Objective To investigate the attitude and sexual behavior status and change among HIV positive female workers in entertainment sites in Kaiyuan city, Yunnan province, China. The key information should be applied in th...Objective To investigate the attitude and sexual behavior status and change among HIV positive female workers in entertainment sites in Kaiyuan city, Yunnan province, China. The key information should be applied in the integrated intervention program in future. Methods A cohort survey among HIV positive female workers was conducted during 12 months, between 2010 and 2012. All the risk sexual behavior and attitude were collected for assessment for the potential secondary transmission to sexual partners. Results Of 99 HIV positive women who sell sex in Kaiyuan city, 99 participated in the survey at baseline, 80, 80, 75, and 75 at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups. The percentage of participants who reported consistently used condoms in the last one month ranged between 94.5% and 95.5%. The client volume in the last one month, income per sex and age group were significant related with non-insistent condom use with their clients. Conclusion It was suggested that integrated intervention program package should include 100 percent condom use promotion for the HIV positive FSW with all sexual partners, and also, include socially support involved.展开更多
The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence of HIV, past six-month illicit drug use, and risk behaviors among a population of heavy drug users living in an urban setting. Although many studies investiga...The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence of HIV, past six-month illicit drug use, and risk behaviors among a population of heavy drug users living in an urban setting. Although many studies investigate substance use, sex-risk behavior, and HIV by race and gender, no studies have examined these variables simultaneously. The current study seeks to fill this gap in the literature by exploring HIV prevalence among a predominantly heterosexual sample of recent substance users by injection drug use (IDU) status, race, and sex. Baseline data from the Baltimore site of the NEURO-HIV epidemiologic study was used in this study. This study examines neuropsychological and social-behavioral risk factors of HIV, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C among both injection and non-injection drug users. Descriptive statistics and chi-square statistics were used in data analyses. Blood and urine samples were obtained to test for the presence of recent drug use, viral hepatitis, HIV, and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Findings presented here have several important implications for HIV prevention and care among substance users. Intervention programs that incorporate substance use treatment in addition to HIV education, particularly with respect to substance use and sex risk behavior are imperative.展开更多
Objective To assess the HIV/STDs knowledge and risk behaviors related factors among female sex workers(FSWs)in Shanghai,China.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 districts(including 3 suburbs and 2 urba...Objective To assess the HIV/STDs knowledge and risk behaviors related factors among female sex workers(FSWs)in Shanghai,China.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 districts(including 3 suburbs and 2 urban districts).A total of 324 FSWs from 88 massage parlors and hair-beauty salons participated in the survey.An interviewer-administrated questionnaire was used to collect information.Results The average score of HIV/STDs knowledge was 15.2±3.9.Multivariate analyses indicated that limited education [odds ratio(OR):8.6,95% confidence interval(CI):2.9-25.6],coming from suburbs [odds ratio(OR):3.7,95% confidence interval(CI):2.0-6.8],monthly income less than 1500 RMB(220 US$)[odds ratio(OR):3.9,95% confidence interval(CI):1.9-8.1],without HIV/STDs-related education experience(OR:5.2,95% CI:2.8-9.5),and coming from provinces of low epidemic(OR:2.7,95% CI:1.1-6.6)were significant predictors of lower HIV/STDs knowledge.And 29.5% FSWs had sex without a condom when clients paid much more money,and 46.3% had the experience of condom broke or slipped during commercial sexual intercourse.Conclusion Health promotion should be conducted to enhance HIV/STDs knowledge and reduce risk behaviors among FSWs from suburbs with limited education in Shanghai especially.展开更多
