Objective We aimed to investigate the patterns of fasting blood glucose(FBG)trajectories and analyze the relationship between various occupational hazard factors and FBG trajectories in male steelworkers.Methods The s...Objective We aimed to investigate the patterns of fasting blood glucose(FBG)trajectories and analyze the relationship between various occupational hazard factors and FBG trajectories in male steelworkers.Methods The study cohort included 3,728 workers who met the selection criteria for the Tanggang Occupational Cohort(TGOC)between 2017 and 2022.A group-based trajectory model was used to identify the FBG trajectories.Environmental risk scores(ERS)were constructed using regression coefficients from the occupational hazard model as weights.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the effects of occupational hazard factors using the ERS on FBG trajectories.Results FBG trajectories were categorized into three groups.An association was observed between high temperature,noise exposure,and FBG trajectory(P<0.05).Using the first quartile group of ERS1 as a reference,the fourth quartile group of ERS1 had an increased risk of medium and high FBG by 1.90and 2.21 times,respectively(odds ratio[OR]=1.90,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.17–3.10;OR=2.21,95%CI:1.09–4.45).Conclusion An association was observed between occupational hazards based on ERS and FBG trajectories.The risk of FBG trajectory levels increase with an increase in ERS.展开更多
The circadian clock is crucial for the progression of cardiovascular diseases.Our previous studies showed that acrolein,an environmental pollutant,exacerbated atherosclerosis by reducing CLOCK/BMAL1 levels and disrupt...The circadian clock is crucial for the progression of cardiovascular diseases.Our previous studies showed that acrolein,an environmental pollutant,exacerbated atherosclerosis by reducing CLOCK/BMAL1 levels and disrupting circadian rhythm;in contrast,intermittent fasting(IF),a dietary regimen,ameliorated acrolein-induced atherosclerosis.In the current study,mice were administered acrolein at a dose of 3 mg/(kg·day)via drinking water and subjected to IF for 18 h(from 0:00 to 18:00).We observed that IF reduced the formation of aortic lesions accelerated by acrolein in Apo E-/-mice.Upon exposure to acrolein,the expression of Rel A,Il1b,and Tnf increased in the liver and heart tissues,but these changes were reversed by IF treatment.Notably,IF treatment upregulated the expression of adenosine monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1(AMPKα1),p-AMPKα1,and sirtuin 1(SIRT1),while inhibiting acrolein-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activation.Additionally,the expression of circadian genes Clock/Bmal1 was suppressed and disrupted by acrolein,whereas IF restored their expression.Moreover,consistent with the in vivo findings,shortterm starvation in vitro,as a fasting cell model,alleviated the dysregulation of CLOCK/BMAL1 and upregulated SIRT1 expression by modulating the AMPK and reactive oxygen species(ROS)-MAPK pathways activated by acrolein.In summary,we demonstrated that IF suppressed the ROS-MAPK pathway but activated the AMPK pathway to enhance the expression of circadian clock genes,thereby ameliorating acrolein-induced atherogenesis,which may shed light on strategies for preventing cardiovascular diseases.展开更多
Objective To investigate the association between long-term glycemic control and cerebral infarction risk in patients with diabetes through a large-scale cohort study.Methods This prospective,community-based cohort stu...Objective To investigate the association between long-term glycemic control and cerebral infarction risk in patients with diabetes through a large-scale cohort study.Methods This prospective,community-based cohort study included 12,054 patients with diabetes.From 2006 to 2012,38,272 fasting blood glucose(FBG)measurements were obtained from these participants.FBG trajectory patterns were generated using latent mixture modelling.Cox proportional hazards models were applied to assess the subsequent risk of cerebral infarction associated with different FBG trajectory patterns.Results At baseline,the mean age of the participants was 55.2 years.Four distinct FBG trajectories were identified based on FBG concentrations and their changes over the 6-year follow-up period.After a median follow-up of 6.9 years,786 cerebral infarction events were recorded.Different trajectory patterns were associated with significantly varied outcome risks(Log-Rank P<0.001).Compared with the low-stability group,Hazard Ratio(HR)adjusted for potential confounders were 1.37 for the moderate-increasing group,1.23 for the elevated-decreasing group,and 2.08 for the elevated-stable group.Conclusion Sustained high FBG levels were found to play a critical role in the development of ischemic stroke among patients with diabetes.Controlling FBG levels may reduce the risk of cerebral infarction.展开更多
