The most enduring clichéabout Shakespeare is that he is timeless and universal,although the first claim is unprovable and the second all too easily disproved.Nevertheless,the extraordinary global popularity and s...The most enduring clichéabout Shakespeare is that he is timeless and universal,although the first claim is unprovable and the second all too easily disproved.Nevertheless,the extraordinary global popularity and significance that he has attained is remarkable.So even if we can dismiss the implausible hyperbole of Shakespeare’s universality and timelessness,there still is something that demands explanation.Why do all those who do care about Shakespeare care(and there are,one must admit,a remarkable number of them)?What is it that they care about?展开更多
By using echoes in some sonnets to lines in certain plays, emphasizing those echoes which were not later repeated, and by applying dates to those plays, in 1926 Elizabeth Beckwith tentatively dated a third of the 154 ...By using echoes in some sonnets to lines in certain plays, emphasizing those echoes which were not later repeated, and by applying dates to those plays, in 1926 Elizabeth Beckwith tentatively dated a third of the 154 in the entire sonnets cycle. Her belief was that an unintentional authorial pattern of usage would be less subjective than other approaches to dating the sonnets. Yet, by use of dates from external allusions later applied by Prof. Leslie Hotson and other scholars, this author suggests that it may be possible to extend the total number of datable sonnets to over half of the cycle. However, Beckwith did not use dates for the plays which were later to become a standard dating scheme accepted by most scholars today, and so adjustments of her dates would change the dates she awarded to many of her selected sonnets. This author suggests that even the standard dating scheme is flawed, particularly if Shakespeare was dead when the Sonnets were published in 1609. He suggests another dating regime that meshes quite well with both Beckwith＇s 52 and an additional 27. Thus, the result for the 79 sonnets is to avoid certain problems in the distribution that Beckwith＇s method generated. The net result is what Beckwith termed ＂a skeleton around which the remaining sonnets can be safely built＂, but for over half rather than only a third of the cycle. This author suggests a half＂skeleton＂ is more indicative of the chronology for the whole sonnets cycle than only a third.展开更多
Applying the theory of adaptation, Feminism, and Performance Studies, this paper explores the adaptation, inter-textuality, and gender in the three films The Tempest （2010） directed by Julie Taymor, Prospero＇s Boo...Applying the theory of adaptation, Feminism, and Performance Studies, this paper explores the adaptation, inter-textuality, and gender in the three films The Tempest （2010） directed by Julie Taymor, Prospero＇s Books （1991） directed by Peter Greenaway, and Shakespeare in Love （1998） directed by John Madden, referenced to Gnomeo and Juliet （2011）, a cartoon animation. Both films of The Tempest show visual spectacle and technology images by CGI （Computer-Generated Cinematic Graphic Image） effect. The author argues the power struggle between Caliban and Prospero played by actress Helen Mirren, changes from post-colonial discourse in the male domain, to be more about the intellect contest between man and woman, and Taymor＇s adaptation is more focused on maternity than actor John Gielgud＇s on politics. Inter-textuality exists in Shakespeare in Love and Shakespeare＇s Romeo and Juliet, and Twelfth Night. Unlike the tragedy in the films, Gnomeo and Juliet ends happily as we can expect from most musicals and fairy tales. The inter-textuality of literature and art, dramatic plays, historical events, and biographical sketches are delicately intertwined. Media represent Shakespeare applied by Jean Baudrillard＇s ＂simulacra＂ and Richard Schechner＇s ＂simulation＂ to present the liminal threshold between reality, role-playing, and theatricality. Shakespeare represented by media rise to visual narratives.展开更多