Background: The foraging and diving behavior of waterfowl are affected by a number of important factors. Hence, learning more about these major factors is of great concern in order to protect endangered species. In th...Background: The foraging and diving behavior of waterfowl are affected by a number of important factors. Hence, learning more about these major factors is of great concern in order to protect endangered species. In this study, we verified the effect of sex, temperature, time and flock size on the diving behavior of the Scaly-sided Merganser(Mergus squamatus).Methods: The study was conducted by means of focal animal sampling in the Wuyuan section of the Poyang Lake watershed in Jiangxi Province, China from December 2015 to March 2016. We used one-way ANOVA and LSD tests to investigate the differences among these factors. Pearson correlations were used to test the relation between pause duration and the previous or subsequent dive duration. The relations between these factors and dive/pause duration are illustrated using Spearman correlations.Results: Mean dive duration and mean time on the pause of males were significantly higher than those of females. With an increase in temperature, dive duration significantly increased. Along with the passage of time of year and daytime, dive duration significantly increased, while dive duration decreased significantly with the increase in flock size.Conclusions: Sex, temperature, time and flock size have an effect on the diving behavior of the wintering Scalysided Merganser. The difference of diving behavior between males and females is related to differences in body mass. The difference of diving behavior among various temperatures and time periods may be related to a low minimum rate of oxygen consumption, while the difference among various flock sizes may be caused by rising intraspecific competition.展开更多
Context: With the view to reorient both STI/HIV/AIDS prevention and adolescents pregnancies, this research study aims at evaluating cognitive and behavioral acquisitions, as well as the process of interactive sex educ...Context: With the view to reorient both STI/HIV/AIDS prevention and adolescents pregnancies, this research study aims at evaluating cognitive and behavioral acquisitions, as well as the process of interactive sex education participatory approach among adolescents in Kinshasa high schools. Methods: Based on a “pre and post” virtually experimental design, two crosswise surveys were conducted in Kinshasa, for six months in 2011-2012 on 484 high school students (pre-survey) and on 441 high school students (post-survey), whose age range from 14 - 19 years including both sexes. Two participatory educational talks (PET) “A” and “B”, covered weekly in two different schools, were compared to a control group school. The PET “A” consisted of interactive interpersonal communication sessions given by an external expert as a substitute for the life education course in one school. The PET “B” carried out in another school, included more educational talk sessions, led by the external expert and supplemented by a close follow-up of teenagers divided into small groups of 10 participants. The subjects’ assessment was based on their knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to STI/HIV/AIDS dual prevention as well as to unwanted pregnancies. Results: The subjects involved in the PET “B” displayed a better/higher performance based on their knowledge, attitudes and practices related to STI/HIV/AIDS dual prevention and unwanted pregnancies. Broadly speaking, knowledge has been improved 6 times with the PET “B” (OR = 6, 10, IC 95%) (3.24 - 11.9), and 3 times with the PET “A” (OR = 3, 45, IC 95%) (1.79 - 6.81), compared to control school. Similarly, findings on subjects’ attitudes show an improvement rated 12 times with the PET”B” (OR = 11, 99, IC 95%) (5.67 - 27.38) and 5 times for the PET “A” (OR = 5.51, IC 95%) (2.54 - 12.87). As far as the subjects’ practices are concerned, an improvement of 6 more times of protected sexual intercourses with the PET “B” compared with the control school group (OR = 6, 52, IC 95%) (3.60 - 12.0). The process assessment records a spontaneous involvement of schools enhanced by the positive contribution of Life Education and Biology teachers;add a massive participation of adolescents who requested permanent PET program. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that school sexual education programs can be improved to increase the quality of apprenticeship. The use of interactive methods and the consideration of the adolescents’ specific needs that take into account the gender approach may bring about beneficial advantages on both educational outcomes and reproductive health of adolescents.展开更多
