Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)is an optically transparent thermoplastic with favorable processing conditions.In this study,a series of plastic scintillators are prepared via thermal polymerization,and the impact of PMM...Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)is an optically transparent thermoplastic with favorable processing conditions.In this study,a series of plastic scintillators are prepared via thermal polymerization,and the impact of PMMA content on their transparency and pulse shape discrimination(PSD)ability is investigated.The fabricated samples,comprising a polystyrene(PS)-PMMA matrix,30.0 wt%2,5-diphenyloxazole(PPO),and 0.2 wt%9,10-diphenylanthracene(DPA),exhibit high transparency with transmissivity ranging from 70.0 to 90.0%(above 415.0 nm)and demonstrate excellent n/γdiscrimination capability.Transparency increased with increasing PMMA content across the entire visible light spectrum.However,the PSD performance gradually deteriorated when the aromatic matrix was replaced with PMMA.The scintillator containing 20.0 wt%PMMA demonstrated the best stability concerning PSD properties and relative light yields.展开更多
Doping with Ga effectively enhances the crystal quality and optical detection efficiency of zinc oxide(Zn O)single crystals,which has attracted considerable research interest in radiation detection.The application of ...Doping with Ga effectively enhances the crystal quality and optical detection efficiency of zinc oxide(Zn O)single crystals,which has attracted considerable research interest in radiation detection.The application of Zn O:Ga(GZO)in nuclear energy is particularly significant and fascinating at the fundamental level,enabling neutron/gamma discrimination while preserving the response time properties of the single crystal in sub-nanoseconds,maximizing the effective counting rate of the pulsed radiation field.In this study,the single-particle waveform discrimination characteristics of GZO were evaluated for five charged particles(α,β,H^(+),Li^(+),and O^(8+)and two prevalent uncharged particles(neutrons and gamma rays).Based on the timecorrelation single-photon counting(TCSPC)method,the luminescence decay time constants of the charged particles in the GZO crystal were determined as follows:1.21 ns for H^(+),1.50 ns for Li^(+),1.70 ns for O^(8+),1.56 ns forαparticles,and 1.09 ns forβparticles.Visible differences in the excitation time spectra curves were observed.Using the conventional time-domain or frequency-domain waveform discrimination techniques,waveform discrimination of 14.9 Me V neutrons and secondary gamma rays generated by the CPNG-6 device based on GZO scintillation was successfully implemented.The neutron signal constituted 77.93%of the total,indicating that GZO exhibited superior neutron/gamma discrimination sensitivity compared with that of a commercial stilbene crystal.Using the neutron/gamma screening outcomes,we reconstructed the voltage pulse height,charge height,and neutron multiplication time spectra of the pulsed neutron radiation field.The reconstructed neutron multiplication time spectrum exhibited a deviation of less than 3%relative to the result obtained using a commercial stilbene scintillator.This is the first report in the open literature on the neutron/gamma discrimination and reconstruction of Zn O pulsed radiation-field information.展开更多
We propose the use of a power pulse shape of the widely known optical soliton, corresponding to the hyperbolic secant square function, for both conventional atmospheric optical communication systems and, especially, f...We propose the use of a power pulse shape of the widely known optical soliton, corresponding to the hyperbolic secant square function, for both conventional atmospheric optical communication systems and, especially, for new full-optical wireless communications. We analyze the performance of the proposed pulse in terms of peak-to-average optical power ratio （PAOPR） and bit error rate （BER）. During the analysis, we compare the proposed pulse shape against conventional rectangular and Gaussian pulse shapes with reduced duty cycle. Results show the noticeable superiority of the proposed pulse for atmospheric optical links.展开更多
To enhance the accuracy of 2πα and 2πβ particle surface emission rate measurements and address the identification issues of nuclides in conventional methods, this study introduces two artificial neural network(ANN...To enhance the accuracy of 2πα and 2πβ particle surface emission rate measurements and address the identification issues of nuclides in conventional methods, this study introduces two artificial neural network(ANN) algorithms: back-propagation(BP) and genetic algorithm-based back-propagation(GA-BP). These algorithms classify pulse signals from distinct α and β particles. Their discrimination efficacy is assessed by simulating standard pulse signals and those produced by contaminated sources, mixing α and β particles within the detector. This study initially showcases energy spectrum measurement outcomes, subsequently tests the ANNs on the measurement and validation datasets, and contrasts the pulse shape discrimination efficacy of both algorithms. Experimental findings reveal that the proportional counter's energy resolution is not ideal, thus rendering energy analysis insufficient for distinguishing between 2πα and 2πβ particles. The BP neural network realizes approximately 99% accuracy for 2πα particles and approximately 95% for 2πβ particles, thus surpassing the GA-BP's performance. Additionally, the results suggest enhancing β particle discrimination accuracy by increasing the digital acquisition card's threshold lower limit. This study offers an advanced solution for the 2πα and 2πβ surface emission rate measurement method, presenting superior adaptability and scalability over conventional techniques.展开更多