King Lear is considered to be Shakespeare's greatest tragedy.Using analysis of the play and the contemporary politics of Jacobe an time,this paper examines how this play serves its traditional role as a"mirro...King Lear is considered to be Shakespeare's greatest tragedy.Using analysis of the play and the contemporary politics of Jacobe an time,this paper examines how this play serves its traditional role as a"mirror for princess"play and how a broader dimension provided by a Christianized natural law is available for the exploration of possibilities of human experiences.展开更多
Shakespeare and Ben Jonson have frequently been paired up for comparison in studies of early modern English drama.Conventional views about Shakespeare’s and Jonson’s comedies evolved and crystallized in the seventee...Shakespeare and Ben Jonson have frequently been paired up for comparison in studies of early modern English drama.Conventional views about Shakespeare’s and Jonson’s comedies evolved and crystallized in the seventeenth,eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.People believed or were led to believe that Shakespeare’s and Jonson’s comedies were in clear opposition:Shakespeare’s comedies were sweet,romantic,amiable,popular and entertaining,whereas Jonson’s were based on an abstract theory of humors,cold,satiric,pedantic,and moralizing.Only in the last century did these oppositions begin to change,but too slowly.This paper calls those binary oppositions into question.It tries to present a more truthful picture of these two playwrights and their comedies through an examination of some of their works.It argues that some of those oppositions are stereotypes and should not be taken seriously by contemporary Shakespearean and Jonsonian scholars.展开更多
Thousands of years ago,the Jews were forced to leave their homeland and began to live an exiled life and gradually melted into other neighboring peoples.However,they were not welcomed by others.For thousands of years,...Thousands of years ago,the Jews were forced to leave their homeland and began to live an exiled life and gradually melted into other neighboring peoples.However,they were not welcomed by others.For thousands of years,Jews' "Bible" has become a source of literary and artistic creation,but the image of Jews were excluded from the literary and artistic creation,even if there were some occasions,they were but described as autistic Misers or loan shark.Shakespeare is one of the most outstanding writers;he described many people from all walks of life in his works,the Jews,also included.Based on the corpus of Shakespeare's works,we can see that most adjectives used by Shakespeare to modify the word "Jew"are derogative words.Therefore,we can prove that anti-Semitism does exist in Shakespeare's works.展开更多
Shakespeare is one of the most brilliant playwrights and poets in the Middle Ages. Shakespeare's sonnets created during 1592 to 1598 is not only one of the greatest achievements of his, but also a great leap forwa...Shakespeare is one of the most brilliant playwrights and poets in the Middle Ages. Shakespeare's sonnets created during 1592 to 1598 is not only one of the greatest achievements of his, but also a great leap forward to sonnet itself. With the development of sonnets, Chinese poets begin to learn from western traditional sonnets. Among these poets, Bai Ma is a typical representative. This thesis aims to make a comparison between western traditional sonnets and Chinese sonnets to find out their similarities and dissimilarities through studying Shakespeare's and Bai Ma's respective magnum opuses, and to further promote the literary communication of the East-West.展开更多
About Shakespeare's classic learning, Ben Jonson's"small Latin and less Greek"has long been regarded precise and pertinent. This essay, however, is to explore the other part of the picture. In King L...About Shakespeare's classic learning, Ben Jonson's"small Latin and less Greek"has long been regarded precise and pertinent. This essay, however, is to explore the other part of the picture. In King Lear, Shakespeare has shown adroit application of Elizabethan rhetoric devices like hypallage, polyptoton and anadiplosis. It denotes his somewhat rigid grammar school training especially in oratory, which partly explains his classism.展开更多
The paper introduces the tradition of English sonnets, and explores how Shakespeare inherits the tradition and developshis own distinctiveness in his sonnets.