Cardiolipins(CLs),the mitochondria-specific class of phospholipids,are crucial to energy metabolism,cristae structure,and cell apoptosis.CLs present significant challenges in lipidomics analysis due to their structura...Cardiolipins(CLs),the mitochondria-specific class of phospholipids,are crucial to energy metabolism,cristae structure,and cell apoptosis.CLs present significant challenges in lipidomics analysis due to their structural diversity with up to four fatty acyl side chains.In this study,we developed CLAN(Cardio Lipin ANalysis),a comprehensive computational pipeline designed to improve the accuracy and coverage of cardiolipin identification.CLAN integrates three innovative modules:A cardiolipin identification module that utilizes specific fragmentation rules for precise characterization of CLs and their acyl side chains;a false positives detection module that employs retention time(RT)criteria to reduce false positives;and a prediction module that constructs regression models to identify CLs lacking authentic MS/MS spectra.CLAN achieved better identification accuracy and the highest recall rate for potential CL identification compared to the existing lipid identification tools.Furthermore,we applied CLAN program to an intermittent fasting mouse model,delineating tissue-specific CL alterations across 10 tissues.Every-other-day fasting(EODF)can partially counteract the disruption of the CL atlas across multiple tissues caused by high-fat-high-sugar diet feeding,providing novel insights into mitochondrial lipid metabolism under dietary interventions.Taken together,this work not only advances CL identification methodology but also underscores CLAN's potential in comprehensive analysis of CL atlas in the EODF animal model.CLAN is freely accessible on Git Hub.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intermittent fasting(IF),particularly time-restricted feeding(TRF),is increasingly popular has gained popularity for weight loss,yet management,but its effects impact on gut health remain unclear.Remains in...BACKGROUND Intermittent fasting(IF),particularly time-restricted feeding(TRF),is increasingly popular has gained popularity for weight loss,yet management,but its effects impact on gut health remain unclear.Remains inadequately understood.This study explores how investigated the effects of TRF effects on intestinal health and explored the underlying mechanisms.AIM To assess the effects of IF on intestinal health,elucidate the mechanisms involved.METHODS Mice were divided into two groups:Normal control(NC)and IF.The IF group underwent TRF,while the NC group had unrestricted access to food.Body weight,fecal characteristics,and intestinal morphology were analyzed.Colon tissue,serum,and fecal samples were collected for histological analysis,enzymelinked immunosorbent assay,flow cytometry,16S rRNA sequencing,and metabolomic profiling.RESULTS IF significantly affected body weight and intestinal morphology,compromised the intestinal barrier,increased pro-inflammatory cytokines,and heightened gut immune activation(P<0.05).It also disrupted the gut microbiota,promoting proinflammatory bacteria,reducing anti-inflammatory metabolites,and elevating pro-inflammatory metabolites(P<0.05).Indoleacrylic acid(IAA)supplementation notably alleviated intestinal inflammation and reversed immune dysfunction induced by IF(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Prolonged IF exacerbates intestinal inflammation by impairing gut barrier integrity and disrupting microbial homeostasis.However,IAA supplementation effectively mitigates fasting-induced intestinal inflammation and immune imbalance,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent.展开更多