The neutron flux monitor （NFM）, as a significant diagnostic system in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor （ITER）, will play an important role in the readings of a series of key parameters in the f...The neutron flux monitor （NFM）, as a significant diagnostic system in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor （ITER）, will play an important role in the readings of a series of key parameters in the fusion reaction process. As the core of the main electronic system of the NFM, the neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination （n-γ PSD） can distinguish the neutron pulse from the gamma pulse and other disturbing pulses according to the thresholds of the rising time and the amplitude pre-installed on the board, the double timing point CFD method is used to get the rising time of the pulse. The n-γ PSD can provide an accurate neutron count.展开更多
We propose and demonstrate a silicon-on-insulator （SOI） on-chip optical pulse shaper based on four-tap finite impulse response. Due to different width designs in phase region of each tap, the phase differences for a...We propose and demonstrate a silicon-on-insulator （SOI） on-chip optical pulse shaper based on four-tap finite impulse response. Due to different width designs in phase region of each tap, the phase differences for all taps are controlled by an external thermal source, resulting in an optical pulse shaper. We further demonstrate optical arbitrary waveform generation based on the optical pulse shaper assisted by an optical frequency comb injection. Four different optical waveforms are generated when setting the central wavelengths at 1533.78 nm and 1547.1 nm and setting the thermal source temperatures at 23 ℃ and 33 ℃, respectively. Our scheme has distinct advantages of compactness, capability for integrating with electronics since the integrated silicon waveguide is employed.展开更多
Integrated optical pulse shaper opens up possibilities for realizing the ultra high-speed and ultra wide-band linear signal processing with compact size and low power consumption. We propose a silicon monolithic integ...Integrated optical pulse shaper opens up possibilities for realizing the ultra high-speed and ultra wide-band linear signal processing with compact size and low power consumption. We propose a silicon monolithic integrated optical pulse shaper using optical gradient force, which is based on the eight-path finite impulse response. A cantilever structure is fabricated in one arm of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer（MZI） to act as an amplitude modulator. The phase shift feature of waveguide is analyzed with the optical pump power, and five typical waveforms are demonstrated with the manipulation of optical force. Unlike other pulse shaper schemes based on thermo–optic effect or electro–optic effect, our scheme is based on a new degree of freedom manipulation, i.e., optical force, so no microelectrodes are required on the silicon chip,which can reduce the complexity of fabrication. Besides, the chip structure is suitable for commercial silicon on an insulator（SOI） wafer, which has a top silicon layer of about 220 nm in thickness.展开更多
The NEutron Detector Array(NEDA)is designed to be coupled to gamma-ray spectrometers to enhance the sensitivity of the setup by enabling reaction channel selection through counting of the evaporated neutrons.This arti...The NEutron Detector Array(NEDA)is designed to be coupled to gamma-ray spectrometers to enhance the sensitivity of the setup by enabling reaction channel selection through counting of the evaporated neutrons.This article presents the implementation of a double trigger condition system for NEDA,which improves the acquisition of neutrons and reduces the number of gamma rays acquired.Two independent triggers are generated in the double trigger condition system:one based on charge comparison(CC)and the other on time-of-flight(TOF).These triggers can be combined using OR and AND logic,offering four distinct trigger modes.The developed firmware is added to the previous one in the Virtex 6 field programmable gate array(FPGA)present in the system,which also includes signal processing,baseline correction,and various trigger logic blocks.The performance of the trigger system is evaluated using data from the E703 experiment performed at GANIL.The four trigger modes are applied to the same data,and a subsequent offline analysis is performed.It is shown that most of the detected neutrons are preserved with the AND mode,and the total number of gamma rays is significantly reduced.Compared with the CC trigger mode,the OR trigger mode allows increasing the selection of neutrons.In addition,it is demonstrated that if the OR mode is selected,the online CC trigger threshold can be raised without losing neutrons.展开更多
Pulse pile-up is a problem in nuclear spectroscopy and nuclear reaction studies that occurs when two pulses overlap and distort each other,degrading the quality of energy and timing information.Different methods have ...Pulse pile-up is a problem in nuclear spectroscopy and nuclear reaction studies that occurs when two pulses overlap and distort each other,degrading the quality of energy and timing information.Different methods have been used for pile-up rejection,both digital and analogue,but some pile-up events may contain pulses of interest and need to be reconstructed.The paper proposes a new method for reconstructing pile-up events acquired with a neutron detector array(NEDA)using an one-dimensional convolutional autoencoder(1D-CAE).The datasets for training and testing the 1D-CAE are created from data acquired from the NEDA.The new pile-up signal reconstruction method is evaluated from the point of view of how similar the reconstructed signals are to the original ones.Furthermore,it is analysed considering the result of the neutron-gamma discrimination based on charge comparison,comparing the result obtained from original and reconstructed signals.展开更多
