Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can lead to neuronal necrosis,trigger inflammatory responses,promote white matter damage,and ultimately result in cognitive impairment.Consequently,chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is an i...Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can lead to neuronal necrosis,trigger inflammatory responses,promote white matter damage,and ultimately result in cognitive impairment.Consequently,chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is an important factor influencing the onset and progression of vascular dementia.The myelin sheath is a critical component of white matter,and damage and repair of the white matter are closely linked to myelin sheath integrity.This article reviews the role of microglia in vascular dementia,focusing on their effects on myelin sheaths and the potential therapeutic implications.The findings suggest that ischemia and hypoxia cause disruption of the blood-brain barrier and activate microglia,which may worsen blood-brain barrier damage through the release of matrix-degrading enzymes.Microglia-mediated metabolic reprogramming is recognized as an important driver of inflammation.Damage to the blood-brain barrier and subsequent inflammation can lead to myelin injury and accelerate the progression of vascular dementia.Early activation of microglia is a protective response that contributes to the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity through sensing,debris-clearing,and defensive mechanisms.However,prolonged activation can trigger a shift in microglia toward the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype,resulting in myelin damage and cognitive impairment.Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 have been identified as potential biomarkers for vascular dementia,as both are closely linked to cognitive decline.Although effective clinical treatments for myelin damage in the central nervous system are currently lacking,researchers are actively working to develop targeted therapies.Several drugs,including nimodipine,dopaminergic agents,simvastatin,biotin,and quetiapine,have been evaluated for clinical use in treating microglial and myelin damage.Future research will face challenges in developing targeted therapeutic strategies for vascular dementia,requiring further investigation into the timing,duration,and specific mechanisms of microglial activation,as well as the exploration of new drug combinations and additional therapeutic targets.展开更多
The effect of flow passage length in the die cavity and extrusion wheel velocity on the shape of aluminum sheath during the continuous extrusion sheathing process was analyzed by using finite element methods based on ...The effect of flow passage length in the die cavity and extrusion wheel velocity on the shape of aluminum sheath during the continuous extrusion sheathing process was analyzed by using finite element methods based on software DEFORM 3D and experimentally validated. The results show that by increasing the flow passage length, the velocity of metal at the cross-section of sheath tends toward uniformity, the values of the bending angles of sheath gradually approach the ideal value of zero and the cross-section exhibits a better shape. The extrusion wheel velocity has negligible effects on the bending shape and cross-section of the sheath product when a long flow passage is used.展开更多
Rice sheath blight(RSB)is a major destructive disease impeding rice production.Identifying key germplasm resources with increased resistance remains a challenge.However,the mechanisms underlying disease resistance are...Rice sheath blight(RSB)is a major destructive disease impeding rice production.Identifying key germplasm resources with increased resistance remains a challenge.However,the mechanisms underlying disease resistance are not yet fully understood.Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases(CYP450s)serve biosynthesis and metabolic detoxification functions in plants,but there is limited information about their role in the response induced by RSB.This study demonstrated that CYT02 belongs to the CYP73A100 subfamily and is a typical member of the CYP450s.Overexpression(OE)in rice of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase cyt02 conferred increased resistance to RSB and increased vegetative tillering.Cyt02 may increase RSB resistance by regulating plant hormone synthesis,regulate reactive oxygen species(ROS)by coordinating the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and initiate phytoalexin synthesis in response to fungal infection.These research findings have laid a foundation for a deeper understanding of the function of cyt02 and offered a potential target gene for breeding rice varieties resistant to sheath blight.展开更多
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)repair often involves significant postoperative pain,traditionally managed with systemic opioids,which can cause undesirable side effects.This case report explores the novel us...BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)repair often involves significant postoperative pain,traditionally managed with systemic opioids,which can cause undesirable side effects.This case report explores the novel use of a surgically-initiated rectus sheath block with a catheter-over-needle assembly for pain management in AAA repair.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old female with hypertension and previous aortic dissection underwent elective open repair of an infrarenal AAA,which had grown from 3.4 cm to 4.3 cm over 14 months.A rectus sheath block was initiated surgically for postoperative pain control.The patient reported low pain scores and did not require systemic intravenous opioids,enabling early ambulation and discharge on postoperative day seven without complications.By preventing complications of systemic opi-oids,the method indicating a promising direction for postoperative pain management in major vascular surgeries.CONCLUSION Surgically-initiated rectus sheath block as a valuable tool for managing postoperative pain in AAA repair.展开更多
Ethylene response factors(ERFs)are plant transcription agents that play a pivotal role in disease resistance through the ethylene signaling pathway.However,whether and how ERFs regulate resistance to sheath blight(ShB...Ethylene response factors(ERFs)are plant transcription agents that play a pivotal role in disease resistance through the ethylene signaling pathway.However,whether and how ERFs regulate resistance to sheath blight(ShB),caused by Rhizoctonia solani in rice,remains largely unknown.Here,we demonstrated that OsERF7 negatively regulates rice resistance to ShB by inhibiting phytoalexin biosynthesis.Overexpression of OsERF7(OsERF7OE)significantly decreased ShB resistance,whereas knockout of OsERF7(oserf7)enhanced it.Mechanistically,antioxidant enzyme activities are significantly reduced in OsERF7OE plants,but increased in oserf7 plants.Furthermore,transcriptome analysis revealed that oserf7 plants exhibited significant upregulation of pathogenesis-related(PR)and phytoalexin biosynthesis genes upon R.solani infection.Consistently,transcript levels of phytoalexin biosynthesis genes,including OsKSL7,OsKSL8,OsKOL5,and OsCPS4,were significantly elevated in oserf7 plants,but reduced in OsERF7OE plants in response to R.solani infection.Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual-luciferase(LUC)reporter assays further confirmed that OsERF7 directly binds to the promoters of OsKSL8,OsKOL5,and OsCPS4,thereby repressing their expression.In summary,our study revealed that OsERF7 negatively regulated rice resistance to ShB primarily by inhibiting phytoalexin biosynthesis.展开更多