Back Ground: Risky sexual behavior among orphans and vulnerable children and its associated physical, psychological and social consequences is becoming a major public health concern globally. Objectives: To assess the...Back Ground: Risky sexual behavior among orphans and vulnerable children and its associated physical, psychological and social consequences is becoming a major public health concern globally. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of risky sexual behavior and its determinants among orphan and vulnerable children in Addis Ababa. Methodology: A community based cross sectional study was conducted on three support and care giving organizations for orphans and vulnerable children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March to June 2014. A total of 422 orphan and vulnerable children were selected using systematic sampling. Data were collected using pre tested self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Result: A total of 407 (96.4%) respondents participated in this study. Among them 112 (27.5%) had sexual intercourse in their life time, of these 50 (44.6%) started sex before the age of 15, 94 (83.9%) had forced sex, 84 (75.0%) had multiple sexual partners, only 16 (14.3%) used condom the first time they had sex and 96 (85.7%) participated in transactional sex. Females were about 3.25 (2.67 - 7.3) times more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior than male respondents, double orphans had 4.32 (2.45 - 9.54) odds of risky sexual behavior compared to their counterparts. Those respondents who had knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention were less likely to be involved in risky sexual behavior 0.58 (0.41 - 0.93). Conclusion: Orphan and vulnerable children are at a higher likelihood of risky sexual behavior. Intervention targeted at multilevel such as orphan survival training, assertive communication skills, sexuality education and education about HIV risk perception, physical, psychological and human right protection, social support, and economic access for basic needs need to be given consideration.展开更多
Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) contribute substantially to HIV prevalence in India. The targeted intervention (TI) program is the most important link between MSM and the public health system. Hence, we st...Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) contribute substantially to HIV prevalence in India. The targeted intervention (TI) program is the most important link between MSM and the public health system. Hence, we studied the demographic and sexual behavior characteristics of MSM registered in TI program in India. Methods: We used information maintained at TI sites under the program catering exclusively to MSM in India. Demographic characteristics and sexual behavior of MSM over the past two decades were also studied. Risk behaviors included type of partners, alcohol use, sexual acts per week, years of sex work and age at initiation of sex work. Bivariate analysis was carried out to understand the demographic determinants of sexual behavior. Results: In total, data of 6037 MSMs from 14 TI sites were analyzed. Of these 4655 (73.8%) were young adults (<35 years) and 2565 (40.8%) had completed their matriculation. More than half (55.4%) were married. Double-decker was identified as the most common sub-typology among MSM. Average age of initiation of sex was 23.0 years and average number of sexual acts per week was 6.8 (95% CI: 6.8 - 7.0). Irregular partners and alcohol use were observed in 30.5% and 52.8% of MSM respectively. Cohort analysis revealed a statistically significant declining trend in average age of initiation of sex over the past two decades. The sexual behavior of MSM varied significantly by employment status, education, marital status, state of residence, alcohol use and type of sex partner. Conclusion: MSMs registered with the TI program in India were mostly young, educated, and employed. Many MSM also had a history of heterosexual relationships, and thus had the potential of transmitting HIV infection to the otherwise low risk general population. This analysis supports the use of TI program data for understanding the demographic and sexual behavior characteristics of hard to reach and stigmatized population in society.展开更多