A train of three equally spaced femtosecond laser pulses is employed to control the photoionization/photodissociation processes of cyclopentanone. With the increase of pulse separation, a strong modulation of product ...A train of three equally spaced femtosecond laser pulses is employed to control the photoionization/photodissociation processes of cyclopentanone. With the increase of pulse separation, a strong modulation of product ion yield is observed. More than ten-fold changes of ion yield ratio between different products can be realized. The experimental observations further explain the compositions and formation pathways of peaks in the mass spectra. The controlling mechanisms are also discussed.展开更多
In this study,the anti-noise performance of a pulse-coupled neural network(PCNN)was investigated in the neutron and gamma-ray(n-γ)discrimination field.The experiments were conducted in two groups.In the first group,r...In this study,the anti-noise performance of a pulse-coupled neural network(PCNN)was investigated in the neutron and gamma-ray(n-γ)discrimination field.The experiments were conducted in two groups.In the first group,radiation pulse signals were pre-processed using a Fourier filter to reduce the original noise in the signals,whereas in the second group,the original noise was left untouched to simulate an extremely high-noise scenario.For each part,artificial Gaussian noise with different intensity levels was added to the signals prior to the discrimination process.In the aforementioned conditions,the performance of the PCNN was evaluated and compared with five other commonly used methods of n-γdiscrimination:(1)zero crossing,(2)charge comparison,(3)vector projection,(4)falling edge percentage slope,and(5)frequency gradient analysis.The experimental results showed that the PCNN method significantly outperforms other methods with outstanding FoM-value at all noise levels.Furthermore,the fluctuations in FoM-value of PCNN were significantly better than those obtained via other methods at most noise levels and only slightly worse than those obtained via the charge comparison and zerocrossing methods under extreme noise conditions.Additionally,the changing patterns and fluctuations of the FoMvalue were evaluated under different noise conditions.Hence,based on the results,the parameter selection strategy of the PCNN was presented.In conclusion,the PCNN method is suitable for use in high-noise application scenarios for n-γdiscrimination because of its stability and remarkable discrimination performance.It does not rely on strict parameter settings and can realize satisfactory performance over a wide parameter range.展开更多
This paper describes the generation of shaped femtosecond multiple pulses by using the phase-only Dammann filters in 4f femtosecond shaper and gives the experimental result of femtosecond pulse characterization by the...This paper describes the generation of shaped femtosecond multiple pulses by using the phase-only Dammann filters in 4f femtosecond shaper and gives the experimental result of femtosecond pulse characterization by the frequency- resolved optical gating （FROG） technique. With the theoretical simulation, it concludes that the quality of the generated output array is relevant to the number of pixels and the spacing between the components.展开更多
In this study we experimentally reveal that the phase change mechanism can be selectively triggered by shaping femtosecond pulse trains based on electron dynamics control （EDC）, including manipulation of excitations...In this study we experimentally reveal that the phase change mechanism can be selectively triggered by shaping femtosecond pulse trains based on electron dynamics control （EDC）, including manipulation of excitations, ionizations, densities, and temperatures of electrons. By designing the pulse energy distribution to adjust the absorptions, excitations, ionizations, and recombinations of electrons, the dominant phase change mechanism experiences transition from nonthermal to thermal process. This phenomenon is observed in quadruple, triple, and double pulses per train ablation of fused silica separately. This opens up possibilities for controlling phase change mechanisms by EDC, which is of great significance in laser processing of dielectrics and fabrication of integrated nano- and micro-optical devices.展开更多
The up-conversion luminescence tuning of rare-earth ions is an important research topic for understanding luminescence mechanisms and promoting related applications. In this paper, we experimentally study the up-conve...The up-conversion luminescence tuning of rare-earth ions is an important research topic for understanding luminescence mechanisms and promoting related applications. In this paper, we experimentally study the up-conversion luminescence tuning of Er3+-doped ceramic glass excited by the unshaped, V-shaped and cosine-shaped femtosecond laser field with different laser powers. The results show that green and red up-conversion luminescence can be effectively tuned by varying the power or spectral phase of the femtosecond laser field. We further analyze the up-conversion luminescence tuning mechanism by considering different excitation processes, including single-photon absorption(SPA), two-photon absorption(TPA), excited state absorption(ESA), and energy transfer up-conversion(ETU). The relative weight of TPA in the whole excitation process can increase with the increase of the laser power, thereby enhancing the intensity ratio between green and red luminescence(I547/I656). However, the second ETU(ETU2) process can generate red luminescence and reduce the green and red luminescence intensity ratio I547/I656, while the third ESA(ESA3) process can produce green luminescence and enhance its control efficiency. Moreover, the up-conversion luminescence tuning mechanism is further validated by observing the up-conversion luminescence intensity, depending on the laser power and the down-conversion luminescence spectrum under the excitation of 400-nm femtosecond laser pulse. These studies can present a clear physical picture that enables us to understand the up-conversion luminescence tuning mechanism in rare-earth ions, and can also provide an opportunity to tune up-conversion luminescence to promote its related applications.展开更多
Femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering （CARS） suffers from poor selectivity between neighbouring Raman levels due to the large bandwidth of the femtosecond pulses. This paper provides a new method to real...Femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering （CARS） suffers from poor selectivity between neighbouring Raman levels due to the large bandwidth of the femtosecond pulses. This paper provides a new method to realize the selective excitation and suppression of femtosecond CARS by manipulating both the probe and pump （or Stokes） spectra. These theoretical results indicate that the CARS signals between neighbouring Raman levels are differentiated from their indistinguishable femtosecond CARS spectra by tailoring the probe spectrum, and then their selective excitation and suppression can be realized by supplementally manipulating the pump （or Stokes） spectrum with the π spectral phase step.展开更多
Two new kinds of ultra-narrow trigger frequency alterable picosecond pulse generator are presented.One can produce positive pulses and the other can produce negative pulses.The two pulse generators are subdivided into...Two new kinds of ultra-narrow trigger frequency alterable picosecond pulse generator are presented.One can produce positive pulses and the other can produce negative pulses.The two pulse generators are subdivided into three parts:signal driving circuit,differentiator network and pulse shaping circuit.The pulse shaping circuit is made of step recovery diode(SRD) and short-circuit microstrip line.A positive pulse with width of 54 ps(50%-50%),rising time of 30 ps(10%-90%) and falling time of 32 ps(90%-10%),and a negative pulse with width of 54 ps(50%-50%),rising time of 30 ps(90%-10%) and falling time of 30 ps(10%-90%) are achieved in simulation.All of the components are ready-made and inexpensive.They can be applied in ultra-wideband(UWB) communication system,such as transmitters and receivers.展开更多
The angular distribution of CH3I is investigated experimentally using a single Fourier transform-limited laser pulse and a pulse train, where a 90-fs 800-nm linearly polarized laser field with a moderate intensity of ...The angular distribution of CH3I is investigated experimentally using a single Fourier transform-limited laser pulse and a pulse train, where a 90-fs 800-nm linearly polarized laser field with a moderate intensity of 2.8 × 10^13 W/cm2 is used. The dynamic alignment is demonstrated in a single pulse experiment. Moreover, a pulse train is used to optimize the molecular alignment, and the alignment degree is almost identical to that with the single pulse. The results are analysed by using chirped femtosecond laser pulses, and it demonstrates that the structure of pulse train rather than its effective duration is crucial to the molecular alignment.展开更多
The Na I:Tl scintillator is an innovative material for dual-gamma-ray and neutron detection with a low ^(6)Li concentration.To achieve real-time n/γ discrimination,a zero-crossing time comparison algorithm based on t...The Na I:Tl scintillator is an innovative material for dual-gamma-ray and neutron detection with a low ^(6)Li concentration.To achieve real-time n/γ discrimination,a zero-crossing time comparison algorithm based on trapezoidal pulse shaping was developed.The algorithm can operate efficiently at low sampling rates and was implemented on a single-probe portable digital n/γ discriminator based on a field-programmable gate array.The discriminator and Na I:Tl,^(6)Li detector were tested in a neutron-gamma mixed field produced by an ^(241)Am-Be neutron source to evaluate the performance of the algorithm.The figure of merits was measured as 2.88 at a sampling rate of 50 MHz,indicating that the discriminator with its embedded algorithm has a promising n/γ discrimination capability.Efficient discrimination at sampling rates of 40 and 25 MHz demonstrates that the capability of this method is not limited by low sampling rates.展开更多
Based on the transfer matrix method,a detailed theoretical and numerical study on double-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating(FBG)is investigated.Temporal responses of the double-phase-shifted FBG to optical pulse are an...Based on the transfer matrix method,a detailed theoretical and numerical study on double-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating(FBG)is investigated.Temporal responses of the double-phase-shifted FBG to optical pulse are analyzed and the influence of the two phase-shifts’position on the reflected output pulse is evaluated.Results demonstrate that very different temporal pulse waveforms can be achieved by adjusting the length ratio(α=L2/L1).Specifically,a transform-limited Gaussian input optical pulse can be shaped into flat-top square pulse(α=1.81)or two identical optical pulse sequences(α=1.93).展开更多
Artificial Neural Network (ANN) equalizers have been successfully applied to mitigate Inter symbolic Interference (ISI) due to distortions introduced by linear or nonlinear communication channels. The ANN architecture...Artificial Neural Network (ANN) equalizers have been successfully applied to mitigate Inter symbolic Interference (ISI) due to distortions introduced by linear or nonlinear communication channels. The ANN architecture is chosen according to the type of ISI produced by fixed, fast or slow fading channels. In this work, we propose a combination of two techniques in order to minimize ISI yield by fast fading channels, i.e., pulse shape filtering and ANN equalizer. Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used to update the synaptic weights of an ANN comprise only by two recurrent perceptrons. The proposed system outperformed more complex structures such as those based on Kalman filtering approach.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12027813)the fund of National Innovation Center of Radiation Application of China(Nos.KFZC2020020501,KFZC2021010101).
