behaviors, skills, and policies. Item response rates were used to identify literacy gaps. Results: The overall vision protection literacy of preschool teachers exhibited characteristics of “strong beliefs but weak knowledge and skills”. The item response rates for each dimension, from highest to lowest, were: beliefs (92.7%), policies (81.9%), behaviors (74.8%), knowledge (67.5%), and skills (58.3%). The core gaps were concentrated in the “knowledge” and “skills” dimensions, with significant deficiencies particularly in the understanding of the concept of “hyperopia reserve” (awareness rate: 27.6%), skills in guiding behaviors for myopia prevention and control (mastery rate: < 50%), and the ability to interpret vision screening results (complete mastery rate: 35.0%). Conclusion: Currently, there are significant structural deficiencies in the health literacy of kindergarten teachers regarding children’s vision protection. In the future, greater emphasis should be placed on practical skills training, particularly in enhancing their practical abilities in areas such as “hyperopia reserve” cognition and interpretation of vision screening results.
基金This research has been supported by Yueqi Youth Scholar Funding of China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)the Major Programme of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71831001).
文摘The unmanned warehouse dispatching system of the‘goods to people’model uses a structure mainly based on a handling robot,which saves considerable manpower and improves the efficiency of the warehouse picking operation.However,the optimal performance of the scheduling system algorithm has high requirements.This study uses a deep Q-network(DQN)algorithm in a deep reinforcement learning algorithm,which combines the Q-learning algorithm,an empirical playback mechanism,and the volume-based technology of productive neural networks to generate target Q-values to solve the problem of multi-robot path planning.The aim of the Q-learning algorithm in deep reinforcement learning is to address two shortcomings of the robot path-planning problem:slow convergence and excessive randomness.Preceding the start of the algorithmic process,prior knowledge and prior rules are used to improve the DQN algorithm.Simulation results show that the improved DQN algorithm converges faster than the classic deep reinforcement learning algorithm and can more quickly learn the solutions to path-planning problems.This improves the efficiency of multi-robot path planning.
文摘Designing highly efficient and stable photocatalysts is of vital importance for solar-to-fuel conversion,as a potential strategy to address the concerns of global energy crisis and environmental deterioration.The development of novel photocatalytic materials is desirable to overcome those shortcomings of traditional semiconductor photocatalysts.
基金funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah,under grant No.RG-72-130-42.
文摘The convertion of solar energy into hydrogen energy with high energy density by photocatalysis is a green and eco-friendly avenue to solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution issues 1,2.Unfortunately,most photocatalysts usually suffer from the rapid quenching of photogenerated carriers and depressed interfacial H_(2)-generation dynamics 3,4.To overcome the above shortcomings,cocatalysts are widely employed to promote the separation of photocarriers and to create active sites for surface catalytic reactions 5.For a superb cocatalyst,its active sites usually play a key role in the overall performance of photocatalytic H_(2) evolution because the active sites can not only provide a large number of adsorption centers to enrich H+,but also present an outstanding catalytic efficiency to convert H+into H_(2) by reducing its reaction overpotential 6.Thus,the active-site number and efficiency of cocatalysts should be maximized as much as possible to greatly boost the cocatalytic H2-evolution activity by photocatalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:31360200,31270742)German Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)within the framework of the SuMaRiO project(01LL0918D)the Volkswagen Stiftung(Eco CAR project,Az.88497)
文摘Modeling height–diameter relationships is an important component in estimating and predicting forest development under different forest management scenarios. In this paper, ten widely used candidate height–diameter models were fitted to tree height and diameter at breast height（DBH）data for Populus euphratica Oliv. within a 100 ha permanent plots at Arghan Village in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Data from 4781 trees were used and split randomly into two sets：75 % of the data were used to estimate model parameters（model calibration）, and the remaining data（25 %） were reserved for model validation. All model performances were evaluated and compared by means of multiple model performance criteria such as asymptotic t-statistics of model parameters, standardized residuals against predicted height,root mean square error（RMSE）, Akaike’s informationcriterion（AIC）, mean prediction error（ME） and mean absolute error（MAE）. The estimated parameter a for model（6） was not statistically significant at a level of a = 0.05. RMSE and AIC test result for all models showed that exponential models（1）,（2）,（3） and（4） performed significantly better than others. All ten models had very small MEs and MAEs. Nearly all models underestimated tree heights except for model（6）. Comparing the MEs and MAEs of models, model（1） produced smaller MEs（0.0059） and MAEs（1.3754） than other models. To assess the predictive performance of models, we also calculated MEs by dividing the model validation data set into 10-cm DBH classes. This suggested that all models were likely to create higher mean prediction errors for tree DBH classes[20 cm. However, no clear trend was found among models.Model（6） generated significantly smaller mean prediction errors across all tree DBH classes. Considering all the aforementioned criteria, model（1）： TH ？ 1：3 t a= e1 t b？eàc？DBHT and model（6）： TH ？ 1：3 t DBH2= ea t b？DBH t c ？ DBH2T are recommended as suitable models for describing the height–diameter relationship of P. euphratica. The limitations of other models showing poor performance in predicting tree height are discussed. We provide explanations for these shortcomings.