Rice sheath blight is one of the serious rice diseases causing economic losses worldwide.Shenqinmycin,a broad-spectrum microbial metabolite pesticide,inhibits plant pathogens.This study investigated the sensitivity of...Rice sheath blight is one of the serious rice diseases causing economic losses worldwide.Shenqinmycin,a broad-spectrum microbial metabolite pesticide,inhibits plant pathogens.This study investigated the sensitivity of rice sheath blight pathogen to the biological pesticide by treating 45 strains isolated from three northeastern provinces with varying concentrations of Shenqinmycin.The effects on mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of the rice sheath blight pathogens were measured to determine the resistance levels.The results indicated that all tested strains were sensitive to Shenqinmycin,with EC50 values for Rhizoctonia solani ranging from 0.0487 mg·L^(-1) to 0.2348 mg·L^(-1),and a sensitivity baseline of 0.1292 mg·L^(-1).For Rhizoctonias oryzae-sativae,the EC50 values ranged from 0.0517 mg·L^(-1) to 0.1697 mg·L^(-1),with a sensitivity baseline of 0.1163 mg·L^(-1).Shenqinmycin had no effect on the sclerotial germination of either pathogen,suggesting its potential as an effective agent for controlling rice sheath blight.展开更多
Non-traumatic headache is a common presentation in both emergency and outpatient settings,where timely identification of raised intracranial pressure(ICP)is crucial to prevent severe neurological complications.Convent...Non-traumatic headache is a common presentation in both emergency and outpatient settings,where timely identification of raised intracranial pressure(ICP)is crucial to prevent severe neurological complications.Conventional diagnostic methods such as computed tomography and lumbar puncture have important limitations,including invasiveness,delayed availability,and limited sensitivity in certain contexts.Point-of-care ultrasound measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)has emerged as a rapid,non-invasive tool for detecting elevated ICP at the bedside.The technique is based on the anatomical continuity between the intracranial subarachnoid space and the optic nerve sheath,which expands in response to increased ICP.Evidence from multiple studies and meta-analyses indicates that ONSD measurements above 5.0-5.7 mm in adults strongly correlate with elevated ICP,showing pooled sensitivities and specificities approaching 90%.This modality enables immediate triage,guides urgency of neuroimaging,reduces unnecessary radiation exposure,and can be applied in outpatient and low-resource settings.Despite these advantages,ONSD assessment is subject to operator dependency,variability in threshold values,and reduced accuracy in patients with certain ocular or systemic conditions.Advances in artificial intelligence–assisted measurement,coupled with standardized training protocols,have the potential to improve reproducibility and broaden adoption.Overall,point-of-care ultrasound-based ONSD measurement represents a valuable adjunct in the early evaluation of patients with non-traumatic headache,facilitating faster diagnosis,better resource utilization,and improved patient outcomes.展开更多
Currently,although some progress has been made in infancy-stage rocking-chair aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs),more discussions have focused only on the different electrochemical performances displayed by different m...Currently,although some progress has been made in infancy-stage rocking-chair aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs),more discussions have focused only on the different electrochemical performances displayed by different material types rather than the intrinsic ion transport migration electrochemistry.Herein,we for the first time delve into the mechanism of tailoring the solvation sheath and desolvation processes at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces to enhance the structural stabilities in the deep discharge states.In this work,the TiO_(2)front interfaces are induced on electrochemically active but unstable TiSe_(2)host materials to construct unique TiO_(2)/TiSe_(2)-C heterointerfaces.According to X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES),differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS),and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance(EQCM),the intercalated species are transformed from[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+)to[Zn(H_(2)O)_(2)]^(2+)due to the built-in electric fields(BEFs)effects,further accelerating the ion transfer kinetics.Furthermore,owing to the absence of high-energy desolvation solvents released from desolvation processes,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)energy barriers,Ti-Se bond strength,and structural stabilities are significantly improved,and the initial CE and HER overpotentials of the TiO_(2)/TiSe_(2)-C heterointerfaces increased from 13.76%to 84.7%,and from 1.04 to 1.30 V,respectively,and the H2 precipitation current density even at-1.3 V decreased by 73.2%.This work provides valuable insights into the complex interface electrochemical mechanism of tailoring the solvation sheath and desolvation processes toward rocking-chair zinc-ion batteries.展开更多
In recent years,the prevalence of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani has significantly increased in Heilongjiang Province.Chemical control has become the primary control method.To cope with this,a novel m...In recent years,the prevalence of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani has significantly increased in Heilongjiang Province.Chemical control has become the primary control method.To cope with this,a novel mycelium growth rate method was employed to assess the toxicity of 13 fungicides,including a combination of 45%prochloraz and 125 g·mL^(-1)epoxiconazole,against R.solani.Additionally,the resistance of 99 R.solani strains to thifluzamide across various regions was also evaluated.The findings indicated that 75%trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole exhibited the most effective inhibitory effect,with an effective inhibitory medium concentration(EC50)value of 0.0101μg·mL^(-1).The EC50 values for 20%prothioconazole,125 g·mL^(-1)epoxiconazole,24%thifluzamide,and 50%hexaconazole were all less than 10μg·mL^(-1),indicating a better inhibitory effect on R.solani.The strongest synergistic effect was noted in the mixture of prochloraz and epoxiconazole at a 1:2 ratio,resulting in an EC50 value of 2.9917μg·mL^(-1),and a co-toxicity coefficient of 213.38.Among the 34 strains from Harbin City,the average EC50 value was 196.9341μg·mL^(-1)indicating the highest susceptiblility to thifluzamide.Conversely,15 strains from Shuangyashan City exhibited an average EC50 value of 364.7323μg·mL^(-1),reflecting the lowest sensitivity to thifluzamide.The sensitivity baseline EC50 value for R.solani was 253.8854μg·mL^(-1),with an overall resistance level between 0.1567 and 3.3292,indicating that the resistance level of R.solani in Heilongjiang Province remained low.Therefore,R.solani was still sensitive to thifluzamide in most areas of Heilongjiang Province,but there was a certain risk of resistance in Qitaihe City,which needed to be continuously monitored.At the same time,this study might provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing the prevention and management of the rice sheath blight.展开更多
Solvated zinc ions are prone to undergo desolvation at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces,and unstable H_(2)O molecules within the solvated sheaths tend to trigger hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),further accelerati...Solvated zinc ions are prone to undergo desolvation at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces,and unstable H_(2)O molecules within the solvated sheaths tend to trigger hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),further accelerating interfaces decay.Herein,we propose for the first time a novel strategy to enhance the interfacial stabilities by insitu dynamic reconstruction of weakly solvated Zn2þduring the desolvation processes at heterointerfaces.Theoretical calculations indicate that,due to built-in electric field effects(BEFs),the plating/stripping mechanism shifts from[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]_(2)þto[Zn(H_(2)O)_(5)(SO_(4))^(2-)]_(2)þwithout additional electrolyte additives,reducing the solvation ability of H_(2)O,enhancing the competitive coordination of SO_(4)^(2-),essentially eliminating the undesirable side effects of anodes.Hence,symmetric cells can operate stably for 3000 h(51.7-times increase in cycle life),and the full cells can operate stably for 5000 cycles(51.5-times increase in cycle life).This study provides valuable insights into the critical design of weakly solvated Zn^(2+) þand desolvation processes at heterointerfaces.展开更多