文摘Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)is an optically transparent thermoplastic with favorable processing conditions.In this study,a series of plastic scintillators are prepared via thermal polymerization,and the impact of PMMA content on their transparency and pulse shape discrimination(PSD)ability is investigated.The fabricated samples,comprising a polystyrene(PS)-PMMA matrix,30.0 wt%2,5-diphenyloxazole(PPO),and 0.2 wt%9,10-diphenylanthracene(DPA),exhibit high transparency with transmissivity ranging from 70.0 to 90.0%(above 415.0 nm)and demonstrate excellent n/γdiscrimination capability.Transparency increased with increasing PMMA content across the entire visible light spectrum.However,the PSD performance gradually deteriorated when the aromatic matrix was replaced with PMMA.The scintillator containing 20.0 wt%PMMA demonstrated the best stability concerning PSD properties and relative light yields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12205370,62204198,12305205,and 12105230)Young Talents Promotion Program of Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Association(No.20220514)。
文摘Doping with Ga effectively enhances the crystal quality and optical detection efficiency of zinc oxide(Zn O)single crystals,which has attracted considerable research interest in radiation detection.The application of Zn O:Ga(GZO)in nuclear energy is particularly significant and fascinating at the fundamental level,enabling neutron/gamma discrimination while preserving the response time properties of the single crystal in sub-nanoseconds,maximizing the effective counting rate of the pulsed radiation field.In this study,the single-particle waveform discrimination characteristics of GZO were evaluated for five charged particles(α,β,H^(+),Li^(+),and O^(8+)and two prevalent uncharged particles(neutrons and gamma rays).Based on the timecorrelation single-photon counting(TCSPC)method,the luminescence decay time constants of the charged particles in the GZO crystal were determined as follows:1.21 ns for H^(+),1.50 ns for Li^(+),1.70 ns for O^(8+),1.56 ns forαparticles,and 1.09 ns forβparticles.Visible differences in the excitation time spectra curves were observed.Using the conventional time-domain or frequency-domain waveform discrimination techniques,waveform discrimination of 14.9 Me V neutrons and secondary gamma rays generated by the CPNG-6 device based on GZO scintillation was successfully implemented.The neutron signal constituted 77.93%of the total,indicating that GZO exhibited superior neutron/gamma discrimination sensitivity compared with that of a commercial stilbene crystal.Using the neutron/gamma screening outcomes,we reconstructed the voltage pulse height,charge height,and neutron multiplication time spectra of the pulsed neutron radiation field.The reconstructed neutron multiplication time spectrum exhibited a deviation of less than 3%relative to the result obtained using a commercial stilbene scintillator.This is the first report in the open literature on the neutron/gamma discrimination and reconstruction of Zn O pulsed radiation-field information.
基金supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) under Grant No.TEC2008-06598
文摘We propose the use of a power pulse shape of the widely known optical soliton, corresponding to the hyperbolic secant square function, for both conventional atmospheric optical communication systems and, especially, for new full-optical wireless communications. We analyze the performance of the proposed pulse in terms of peak-to-average optical power ratio （PAOPR） and bit error rate （BER）. During the analysis, we compare the proposed pulse shape against conventional rectangular and Gaussian pulse shapes with reduced duty cycle. Results show the noticeable superiority of the proposed pulse for atmospheric optical links.
文摘To enhance the accuracy of 2πα and 2πβ particle surface emission rate measurements and address the identification issues of nuclides in conventional methods, this study introduces two artificial neural network(ANN) algorithms: back-propagation(BP) and genetic algorithm-based back-propagation(GA-BP). These algorithms classify pulse signals from distinct α and β particles. Their discrimination efficacy is assessed by simulating standard pulse signals and those produced by contaminated sources, mixing α and β particles within the detector. This study initially showcases energy spectrum measurement outcomes, subsequently tests the ANNs on the measurement and validation datasets, and contrasts the pulse shape discrimination efficacy of both algorithms. Experimental findings reveal that the proportional counter's energy resolution is not ideal, thus rendering energy analysis insufficient for distinguishing between 2πα and 2πβ particles. The BP neural network realizes approximately 99% accuracy for 2πα particles and approximately 95% for 2πβ particles, thus surpassing the GA-BP's performance. Additionally, the results suggest enhancing β particle discrimination accuracy by increasing the digital acquisition card's threshold lower limit. This study offers an advanced solution for the 2πα and 2πβ surface emission rate measurement method, presenting superior adaptability and scalability over conventional techniques.
