以4年生日光温室栽培“瑞光5号”油桃（Prunus persica L. var. nectarina Ait）为试材,在果实第二次迅速膨大期,采用加盖塑料旧膜的方法模拟温室薄膜灰尘积累,研究了遮光10%～12%左右对温室油桃结果枝光合碳同化物积累和分配的影响.结...以4年生日光温室栽培“瑞光5号”油桃（Prunus persica L. var. nectarina Ait）为试材,在果实第二次迅速膨大期,采用加盖塑料旧膜的方法模拟温室薄膜灰尘积累,研究了遮光10%～12%左右对温室油桃结果枝光合碳同化物积累和分配的影响.结果表明：轻度遮光后,油桃结果枝顶端新梢叶片净光合速率明显下降,淀粉含量减少,可溶性总糖变化不明显;采用14C标记结果枝顶端新梢发现,轻度遮光后,饲喂新梢的光合产物主要集中供应其附近的果实,向远处的果实输送减少,而且果实的外中果皮同化物分配比例下降; 轻度遮光后,采收期果实鲜重和横径变小,着色变差.因此,要提高果实品质,应尽可能地改善温室油桃在果实第二次迅速膨大期的光照环境.展开更多
The present study reports a physicochemical comparison of shade-grown and sun-grown coffee beans, under unripe, rip and roasted-ripe conditions, using electrical conductivity measurements, electron paramagnetic resona...The present study reports a physicochemical comparison of shade-grown and sun-grown coffee beans, under unripe, rip and roasted-ripe conditions, using electrical conductivity measurements, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, the assessed physicochemical parameters were compared with organoleptic evaluations based on the Coffee Quality Institute protocol. The values found for electrical conductivity, leached potassium, and stable free radicals were respectively 29%, 31%, and 350% higher for shade-grown coffee beans, whereas polyphenol oxidase enzymatic activity was 23% lower. By contrast, FTIR and HPLC measurements identified higher chlorogenic acid and lipid contents in sun-grown coffee beans. Importantly, the sensorial grade attributed to roasted-ripe grains was 12% higher for sun-grown coffee. Our findings suggest that shade-grown coffee beans have undergone microorganismal activity and undesired fermentation during cultivation, which resulted in lower coffee quality. A correlation between a set of selected physicochemical properties and organoleptic properties was robustly established and could be used in the development of future coffee bean quality control protocols.展开更多
文摘以4年生日光温室栽培“瑞光5号”油桃（Prunus persica L. var. nectarina Ait）为试材,在果实第二次迅速膨大期,采用加盖塑料旧膜的方法模拟温室薄膜灰尘积累,研究了遮光10%～12%左右对温室油桃结果枝光合碳同化物积累和分配的影响.结果表明：轻度遮光后,油桃结果枝顶端新梢叶片净光合速率明显下降,淀粉含量减少,可溶性总糖变化不明显;采用14C标记结果枝顶端新梢发现,轻度遮光后,饲喂新梢的光合产物主要集中供应其附近的果实,向远处的果实输送减少,而且果实的外中果皮同化物分配比例下降; 轻度遮光后,采收期果实鲜重和横径变小,着色变差.因此,要提高果实品质,应尽可能地改善温室油桃在果实第二次迅速膨大期的光照环境.
基金The authors acknowledge financial support from CNPq and FAPES Brazilian Government Agenciesalso the Laboratorio de Ciencias Fisicas,from Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil.
文摘The present study reports a physicochemical comparison of shade-grown and sun-grown coffee beans, under unripe, rip and roasted-ripe conditions, using electrical conductivity measurements, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, the assessed physicochemical parameters were compared with organoleptic evaluations based on the Coffee Quality Institute protocol. The values found for electrical conductivity, leached potassium, and stable free radicals were respectively 29%, 31%, and 350% higher for shade-grown coffee beans, whereas polyphenol oxidase enzymatic activity was 23% lower. By contrast, FTIR and HPLC measurements identified higher chlorogenic acid and lipid contents in sun-grown coffee beans. Importantly, the sensorial grade attributed to roasted-ripe grains was 12% higher for sun-grown coffee. Our findings suggest that shade-grown coffee beans have undergone microorganismal activity and undesired fermentation during cultivation, which resulted in lower coffee quality. A correlation between a set of selected physicochemical properties and organoleptic properties was robustly established and could be used in the development of future coffee bean quality control protocols.