BACKGROUND The optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)measured by ultrasound has emerged as a significant noninvasive method for detecting elevated intracranial pressure(ICP),guiding timely interventions,and monitoring trea...BACKGROUND The optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)measured by ultrasound has emerged as a significant noninvasive method for detecting elevated intracranial pressure(ICP),guiding timely interventions,and monitoring treatment response.Previous studies have shown that the baseline ONSD at admission is a prognostic indicator of mortality in adult patients with cerebrovascular events,traumatic brain injury,hepatic encephalopathy,and acute stroke.However,pediatric data on the dynamic changes in ONSD remain limited.AIM To study the association between within-48 hours admission dynamic ONSD changes and mortality in children with clinically relevant elevated ICP.METHODS This single-institution prospective study was performed at a tertiary Children’s Hospital in Vietnam,between November 2023 and August 2024.The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality rate.ONSD data were measured at admission,24 hours,and 48 hours post-admission to pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).Linear mixed-effects models accounting for repeated measures within individuals were used to analyze the association between ONSD changes and in-hospital mortality.RESULTS A total of 69 PICU-admitted children with clinically relevant raised ICP were enrolled and included in the analysis.The median patient age was 6 years(interquartile range:1-12),and males accounted for 54%of all patients.The inhospital mortality rate in children with clinically relevant raised ICP was 23.2%.Traumatic brain injury,sepsisassociated encephalopathy,and septic shock were the main causes of death in this cohort.Linear mixed-effects analysis showed that dynamic variability in ONSD values upon PICU admission and during the first 48 hours later correlated significantly with increased mortality.Nonsurvivors had a 5.3%increase in the mean ONSD at 48 hours compared to baseline levels,while the survivors showed a 5.6%reduction in ONSD.CONCLUSION Serial ultrasound-based ONSD measurements within 48 hours of admission better predicted mortality than baseline data in critically ill children,offering a practical,noninvasive tool for early prognosis in elevated ICP.展开更多
Sheath blight, caused by the Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, is one of the most serious diseases of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The relationship between morphological traits and sheath blight resistance was investigated in 1999 ...Sheath blight, caused by the Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, is one of the most serious diseases of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The relationship between morphological traits and sheath blight resistance was investigated in 1999 and 2000 by using a segregant population consisting of 240 inbred recombination lines, derived from an elite combination of Zhenshan 97 X Minghui 63. Partial correlation analysis between phenotypic data (morphological characteristics and heading date (HD)) and sheath blight ratings (SBR) showed that only one trait, plant compactness, was significantly correlated with resistance to sheath blight in both 1999 and 2000, eight traits, such as plant height, heading date, and penultimate leaf angle, were significantly correlated with SBR in either of the two years, and the remaining 10 morphological traits were not consistently associated with SBR in the two years. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling plant compactness was found to be in the site on chromosome 9 adjacent to the region responsible for qSB9, a major QTLs conferring sheath blight resistance. One out of the three QTLs contributing to a penultimate leaf angle was mapped approximately on the same region as another sheath blight resistance QTL, qSB5, located on chromosome 5. Whereas, no QTLs underlying most other traits was detected on the chromosomal region correlated with sheath blight resistance QTL. The results in the present study suggested that the morphological traits were not the main factors responsible for the SBR separation among the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population. Nevertheless, some morphological characteristics had some indirect influence on expression of sheath blight resistance genes through altering a microclimate on paddy field so as to influence the infection of the pathogen and development of the disease. An efficient approach in resistance breeding to sheath blight was recommended by pyramiding major QTLs for sheath blight resistance and selecting those morphological traits that favor resistance gene expression.展开更多
[ Objective] Correlation of microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants with the damage degree of red palm fiber elephant in four kinds of plants in Nanning were analyzed in order t...[ Objective] Correlation of microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants with the damage degree of red palm fiber elephant in four kinds of plants in Nanning were analyzed in order to control the occurrence and damage of this insect in Nanning. [Method] Taken 4 kinds of Palmae plants in Nanning including Ravenea fivulafis, Washingtonia filifera, Phoenix canafiensis, Roystonea regia （HBK.）O. F. Cook as materials, damage situation of the red palm fiber elephant was investigated, microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants were analyzed and determined. [ Result] The results showed that there was direct correlation between the microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition with the physical resistance of palm plant against red palm fiber elephant. The extend of damage from red palm fiber elephant had negatively relation with the thickness of corneum and leaf epidermis. The damage degree caused by red palm fiber elephant increased with the content of crude protein, crude ash and nitrogen free extract increasing, also increased with the content of rude fiber decreasing. [Condusion] The damage degree of red palm fiber elephant had a relationship with microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of three new fungicides against rice sheath blight in field experiment. [Methods] The experiment set up 7 treatments with three times of repetition and designed by random gr...[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of three new fungicides against rice sheath blight in field experiment. [Methods] The experiment set up 7 treatments with three times of repetition and designed by random grouping. By using 5 sampling points in each plot, and investigating continuous 4 holes of each point, total plants, diseased plants and disease degrees were recorded. Then disease index and control efficiency were calculated, and variance analysis was carried out. [Results] 300 or 450 ml/hm^2 azoxystrobin ＋ difenoconazole 325 g/L SC had better control efficiency to rice sheath blight and had no phytotoxicity effect, we should use it at the initial disease stage and continuously spray 2-3 times. [Conclusion] The experiment provided a theoretical basis for controlling rice sheath blight using fungicides.展开更多