基金supported by State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection & Electronics and ITER Plan National Major Project of China (No.2008GB109000)
文摘The neutron flux monitor （NFM）, as a significant diagnostic system in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor （ITER）, will play an important role in the readings of a series of key parameters in the fusion reaction process. As the core of the main electronic system of the NFM, the neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination （n-γ PSD） can distinguish the neutron pulse from the gamma pulse and other disturbing pulses according to the thresholds of the rising time and the amplitude pre-installed on the board, the double timing point CFD method is used to get the rising time of the pulse. The n-γ PSD can provide an accurate neutron count.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB301704)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Ministryof Education of China(Grant No.NCET-11-0168)+1 种基金the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(Grant No.201139)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.60901006 and 11174096)
文摘We propose and demonstrate a silicon-on-insulator （SOI） on-chip optical pulse shaper based on four-tap finite impulse response. Due to different width designs in phase region of each tap, the phase differences for all taps are controlled by an external thermal source, resulting in an optical pulse shaper. We further demonstrate optical arbitrary waveform generation based on the optical pulse shaper assisted by an optical frequency comb injection. Four different optical waveforms are generated when setting the central wavelengths at 1533.78 nm and 1547.1 nm and setting the thermal source temperatures at 23 ℃ and 33 ℃, respectively. Our scheme has distinct advantages of compactness, capability for integrating with electronics since the integrated silicon waveguide is employed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.60901006 and 11174096)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB301704)+1 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.NCET-11-0168)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(Grant No.201139)
文摘Integrated optical pulse shaper opens up possibilities for realizing the ultra high-speed and ultra wide-band linear signal processing with compact size and low power consumption. We propose a silicon monolithic integrated optical pulse shaper using optical gradient force, which is based on the eight-path finite impulse response. A cantilever structure is fabricated in one arm of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer（MZI） to act as an amplitude modulator. The phase shift feature of waveguide is analyzed with the optical pump power, and five typical waveforms are demonstrated with the manipulation of optical force. Unlike other pulse shaper schemes based on thermo–optic effect or electro–optic effect, our scheme is based on a new degree of freedom manipulation, i.e., optical force, so no microelectrodes are required on the silicon chip,which can reduce the complexity of fabrication. Besides, the chip structure is suitable for commercial silicon on an insulator（SOI） wafer, which has a top silicon layer of about 220 nm in thickness.
基金supported by MICIU MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033Spain with Grant PID2020-118265GB-C42,-C44,PRTR-C17.I01Generalitat Valenciana,Spain with Grant CIPROM/2022/54,ASFAE/2022/031,CIAPOS/2021/114 and by the EU NextGenerationEU,ESF funds.This work was also supported by the National Science Centre(NCN),Poland(Grant No.2020/39/D/ST2/00466).
文摘The NEutron Detector Array(NEDA)is designed to be coupled to gamma-ray spectrometers to enhance the sensitivity of the setup by enabling reaction channel selection through counting of the evaporated neutrons.This article presents the implementation of a double trigger condition system for NEDA,which improves the acquisition of neutrons and reduces the number of gamma rays acquired.Two independent triggers are generated in the double trigger condition system:one based on charge comparison(CC)and the other on time-of-flight(TOF).These triggers can be combined using OR and AND logic,offering four distinct trigger modes.The developed firmware is added to the previous one in the Virtex 6 field programmable gate array(FPGA)present in the system,which also includes signal processing,baseline correction,and various trigger logic blocks.The performance of the trigger system is evaluated using data from the E703 experiment performed at GANIL.The four trigger modes are applied to the same data,and a subsequent offline analysis is performed.It is shown that most of the detected neutrons are preserved with the AND mode,and the total number of gamma rays is significantly reduced.Compared with the CC trigger mode,the OR trigger mode allows increasing the selection of neutrons.In addition,it is demonstrated that if the OR mode is selected,the online CC trigger threshold can be raised without losing neutrons.
