For songbirds,the post-fledging period is critical for development and survival,as young must learn to get food,practice flying,and identify predators to become independent from their parents and disperse or migrate.O...For songbirds,the post-fledging period is critical for development and survival,as young must learn to get food,practice flying,and identify predators to become independent from their parents and disperse or migrate.Obligate avian brood parasites,like cuckoos and cowbirds,lay eggs in nests of other bird species that provide parental care until the parasite’s young become independent.The information on the post-fledging period in songbirds is limited due to the difficulty in following and observing fledglings and it is even scarcer for brood parasites.We studied the behavior,survival,and age of independence of Shiny Cowbird(Molothrus bonariensis)fledglings raised by 2 hosts that differ markedly in body size:the House Wren(Troglodytes aedon)and the Chalk-Browed Mockingbird(Mimus saturninus).We radio-tracked individuals from a few days before they left the nest until they disappeared from the natal territory.We found:(1)chicks left the nest when they were 11-15 days of age and the age of fledgling did not differ between the 2 host species,(2)after leaving the nest,they spent most of the time perched in a hidden place without begging but as they grew,the proportion of time perched without begging decreased and begging in hidden and exposed places increased,(3)we observed approaches between adult parasitic females and young in host territories,(4)young abandoned the host territory and joined conspecific flocks when they were 35-39 days of age,and(5)the estimated post-fledging survival was between 12.5%and 20.8%.展开更多
The shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis parasitizes many species with different life-history traits and has a detrimental effect on the survival of the progeny of the hosts.In response,hosts have developed numerous an...The shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis parasitizes many species with different life-history traits and has a detrimental effect on the survival of the progeny of the hosts.In response,hosts have developed numerous antiparasitic defenses.Here,we examined the effects of brood parasitism by shiny cowbird on the clutch and brood sizes(83 nests)in a small host,the black-backed water tyrant Fluvicola albiventer.We also studied whether the death of parasite nestlings was related to the care of the foster parents and whether the host had any antiparasitic defense against the shiny cowbird.Our results indicate that brood parasitism significantly decreased the host hatching and fledging successes.The majority of nest failures(57%)were caused by brood parasitism.Shiny cowbird parasitism occurred in 52%of nests and the intensity of parasitism was 1.23±0.53 eggs per parasitized nest.Of the total host eggs,54%were damaged.During the incubation stage,20 nests(47%)were abandoned because of egg punctures by shiny cowbirds females.Only two parasitic fledglings were recorded,while the remaining nestlings either died from starvation(n=12)or predation(n=3).Foster parents abandoned parasitic nestlings between 5 and 10 days old.Our findings demonstrate that the shiny cowbird has very low rates of fledging success when parasitizing black-backed water tyrant.Also,parasitism had a high reproductive cost in the black-backed water tyrant because a very low proportion(7%)of the parasitized nests(n=43)were successful.展开更多
Sample size determination typically relies on a power analysis based on a frequentist conditional approach. This latter can be seen as a particular case of the two-priors approach, which allows to build four distinct ...Sample size determination typically relies on a power analysis based on a frequentist conditional approach. This latter can be seen as a particular case of the two-priors approach, which allows to build four distinct power functions to select the optimal sample size. We revise this approach when the focus is on testing a single binomial proportion. We consider exact methods and introduce a conservative criterion to account for the typical non-monotonic behavior of the power functions, when dealing with discrete data. The main purpose of this paper is to present a Shiny App providing a user-friendly, interactive tool to apply these criteria. The app also provides specific tools to elicit the analysis and the design prior distributions, which are the core of the two-priors approach.展开更多