Olfactory activation of neuroendocrine pathways plays vital roles in many organisms for reproduction and survival.The importance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)neurons for reproduction is well-established but ...Olfactory activation of neuroendocrine pathways plays vital roles in many organisms for reproduction and survival.The importance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)neurons for reproduction is well-established but little is known about whether they can directly sense and transmit sex pheromone signals.We have uncovered the migration path and distribution pattern of a new GnRH neuronal population that fulfills this role.GnRH3 neurons arise from the region located beneath olfactory placode,undergo bidirectional migration along the olfactory nerve,and cell bodies lie within the olfactory epithelium,olfactory bulb and hypothalamus.These olfactory epithelial GnRH3 neurons express ora4,the olfactory receptor that detects pheromones.GnRH3-OB neurons with olfactory epithelial GnRH3 neurons ablation failed to respond to the waterborne post-ovulatory sex pheromone prostaglandin F_(2α)(PGF_(2α)).GnRH3 neurons in gnrh3^(-/-)mutants have a reduced basal firing rate leading to abnormal responses to PGF_(2α).Male gnrh3^(-/-)zebrafish exhibit deficiencies in courtship behavior and a decreased capacity to compete and spawn with females.These findings indicate that GnRH3-OE neurons function as crypt sensory neurons transducing sex pheromone-encoded information critical to reproductive success.展开更多
目的探讨久坐行为与高尿酸血症发生风险的关系。方法系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase和Co-chrane数据库,收集关于久坐行为(以h/d计)与高尿酸血症发生风险关系研究的文献,检索时间截至2024年8月28日。对文献进行筛选及质量评价,...目的探讨久坐行为与高尿酸血症发生风险的关系。方法系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase和Co-chrane数据库,收集关于久坐行为(以h/d计)与高尿酸血症发生风险关系研究的文献,检索时间截至2024年8月28日。对文献进行筛选及质量评价,使用随机效应模型和固定效应模型对资料进行Meta分析。结果本研究共纳入4项横断面研究,涉及236197名健康体检者和57263例高尿酸血症患者。久坐行为最高水平与最低水平人群比较,高尿酸血症风险显著增加(OR=1.232,95%CI:1.039~1.460);与男性相比(OR=1.079,95%CI:1.035~1.125),久坐行为与高尿酸血症发生风险的关联在女性中更为显著(OR=1.181,95%CI:1.025~1.359)。结论长时间久坐行为与高尿酸血症发生风险存在正相关,且这种关联在女性中更显著。展开更多
Dear Sir, We read with interest the paper by Lee et al. [1].They reported that continuous exposure to an electro-magnetic field with extremely low frequency may in-duce testicular germ cell apoptosis in mice. Our grou...Dear Sir, We read with interest the paper by Lee et al. [1].They reported that continuous exposure to an electro-magnetic field with extremely low frequency may in-duce testicular germ cell apoptosis in mice. Our group performed a series of experiments on theeffect of exposure to an electrostatic field on spermato-genesis alld sexual activity[2-7].Polyester(polyethyleneterphthalate)exhibited electrostatic potentials [ESPs] in展开更多
目的了解山东省男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)群交行为和人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)检测的相关影响因素,为制订艾滋病防控措施提供参考依据。方法2022年4―7月在山东省6个监测哨点城市招募MSM...目的了解山东省男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)群交行为和人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)检测的相关影响因素,为制订艾滋病防控措施提供参考依据。方法2022年4―7月在山东省6个监测哨点城市招募MSM进行问卷调查,每个哨点样本量为400人。收集MSM社会人口学、性行为等信息,并采集血样进行HIV和梅毒检测。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析模型分析最近6个月群交行为及最近1年HIV检测情况的相关影响因素。结果共纳入MSM2415人。最近6个月发生群交行为的比例为19.7%,最近1年进行HIV检测的比例为89.7%。多因素logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,年龄≤30岁(aOR=1.83,95%CI:1.02~3.26)、肛交主要性伴为商业性伴(aOR=3.34,95%CI:2.14~5.22)或临时性伴(aOR=1.55,95%CI:1.21~1.99)、最近6个月发生无保护肛交(aOR=2.89,95%CI:2.27~3.67)、使用过新型毒品(aOR=1.79,95%CI:1.37~2.34)、最近1年患过性病(aOR=2.23,95%CI:1.55~3.21)、HIV抗体阳性(aOR=1.70,95%CI:1.03~2.80)的MSM最近6个月发生过群交行为的可能性更高。大专及以上文化程度(aOR=1.81,95%CI:1.28~2.57)、肛交主要性伴为临时性伴(aOR=1.94,95%CI:1.37~2.76)、最近6个月未发生无保护肛交(aOR=1.84,95%CI:1.31~2.58)、梅毒抗体阳性(aOR=1.96,95%CI:1.07~3.62)、HIV抗体阳性(aOR=4.45,95%CI:2.40~8.24)的MSM最近1年未进行HIV检测的可能性更高。结论山东省MSM最近6个月发生群交行为的比例较高,需要加强对MSM的宣传干预,并关注MSM获取HIV预防保健服务情况。展开更多
基金supported by the United States National Institute of Health/National Institute on Drug Abuse(US NIH/NIDA Grant No:5R01DA024864)the Mega-Projects of National Science Research for the ‘Eleventh Five-Year Plan’ of China(No:2008ZXl000l-003)
文摘Objective To investigate the attitude and sexual behavior status and change among HIV positive female workers in entertainment sites in Kaiyuan city, Yunnan province, China. The key information should be applied in the integrated intervention program in future. Methods A cohort survey among HIV positive female workers was conducted during 12 months, between 2010 and 2012. All the risk sexual behavior and attitude were collected for assessment for the potential secondary transmission to sexual partners. Results Of 99 HIV positive women who sell sex in Kaiyuan city, 99 participated in the survey at baseline, 80, 80, 75, and 75 at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups. The percentage of participants who reported consistently used condoms in the last one month ranged between 94.5% and 95.5%. The client volume in the last one month, income per sex and age group were significant related with non-insistent condom use with their clients. Conclusion It was suggested that integrated intervention program package should include 100 percent condom use promotion for the HIV positive FSW with all sexual partners, and also, include socially support involved.