基金partially supported by MICIU MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033Spain with grant PID2020-118265GB-C42,-C44,PRTR-C17.I01+1 种基金Generalitat Valenciana,Spain with grant CIPROM/2022/54,ASFAE/2022/031,CIAPOS/2021/114the EU NextGenerationEU,ESF funds,and the National Science Centre (NCN),Poland (grant No.2020/39/D/ST2/00466)
文摘Pulse pile-up is a problem in nuclear spectroscopy and nuclear reaction studies that occurs when two pulses overlap and distort each other,degrading the quality of energy and timing information.Different methods have been used for pile-up rejection,both digital and analogue,but some pile-up events may contain pulses of interest and need to be reconstructed.The paper proposes a new method for reconstructing pile-up events acquired with a neutron detector array(NEDA)using an one-dimensional convolutional autoencoder(1D-CAE).The datasets for training and testing the 1D-CAE are created from data acquired from the NEDA.The new pile-up signal reconstruction method is evaluated from the point of view of how similar the reconstructed signals are to the original ones.Furthermore,it is analysed considering the result of the neutron-gamma discrimination based on charge comparison,comparing the result obtained from original and reconstructed signals.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No.2013CB922200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,(Grant Nos.10774056 and 10974070)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (Grant No.200903371)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China (Grant No.20100061110045)
文摘A train of three equally spaced femtosecond laser pulses is employed to control the photoionization/photodissociation processes of cyclopentanone. With the increase of pulse separation, a strong modulation of product ion yield is observed. More than ten-fold changes of ion yield ratio between different products can be realized. The experimental observations further explain the compositions and formation pathways of peaks in the mass spectra. The controlling mechanisms are also discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.4210040255,U19A2086)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021JDRC0108)。
文摘In this study,the anti-noise performance of a pulse-coupled neural network(PCNN)was investigated in the neutron and gamma-ray(n-γ)discrimination field.The experiments were conducted in two groups.In the first group,radiation pulse signals were pre-processed using a Fourier filter to reduce the original noise in the signals,whereas in the second group,the original noise was left untouched to simulate an extremely high-noise scenario.For each part,artificial Gaussian noise with different intensity levels was added to the signals prior to the discrimination process.In the aforementioned conditions,the performance of the PCNN was evaluated and compared with five other commonly used methods of n-γdiscrimination:(1)zero crossing,(2)charge comparison,(3)vector projection,(4)falling edge percentage slope,and(5)frequency gradient analysis.The experimental results showed that the PCNN method significantly outperforms other methods with outstanding FoM-value at all noise levels.Furthermore,the fluctuations in FoM-value of PCNN were significantly better than those obtained via other methods at most noise levels and only slightly worse than those obtained via the charge comparison and zerocrossing methods under extreme noise conditions.Additionally,the changing patterns and fluctuations of the FoMvalue were evaluated under different noise conditions.Hence,based on the results,the parameter selection strategy of the PCNN was presented.In conclusion,the PCNN method is suitable for use in high-noise application scenarios for n-γdiscrimination because of its stability and remarkable discrimination performance.It does not rely on strict parameter settings and can realize satisfactory performance over a wide parameter range.
文摘This paper describes the generation of shaped femtosecond multiple pulses by using the phase-only Dammann filters in 4f femtosecond shaper and gives the experimental result of femtosecond pulse characterization by the frequency- resolved optical gating （FROG） technique. With the theoretical simulation, it concludes that the quality of the generated output array is relevant to the number of pixels and the spacing between the components.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB013000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 90923039 and 51025521)
文摘In this study we experimentally reveal that the phase change mechanism can be selectively triggered by shaping femtosecond pulse trains based on electron dynamics control （EDC）, including manipulation of excitations, ionizations, densities, and temperatures of electrons. By designing the pulse energy distribution to adjust the absorptions, excitations, ionizations, and recombinations of electrons, the dominant phase change mechanism experiences transition from nonthermal to thermal process. This phenomenon is observed in quadruple, triple, and double pulses per train ablation of fused silica separately. This opens up possibilities for controlling phase change mechanisms by EDC, which is of great significance in laser processing of dielectrics and fabrication of integrated nano- and micro-optical devices.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51132004,11474096,11604199,U1704145,and 11747101)the Fund from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(Grant No.14JC1401500)+1 种基金the Henan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.182102210117)the Higher Educational Key Program of Henan Province of China(Gant Nos.17A140025 and 16A140030)
文摘The up-conversion luminescence tuning of rare-earth ions is an important research topic for understanding luminescence mechanisms and promoting related applications. In this paper, we experimentally study the up-conversion luminescence tuning of Er3+-doped ceramic glass excited by the unshaped, V-shaped and cosine-shaped femtosecond laser field with different laser powers. The results show that green and red up-conversion luminescence can be effectively tuned by varying the power or spectral phase of the femtosecond laser field. We further analyze the up-conversion luminescence tuning mechanism by considering different excitation processes, including single-photon absorption(SPA), two-photon absorption(TPA), excited state absorption(ESA), and energy transfer up-conversion(ETU). The relative weight of TPA in the whole excitation process can increase with the increase of the laser power, thereby enhancing the intensity ratio between green and red luminescence(I547/I656). However, the second ETU(ETU2) process can generate red luminescence and reduce the green and red luminescence intensity ratio I547/I656, while the third ESA(ESA3) process can produce green luminescence and enhance its control efficiency. Moreover, the up-conversion luminescence tuning mechanism is further validated by observing the up-conversion luminescence intensity, depending on the laser power and the down-conversion luminescence spectrum under the excitation of 400-nm femtosecond laser pulse. These studies can present a clear physical picture that enables us to understand the up-conversion luminescence tuning mechanism in rare-earth ions, and can also provide an opportunity to tune up-conversion luminescence to promote its related applications.