Objective:To examine differences in outcomes of semi-rigid ureteroscopy(URS)with or without a modified-ureteral-access-sheath(mUAS)to treat large upper ureteral stones.Methods:Patients with single,radio-opaque large u...Objective:To examine differences in outcomes of semi-rigid ureteroscopy(URS)with or without a modified-ureteral-access-sheath(mUAS)to treat large upper ureteral stones.Methods:Patients with single,radio-opaque large upper ureteral stone(≥10 mm)treated using semi-rigid URS between August 2013 and October 2016 were retrospectively evaluated.The stone-free status was determined from Kidney-ureter-bladder(KUB)X-ray films taken on postoperative Day 1 and after 1 month.Results:Of 103 patients meeting inclusion criteria,43(41.75%)and 60(58.25%)were treated with semi-rigid URS with and without mUAS,respectively.The immediate stone-free rate(SFR)for the mUAS group was significantly higher than the non-mUAS group(40[93.0%]vs.46[76.7%];p=0.033).The SFR at 1 month was also high for patients treated using mUAS,but not statistically different from patients not treated with mUAS(41[95.3%]mUAS vs.51[85.0%]non-mUAS;p=0.115).Auxiliary procedure rates were significantly lower for mUAS patients compared to non-mUAS patients(2[4.7%]vs.14[23.3%];p=0.01).There were no significant differences in surgical duration and hospital stays,and the overall complication rates were statistically similar for mUAS patients compared to non-mUAS patients(1[2.3%]vs.3[5.0%];p=0.638).展开更多
The failure of cement sheath integrity can be easily caused by alternating pressure during large-scale multistage hydraulic fracturing in shale-gas well.An elastic-plastic mechanical model of casing-cement sheath-form...The failure of cement sheath integrity can be easily caused by alternating pressure during large-scale multistage hydraulic fracturing in shale-gas well.An elastic-plastic mechanical model of casing-cement sheath-formation(CSF)system under alternating pressure is established based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion and thick-walled cylinder theory,and it has been solved by MATLAB programming combining global optimization algorithm with Global Search.The failure mechanism of cement sheath integrity is investigated,by which it can be seen that the formation of interface debonding is mainly related to the plastic strain accumulation,and there is a risk of interface debonding under alternating pressure,once the cement sheath enters plasticity whether in shallow or deep well sections.The matching relationship between the mechanical parameters(elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio)of cement sheath and its integrity failure under alternating pressure in whole well sections is studied,by which it has been found there is a“critical range”in the Poisson's ratio of cement sheath.When the Poisson's ratio is below the“critical range”,there is a positive correlation between the yield internal pressure of cement sheath(SYP)and its elastic modulus.However,when the Poisson's ratio is above the“critical range”,there is a negative correlation.The elastic modulus of cement sheath is closely related to its Poisson's ratio,and restricts each other.Scientific and reasonable matching between mechanical parameters of cement sheath and CSF system under different working conditions can not only reduce the cost,but also protect the cement sheath integrity.展开更多
he cement sheath is the heart of any oil or gas well for providing zonal isolation and well integrity during the life of a well.Loads induced by well construction operations and borehole pressure and temperature chang...he cement sheath is the heart of any oil or gas well for providing zonal isolation and well integrity during the life of a well.Loads induced by well construction operations and borehole pressure and temperature changes may lead to the ultimate failure of cement sheath.This paper quantifies the potential of cement failure under mechanically and thermally induced stress during the life-of-well using a coupled thermalehydrologicalemechanical(THM)modeling approach.A staged finite-element procedure is presented considering sequential stress and displacement development during each stage of the well life,including drilling,casing,cementing,completion,production,and injection.The staged model quantifies the stress states and state variables,e.g.,plastic strain,damage,and debonding at cement/rock or cement/casing interface,in each well stage from simultaneous action of in-situ stress,pore pressure,temperature,casing pressure,and cement hardening/shrinkage.Thus,it eliminates the need to guess the initial stress and strain state before modeling a specific stage.Moreover,coupled THM capabilities of the model ensure the full consideration of the interaction between these influential factors.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to study the cultural characteristic of the pathogen of Rice Sheath Blight （ Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn） and its pathogenicity in Sichuan regions. [ Method] The samples of rice sheath blight ...[ Objective] The paper was to study the cultural characteristic of the pathogen of Rice Sheath Blight （ Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn） and its pathogenicity in Sichuan regions. [ Method] The samples of rice sheath blight collected from six main rice planting areas in Sichuan regions were separated. The separated pathogen of rice sheath blight was cultured on PDA medium, and its cultural characteristic was recorded. Meanwhile, the pathogenicity of the obtained 23 strains was determined. [ Result] The growth rates among different strains had significant difference. According to the growth rate, only one strain belonged to medium strain（colony diameter： 40 mm≤（Ф≤60 mm）, the rest were all slow-type strains （colony diam- eter Ф〈40 mm）, and there was no strain with fast growth rate （colony diameter Ф 〉 60 mm）. Pathogenicity test showed that the pathogenicity among strains was significantly different, only one strain had strong pathogenicity, and the others all had moderate or weak pathogenicity. [ Conclu- sion] The study confirmed the basic biological characteristics of the pathogen of rice sheath blight in Sichuan region, which would provide theoretical basis for effective control of rice sheath blight in the region.展开更多
In this study, a population of 119 chromosome segment substitution lines （CSSLs） derived from backcross between indica 9311 and japonica Nipponbare was employed to map quantitative trait loci （QTL） associated with...In this study, a population of 119 chromosome segment substitution lines （CSSLs） derived from backcross between indica 9311 and japonica Nipponbare was employed to map quantitative trait loci （QTL） associated with sheath blight resis-tance in rice with toothpick inoculation method. A total of three sheath blight resis-tance-associated QTLs （qsb8-1, qsb8-2 and qsb8-3） were identified, which were lo-cated on adjacent molecular markers RM3262, RM5485 and RM3496 of chromo-some 8; the genetic interval was 81.7cM-91.7cM, 91.7cM-108.1cM and 108.1cM-119.6cM, respectively. The additive effect of qsb8-2 was negative, indicating that sheath blight resistance of susceptible parent harboring qsb8-2 fragment was en-hanced; additive effects of qsb8-1 and qsb8-3 were positive, indicating that sheath blight resistance of susceptible parent harboring qsb8-1 and qsb8-3 fragments was reduced.展开更多
With validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） Paenibacillus polymyxa DN-1 3% AS as the test agent, the effects of different dosage and different application time on the control efficacy for＇ rich sheath blight were in...With validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） Paenibacillus polymyxa DN-1 3% AS as the test agent, the effects of different dosage and different application time on the control efficacy for＇ rich sheath blight were investigated. The results of two- year test showed that when the application amount was in the range of 45-90 g.a.i/ hm^2, the field efficacy of validamycin A-（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS in the initial infection stage of rich sheath blight （Le., the diseased plant rate was below 5%） reached 80.38%-89.06%, and that in the peak infection stage （i.e., the diseased plant rate was higher than 10%） reached only 41.12%-53.26%. The field efficacy of validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS at the early onset of rich sheath blight was significantly better than that at the onset, so that the application time of validamycin A .（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS should be appropriately brought forward in the prevention and control of rice sheath blight.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7232279(to XW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U21A20400(to QW)Key Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Nos.2022-JYB-JBZR-004(to XW),2024-JYB-JBZD-043(to CL).
