To guarantee the heterogeneous delay requirements of the diverse vehicular services,it is necessary to design a full cooperative policy for both Vehicle to Infrastructure(V2I)and Vehicle to Vehicle(V2V)links.This pape...To guarantee the heterogeneous delay requirements of the diverse vehicular services,it is necessary to design a full cooperative policy for both Vehicle to Infrastructure(V2I)and Vehicle to Vehicle(V2V)links.This paper investigates the reduction of the delay in edge information sharing for V2V links while satisfying the delay requirements of the V2I links.Specifically,a mean delay minimization problem and a maximum individual delay minimization problem are formulated to improve the global network performance and ensure the fairness of a single user,respectively.A multi-agent reinforcement learning framework is designed to solve these two problems,where a new reward function is proposed to evaluate the utilities of the two optimization objectives in a unified framework.Thereafter,a proximal policy optimization approach is proposed to enable each V2V user to learn its policy using the shared global network reward.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is finally validated by comparing the obtained results with those of the other baseline approaches through extensive simulation experiments.展开更多
The local electronic structure of a transition metal can be adjusted by changing the metal octahedral linking mode in order to control its electrocatalytic activity.Perovskite(corner-sharing octahedra)and layered hydr...The local electronic structure of a transition metal can be adjusted by changing the metal octahedral linking mode in order to control its electrocatalytic activity.Perovskite(corner-sharing octahedra)and layered hydroxide(edge-sharing octahedra)structures have previously been studied as OER electrocatalysts.However,catalysts with face-sharing octahedra have still rarely been studied to date.In this work,a nickel–cobalt phosphite including local structural motifs with face-sharing octahedra has been studied as a model electrocatalyst for OER.展开更多
The first borate featuring a three-dimensional B–O anionic network with edge-sharing(ES)[BO_(4)]units,Pb_(2.28)Ba_(1.72)B_(10)O_(19)(PbBaBO),has been synthesized under ambient pressure.The squeezing effect of the ^(2...The first borate featuring a three-dimensional B–O anionic network with edge-sharing(ES)[BO_(4)]units,Pb_(2.28)Ba_(1.72)B_(10)O_(19)(PbBaBO),has been synthesized under ambient pressure.The squeezing effect of the ^(2)∞[B_(10)O_(19)]bilayer structure on the intra-layer co-edge[BO_(4)]leads to an extremely long B–B distance and quite small internal O–B–O angles in the[B_(2)O_(6)]ring.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants 61901078,61771082,61871062,and U20A20157in part by the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission under grant KJQN201900609+2 种基金in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing under grant cstc2020jcyj-zdxmX0024in part by University Innovation Research Group of Chongqing under grant CXQT20017in part by the China University Industry-University-Research Collaborative Innovation Fund(Future Network Innovation Research and Application Project)under grant 2021FNA04008.
文摘To guarantee the heterogeneous delay requirements of the diverse vehicular services,it is necessary to design a full cooperative policy for both Vehicle to Infrastructure(V2I)and Vehicle to Vehicle(V2V)links.This paper investigates the reduction of the delay in edge information sharing for V2V links while satisfying the delay requirements of the V2I links.Specifically,a mean delay minimization problem and a maximum individual delay minimization problem are formulated to improve the global network performance and ensure the fairness of a single user,respectively.A multi-agent reinforcement learning framework is designed to solve these two problems,where a new reward function is proposed to evaluate the utilities of the two optimization objectives in a unified framework.Thereafter,a proximal policy optimization approach is proposed to enable each V2V user to learn its policy using the shared global network reward.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is finally validated by comparing the obtained results with those of the other baseline approaches through extensive simulation experiments.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51302282)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.201701D221055)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY19E010002)the State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials(No.SKLW2018006).
文摘The local electronic structure of a transition metal can be adjusted by changing the metal octahedral linking mode in order to control its electrocatalytic activity.Perovskite(corner-sharing octahedra)and layered hydroxide(edge-sharing octahedra)structures have previously been studied as OER electrocatalysts.However,catalysts with face-sharing octahedra have still rarely been studied to date.In this work,a nickel–cobalt phosphite including local structural motifs with face-sharing octahedra has been studied as a model electrocatalyst for OER.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2020429)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872323,11774414,61835014 and 51972336)the Tianshan Cedar Program of Scientific and Technological Talents(Grant No.2018XS26).
文摘The first borate featuring a three-dimensional B–O anionic network with edge-sharing(ES)[BO_(4)]units,Pb_(2.28)Ba_(1.72)B_(10)O_(19)(PbBaBO),has been synthesized under ambient pressure.The squeezing effect of the ^(2)∞[B_(10)O_(19)]bilayer structure on the intra-layer co-edge[BO_(4)]leads to an extremely long B–B distance and quite small internal O–B–O angles in the[B_(2)O_(6)]ring.