This thesis carefully appreciated situational irony in some of Shakespeare's tragedies successively,and classified situational irony into four kinds:discrepancy between appearance and reality,expectation and fulfi...This thesis carefully appreciated situational irony in some of Shakespeare's tragedies successively,and classified situational irony into four kinds:discrepancy between appearance and reality,expectation and fulfilment,intention and outcome,the actual circumstances and appropriateness.In the analysis of the first kind of situational irony,especially,the thesis focused on Antony and Cleopatra,together with Julius Caesar,questioned the common idea,and stated that Antony's failure was not because of his passion towards Cleopatra.Cleopatra was only his screen to cheat the world,an excuse of his " face-saving failure".展开更多
The character of Shylock in the Merchant of Venice is both intriguing and compelling. Hateful and greedy as he is on the onehand, yet suffered and pathetic on the other. Shakespeare is quite considerate in creating th...The character of Shylock in the Merchant of Venice is both intriguing and compelling. Hateful and greedy as he is on the onehand, yet suffered and pathetic on the other. Shakespeare is quite considerate in creating the character. This paper explores the possibili-ties behind Shakespeare, contradictory construction of Shylock.展开更多
The teaching of Shakespeare’s sonnet 34, among others, was attempted in order to counterbalance an overabundance of "survey" courses and to take the students deeply into a single major writer a poet again t...The teaching of Shakespeare’s sonnet 34, among others, was attempted in order to counterbalance an overabundance of "survey" courses and to take the students deeply into a single major writer a poet again to counterbalance an overabundance of courses on prose writers. Sonnet 34 provided a few challenges in several archaic words, and in some Christian terms, but dealing with these left the students in a good position to successfully ingest and enjoy this and other sonnets.展开更多
Honour, one of the eternal themes in Shakespeare, is again in the spotlightin Henry IV Part I. In this play, the rivalry between Prince Hal and Hotspuremerges actually out of their cravings for the title of royal hono...Honour, one of the eternal themes in Shakespeare, is again in the spotlightin Henry IV Part I. In this play, the rivalry between Prince Hal and Hotspuremerges actually out of their cravings for the title of royal honour and valour.Hotspur appears to be formidable, courageous and energetic. He is exactly展开更多
Oxford English Dictionary gives its second definition under the word "irony":"a condition of affairs or events of a character opposite to what was, or might naturally be, expected; a contradictory outco...Oxford English Dictionary gives its second definition under the word "irony":"a condition of affairs or events of a character opposite to what was, or might naturally be, expected; a contradictory outcome of events as if in mockery of the promise and fitness of things." Here I would like to classify Situational Irony into four kinds.展开更多
In 2017,the Tokyo Arts Festival invited theatre directors from three geographical locations to direct Shakespeare’s plays:The British director John Caird directed Hamlet,the Romanian director Silviu Purcārete direct...In 2017,the Tokyo Arts Festival invited theatre directors from three geographical locations to direct Shakespeare’s plays:The British director John Caird directed Hamlet,the Romanian director Silviu Purcārete directed Richard III,and the Belgian director Ivo Van Hove directed a Dutch Othello.They approached Shakespeare’s plays from unique perspectives,using their own native or Japanese language,working with Japanese and foreign actors and staff.They were performed in Tokyo and watched by various audiences.This paper examines the interactive effect of international theatre and the Tokyo Arts Festival and argues that Shakespeare,being a common currency in the world,functions as media for the Festival,and vice versa.While the Festival provides opportunities and support for foreign directors and companies,staging of international Shakespeare productions raises the profile of the Festival and promotes artistic and cultural programmes and exchange internationally.The audience also has much to gain:the Festival allows them to experience cultural differences and a reflection of themselves or of the world in works of art.The paper argues that the differences created in the international Shakespearean productions and realized and experienced by the audience are the essence of the theatre and meaning and value of the Festival.展开更多