文摘Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can lead to neuronal necrosis,trigger inflammatory responses,promote white matter damage,and ultimately result in cognitive impairment.Consequently,chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is an important factor influencing the onset and progression of vascular dementia.The myelin sheath is a critical component of white matter,and damage and repair of the white matter are closely linked to myelin sheath integrity.This article reviews the role of microglia in vascular dementia,focusing on their effects on myelin sheaths and the potential therapeutic implications.The findings suggest that ischemia and hypoxia cause disruption of the blood-brain barrier and activate microglia,which may worsen blood-brain barrier damage through the release of matrix-degrading enzymes.Microglia-mediated metabolic reprogramming is recognized as an important driver of inflammation.Damage to the blood-brain barrier and subsequent inflammation can lead to myelin injury and accelerate the progression of vascular dementia.Early activation of microglia is a protective response that contributes to the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity through sensing,debris-clearing,and defensive mechanisms.However,prolonged activation can trigger a shift in microglia toward the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype,resulting in myelin damage and cognitive impairment.Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 have been identified as potential biomarkers for vascular dementia,as both are closely linked to cognitive decline.Although effective clinical treatments for myelin damage in the central nervous system are currently lacking,researchers are actively working to develop targeted therapies.Several drugs,including nimodipine,dopaminergic agents,simvastatin,biotin,and quetiapine,have been evaluated for clinical use in treating microglial and myelin damage.Future research will face challenges in developing targeted therapeutic strategies for vascular dementia,requiring further investigation into the timing,duration,and specific mechanisms of microglial activation,as well as the exploration of new drug combinations and additional therapeutic targets.
基金Project (51175055) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (201102020) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, ChinaProject (200921085) supported by the Liaoning BaiQian Wan Talents Program, China
文摘The effect of flow passage length in the die cavity and extrusion wheel velocity on the shape of aluminum sheath during the continuous extrusion sheathing process was analyzed by using finite element methods based on software DEFORM 3D and experimentally validated. The results show that by increasing the flow passage length, the velocity of metal at the cross-section of sheath tends toward uniformity, the values of the bending angles of sheath gradually approach the ideal value of zero and the cross-section exhibits a better shape. The extrusion wheel velocity has negligible effects on the bending shape and cross-section of the sheath product when a long flow passage is used.
基金supported by the Sichuan Province International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation(2024YFHZ0299)the Project of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2022YFH0031)Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau(2024-YF05-02168-SN).
文摘Rice sheath blight(RSB)is a major destructive disease impeding rice production.Identifying key germplasm resources with increased resistance remains a challenge.However,the mechanisms underlying disease resistance are not yet fully understood.Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases(CYP450s)serve biosynthesis and metabolic detoxification functions in plants,but there is limited information about their role in the response induced by RSB.This study demonstrated that CYT02 belongs to the CYP73A100 subfamily and is a typical member of the CYP450s.Overexpression(OE)in rice of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase cyt02 conferred increased resistance to RSB and increased vegetative tillering.Cyt02 may increase RSB resistance by regulating plant hormone synthesis,regulate reactive oxygen species(ROS)by coordinating the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and initiate phytoalexin synthesis in response to fungal infection.These research findings have laid a foundation for a deeper understanding of the function of cyt02 and offered a potential target gene for breeding rice varieties resistant to sheath blight.
基金Supported by the Taichung Veterans General Hospital,No.TCVGH-1125401B.
文摘BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA)repair often involves significant postoperative pain,traditionally managed with systemic opioids,which can cause undesirable side effects.This case report explores the novel use of a surgically-initiated rectus sheath block with a catheter-over-needle assembly for pain management in AAA repair.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old female with hypertension and previous aortic dissection underwent elective open repair of an infrarenal AAA,which had grown from 3.4 cm to 4.3 cm over 14 months.A rectus sheath block was initiated surgically for postoperative pain control.The patient reported low pain scores and did not require systemic intravenous opioids,enabling early ambulation and discharge on postoperative day seven without complications.By preventing complications of systemic opi-oids,the method indicating a promising direction for postoperative pain management in major vascular surgeries.CONCLUSION Surgically-initiated rectus sheath block as a valuable tool for managing postoperative pain in AAA repair.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32200430 and 32272110)Jiangsu Province Higher Vocational College Teacher Professional Leader High-End Training Program,China(Grant No.2023GRFX083)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M712700)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent,China(Grant No.2022ZB628)a Project Funded by Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China.
文摘Ethylene response factors(ERFs)are plant transcription agents that play a pivotal role in disease resistance through the ethylene signaling pathway.However,whether and how ERFs regulate resistance to sheath blight(ShB),caused by Rhizoctonia solani in rice,remains largely unknown.Here,we demonstrated that OsERF7 negatively regulates rice resistance to ShB by inhibiting phytoalexin biosynthesis.Overexpression of OsERF7(OsERF7OE)significantly decreased ShB resistance,whereas knockout of OsERF7(oserf7)enhanced it.Mechanistically,antioxidant enzyme activities are significantly reduced in OsERF7OE plants,but increased in oserf7 plants.Furthermore,transcriptome analysis revealed that oserf7 plants exhibited significant upregulation of pathogenesis-related(PR)and phytoalexin biosynthesis genes upon R.solani infection.Consistently,transcript levels of phytoalexin biosynthesis genes,including OsKSL7,OsKSL8,OsKOL5,and OsCPS4,were significantly elevated in oserf7 plants,but reduced in OsERF7OE plants in response to R.solani infection.Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual-luciferase(LUC)reporter assays further confirmed that OsERF7 directly binds to the promoters of OsKSL8,OsKOL5,and OsCPS4,thereby repressing their expression.In summary,our study revealed that OsERF7 negatively regulated rice resistance to ShB primarily by inhibiting phytoalexin biosynthesis.