植被物候作为反映植被与气候变化关系的重要参量,具有重要的研究意义。本文基于R语言分布式架构Shiny构建了植被物候参数分析系统,可实现站点分布可视化、感兴趣区(Region of Interest,ROI)选取与绘制、植被指数计算与可视化、数据过滤...植被物候作为反映植被与气候变化关系的重要参量,具有重要的研究意义。本文基于R语言分布式架构Shiny构建了植被物候参数分析系统,可实现站点分布可视化、感兴趣区(Region of Interest,ROI)选取与绘制、植被指数计算与可视化、数据过滤、生长曲线轨迹拟合与物候参数提取等功能模块。用户可提取不同植被类型数码相机时间序列的植被指数,并用max方法进行平滑与去噪处理,然后选择合适的方法组合拟合植被群落季相变化轨迹,最终提取较为精确的关键物候参数。林地数据系统测试结果表明:1)相对绿度指数GI比其他相对植被指数和单波段的亮度值振幅明显,其时间序列可表征植被实际生长轨迹; 2)不同拟合方法与提取方法的组合效果不同,如klosterman与klosterman方法组合适合林地类型的植被物候参数提取,用户可综合均方根误差与季节群相变化轨迹结果,筛选出适合所选植被物候数据的拟合与物候参数提取方法组合。展开更多
目的:开发出一个能够提供图形用户界面(graphical user interface,GUI)的临床试验文章数据检索和Meta分析整合的工具。方法:使用R语言Shiny包开发并构建基于Bootstrap框架的Web应用,并基于DT、Meta、gemtc等R包完成数据检索和Meta分析...目的:开发出一个能够提供图形用户界面(graphical user interface,GUI)的临床试验文章数据检索和Meta分析整合的工具。方法:使用R语言Shiny包开发并构建基于Bootstrap框架的Web应用,并基于DT、Meta、gemtc等R包完成数据检索和Meta分析功能的实现。结果:软件可以根据用户需求进行文章和变量的筛选,信息以表格形式呈现。用户也可以选择不同的试验组药物和对照组药物来进行经典Meta分析,增加或者减去不同的研究来构建药物之间的网络图进行网状Meta分析。结论:此工具界面友好、操作方便,绘图及分析结果准确,能够为研究者带来便利。展开更多
Non-circular plots of whole genomes are natural representations of genomic data aligned along all chromosomes.Currently,there is no specialized graphical user interface(GUI)designed to produce non-circular whole genom...Non-circular plots of whole genomes are natural representations of genomic data aligned along all chromosomes.Currently,there is no specialized graphical user interface(GUI)designed to produce non-circular whole genome diagrams,and the use of existing tools requires considerable coding effort from users.Moreover,such tools also require improvement,including the addition of new functionalities.To address these issues,we developed a new R/Shiny application,named shiny Chromosome,as a GUI for the interactive creation of non-circular whole genome diagrams.shiny Chromosome can be easily installed on personal computers for own use as well as on local or public servers for community use.Publication-quality images can be readily generated and annotated from user input using diverse widgets.shiny Chromosome is deployed at http://150.109.59.144:3838/shiny Chromosome/,http://shiny Chromosome.ncpgr.cn,and https://yimingyu.shinyapps.io/shiny Chromosome for online use.The source code and manual of shiny Chromosome are freely available at https://github.com/venyao/shiny Chromosome.展开更多
基金supported by Grants from the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica,from Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)and the University of Buenos Aires.
文摘For songbirds,the post-fledging period is critical for development and survival,as young must learn to get food,practice flying,and identify predators to become independent from their parents and disperse or migrate.Obligate avian brood parasites,like cuckoos and cowbirds,lay eggs in nests of other bird species that provide parental care until the parasite’s young become independent.The information on the post-fledging period in songbirds is limited due to the difficulty in following and observing fledglings and it is even scarcer for brood parasites.We studied the behavior,survival,and age of independence of Shiny Cowbird(Molothrus bonariensis)fledglings raised by 2 hosts that differ markedly in body size:the House Wren(Troglodytes aedon)and the Chalk-Browed Mockingbird(Mimus saturninus).We radio-tracked individuals from a few days before they left the nest until they disappeared from the natal territory.We found:(1)chicks left the nest when they were 11-15 days of age and the age of fledgling did not differ between the 2 host species,(2)after leaving the nest,they spent most of the time perched in a hidden place without begging but as they grew,the proportion of time perched without begging decreased and begging in hidden and exposed places increased,(3)we observed approaches between adult parasitic females and young in host territories,(4)young abandoned the host territory and joined conspecific flocks when they were 35-39 days of age,and(5)the estimated post-fledging survival was between 12.5%and 20.8%.
