AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of a short-type single-balloon-enteroscope(SBE) for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) in patients with a reconstructed intestine.METHODS:Short-type SBE was develope...AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of a short-type single-balloon-enteroscope(SBE) for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) in patients with a reconstructed intestine.METHODS:Short-type SBE was developed to perform ERCP in postoperative patients with a reconstructed intestine.Short-type SBE is a direct-viewing endoscope with the following specifications:working length,1520 mm;total length,1840 mm;channel diameter,3.2 mm.In addition,short-type SBE has a water-jet channel.The study group comprised 22 patients who underwent 31 sessions of short-type SBE-assisted ERCP from June 2011 through May 2012.Reconstruction was performed by Billroth-Ⅱ(B-Ⅱ) gastrectomy in 6 patients(8 sessions),Roux-en-Y(R-Y) gastrectomy in 14 patients(21 sessions),and R-Y hepaticojejunostomy in 2 patients(2 sessions).We retrospectively studied the rate of reaching the blind end(papilla of Vater or choledochojejunal anastomosis),mean time required to reach the blind end,diagnostic success rate(defined as the rate of successfully imaging the bile and pancreatic ducts),therapeutic success rate(defined as the rate of successfully completing endoscopic treatment),mean procedure time,and complications.RESULTS:Among the 31 sessions of ERCP,the rate of reaching the blind end was 88% in B-Ⅱ gastrectomy,91% in R-Y gastrectomy,and 100% in R-Y hepaticojejunostomy.The mean time required to reach the papilla was 18.3 min in B-Ⅱ gastrectomy,21.1 min in R-Y gastrectomy,and 32.5 min in R-Y hepaticojejunostomy.The diagnostic success rates in all patients and those with an intact papilla were respectively 86% and 86% in B-Ⅱ gastrectomy,90% and 87% in R-Y gastrectomy,and 100% in R-Y hepaticojejunostomy.The therapeutic success rates in all patients and those with an intact papilla were respectively 100% and 100% in B-Ⅱ gastrectomy,94% and 92% in R-Y gastrectomy,and 100% in R-Y hepaticojejunostomy.Because the channel diameter was 3.2 mm,stone extraction could be performed with a wire-guided basket in 12 sessions,and wireguided intraductal ultrasonography could be performed in 8 sessions.As for complications,hyperamylasemia(defined as a rise in serum amylase levels to more than 3 times the upper limit of normal) occurred in 1 patient(7 sessions) with a B-Ⅱ gastrectomy and 4 patients(19 sessions) with an R-Y gastrectomy.After ERCP in patients with an R-Y gastrectomy,2 patients(19 sessions) had pancreatitis,1 patient(21 sessions) had gastrointestinal perforation,and 1 patient(19 sessions) had papillary bleeding.Pancreatitis and bleeding were both mild.Gastrointestinal perforation improved after conservative treatment.CONCLUSION:Short-type SBE is effective for ERCP in patients with a reconstructed intestine and allows most conventional ERCP devices to be used.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the effect of gastrectomy on diabetes control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and early gastric cancer.METHODS:Data from 64 patients with early gastric cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus wer...AIM:To evaluate the effect of gastrectomy on diabetes control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and early gastric cancer.METHODS:Data from 64 patients with early gastric cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus were prospectively collected.All patients underwent curative gastrectomy(36 subtotal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy,16subtotal gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy,12 total gastrectomy)and their physical and laboratory data were evaluated