基金Supported by the Green Plant Protection Project(213010801)the Heilongjiang Provincial Key R&D Program Projects(20232X02B0502)。
文摘Rice sheath blight is one of the serious rice diseases causing economic losses worldwide.Shenqinmycin,a broad-spectrum microbial metabolite pesticide,inhibits plant pathogens.This study investigated the sensitivity of rice sheath blight pathogen to the biological pesticide by treating 45 strains isolated from three northeastern provinces with varying concentrations of Shenqinmycin.The effects on mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of the rice sheath blight pathogens were measured to determine the resistance levels.The results indicated that all tested strains were sensitive to Shenqinmycin,with EC50 values for Rhizoctonia solani ranging from 0.0487 mg·L^(-1) to 0.2348 mg·L^(-1),and a sensitivity baseline of 0.1292 mg·L^(-1).For Rhizoctonias oryzae-sativae,the EC50 values ranged from 0.0517 mg·L^(-1) to 0.1697 mg·L^(-1),with a sensitivity baseline of 0.1163 mg·L^(-1).Shenqinmycin had no effect on the sclerotial germination of either pathogen,suggesting its potential as an effective agent for controlling rice sheath blight.
文摘Non-traumatic headache is a common presentation in both emergency and outpatient settings,where timely identification of raised intracranial pressure(ICP)is crucial to prevent severe neurological complications.Conventional diagnostic methods such as computed tomography and lumbar puncture have important limitations,including invasiveness,delayed availability,and limited sensitivity in certain contexts.Point-of-care ultrasound measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)has emerged as a rapid,non-invasive tool for detecting elevated ICP at the bedside.The technique is based on the anatomical continuity between the intracranial subarachnoid space and the optic nerve sheath,which expands in response to increased ICP.Evidence from multiple studies and meta-analyses indicates that ONSD measurements above 5.0-5.7 mm in adults strongly correlate with elevated ICP,showing pooled sensitivities and specificities approaching 90%.This modality enables immediate triage,guides urgency of neuroimaging,reduces unnecessary radiation exposure,and can be applied in outpatient and low-resource settings.Despite these advantages,ONSD assessment is subject to operator dependency,variability in threshold values,and reduced accuracy in patients with certain ocular or systemic conditions.Advances in artificial intelligence–assisted measurement,coupled with standardized training protocols,have the potential to improve reproducibility and broaden adoption.Overall,point-of-care ultrasound-based ONSD measurement represents a valuable adjunct in the early evaluation of patients with non-traumatic headache,facilitating faster diagnosis,better resource utilization,and improved patient outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51977097).
文摘Currently,although some progress has been made in infancy-stage rocking-chair aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs),more discussions have focused only on the different electrochemical performances displayed by different material types rather than the intrinsic ion transport migration electrochemistry.Herein,we for the first time delve into the mechanism of tailoring the solvation sheath and desolvation processes at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces to enhance the structural stabilities in the deep discharge states.In this work,the TiO_(2)front interfaces are induced on electrochemically active but unstable TiSe_(2)host materials to construct unique TiO_(2)/TiSe_(2)-C heterointerfaces.According to X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES),differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS),and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance(EQCM),the intercalated species are transformed from[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]^(2+)to[Zn(H_(2)O)_(2)]^(2+)due to the built-in electric fields(BEFs)effects,further accelerating the ion transfer kinetics.Furthermore,owing to the absence of high-energy desolvation solvents released from desolvation processes,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)energy barriers,Ti-Se bond strength,and structural stabilities are significantly improved,and the initial CE and HER overpotentials of the TiO_(2)/TiSe_(2)-C heterointerfaces increased from 13.76%to 84.7%,and from 1.04 to 1.30 V,respectively,and the H2 precipitation current density even at-1.3 V decreased by 73.2%.This work provides valuable insights into the complex interface electrochemical mechanism of tailoring the solvation sheath and desolvation processes toward rocking-chair zinc-ion batteries.
基金Supported by the Green Plant Protection Project(213010801)the Heilongjiang Province Key Research and Development Plan Project(20232X02 B0502)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2022C022)。
文摘In recent years,the prevalence of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani has significantly increased in Heilongjiang Province.Chemical control has become the primary control method.To cope with this,a novel mycelium growth rate method was employed to assess the toxicity of 13 fungicides,including a combination of 45%prochloraz and 125 g·mL^(-1)epoxiconazole,against R.solani.Additionally,the resistance of 99 R.solani strains to thifluzamide across various regions was also evaluated.The findings indicated that 75%trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole exhibited the most effective inhibitory effect,with an effective inhibitory medium concentration(EC50)value of 0.0101μg·mL^(-1).The EC50 values for 20%prothioconazole,125 g·mL^(-1)epoxiconazole,24%thifluzamide,and 50%hexaconazole were all less than 10μg·mL^(-1),indicating a better inhibitory effect on R.solani.The strongest synergistic effect was noted in the mixture of prochloraz and epoxiconazole at a 1:2 ratio,resulting in an EC50 value of 2.9917μg·mL^(-1),and a co-toxicity coefficient of 213.38.Among the 34 strains from Harbin City,the average EC50 value was 196.9341μg·mL^(-1)indicating the highest susceptiblility to thifluzamide.Conversely,15 strains from Shuangyashan City exhibited an average EC50 value of 364.7323μg·mL^(-1),reflecting the lowest sensitivity to thifluzamide.The sensitivity baseline EC50 value for R.solani was 253.8854μg·mL^(-1),with an overall resistance level between 0.1567 and 3.3292,indicating that the resistance level of R.solani in Heilongjiang Province remained low.Therefore,R.solani was still sensitive to thifluzamide in most areas of Heilongjiang Province,but there was a certain risk of resistance in Qitaihe City,which needed to be continuously monitored.At the same time,this study might provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing the prevention and management of the rice sheath blight.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51977097).