文摘The shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis parasitizes many species with different life-history traits and has a detrimental effect on the survival of the progeny of the hosts.In response,hosts have developed numerous antiparasitic defenses.Here,we examined the effects of brood parasitism by shiny cowbird on the clutch and brood sizes(83 nests)in a small host,the black-backed water tyrant Fluvicola albiventer.We also studied whether the death of parasite nestlings was related to the care of the foster parents and whether the host had any antiparasitic defense against the shiny cowbird.Our results indicate that brood parasitism significantly decreased the host hatching and fledging successes.The majority of nest failures(57%)were caused by brood parasitism.Shiny cowbird parasitism occurred in 52%of nests and the intensity of parasitism was 1.23±0.53 eggs per parasitized nest.Of the total host eggs,54%were damaged.During the incubation stage,20 nests(47%)were abandoned because of egg punctures by shiny cowbirds females.Only two parasitic fledglings were recorded,while the remaining nestlings either died from starvation(n=12)or predation(n=3).Foster parents abandoned parasitic nestlings between 5 and 10 days old.Our findings demonstrate that the shiny cowbird has very low rates of fledging success when parasitizing black-backed water tyrant.Also,parasitism had a high reproductive cost in the black-backed water tyrant because a very low proportion(7%)of the parasitized nests(n=43)were successful.
文摘Sample size determination typically relies on a power analysis based on a frequentist conditional approach. This latter can be seen as a particular case of the two-priors approach, which allows to build four distinct power functions to select the optimal sample size. We revise this approach when the focus is on testing a single binomial proportion. We consider exact methods and introduce a conservative criterion to account for the typical non-monotonic behavior of the power functions, when dealing with discrete data. The main purpose of this paper is to present a Shiny App providing a user-friendly, interactive tool to apply these criteria. The app also provides specific tools to elicit the analysis and the design prior distributions, which are the core of the two-priors approach.
文摘植被物候作为反映植被与气候变化关系的重要参量,具有重要的研究意义。本文基于R语言分布式架构Shiny构建了植被物候参数分析系统,可实现站点分布可视化、感兴趣区(Region of Interest,ROI)选取与绘制、植被指数计算与可视化、数据过滤、生长曲线轨迹拟合与物候参数提取等功能模块。用户可提取不同植被类型数码相机时间序列的植被指数,并用max方法进行平滑与去噪处理,然后选择合适的方法组合拟合植被群落季相变化轨迹,最终提取较为精确的关键物候参数。林地数据系统测试结果表明:1)相对绿度指数GI比其他相对植被指数和单波段的亮度值振幅明显,其时间序列可表征植被实际生长轨迹; 2)不同拟合方法与提取方法的组合效果不同,如klosterman与klosterman方法组合适合林地类型的植被物候参数提取,用户可综合均方根误差与季节群相变化轨迹结果,筛选出适合所选植被物候数据的拟合与物候参数提取方法组合。
文摘目的:开发出一个能够提供图形用户界面(graphical user interface,GUI)的临床试验文章数据检索和Meta分析整合的工具。方法:使用R语言Shiny包开发并构建基于Bootstrap框架的Web应用,并基于DT、Meta、gemtc等R包完成数据检索和Meta分析功能的实现。结果:软件可以根据用户需求进行文章和变量的筛选,信息以表格形式呈现。用户也可以选择不同的试验组药物和对照组药物来进行经典Meta分析,增加或者减去不同的研究来构建药物之间的网络图进行网状Meta分析。结论:此工具界面友好、操作方便,绘图及分析结果准确,能够为研究者带来便利。
基金the research start-up fund to topnotch talents of Henan Agricultural University(Grant No.30500581),China.
文摘Non-circular plots of whole genomes are natural representations of genomic data aligned along all chromosomes.Currently,there is no specialized graphical user interface(GUI)designed to produce non-circular whole genome diagrams,and the use of existing tools requires considerable coding effort from users.Moreover,such tools also require improvement,including the addition of new functionalities.To address these issues,we developed a new R/Shiny application,named shiny Chromosome,as a GUI for the interactive creation of non-circular whole genome diagrams.shiny Chromosome can be easily installed on personal computers for own use as well as on local or public servers for community use.Publication-quality images can be readily generated and annotated from user input using diverse widgets.shiny Chromosome is deployed at http://150.109.59.144:3838/shiny Chromosome/,http://shiny Chromosome.ncpgr.cn,and https://yimingyu.shinyapps.io/shiny Chromosome for online use.The source code and manual of shiny Chromosome are freely available at https://github.com/venyao/shiny Chromosome.