before and 3,6 and 12 mo after surgery.RESULTS:Fasting blood glucose(FBS),HbA1c,insulin,C-peptide,and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance were significantly improved 3mo after surgery,regardless of operation type,and the significant improvement in all measured values,except HbA1c,was sustained up to 12 mo postoperatively.Approximately 3.1%of patients stopped diabetes medication and had HbA1c<6.0%and FBS<126 mg/dL.54.7%of patients decreased their medication,and had reduced FBS or HbA1c.In multivariate analysis,good diabetic control was not associated with operation type,but was associated with diabetes duration.CONCLUSION:Diabetes improved in more than 50%of patients during the first year after gastric cancer surgery.The degree of diabetes control was related to diabetes duration.展开更多
【目的】干式空心电抗器(dry-type air-core reactor,DAR)在运行中易发生匝间短路故障,该类故障具有隐蔽性强、难以实时察觉的特点,对电网的安全稳定运行构成严重威胁。工程中广泛采用的基于磁感应强度幅值的检测方法存在局限性,其对内...【目的】干式空心电抗器(dry-type air-core reactor,DAR)在运行中易发生匝间短路故障,该类故障具有隐蔽性强、难以实时察觉的特点,对电网的安全稳定运行构成严重威胁。工程中广泛采用的基于磁感应强度幅值的检测方法存在局限性,其对内层绕组匝间短路的响应不灵敏,且在多台DAR并列运行时,邻近设备产生的磁场干扰会显著影响检测准确性。为提升故障识别能力并实现早期预警,本文提出一种基于磁场方向角(magnetic field direction angle,MFDA)的DAR匝间短路检测方法。【方法】基于有限元仿真技术,模拟了单相DAR在正常运行及不同位置发生匝间短路时的周围磁场分布;通过在DAR周围设置多个监测点,采集磁感应强度数据,分析了故障发生前后磁感应强度的变化规律;依据磁场叠加原理,计算并分析了三相DAR中故障相附近各监测点MFDA的时序变化规律;对比单台与多台DAR并列运行的MFDA数据,量化评估了邻近正常运行DAR对故障检测的干扰程度,并优化了监测点的布局。【结果】仿真结果表明,单相DAR发生匝间短路后,其周围的磁感应强度幅值和方向均发生了显著变化;与基于幅值的检测方法相比,MFDA对匝间短路表现出更高的响应灵敏度,能够准确捕捉故障所引起的电磁特性变化;通过分析故障发生前后各监测点MFDA的时序变化并设定故障判定阈值,可实现单相DAR匝间短路的诊断;对于三相DAR并列运行场景,在故障相附近、正常相对称中垂线上设置监测点,可有效减少邻近DAR的磁场干扰,结合MFDA时序特征与故障判定阈值,仍能实现短路故障诊断。【结论】提出的基于MFDA的检测方法能够有效弥补磁感应强度幅值检测法在灵敏度和抗干扰能力方面的不足,为DAR运行状态的实时监测与故障预警提供了一种可靠的技术手段。该方法基于仿真研究,展现出良好的工程应用潜力,对提升电网设备运维水平、保障电力系统安全稳定运行具有实际应用价值。展开更多
Starch is the major component of wheat flour and serves as a multifunctional ingredient in food industry. The objective of the present study was to investigate starch granule size distribution of Chinese wheat cultiva...Starch is the major component of wheat flour and serves as a multifunctional ingredient in food industry. The objective of the present study was to investigate starch granule size distribution of Chinese wheat cultivars, and to compare structure and functionality of starches in four leading cultivars Zhongmai 175, CA12092, Lunxuan 987, and Zhongyou 206. A wide variation in volume percentages of A- and B-type starch granules among genotypes was observed. Volume percentages of A- and B-type granules had ranges of 68.4–88.9% and 9.7–27.9% in the first cropping seasons, 74.1–90.1% and 7.2–25.3% in the second. Wheat cultivars with higher volume percentages of A- and B-type granules could serve as parents in breeding program for selecting high and low amylose wheat cultivars, respectively. In comparison with the B-type starch granules, the A-type granules starch showed difference in three aspects：（1） higher amount of ordered short-range structure and a lower relative crystallinity,（2） higher gelatinization onset（To） temperatures and enthalpies（ΔH）, and lower gelatinization conclusion temperatures（Tc）,（3） greater peak, though, and final viscosity, and lower breakdown viscosity and pasting temperature. It provides important information for breeders to develop potentially useful cultivars with particular functional properties of their starches suited to specific applications.展开更多
Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata Type I is one of the rare peroxisome disorders. We report the case of a newborn white male that developed seizures and skeletal dysmorphism. The baby had short humerus bones with s...Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata Type I is one of the rare peroxisome disorders. We report the case of a newborn white male that developed seizures and skeletal dysmorphism. The baby had short humerus bones with stippled epiphy-ses, consistent with the disease. He had also delay in myelinization on brain MRI with bilateral subependymal cysts over the atria and frontal horns of the lateral ventricles. Usually, infants with this disorder do not live long. This unfor-tunate little patient died at 5 weeks age from pneumonia. We emphasize the importance of antenatal screening for these disorders especially when a family history of dysmorphism is positive.展开更多