文摘Solvated zinc ions are prone to undergo desolvation at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces,and unstable H_(2)O molecules within the solvated sheaths tend to trigger hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),further accelerating interfaces decay.Herein,we propose for the first time a novel strategy to enhance the interfacial stabilities by insitu dynamic reconstruction of weakly solvated Zn2þduring the desolvation processes at heterointerfaces.Theoretical calculations indicate that,due to built-in electric field effects(BEFs),the plating/stripping mechanism shifts from[Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)]_(2)þto[Zn(H_(2)O)_(5)(SO_(4))^(2-)]_(2)þwithout additional electrolyte additives,reducing the solvation ability of H_(2)O,enhancing the competitive coordination of SO_(4)^(2-),essentially eliminating the undesirable side effects of anodes.Hence,symmetric cells can operate stably for 3000 h(51.7-times increase in cycle life),and the full cells can operate stably for 5000 cycles(51.5-times increase in cycle life).This study provides valuable insights into the critical design of weakly solvated Zn^(2+) þand desolvation processes at heterointerfaces.
文摘BACKGROUND The optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)measured by ultrasound has emerged as a significant noninvasive method for detecting elevated intracranial pressure(ICP),guiding timely interventions,and monitoring treatment response.Previous studies have shown that the baseline ONSD at admission is a prognostic indicator of mortality in adult patients with cerebrovascular events,traumatic brain injury,hepatic encephalopathy,and acute stroke.However,pediatric data on the dynamic changes in ONSD remain limited.AIM To study the association between within-48 hours admission dynamic ONSD changes and mortality in children with clinically relevant elevated ICP.METHODS This single-institution prospective study was performed at a tertiary Children’s Hospital in Vietnam,between November 2023 and August 2024.The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality rate.ONSD data were measured at admission,24 hours,and 48 hours post-admission to pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).Linear mixed-effects models accounting for repeated measures within individuals were used to analyze the association between ONSD changes and in-hospital mortality.RESULTS A total of 69 PICU-admitted children with clinically relevant raised ICP were enrolled and included in the analysis.The median patient age was 6 years(interquartile range:1-12),and males accounted for 54%of all patients.The inhospital mortality rate in children with clinically relevant raised ICP was 23.2%.Traumatic brain injury,sepsisassociated encephalopathy,and septic shock were the main causes of death in this cohort.Linear mixed-effects analysis showed that dynamic variability in ONSD values upon PICU admission and during the first 48 hours later correlated significantly with increased mortality.Nonsurvivors had a 5.3%increase in the mean ONSD at 48 hours compared to baseline levels,while the survivors showed a 5.6%reduction in ONSD.CONCLUSION Serial ultrasound-based ONSD measurements within 48 hours of admission better predicted mortality than baseline data in critically ill children,offering a practical,noninvasive tool for early prognosis in elevated ICP.
文摘Sheath blight, caused by the Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, is one of the most serious diseases of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The relationship between morphological traits and sheath blight resistance was investigated in 1999 and 2000 by using a segregant population consisting of 240 inbred recombination lines, derived from an elite combination of Zhenshan 97 X Minghui 63. Partial correlation analysis between phenotypic data (morphological characteristics and heading date (HD)) and sheath blight ratings (SBR) showed that only one trait, plant compactness, was significantly correlated with resistance to sheath blight in both 1999 and 2000, eight traits, such as plant height, heading date, and penultimate leaf angle, were significantly correlated with SBR in either of the two years, and the remaining 10 morphological traits were not consistently associated with SBR in the two years. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL) controlling plant compactness was found to be in the site on chromosome 9 adjacent to the region responsible for qSB9, a major QTLs conferring sheath blight resistance. One out of the three QTLs contributing to a penultimate leaf angle was mapped approximately on the same region as another sheath blight resistance QTL, qSB5, located on chromosome 5. Whereas, no QTLs underlying most other traits was detected on the chromosomal region correlated with sheath blight resistance QTL. The results in the present study suggested that the morphological traits were not the main factors responsible for the SBR separation among the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population. Nevertheless, some morphological characteristics had some indirect influence on expression of sheath blight resistance genes through altering a microclimate on paddy field so as to influence the infection of the pathogen and development of the disease. An efficient approach in resistance breeding to sheath blight was recommended by pyramiding major QTLs for sheath blight resistance and selecting those morphological traits that favor resistance gene expression.
基金Supported by Guangxi Agricultural College Science Topics(B070206)~~
文摘[ Objective] Correlation of microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants with the damage degree of red palm fiber elephant in four kinds of plants in Nanning were analyzed in order to control the occurrence and damage of this insect in Nanning. [Method] Taken 4 kinds of Palmae plants in Nanning including Ravenea fivulafis, Washingtonia filifera, Phoenix canafiensis, Roystonea regia （HBK.）O. F. Cook as materials, damage situation of the red palm fiber elephant was investigated, microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants were analyzed and determined. [ Result] The results showed that there was direct correlation between the microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition with the physical resistance of palm plant against red palm fiber elephant. The extend of damage from red palm fiber elephant had negatively relation with the thickness of corneum and leaf epidermis. The damage degree caused by red palm fiber elephant increased with the content of crude protein, crude ash and nitrogen free extract increasing, also increased with the content of rude fiber decreasing. [Condusion] The damage degree of red palm fiber elephant had a relationship with microstructure of leaf sheath epidermis and nutrient composition of palm plants.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of three new fungicides against rice sheath blight in field experiment. [Methods] The experiment set up 7 treatments with three times of repetition and designed by random grouping. By using 5 sampling points in each plot, and investigating continuous 4 holes of each point, total plants, diseased plants and disease degrees were recorded. Then disease index and control efficiency were calculated, and variance analysis was carried out. [Results] 300 or 450 ml/hm^2 azoxystrobin ＋ difenoconazole 325 g/L SC had better control efficiency to rice sheath blight and had no phytotoxicity effect, we should use it at the initial disease stage and continuously spray 2-3 times. [Conclusion] The experiment provided a theoretical basis for controlling rice sheath blight using fungicides.
基金This work was financed by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81370804 and No.81670643)Guangzhou Science,Technology and Innovation Commission(No.201604020001,No.201607010162 and No.201704020193).