Food is a critical environmental factor that influences animal survival,especially for small passerines due to their high mass-specific metabolic rates.Basal metabolic rate(BMR)reflects the energy expended by endother...Food is a critical environmental factor that influences animal survival,especially for small passerines due to their high mass-specific metabolic rates.Basal metabolic rate(BMR)reflects the energy expended by endothermic animals for basic physiological processes and constitutes a major part of their daily energy budget.Some birds have been shown to employ compensatory mechanisms during food shortages,temporarily reducing these selfmaintenance expenditures without using hypothermia.However,the mechanisms of BMR adjustment remain unexplored.In the present study,we assessed the phenotypic variation in basal thermogenesis of Eurasian Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus)by comparing a control group to groups fasted for 6,12,18,and 24 h.We focused on the correlation between a reduction in energy metabolism and the alterations of cellular metabolic activities,mitochondrial substrate supply,and changes in serum thyroid hormones during fasting.Our data indicated that fasting groups had significantly lower body mass,BMR,body temperature,and body fat content.Furthermore,fasting groups had significantly lower glycogen levels,mitochondrial state 4 respiration and cytochrome c oxidase(CCO)activity in the liver,and CCO activity in pectoral muscle.The levels of avian uncoupling protein(avUCP)m RNA were significantly reduced,while the levels of myostatin protein in pectoral muscle were significantly increased in the fasting groups.Furthermore,the groups subjected to fasting exhibited significantly lower levels of serum glucose,triglyceride,thyroxine(T_(4)),and triiodothyronine(T_(3)).Positive correlations were observed between the following pairs of variables:log BMR and log body mass,log body mass and log body fat,log BMR and log state 4 respiration in the liver,log BMR and log CCO activity in the liver and muscle,log BMR and log av-UCP m RNA expression,whereas a negative correlation was observed between log BMR and log myostatin level.In addition,a positive correlation was also detected between log T_(3) and each of the following:log BMR,state 4 respiration,and log CCO activity in the liver.Our results suggested that decreased metabolic thermogenesis via down-regulation in cellular aerobic capacity of organs and serum thyroid hormones may be an important survival strategy for fasting Tree Sparrows to reduce energy expenditure.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is increasing among adolescents,but paediatric risk predictors are relatively underdeveloped.This study aimed to establish the associations of visceral adiposity index(VAI)and cardiorespi...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is increasing among adolescents,but paediatric risk predictors are relatively underdeveloped.This study aimed to establish the associations of visceral adiposity index(VAI)and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)with fasting plasma glucose in 418 Nigerian adolescents aged 11 years to 19 years.Using a cross-sectional design,participants were stratified by VAI and CRF tertiles to examine variations in impaired fasting glucose(IFG)risk.The findings of this study revealed significant gender differences:In the case of boys,high VAI and low CRF is associated with IFG,while no association was present in girls.CRF,measured by the 20-meter shuttle run,was a stronger predictor of IFG than VAI,suggesting that physical fitness is a protective factor against glucose dysreg-ulation.These findings point to VAI and CRF as useful,non-invasive predictors of risk for T2DM in youth,supporting school-based fitness programs that promote CRF and attenuate visceral adiposity,particularly in males.Future work must validate these predictors across various ethnic populations and identify other risk factors that can augment plans for early interventions aimed at the prevention of adolescent T2DM.展开更多
BACKGROUND Data on the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)during Ramadan fasting is limited.No meta-analysis has summarized the safety and effec...BACKGROUND Data on the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)during Ramadan fasting is limited.No meta-analysis has summarized the safety and effectiveness of GLP-1RAs in these situations.