The application of very large floating structure (VLFS) to the utilization of ocean space and exploitation of ocean resources has become one of the issues of great interest in international ocean engineering field. Ow...The application of very large floating structure (VLFS) to the utilization of ocean space and exploitation of ocean resources has become one of the issues of great interest in international ocean engineering field. Owing to the advantage of simplicity in structure and low cost of construction and maintenance, box-type VLFS can be used in the calm water area near the coast as the structure configuration of floating airport. In this paper, a 3D linear hydroelastic theory is used to study the dynamic response of box-type VLFS in sinusoidal regular waves. A beam model and a 3D FEM model are respectively employed to describe the dynamic characteristics of the box-type Structure in vacuum. A hydrodynamic model (3D potential theory of flexible body) is applied to investigate the effect of different dry models on the hydroelastic response of box-type structure. Based on the calculation of hydroelastic response in regular waves, the rigid body motion displacement, flexible deflection, and the short term and long term wave induced bending moments are also predicted.展开更多
梯级水电短期调度时需保障各电站下游河段的生态要求,而生态调度的深入研究要求生态约束越来越多样化,使得流域梯级短期优化调度问题愈加复杂。该文首先将生态约束按流量约束和控制方式分为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类,满足梯级库群复杂的生态调...梯级水电短期调度时需保障各电站下游河段的生态要求,而生态调度的深入研究要求生态约束越来越多样化,使得流域梯级短期优化调度问题愈加复杂。该文首先将生态约束按流量约束和控制方式分为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类,满足梯级库群复杂的生态调度要求;接着以剩余负荷峰谷差最小为目标,构建了耦合复杂生态约束的梯级水电短期日前调峰模型;最后利用分段线性化技术处理一元水力非线性约束,将四边形网格栅格化技术与第二类特殊顺序集(special ordered sets of type 2,SOS2)约束建模方法结合处理二元电力非线性约束,采用大M法对较为复杂的Ⅲ类生态约束进行线性化,将原模型转化为标准混合整数线性规划(mixed-integer linear programming,MILP)模型后进行求解。以乌江干流(贵州段)6座梯级水库为工程背景,在汛枯期不同来水场景下验证了模型的有效性且计算结果较逐次逼近动态规划(dynamic programming successive approximation,DPSA)算法优越性显著,通过与3个参照模型的结果对比分析得出生态约束的设置与类型会明显影响调峰效果,强调水利工程生态流量合理设计的必要性。展开更多
基金Supported by A Prototype Single Balloon Enteroscope from Olympus Medical Systems,Tokyo,Japan
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of a short-type single-balloon-enteroscope(SBE) for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) in patients with a reconstructed intestine.METHODS:Short-type SBE was developed to perform ERCP in postoperative patients with a reconstructed intestine.Short-type SBE is a direct-viewing endoscope with the following specifications:working length,1520 mm;total length,1840 mm;channel diameter,3.2 mm.In addition,short-type SBE has a water-jet channel.The study group comprised 22 patients who underwent 31 sessions of short-type SBE-assisted ERCP from June 2011 through May 2012.Reconstruction was performed by Billroth-Ⅱ(B-Ⅱ) gastrectomy in 6 patients(8 sessions),Roux-en-Y(R-Y) gastrectomy in 14 patients(21 sessions),and R-Y hepaticojejunostomy in 2 patients(2 sessions).We retrospectively studied the rate of reaching the blind end(papilla of Vater or choledochojejunal anastomosis),mean time required to reach the blind end,diagnostic success rate(defined as the rate of successfully imaging the bile and pancreatic ducts),therapeutic success rate(defined as the rate of successfully completing endoscopic treatment),mean procedure time,and complications.RESULTS:Among the 31 sessions of ERCP,the rate of