文摘Objective:To examine differences in outcomes of semi-rigid ureteroscopy(URS)with or without a modified-ureteral-access-sheath(mUAS)to treat large upper ureteral stones.Methods:Patients with single,radio-opaque large upper ureteral stone(≥10 mm)treated using semi-rigid URS between August 2013 and October 2016 were retrospectively evaluated.The stone-free status was determined from Kidney-ureter-bladder(KUB)X-ray films taken on postoperative Day 1 and after 1 month.Results:Of 103 patients meeting inclusion criteria,43(41.75%)and 60(58.25%)were treated with semi-rigid URS with and without mUAS,respectively.The immediate stone-free rate(SFR)for the mUAS group was significantly higher than the non-mUAS group(40[93.0%]vs.46[76.7%];p=0.033).The SFR at 1 month was also high for patients treated using mUAS,but not statistically different from patients not treated with mUAS(41[95.3%]mUAS vs.51[85.0%]non-mUAS;p=0.115).Auxiliary procedure rates were significantly lower for mUAS patients compared to non-mUAS patients(2[4.7%]vs.14[23.3%];p=0.01).There were no significant differences in surgical duration and hospital stays,and the overall complication rates were statistically similar for mUAS patients compared to non-mUAS patients(1[2.3%]vs.3[5.0%];p=0.638).
基金Research work was financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074232)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2022NSFSC0028,No.2022NSFSC0994).Without their support,this work would not have been possible.
文摘The failure of cement sheath integrity can be easily caused by alternating pressure during large-scale multistage hydraulic fracturing in shale-gas well.An elastic-plastic mechanical model of casing-cement sheath-formation(CSF)system under alternating pressure is established based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion and thick-walled cylinder theory,and it has been solved by MATLAB programming combining global optimization algorithm with Global Search.The failure mechanism of cement sheath integrity is investigated,by which it can be seen that the formation of interface debonding is mainly related to the plastic strain accumulation,and there is a risk of interface debonding under alternating pressure,once the cement sheath enters plasticity whether in shallow or deep well sections.The matching relationship between the mechanical parameters(elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio)of cement sheath and its integrity failure under alternating pressure in whole well sections is studied,by which it has been found there is a“critical range”in the Poisson's ratio of cement sheath.When the Poisson's ratio is below the“critical range”,there is a positive correlation between the yield internal pressure of cement sheath(SYP)and its elastic modulus.However,when the Poisson's ratio is above the“critical range”,there is a negative correlation.The elastic modulus of cement sheath is closely related to its Poisson's ratio,and restricts each other.Scientific and reasonable matching between mechanical parameters of cement sheath and CSF system under different working conditions can not only reduce the cost,but also protect the cement sheath integrity.
基金This work was financially supported by Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462019BJRC011 and No.2462020YXZZ051)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52004298).
文摘he cement sheath is the heart of any oil or gas well for providing zonal isolation and well integrity during the life of a well.Loads induced by well construction operations and borehole pressure and temperature changes may lead to the ultimate failure of cement sheath.This paper quantifies the potential of cement failure under mechanically and thermally induced stress during the life-of-well using a coupled thermalehydrologicalemechanical(THM)modeling approach.A staged finite-element procedure is presented considering sequential stress and displacement development during each stage of the well life,including drilling,casing,cementing,completion,production,and injection.The staged model quantifies the stress states and state variables,e.g.,plastic strain,damage,and debonding at cement/rock or cement/casing interface,in each well stage from simultaneous action of in-situ stress,pore pressure,temperature,casing pressure,and cement hardening/shrinkage.Thus,it eliminates the need to guess the initial stress and strain state before modeling a specific stage.Moreover,coupled THM capabilities of the model ensure the full consideration of the interaction between these influential factors.
基金Supported by Public Service Sector (Agriculture) Projects (nyhyzx07-049)~~
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to study the cultural characteristic of the pathogen of Rice Sheath Blight （ Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn） and its pathogenicity in Sichuan regions. [ Method] The samples of rice sheath blight collected from six main rice planting areas in Sichuan regions were separated. The separated pathogen of rice sheath blight was cultured on PDA medium, and its cultural characteristic was recorded. Meanwhile, the pathogenicity of the obtained 23 strains was determined. [ Result] The growth rates among different strains had significant difference. According to the growth rate, only one strain belonged to medium strain（colony diameter： 40 mm≤（Ф≤60 mm）, the rest were all slow-type strains （colony diam- eter Ф〈40 mm）, and there was no strain with fast growth rate （colony diameter Ф 〉 60 mm）. Pathogenicity test showed that the pathogenicity among strains was significantly different, only one strain had strong pathogenicity, and the others all had moderate or weak pathogenicity. [ Conclu- sion] The study confirmed the basic biological characteristics of the pathogen of rice sheath blight in Sichuan region, which would provide theoretical basis for effective control of rice sheath blight in the region.
基金Supported by Specific Fund for the Independent Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology[CX(11)1020]~~
文摘In this study, a population of 119 chromosome segment substitution lines （CSSLs） derived from backcross between indica 9311 and japonica Nipponbare was employed to map quantitative trait loci （QTL） associated with sheath blight resis-tance in rice with toothpick inoculation method. A total of three sheath blight resis-tance-associated QTLs （qsb8-1, qsb8-2 and qsb8-3） were identified, which were lo-cated on adjacent molecular markers RM3262, RM5485 and RM3496 of chromo-some 8; the genetic interval was 81.7cM-91.7cM, 91.7cM-108.1cM and 108.1cM-119.6cM, respectively. The additive effect of qsb8-2 was negative, indicating that sheath blight resistance of susceptible parent harboring qsb8-2 fragment was en-hanced; additive effects of qsb8-1 and qsb8-3 were positive, indicating that sheath blight resistance of susceptible parent harboring qsb8-1 and qsb8-3 fragments was reduced.
基金Supported by National Agricultural Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Fund of China(2010GB2C300196)Modern Agricultural Production Development Fund(Rice Industry)Project of Anhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesIntegration and Demonstration of Chemical Fertilizer and Agrochemical Reduction and Efficiency Increasing Technology for Rice in Rice-wheat(rape)Rotation Areas in Anhui(2016YFD0200806)~~
文摘With validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） Paenibacillus polymyxa DN-1 3% AS as the test agent, the effects of different dosage and different application time on the control efficacy for＇ rich sheath blight were investigated. The results of two- year test showed that when the application amount was in the range of 45-90 g.a.i/ hm^2, the field efficacy of validamycin A-（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS in the initial infection stage of rich sheath blight （Le., the diseased plant rate was below 5%） reached 80.38%-89.06%, and that in the peak infection stage （i.e., the diseased plant rate was higher than 10%） reached only 41.12%-53.26%. The field efficacy of validamycin A.（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS at the early onset of rich sheath blight was significantly better than that at the onset, so that the application time of validamycin A .（0.2 billion spores/ml） P. polymyxa DN-1 3% AS should be appropriately brought forward in the prevention and control of rice sheath blight.