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of GLP-1RA in patients with T2DM fasting during Ramadan.METHODS Electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant studies that featured GLP-1RA in the intervention arm and other glucose-lowering medications in the control arm.The primary outcome was adverse events(AEs)during Ramadan for both groups;other outcomes included changes in glycemic and anthropometric measures during the peri-Ramadan period.RESULTS Four studies[three randomized-controlled trials with low risk of bias(RoB)and one prospective observational study with serious RoB]involving 754 subjects were analyzed.GLP-1RA group achieved greater glycated hemoglobin reduction than the non-GLP-1RA group[mean difference(MD):-0.31%,95%CI:-0.61 to-0.01,P=0.04,I2=77%]with a lower risk of documented symptomatic hypoglycemia(risk ratio=0.38,95%CI:0.16 to 0.88,P=0.02).Any AEs,serious AEs,or AEs that led to treatment discontinuation were comparable between the two groups.The GLP-1RA group experienced greater weight loss compared to the non-GLP-1RA group(MD:-2.0 kg,95%CI:-3.37 to-0.63,P=0.004,I2=95%).There were comparable changes in blood pressure and lipid profile between the two groups.GLP-1RA users experienced higher risks of gastrointestinal AEs,nausea,and vomiting;however,the risks of heartburn,abdominal pain,and diarrhea were similar in both groups.CONCLUSION Limited evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs are safe for T2DM management during Ramadan,offering modest benefits in blood sugar control and weight loss.Large multicenter trials are needed to confirm their safety and efficacy in at-risk populations,improving clinical practice decision-making.展开更多
A recent article highlighted the hepatic benefits of intermittent fasting,particularly during Ramadan.However,the rising use of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)receptor ...A recent article highlighted the hepatic benefits of intermittent fasting,particularly during Ramadan.However,the rising use of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)receptor agonists(RAs)is altering public behavior,leading to decreased interest in diet and exercise.With a focus on hepatic health,we analyzed global search trends using Google Trends™data from January 1,2022 to December 31,2024,focusing on the keywords"fasting","intermittent fasting","diet","nutrition","liver",Semaglutide("Ozempic"™,the most widely known GLP-1 RA)and Tirzepatide("Mounjaro"™,a newer dual GLP-1 and GIP RA).Search interest for"intermittent fasting"and"diet"showed a significant decline over time(Spearman's rho:-0.582 and-0.605,respectively,both P<0.001),while interest in"fasting"and"nutrition"remained stable.Search interest for Semaglutide,Tirzepatide,"fasting and liver","diet and liver"and Semaglutide and"liver"increased(Spearman's rho:+0.914,+0.936,+0.369,+0.297 and+0.808,respectively,all P<0.001).These findings suggest a trend of shifting away from traditional dieting toward broader health concerns,likely influenced by the increasing use of GLP-1/GIP RAs.展开更多
The random distribution of one-dimensional nanofillers in composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs) typically results in tortuous ion transport pathways,severely limiting ionic conductivity and Li^(+) flux uniformity.Herei...The random distribution of one-dimensional nanofillers in composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs) typically results in tortuous ion transport pathways,severely limiting ionic conductivity and Li^(+) flux uniformity.Herein,an innovative electric field-assisted strategy is proposed to construct vertically aligned ion channels in CPEs using lithiated halloysite nano tubes(HNTs-SO_(3)Li)embedded within a polyurethane acrylate/polyethylene glycol diacrylate(PUA/PEGDA) matrix.Under an alternating electric field,the nanotubes orient perpendicularly,forming continuous,low-tortuosity pathways that significantly enhance roomtemperature ionic conductivity.The aligned structure not only shortens Li+transport distances but also homogenizes ion flux at the electrode interface,effectively suppressing lithium dendrite growth.Electrochemical characterization reveals exceptional stability.Three-dimensional structural reconstruction and ion transport simulations further demonstrate that the ordered channels promote uniform Li+distribution and faster ion kinetics compared to disordered systems.This study provides a scalable and efficient approach to designing high-performance CPEs for next-generation solid-state batteries,addressing critical challenges in ionic conductivity,interfacial stability,and dendrite suppression.展开更多