基金Project supported by Programme for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Grant No.B408)+3 种基金National Key Project for Basic Research of China(Grant Nos.2006CB806006 and 2006CB921105)Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.30800)Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.09ZR1409300)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.07DZ22025)
文摘Femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering （CARS） suffers from poor selectivity between neighbouring Raman levels due to the large bandwidth of the femtosecond pulses. This paper provides a new method to realize the selective excitation and suppression of femtosecond CARS by manipulating both the probe and pump （or Stokes） spectra. These theoretical results indicate that the CARS signals between neighbouring Raman levels are differentiated from their indistinguishable femtosecond CARS spectra by tailoring the probe spectrum, and then their selective excitation and suppression can be realized by supplementally manipulating the pump （or Stokes） spectrum with the π spectral phase step.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60970058)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.SBK200930425)+1 种基金the fund of the State Key Laboratory of Millimetre Waves of Southeast Universitythe Student Research Training Program (SRTP) of Southeast University
文摘Two new kinds of ultra-narrow trigger frequency alterable picosecond pulse generator are presented.One can produce positive pulses and the other can produce negative pulses.The two pulse generators are subdivided into three parts:signal driving circuit,differentiator network and pulse shaping circuit.The pulse shaping circuit is made of step recovery diode(SRD) and short-circuit microstrip line.A positive pulse with width of 54 ps(50%-50%),rising time of 30 ps(10%-90%) and falling time of 32 ps(90%-10%),and a negative pulse with width of 54 ps(50%-50%),rising time of 30 ps(90%-10%) and falling time of 30 ps(10%-90%) are achieved in simulation.All of the components are ready-made and inexpensive.They can be applied in ultra-wideband(UWB) communication system,such as transmitters and receivers.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10774056 and 10974070)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. 200903371)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education, China (Grant No. 20100061110045)
文摘The angular distribution of CH3I is investigated experimentally using a single Fourier transform-limited laser pulse and a pulse train, where a 90-fs 800-nm linearly polarized laser field with a moderate intensity of 2.8 × 10^13 W/cm2 is used. The dynamic alignment is demonstrated in a single pulse experiment. Moreover, a pulse train is used to optimize the molecular alignment, and the alignment degree is almost identical to that with the single pulse. The results are analysed by using chirped femtosecond laser pulses, and it demonstrates that the structure of pulse train rather than its effective duration is crucial to the molecular alignment.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.12075308).
文摘The Na I:Tl scintillator is an innovative material for dual-gamma-ray and neutron detection with a low ^(6)Li concentration.To achieve real-time n/γ discrimination,a zero-crossing time comparison algorithm based on trapezoidal pulse shaping was developed.The algorithm can operate efficiently at low sampling rates and was implemented on a single-probe portable digital n/γ discriminator based on a field-programmable gate array.The discriminator and Na I:Tl,^(6)Li detector were tested in a neutron-gamma mixed field produced by an ^(241)Am-Be neutron source to evaluate the performance of the algorithm.The figure of merits was measured as 2.88 at a sampling rate of 50 MHz,indicating that the discriminator with its embedded algorithm has a promising n/γ discrimination capability.Efficient discrimination at sampling rates of 40 and 25 MHz demonstrates that the capability of this method is not limited by low sampling rates.
基金supported by the Foundation of Beijing Municipal Committee of CPC Organization Department(No.2012D005002000001)the Talents of North China University of Technology(No.CCXZ201307)the Importation and Development of High-Caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions(No.CIT&TCD201304001)
文摘Based on the transfer matrix method,a detailed theoretical and numerical study on double-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating(FBG)is investigated.Temporal responses of the double-phase-shifted FBG to optical pulse are analyzed and the influence of the two phase-shifts’position on the reflected output pulse is evaluated.Results demonstrate that very different temporal pulse waveforms can be achieved by adjusting the length ratio(α=L2/L1).Specifically,a transform-limited Gaussian input optical pulse can be shaped into flat-top square pulse(α=1.81)or two identical optical pulse sequences(α=1.93).
文摘Artificial Neural Network (ANN) equalizers have been successfully applied to mitigate Inter symbolic Interference (ISI) due to distortions introduced by linear or nonlinear communication channels. The ANN architecture is chosen according to the type of ISI produced by fixed, fast or slow fading channels. In this work, we propose a combination of two techniques in order to minimize ISI yield by fast fading channels, i.e., pulse shape filtering and ANN equalizer. Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used to update the synaptic weights of an ANN comprise only by two recurrent perceptrons. The proposed system outperformed more complex structures such as those based on Kalman filtering approach.