文摘INTRODUCTION Organoids are primary tissue or stem cells derived cell aggregates that have the capacity for self-organization,self-renewal,and the capacity to mimic cellular and tissue level functions.Organoids can overcome the shortcomings of traditional 2D cell culture models and closely mimic 3D primary tissue composition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61472464,61671091 and 61471075)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission(No.cstc2015jcyj A0554)
文摘The higher peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) is a major shortcoming of coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(CO-OFDM) systems. Selective mapping(SLM) technology can effectively reduce the probability of high PAPR, but it has higher computational complexity, and requires additional bandwidth to transmit the side information, which will affect the transmission efficiency of the system. In response to these shortcomings, a novel improved SLM(NI-SLM) scheme with low complexity and without side information is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can exponentially reduce the computational complexity, and the bit error rate(BER) performance can greatly approach the original signal. What's more, it shows the better PAPR reduction performance.
基金supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health(NIH),National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research[R01DE031476 to MCB]the São Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP,projects 2022/03811-9 to ABGC+2 种基金2021/05259-9 to RLMSOand 2022/12217-3 to EST)The content is solely the authors’responsibility and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health。
文摘The reconstruction of craniomaxillofacial bone defects remains clinically challenging.To date,autogenous grafts are considered the gold standard but present critical drawbacks.These shortcomings have driven recent research on craniomaxillofacial bone reconstruction to focus on synthetic grafts with distinct materials and fabrication techniques.Among the various fabrication methods,additive manufacturing(AM)has shown significant clinical potential.AM technologies build three-dimensional(3D)objects with personalized geometry customizable from a computer-aided design.These layer-by-layer 3D biomaterial structures can support bone formation by guiding cell migration/proliferation,osteogenesis,and angiogenesis.Additionally,these structures can be engineered to degrade concomitantly with the new bone tissue formation,making them ideal as synthetic grafts.This review delves into the key advances of bioceramic grafts/scaffolds obtained by 3D printing for personalized craniomaxillofacial bone reconstruction.In this regard,clinically relevant topics such as ceramic-based biomaterials,graft/scaffold characteristics(macro/micro-features),material extrusion-based 3D printing,and the step-by-step workflow to engineer personalized bioceramic grafts are discussed.Importantly,in vitro models are highlighted in conjunction with a thorough examination of the signaling pathways reported when investigating these bioceramics and their effect on cellular response/behavior.Lastly,we summarize the clinical potential and translation opportunities of personalized bioceramics for craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration.
文摘Shortcomings of the Boltzmann physical kinetics and the Schr<span style="font-size:12px;white-space:nowrap;">ö</span>dinger wave mechanics are considered. From the position of nonlocal physics, the Schr<span style="font-size:12px;white-space:nowrap;">ö</span>dinger equation is a local equation;this fact leads to the great shortcomings of the linear Schr<span style="font-size:12px;white-space:nowrap;">ö</span>dinger wave mechanics. Nonlocal nonlinear quantum mechanics is considered using the wave function terminology.
文摘Affective filter hypothesis is one of Krashen's five hypotheses on Second Language Acquisition (SLA), and it states that a number of affective variables play a very important role in Second Language Acquisition. Based on the introduction of affective filter hypothesis, this paper will analyze the significance and shortcomings of this hypothesis.
文摘In recent years,as we all know that English is spreading and using widely in china.It has developed from monotonous language and knowledge to multiple and compositive language and knowledge.For example,the level four and the level eight test of English major and the level four and level six text of non-English major is also reforming.They usually major in reading before,but with the time going on,they need all the students to apply the ability of listening,reading,writing and speaking all in one.Spoken language is the most unsubstantial link all of these days.Of cause,it's reflected in English teaching,it makes spoken language an unsubstantial link in College English Teaching.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 30900284,No.31100668,and No.31070873)
文摘Background Dental implants have been widely used in the last few decades.However,patients with insufficient bone height need reconstructive surgeries before implant insertion.Distraction implant(Dl)has been invented to simplify the treatment procedure,but the shortcomings of Dl have limited its clinical use.We introduced biodegradable polyester to a novel Dl,called biodegradable interference distraction implant(BIDI).The purpose of this study was to assess the radiological,histological,and biomechanical properties of BIDI in animal models.Methods BIDIs were manufactured and inserted into the atrophied mandibles of 6 dogs.
文摘This paper took papers concerning microgenetic method in the field of SLA that published during 2003-2017 at prestigious journals for foreign language as the research target to find out its path of developing,advantages and shortcomings of this method and its developmental trends.The author hopes that this paper could help in gaining a better understanding of this method and encouraging scholars to solve research problems at the help of this method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.29973018.
文摘A classical coset Hamiltonian is introduced for the system of one electron in multi-sites.By this Hamiltonian,the dynamical behaviour of the electronic motion can be readily simulated.The simulation reproduces the retardation of the electron density decay in a lattice with site energies randomly distributed-an analogy with Anderson localization.This algorithm is also applied to reproduce the Hammett equation which relates the reaction rate with the property of the substitutions in the organic chemical reactions.The advantages and shortcomings of this algorithm,as contrasted with traditional quantum methods such as the molecular orbital theory,are also discussed.