This study investigates the language strategies used by Shakespeare in The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark （1603）. Emphasis is given to the type of language or register Shakespeare provides his characters with ...This study investigates the language strategies used by Shakespeare in The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark （1603）. Emphasis is given to the type of language or register Shakespeare provides his characters with in order to give them genuine or assumed identities. The linguistic register of the three major characters of Claudius, the Ghost, and Hamlet is explored in light of the Elizabethan cultural context. This concern with these three characters stems from the basic assumption of the paper that the play is a struggle between Claudius and the Ghost over Hamlet. Claudius speaks the language of a monarch which is informed by the code of society; the Ghost, who used to speak such language of sovereignty while alive, speaks a language of the dead informed by a newly acquired experience not familiar to human beings. On the other hand, Hamlet＇s use of language is the most peculiar in the play. His register keeps changing according to his tragic growth and his readiness for action. The study indicates that the language functions Shakespeare utilizes in Hamlet are numerous. Language is used creatively for a variety of purposes in addition to communication. The playwright employs language as a shield for self-defense, a tool for defining and hiding identity and misleading and manipulating others, a means of search for reality, and a tool for punishment, among other functions. The study findings invite further research into Shakespeare＇s use of language in his plays. No detailed in-depth studies of Shakespearean language and its implications exist.展开更多
Though many scholars and critics have made efforts explaining its connotation and influence from philosophical,religious and historical perspective about Samuel Johnson’s statement that Shakespeare is“A Poet of Nat...Though many scholars and critics have made efforts explaining its connotation and influence from philosophical,religious and historical perspective about Samuel Johnson’s statement that Shakespeare is“A Poet of Nature”,it is still worthy of discussion.As a Neoclassical critic,Johnson revealed Shakespeare’s genuine faculties through comparison with Homer following John Dryden and Alexzander Popeto illustrate the dramatic writing process.Then Shakespeare’s genius in natural acquisition of human nature and literature tradition,adaptation and concatenation to make something novelty,and selection of original language and characters is exemplified to analyze mixed genre,irregular structure,natural dialogue and characters under the principle of general nature.展开更多
文摘The most enduring clichéabout Shakespeare is that he is timeless and universal,although the first claim is unprovable and the second all too easily disproved.Nevertheless,the extraordinary global popularity and significance that he has attained is remarkable.So even if we can dismiss the implausible hyperbole of Shakespeare’s universality and timelessness,there still is something that demands explanation.Why do all those who do care about Shakespeare care(and there are,one must admit,a remarkable number of them)?What is it that they care about?
文摘By using echoes in some sonnets to lines in certain plays, emphasizing those echoes which were not later repeated, and by applying dates to those plays, in 1926 Elizabeth Beckwith tentatively dated a third of the 154 in the entire sonnets cycle. Her belief was that an unintentional authorial pattern of usage would be less subjective than other approaches to dating the sonnets. Yet, by use of dates from external allusions later applied by Prof. Leslie Hotson and other scholars, this author suggests that it may be possible to extend the total number of datable sonnets to over half of the cycle. However, Beckwith did not use dates for the plays which were later to become a standard dating scheme accepted by most scholars today, and so adjustments of her dates would change the dates she awarded to many of her selected sonnets. This author suggests that even the standard dating scheme is flawed, particularly if Shakespeare was dead when the Sonnets were published in 1609. He suggests another dating regime that meshes quite well with both Beckwith＇s 52 and an additional 27. Thus, the result for the 79 sonnets is to avoid certain problems in the distribution that Beckwith＇s method generated. The net result is what Beckwith termed ＂a skeleton around which the remaining sonnets can be safely built＂, but for over half rather than only a third of the cycle. This author suggests a half＂skeleton＂ is more indicative of the chronology for the whole sonnets cycle than only a third.
文摘Applying the theory of adaptation, Feminism, and Performance Studies, this paper explores the adaptation, inter-textuality, and gender in the three films The Tempest （2010） directed by Julie Taymor, Prospero＇s Books （1991） directed by Peter Greenaway, and Shakespeare in Love （1998） directed by John Madden, referenced to Gnomeo and Juliet （2011）, a cartoon animation. Both films of The Tempest show visual spectacle and technology images by CGI （Computer-Generated Cinematic Graphic Image） effect. The author argues the power struggle between Caliban and Prospero played by actress Helen Mirren, changes from post-colonial discourse in the male domain, to be more about the intellect contest between man and woman, and Taymor＇s adaptation is more focused on maternity than actor John Gielgud＇s on politics. Inter-textuality exists in Shakespeare in Love and Shakespeare＇s Romeo and Juliet, and Twelfth Night. Unlike the tragedy in the films, Gnomeo and Juliet ends happily as we can expect from most musicals and fairy tales. The inter-textuality of literature and art, dramatic plays, historical events, and biographical sketches are delicately intertwined. Media represent Shakespeare applied by Jean Baudrillard＇s ＂simulacra＂ and Richard Schechner＇s ＂simulation＂ to present the liminal threshold between reality, role-playing, and theatricality. Shakespeare represented by media rise to visual narratives.