3-dB couplers are key building blocks for on-chip optical switches,optical phased arrays,and photonic computing applications,for the ease of realizing balanced beam splitting and combining.Adiabatic3-dB couplers ensur...3-dB couplers are key building blocks for on-chip optical switches,optical phased arrays,and photonic computing applications,for the ease of realizing balanced beam splitting and combining.Adiabatic3-dB couplers ensure exclusive excitation and propagation of the fundamental eigenmode along the waveguide,characterized by low insertion loss,broad bandwidth,low power imbalance,and resilience to fabrication variations.However,conventional adiabatic designs need to extend the propagation length to achieve broadband performance.In this paper,we overcome such a length-bandwidth trade-off by employing fast quasi-adiabatic(FAQUAD)dynamics in the TFLN 3-dB couplers,thereby accelerating the mode evolution process.Theoretical analysis predicts that the proposed 2×2 FAQUAD 3-dB coupler exhibits an unprecedented operation bandwidth of 350 nm(1285 to 1635 nm)with a FAQUAD taper length of only 88.9μm.Experimental characterization of the fabricated device demonstrates broadband 3-dB power splitting over 165 nm(exceeding the range of the used tunable laser:1470 to 1635 nm),achieving the power imbalance of<0.5 dB and insertion loss of 0.14 dB.Those results establish the foundation for next-generation photonic integrated circuits featuring high efficiency,compact footprint,and ultra-wide bandwidth.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(grant number:2016YF0900605)the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(grant number:192777129D)+1 种基金the Joint Fund for Iron and Steel of the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(grant number:H2016209058)the National Natural Science Foundation for Regional Joint Fund of China(grant number:U22A20364)。
文摘Objective We aimed to investigate the patterns of fasting blood glucose(FBG)trajectories and analyze the relationship between various occupational hazard factors and FBG trajectories in male steelworkers.Methods The study cohort included 3,728 workers who met the selection criteria for the Tanggang Occupational Cohort(TGOC)between 2017 and 2022.A group-based trajectory model was used to identify the FBG trajectories.Environmental risk scores(ERS)were constructed using regression coefficients from the occupational hazard model as weights.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the effects of occupational hazard factors using the ERS on FBG trajectories.Results FBG trajectories were categorized into three groups.An association was observed between high temperature,noise exposure,and FBG trajectory(P<0.05).Using the first quartile group of ERS1 as a reference,the fourth quartile group of ERS1 had an increased risk of medium and high FBG by 1.90and 2.21 times,respectively(odds ratio[OR]=1.90,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.17–3.10;OR=2.21,95%CI:1.09–4.45).Conclusion An association was observed between occupational hazards based on ERS and FBG trajectories.The risk of FBG trajectory levels increase with an increase in ERS.
基金supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the Key Project of Jiangsu Commission of Health(Grant No.ZD2022012)。
文摘The circadian clock is crucial for the progression of cardiovascular diseases.Our previous studies showed that acrolein,an environmental pollutant,exacerbated atherosclerosis by reducing CLOCK/BMAL1 levels and disrupting circadian rhythm;in contrast,intermittent fasting(IF),a dietary regimen,ameliorated acrolein-induced atherosclerosis.In the current study,mice were administered acrolein at a dose of 3 mg/(kg·day)via drinking water and subjected to IF for 18 h(from 0:00 to 18:00).We observed that IF reduced the formation of aortic lesions accelerated by acrolein in Apo E-/-mice.Upon exposure to acrolein,the expression of Rel A,Il1b,and Tnf increased in the liver and heart tissues,but these changes were reversed by IF treatment.Notably,IF treatment upregulated the expression of adenosine monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1(AMPKα1),p-AMPKα1,and sirtuin 1(SIRT1),while inhibiting acrolein-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activation.Additionally,the expression of circadian genes Clock/Bmal1 was suppressed and disrupted by acrolein,whereas IF restored their expression.Moreover,consistent with the in vivo findings,shortterm starvation in vitro,as a fasting cell model,alleviated the dysregulation of CLOCK/BMAL1 and upregulated SIRT1 expression by modulating the AMPK and reactive oxygen species(ROS)-MAPK pathways activated by acrolein.In summary,we demonstrated that IF suppressed the ROS-MAPK pathway but activated the AMPK pathway to enhance the expression of circadian clock genes,thereby ameliorating acrolein-induced atherogenesis,which may shed light on strategies for preventing cardiovascular diseases.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2500500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81973112,92049302,and U22A20364).