reaching the blind end was 88% in B-Ⅱ gastrectomy,91% in R-Y gastrectomy,and 100% in R-Y hepaticojejunostomy.The mean time required to reach the papilla was 18.3 min in B-Ⅱ gastrectomy,21.1 min in R-Y gastrectomy,and 32.5 min in R-Y hepaticojejunostomy.The diagnostic success rates in all patients and those with an intact papilla were respectively 86% and 86% in B-Ⅱ gastrectomy,90% and 87% in R-Y gastrectomy,and 100% in R-Y hepaticojejunostomy.The therapeutic success rates in all patients and those with an intact papilla were respectively 100% and 100% in B-Ⅱ gastrectomy,94% and 92% in R-Y gastrectomy,and 100% in R-Y hepaticojejunostomy.Because the channel diameter was 3.2 mm,stone extraction could be performed with a wire-guided basket in 12 sessions,and wireguided intraductal ultrasonography could be performed in 8 sessions.As for complications,hyperamylasemia(defined as a rise in serum amylase levels to more than 3 times the upper limit of normal) occurred in 1 patient(7 sessions) with a B-Ⅱ gastrectomy and 4 patients(19 sessions) with an R-Y gastrectomy.After ERCP in patients with an R-Y gastrectomy,2 patients(19 sessions) had pancreatitis,1 patient(21 sessions) had gastrointestinal perforation,and 1 patient(19 sessions) had papillary bleeding.Pancreatitis and bleeding were both mild.Gastrointestinal perforation improved after conservative treatment.CONCLUSION:Short-type SBE is effective for ERCP in patients with a reconstructed intestine and allows most conventional ERCP devices to be used.
基金Supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology,2011-0011301a faculty research grant of Yonsei University College of Medicine for 2011,6-2011-0084
文摘AIM:To evaluate the effect of gastrectomy on diabetes control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and early gastric cancer.METHODS:Data from 64 patients with early gastric cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus were prospectively collected.All patients underwent curative gastrectomy(36 subtotal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy,16subtotal gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy,12 total gastrectomy)and their physical and laboratory data were evaluated before and 3,6 and 12 mo after surgery.RESULTS:Fasting blood glucose(FBS),HbA1c,insulin,C-peptide,and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance were significantly improved 3mo after surgery,regardless of operation type,and the significant improvement in all measured values,except HbA1c,was sustained up to 12 mo postoperatively.Approximately 3.1%of patients stopped diabetes medication and had HbA1c<6.0%and FBS<126 mg/dL.54.7%of patients decreased their medication,and had reduced FBS or HbA1c.In multivariate analysis,good diabetic control was not associated with operation type,but was associated with diabetes duration.CONCLUSION:Diabetes improved in more than 50%of patients during the first year after gastric cancer surgery.The degree of diabetes control was related to diabetes duration.
文摘【目的】干式空心电抗器(dry-type air-core reactor,DAR)在运行中易发生匝间短路故障,该类故障具有隐蔽性强、难以实时察觉的特点,对电网的安全稳定运行构成严重威胁。工程中广泛采用的基于磁感应强度幅值的检测方法存在局限性,其对内层绕组匝间短路的响应不灵敏,且在多台DAR并列运行时,邻近设备产生的磁场干扰会显著影响检测准确性。为提升故障识别能力并实现早期预警,本文提出一种基于磁场方向角(magnetic field direction angle,MFDA)的DAR匝间短路检测方法。【方法】基于有限元仿真技术,模拟了单相DAR在正常运行及不同位置发生匝间短路时的周围磁场分布;通过在DAR周围设置多个监测点,采集磁感应强度数据,分析了故障发生前后磁感应强度的变化规律;依据磁场叠加原理,计算并分析了三相DAR中故障相附近各监测点MFDA的时序变化规律;对比单台与多台DAR并列运行的MFDA数据,量化评估了邻近正常运行DAR对故障检测的干扰程度,并优化了监测点的布局。【结果】仿真结果表明,单相DAR发生匝间短路后,其周围的磁感应强度幅值和方向均发生了显著变化;与基于幅值的检测方法相比,MFDA对匝间短路表现出更高的响应灵敏度,能够准确捕捉故障所引起的电磁特性变化;通过分析故障发生前后各监测点MFDA的时序变化并设定故障判定阈值,可实现单相DAR匝间短路的诊断;对于三相DAR并列运行场景,在故障相附近、正常相对称中垂线上设置监测点,可有效减少邻近DAR的磁场干扰,结合MFDA时序特征与故障判定阈值,仍能实现短路故障诊断。【结论】提出的基于MFDA的检测方法能够有效弥补磁感应强度幅值检测法在灵敏度和抗干扰能力方面的不足,为DAR运行状态的实时监测与故障预警提供了一种可靠的技术手段。该方法基于仿真研究,展现出良好的工程应用潜力,对提升电网设备运维水平、保障电力系统安全稳定运行具有实际应用价值。