文摘King Lear is considered to be Shakespeare's greatest tragedy.Using analysis of the play and the contemporary politics of Jacobe an time,this paper examines how this play serves its traditional role as a"mirror for princess"play and how a broader dimension provided by a Christianized natural law is available for the exploration of possibilities of human experiences.
文摘Shakespeare and Ben Jonson have frequently been paired up for comparison in studies of early modern English drama.Conventional views about Shakespeare’s and Jonson’s comedies evolved and crystallized in the seventeenth,eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.People believed or were led to believe that Shakespeare’s and Jonson’s comedies were in clear opposition:Shakespeare’s comedies were sweet,romantic,amiable,popular and entertaining,whereas Jonson’s were based on an abstract theory of humors,cold,satiric,pedantic,and moralizing.Only in the last century did these oppositions begin to change,but too slowly.This paper calls those binary oppositions into question.It tries to present a more truthful picture of these two playwrights and their comedies through an examination of some of their works.It argues that some of those oppositions are stereotypes and should not be taken seriously by contemporary Shakespearean and Jonsonian scholars.
文摘Thousands of years ago,the Jews were forced to leave their homeland and began to live an exiled life and gradually melted into other neighboring peoples.However,they were not welcomed by others.For thousands of years,Jews' "Bible" has become a source of literary and artistic creation,but the image of Jews were excluded from the literary and artistic creation,even if there were some occasions,they were but described as autistic Misers or loan shark.Shakespeare is one of the most outstanding writers;he described many people from all walks of life in his works,the Jews,also included.Based on the corpus of Shakespeare's works,we can see that most adjectives used by Shakespeare to modify the word "Jew"are derogative words.Therefore,we can prove that anti-Semitism does exist in Shakespeare's works.
文摘Shakespeare is one of the most brilliant playwrights and poets in the Middle Ages. Shakespeare's sonnets created during 1592 to 1598 is not only one of the greatest achievements of his, but also a great leap forward to sonnet itself. With the development of sonnets, Chinese poets begin to learn from western traditional sonnets. Among these poets, Bai Ma is a typical representative. This thesis aims to make a comparison between western traditional sonnets and Chinese sonnets to find out their similarities and dissimilarities through studying Shakespeare's and Bai Ma's respective magnum opuses, and to further promote the literary communication of the East-West.
文摘About Shakespeare's classic learning, Ben Jonson's"small Latin and less Greek"has long been regarded precise and pertinent. This essay, however, is to explore the other part of the picture. In King Lear, Shakespeare has shown adroit application of Elizabethan rhetoric devices like hypallage, polyptoton and anadiplosis. It denotes his somewhat rigid grammar school training especially in oratory, which partly explains his classism.
文摘The paper introduces the tradition of English sonnets, and explores how Shakespeare inherits the tradition and developshis own distinctiveness in his sonnets.
文摘This thesis carefully appreciated situational irony in some of Shakespeare's tragedies successively,and classified situational irony into four kinds:discrepancy between appearance and reality,expectation and fulfilment,intention and outcome,the actual circumstances and appropriateness.In the analysis of the first kind of situational irony,especially,the thesis focused on Antony and Cleopatra,together with Julius Caesar,questioned the common idea,and stated that Antony's failure was not because of his passion towards Cleopatra.Cleopatra was only his screen to cheat the world,an excuse of his " face-saving failure".