文摘Objective To investigate the association between long-term glycemic control and cerebral infarction risk in patients with diabetes through a large-scale cohort study.Methods This prospective,community-based cohort study included 12,054 patients with diabetes.From 2006 to 2012,38,272 fasting blood glucose(FBG)measurements were obtained from these participants.FBG trajectory patterns were generated using latent mixture modelling.Cox proportional hazards models were applied to assess the subsequent risk of cerebral infarction associated with different FBG trajectory patterns.Results At baseline,the mean age of the participants was 55.2 years.Four distinct FBG trajectories were identified based on FBG concentrations and their changes over the 6-year follow-up period.After a median follow-up of 6.9 years,786 cerebral infarction events were recorded.Different trajectory patterns were associated with significantly varied outcome risks(Log-Rank P<0.001).Compared with the low-stability group,Hazard Ratio(HR)adjusted for potential confounders were 1.37 for the moderate-increasing group,1.23 for the elevated-decreasing group,and 2.08 for the elevated-stable group.Conclusion Sustained high FBG levels were found to play a critical role in the development of ischemic stroke among patients with diabetes.Controlling FBG levels may reduce the risk of cerebral infarction.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0205800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21974114)+5 种基金Major Science and Technology Special Project of Fujian Province(No.2022YZ036012)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.20720220003)Project“111”sponsored by the State Bureau of Foreign Experts and Ministry of Education of China(No.BP0618017)to S.-H.LinNatural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2022J01330)Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen City of China(No.3502Z20227208)the China Scholarship Council(No.202308350047)to J.Zeng。
文摘Cardiolipins(CLs),the mitochondria-specific class of phospholipids,are crucial to energy metabolism,cristae structure,and cell apoptosis.CLs present significant challenges in lipidomics analysis due to their structural diversity with up to four fatty acyl side chains.In this study,we developed CLAN(Cardio Lipin ANalysis),a comprehensive computational pipeline designed to improve the accuracy and coverage of cardiolipin identification.CLAN integrates three innovative modules:A cardiolipin identification module that utilizes specific fragmentation rules for precise characterization of CLs and their acyl side chains;a false positives detection module that employs retention time(RT)criteria to reduce false positives;and a prediction module that constructs regression models to identify CLs lacking authentic MS/MS spectra.CLAN achieved better identification accuracy and the highest recall rate for potential CL identification compared to the existing lipid identification tools.Furthermore,we applied CLAN program to an intermittent fasting mouse model,delineating tissue-specific CL alterations across 10 tissues.Every-other-day fasting(EODF)can partially counteract the disruption of the CL atlas across multiple tissues caused by high-fat-high-sugar diet feeding,providing novel insights into mitochondrial lipid metabolism under dietary interventions.Taken together,this work not only advances CL identification methodology but also underscores CLAN's potential in comprehensive analysis of CL atlas in the EODF animal model.CLAN is freely accessible on Git Hub.
基金Supported by the Anhui University Research Project,No.2022AH051171Natural Science Foundation Project of Anhui Province,No.2408085QH271+6 种基金Anhui Medical University Scientific Research Level Improvement Plan,No.2022xkjT028Health Research Project of Anhui Province,No.AHWJ2023A30047the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.2208085MH240the Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Department of Education,No.2022AH051167the Anhui Quality Engineering Project,No.2023sx200,No.2023jyjxggyjY087 and No.2023zyxwjxalk046the Anhui Provincial Postgraduate Education Quality Project,No.2024cxcysj062and Anhui Medical University Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Project,No.YJS20240095.
文摘BACKGROUND Intermittent fasting(IF),particularly time-restricted feeding(TRF),is increasingly popular has gained popularity for weight loss,yet management,but its effects impact on gut health remain unclear.Remains inadequately understood.This study explores how investigated the effects of TRF effects on intestinal health and explored the underlying mechanisms.AIM To assess the effects of IF on intestinal health,elucidate the mechanisms involved.METHODS Mice were divided into two groups:Normal control(NC)and IF.The IF group underwent TRF,while the NC group had unrestricted access to food.Body weight,fecal characteristics,and intestinal morphology were analyzed.Colon tissue,serum,and fecal samples were collected for histological analysis,enzymelinked immunosorbent assay,flow cytometry,16S rRNA sequencing,and metabolomic profiling.RESULTS IF significantly affected body weight and intestinal morphology,compromised the intestinal barrier,increased pro-inflammatory cytokines,and heightened gut immune activation(P<0.05).It also disrupted the gut microbiota,promoting proinflammatory bacteria,reducing anti-inflammatory metabolites,and elevating pro-inflammatory metabolites(P<0.05).Indoleacrylic acid(IAA)supplementation notably alleviated intestinal inflammation and reversed immune dysfunction induced by IF(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Prolonged IF exacerbates intestinal inflammation by impairing gut barrier integrity and disrupting microbial homeostasis.However,IAA supplementation effectively mitigates fasting-induced intestinal inflammation and immune imbalance,suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.32371573,32171497,and 31971420)。