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171547,31401651)
文摘Starch is the major component of wheat flour and serves as a multifunctional ingredient in food industry. The objective of the present study was to investigate starch granule size distribution of Chinese wheat cultivars, and to compare structure and functionality of starches in four leading cultivars Zhongmai 175, CA12092, Lunxuan 987, and Zhongyou 206. A wide variation in volume percentages of A- and B-type starch granules among genotypes was observed. Volume percentages of A- and B-type granules had ranges of 68.4–88.9% and 9.7–27.9% in the first cropping seasons, 74.1–90.1% and 7.2–25.3% in the second. Wheat cultivars with higher volume percentages of A- and B-type granules could serve as parents in breeding program for selecting high and low amylose wheat cultivars, respectively. In comparison with the B-type starch granules, the A-type granules starch showed difference in three aspects：（1） higher amount of ordered short-range structure and a lower relative crystallinity,（2） higher gelatinization onset（To） temperatures and enthalpies（ΔH）, and lower gelatinization conclusion temperatures（Tc）,（3） greater peak, though, and final viscosity, and lower breakdown viscosity and pasting temperature. It provides important information for breeders to develop potentially useful cultivars with particular functional properties of their starches suited to specific applications.
文摘Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata Type I is one of the rare peroxisome disorders. We report the case of a newborn white male that developed seizures and skeletal dysmorphism. The baby had short humerus bones with stippled epiphy-ses, consistent with the disease. He had also delay in myelinization on brain MRI with bilateral subependymal cysts over the atria and frontal horns of the lateral ventricles. Usually, infants with this disorder do not live long. This unfor-tunate little patient died at 5 weeks age from pneumonia. We emphasize the importance of antenatal screening for these disorders especially when a family history of dysmorphism is positive.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50039010)
文摘The application of very large floating structure (VLFS) to the utilization of ocean space and exploitation of ocean resources has become one of the issues of great interest in international ocean engineering field. Owing to the advantage of simplicity in structure and low cost of construction and maintenance, box-type VLFS can be used in the calm water area near the coast as the structure configuration of floating airport. In this paper, a 3D linear hydroelastic theory is used to study the dynamic response of box-type VLFS in sinusoidal regular waves. A beam model and a 3D FEM model are respectively employed to describe the dynamic characteristics of the box-type Structure in vacuum. A hydrodynamic model (3D potential theory of flexible body) is applied to investigate the effect of different dry models on the hydroelastic response of box-type structure. Based on the calculation of hydroelastic response in regular waves, the rigid body motion displacement, flexible deflection, and the short term and long term wave induced bending moments are also predicted.
文摘梯级水电短期调度时需保障各电站下游河段的生态要求,而生态调度的深入研究要求生态约束越来越多样化,使得流域梯级短期优化调度问题愈加复杂。该文首先将生态约束按流量约束和控制方式分为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类,满足梯级库群复杂的生态调度要求;接着以剩余负荷峰谷差最小为目标,构建了耦合复杂生态约束的梯级水电短期日前调峰模型;最后利用分段线性化技术处理一元水力非线性约束,将四边形网格栅格化技术与第二类特殊顺序集(special ordered sets of type 2,SOS2)约束建模方法结合处理二元电力非线性约束,采用大M法对较为复杂的Ⅲ类生态约束进行线性化,将原模型转化为标准混合整数线性规划(mixed-integer linear programming,MILP)模型后进行求解。以乌江干流(贵州段)6座梯级水库为工程背景,在汛枯期不同来水场景下验证了模型的有效性且计算结果较逐次逼近动态规划(dynamic programming successive approximation,DPSA)算法优越性显著,通过与3个参照模型的结果对比分析得出生态约束的设置与类型会明显影响调峰效果,强调水利工程生态流量合理设计的必要性。