文摘The character of Shylock in the Merchant of Venice is both intriguing and compelling. Hateful and greedy as he is on the onehand, yet suffered and pathetic on the other. Shakespeare is quite considerate in creating the character. This paper explores the possibili-ties behind Shakespeare, contradictory construction of Shylock.
文摘The teaching of Shakespeare’s sonnet 34, among others, was attempted in order to counterbalance an overabundance of "survey" courses and to take the students deeply into a single major writer a poet again to counterbalance an overabundance of courses on prose writers. Sonnet 34 provided a few challenges in several archaic words, and in some Christian terms, but dealing with these left the students in a good position to successfully ingest and enjoy this and other sonnets.
文摘Honour, one of the eternal themes in Shakespeare, is again in the spotlightin Henry IV Part I. In this play, the rivalry between Prince Hal and Hotspuremerges actually out of their cravings for the title of royal honour and valour.Hotspur appears to be formidable, courageous and energetic. He is exactly
文摘Oxford English Dictionary gives its second definition under the word "irony":"a condition of affairs or events of a character opposite to what was, or might naturally be, expected; a contradictory outcome of events as if in mockery of the promise and fitness of things." Here I would like to classify Situational Irony into four kinds.
文摘In 2017,the Tokyo Arts Festival invited theatre directors from three geographical locations to direct Shakespeare’s plays:The British director John Caird directed Hamlet,the Romanian director Silviu Purcārete directed Richard III,and the Belgian director Ivo Van Hove directed a Dutch Othello.They approached Shakespeare’s plays from unique perspectives,using their own native or Japanese language,working with Japanese and foreign actors and staff.They were performed in Tokyo and watched by various audiences.This paper examines the interactive effect of international theatre and the Tokyo Arts Festival and argues that Shakespeare,being a common currency in the world,functions as media for the Festival,and vice versa.While the Festival provides opportunities and support for foreign directors and companies,staging of international Shakespeare productions raises the profile of the Festival and promotes artistic and cultural programmes and exchange internationally.The audience also has much to gain:the Festival allows them to experience cultural differences and a reflection of themselves or of the world in works of art.The paper argues that the differences created in the international Shakespearean productions and realized and experienced by the audience are the essence of the theatre and meaning and value of the Festival.
文摘This study investigates the language strategies used by Shakespeare in The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark （1603）. Emphasis is given to the type of language or register Shakespeare provides his characters with in order to give them genuine or assumed identities. The linguistic register of the three major characters of Claudius, the Ghost, and Hamlet is explored in light of the Elizabethan cultural context. This concern with these three characters stems from the basic assumption of the paper that the play is a struggle between Claudius and the Ghost over Hamlet. Claudius speaks the language of a monarch which is informed by the code of society; the Ghost, who used to speak such language of sovereignty while alive, speaks a language of the dead informed by a newly acquired experience not familiar to human beings. On the other hand, Hamlet＇s use of language is the most peculiar in the play. His register keeps changing according to his tragic growth and his readiness for action. The study indicates that the language functions Shakespeare utilizes in Hamlet are numerous. Language is used creatively for a variety of purposes in addition to communication. The playwright employs language as a shield for self-defense, a tool for defining and hiding identity and misleading and manipulating others, a means of search for reality, and a tool for punishment, among other functions. The study findings invite further research into Shakespeare＇s use of language in his plays. No detailed in-depth studies of Shakespearean language and its implications exist.
文摘Though many scholars and critics have made efforts explaining its connotation and influence from philosophical,religious and historical perspective about Samuel Johnson’s statement that Shakespeare is“A Poet of Nature”,it is still worthy of discussion.As a Neoclassical critic,Johnson revealed Shakespeare’s genuine faculties through comparison with Homer following John Dryden and Alexzander Popeto illustrate the dramatic writing process.Then Shakespeare’s genius in natural acquisition of human nature and literature tradition,adaptation and concatenation to make something novelty,and selection of original language and characters is exemplified to analyze mixed genre,irregular structure,natural dialogue and characters under the principle of general nature.