文摘Food is a critical environmental factor that influences animal survival,especially for small passerines due to their high mass-specific metabolic rates.Basal metabolic rate(BMR)reflects the energy expended by endothermic animals for basic physiological processes and constitutes a major part of their daily energy budget.Some birds have been shown to employ compensatory mechanisms during food shortages,temporarily reducing these selfmaintenance expenditures without using hypothermia.However,the mechanisms of BMR adjustment remain unexplored.In the present study,we assessed the phenotypic variation in basal thermogenesis of Eurasian Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus)by comparing a control group to groups fasted for 6,12,18,and 24 h.We focused on the correlation between a reduction in energy metabolism and the alterations of cellular metabolic activities,mitochondrial substrate supply,and changes in serum thyroid hormones during fasting.Our data indicated that fasting groups had significantly lower body mass,BMR,body temperature,and body fat content.Furthermore,fasting groups had significantly lower glycogen levels,mitochondrial state 4 respiration and cytochrome c oxidase(CCO)activity in the liver,and CCO activity in pectoral muscle.The levels of avian uncoupling protein(avUCP)m RNA were significantly reduced,while the levels of myostatin protein in pectoral muscle were significantly increased in the fasting groups.Furthermore,the groups subjected to fasting exhibited significantly lower levels of serum glucose,triglyceride,thyroxine(T_(4)),and triiodothyronine(T_(3)).Positive correlations were observed between the following pairs of variables:log BMR and log body mass,log body mass and log body fat,log BMR and log state 4 respiration in the liver,log BMR and log CCO activity in the liver and muscle,log BMR and log av-UCP m RNA expression,whereas a negative correlation was observed between log BMR and log myostatin level.In addition,a positive correlation was also detected between log T_(3) and each of the following:log BMR,state 4 respiration,and log CCO activity in the liver.Our results suggested that decreased metabolic thermogenesis via down-regulation in cellular aerobic capacity of organs and serum thyroid hormones may be an important survival strategy for fasting Tree Sparrows to reduce energy expenditure.
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is increasing among adolescents,but paediatric risk predictors are relatively underdeveloped.This study aimed to establish the associations of visceral adiposity index(VAI)and cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)with fasting plasma glucose in 418 Nigerian adolescents aged 11 years to 19 years.Using a cross-sectional design,participants were stratified by VAI and CRF tertiles to examine variations in impaired fasting glucose(IFG)risk.The findings of this study revealed significant gender differences:In the case of boys,high VAI and low CRF is associated with IFG,while no association was present in girls.CRF,measured by the 20-meter shuttle run,was a stronger predictor of IFG than VAI,suggesting that physical fitness is a protective factor against glucose dysreg-ulation.These findings point to VAI and CRF as useful,non-invasive predictors of risk for T2DM in youth,supporting school-based fitness programs that promote CRF and attenuate visceral adiposity,particularly in males.Future work must validate these predictors across various ethnic populations and identify other risk factors that can augment plans for early interventions aimed at the prevention of adolescent T2DM.
基金thankful to Dr.Marina George Kudiyirickal MSc,MJDF-RCS,PhD for providing us the audio core tip of this article.
文摘BACKGROUND Data on the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)during Ramadan fasting is limited.No meta-analysis has summarized the safety and effectiveness of GLP-1RAs in these situations.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of GLP-1RA in patients with T2DM fasting during Ramadan.METHODS Electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant studies that featured GLP-1RA in the intervention arm and other glucose-lowering medications in the control arm.The primary outcome was adverse events(AEs)during Ramadan for both groups;other outcomes included changes in glycemic and anthropometric measures during the peri-Ramadan period.RESULTS Four studies[three randomized-controlled trials with low risk of bias(RoB)and one prospective observational study with serious RoB]involving 754 subjects were analyzed.GLP-1RA group achieved greater glycated hemoglobin reduction than the non-GLP-1RA group[mean difference(MD):-0.31%,95%CI:-0.61 to-0.01,P=0.04,I2=77%]with a lower risk of documented symptomatic hypoglycemia(risk ratio=0.38,95%CI:0.16 to 0.88,P=0.02).Any AEs,serious AEs,or AEs that led to treatment discontinuation were comparable between the two groups.The GLP-1RA group experienced greater weight loss compared to the non-GLP-1RA group(MD:-2.0 kg,95%CI:-3.37 to-0.63,P=0.004,I2=95%).There were comparable changes in blood pressure and lipid profile between the two groups.GLP-1RA users experienced higher risks of gastrointestinal AEs,nausea,and vomiting;however,the risks of heartburn,abdominal pain,and diarrhea were similar in both groups.CONCLUSION Limited evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs are safe for T2DM management during Ramadan,offering modest benefits in blood sugar control and weight loss.Large multicenter trials are needed to confirm their safety and efficacy in at-risk populations,improving clinical practice decision-making.
文摘A recent article highlighted the hepatic benefits of intermittent fasting,particularly during Ramadan.However,the rising use of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP)receptor agonists(RAs)is altering public behavior,leading to decreased interest in diet and exercise.With a focus on hepatic health,we analyzed global search trends using Google Trends™data from January 1,2022 to December 31,2024,focusing on the keywords"fasting","intermittent fasting","diet","nutrition","liver",Semaglutide("Ozempic"™,the most widely known GLP-1 RA)and Tirzepatide("Mounjaro"™,a newer dual GLP-1 and GIP RA).Search interest for"intermittent fasting"and"diet"showed a significant decline over time(Spearman's rho:-0.582 and-0.605,respectively,both P<0.001),while interest in"fasting"and"nutrition"remained stable.Search interest for Semaglutide,Tirzepatide,"fasting and liver","diet and liver"and Semaglutide and"liver"increased(Spearman's rho:+0.914,+0.936,+0.369,+0.297 and+0.808,respectively,all P<0.001).These findings suggest a trend of shifting away from traditional dieting toward broader health concerns,likely influenced by the increasing use of GLP-1/GIP RAs.
基金the Program of National Key Research and Development of China (No.2022YFB3603702, No. 2023YFC3905301)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2025AFA025)the Research Fund of Jianghan University (No. 2023KJZX01)。
文摘The random distribution of one-dimensional nanofillers in composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs) typically results in tortuous ion transport pathways,severely limiting ionic conductivity and Li^(+) flux uniformity.Herein,an innovative electric field-assisted strategy is proposed to construct vertically aligned ion channels in CPEs using lithiated halloysite nano tubes(HNTs-SO_(3)Li)embedded within a polyurethane acrylate/polyethylene glycol diacrylate(PUA/PEGDA) matrix.Under an alternating electric field,the nanotubes orient perpendicularly,forming continuous,low-tortuosity pathways that significantly enhance roomtemperature ionic conductivity.The aligned structure not only shortens Li+transport distances but also homogenizes ion flux at the electrode interface,effectively suppressing lithium dendrite growth.Electrochemical characterization reveals exceptional stability.Three-dimensional structural reconstruction and ion transport simulations further demonstrate that the ordered channels promote uniform Li+distribution and faster ion kinetics compared to disordered systems.This study provides a scalable and efficient approach to designing high-performance CPEs for next-generation solid-state batteries,addressing critical challenges in ionic conductivity,interfacial stability,and dendrite suppression.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFB2807903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62025502 and 62475050)the Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams of“The Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program”(Grant No.2021ZT09X044)。
文摘3-dB couplers are key building blocks for on-chip optical switches,optical phased arrays,and photonic computing applications,for the ease of realizing balanced beam splitting and combining.Adiabatic3-dB couplers ensure exclusive excitation and propagation of the fundamental eigenmode along the waveguide,characterized by low insertion loss,broad bandwidth,low power imbalance,and resilience to fabrication variations.However,conventional adiabatic designs need to extend the propagation length to achieve broadband performance.In this paper,we overcome such a length-bandwidth trade-off by employing fast quasi-adiabatic(FAQUAD)dynamics in the TFLN 3-dB couplers,thereby accelerating the mode evolution process.Theoretical analysis predicts that the proposed 2×2 FAQUAD 3-dB coupler exhibits an unprecedented operation bandwidth of 350 nm(1285 to 1635 nm)with a FAQUAD taper length of only 88.9μm.Experimental characterization of the fabricated device demonstrates broadband 3-dB power splitting over 165 nm(exceeding the range of the used tunable laser:1470 to 1635 nm),achieving the power imbalance of<0.5 dB and insertion loss of 0.14 dB.Those results establish the foundation for next-generation photonic integrated circuits featuring high efficiency,compact footprint,and ultra-wide bandwidth.