文摘The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence of HIV, past six-month illicit drug use, and risk behaviors among a population of heavy drug users living in an urban setting. Although many studies investigate substance use, sex-risk behavior, and HIV by race and gender, no studies have examined these variables simultaneously. The current study seeks to fill this gap in the literature by exploring HIV prevalence among a predominantly heterosexual sample of recent substance users by injection drug use (IDU) status, race, and sex. Baseline data from the Baltimore site of the NEURO-HIV epidemiologic study was used in this study. This study examines neuropsychological and social-behavioral risk factors of HIV, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C among both injection and non-injection drug users. Descriptive statistics and chi-square statistics were used in data analyses. Blood and urine samples were obtained to test for the presence of recent drug use, viral hepatitis, HIV, and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Findings presented here have several important implications for HIV prevention and care among substance users. Intervention programs that incorporate substance use treatment in addition to HIV education, particularly with respect to substance use and sex risk behavior are imperative.
基金Supported by Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau Foundation(08GWQ055)Shanghai Education Committee Foundation(10YS50)
文摘Objective To assess the HIV/STDs knowledge and risk behaviors related factors among female sex workers(FSWs)in Shanghai,China.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 districts(including 3 suburbs and 2 urban districts).A total of 324 FSWs from 88 massage parlors and hair-beauty salons participated in the survey.An interviewer-administrated questionnaire was used to collect information.Results The average score of HIV/STDs knowledge was 15.2±3.9.Multivariate analyses indicated that limited education [odds ratio(OR):8.6,95% confidence interval(CI):2.9-25.6],coming from suburbs [odds ratio(OR):3.7,95% confidence interval(CI):2.0-6.8],monthly income less than 1500 RMB(220 US$)[odds ratio(OR):3.9,95% confidence interval(CI):1.9-8.1],without HIV/STDs-related education experience(OR:5.2,95% CI:2.8-9.5),and coming from provinces of low epidemic(OR:2.7,95% CI:1.1-6.6)were significant predictors of lower HIV/STDs knowledge.And 29.5% FSWs had sex without a condom when clients paid much more money,and 46.3% had the experience of condom broke or slipped during commercial sexual intercourse.Conclusion Health promotion should be conducted to enhance HIV/STDs knowledge and reduce risk behaviors among FSWs from suburbs with limited education in Shanghai especially.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31560597)
文摘Background: The foraging and diving behavior of waterfowl are affected by a number of important factors. Hence, learning more about these major factors is of great concern in order to protect endangered species. In this study, we verified the effect of sex, temperature, time and flock size on the diving behavior of the Scaly-sided Merganser(Mergus squamatus).Methods: The study was conducted by means of focal animal sampling in the Wuyuan section of the Poyang Lake watershed in Jiangxi Province, China from December 2015 to March 2016. We used one-way ANOVA and LSD tests to investigate the differences among these factors. Pearson correlations were used to test the relation between pause duration and the previous or subsequent dive duration. The relations between these factors and dive/pause duration are illustrated using Spearman correlations.Results: Mean dive duration and mean time on the pause of males were significantly higher than those of females. With an increase in temperature, dive duration significantly increased. Along with the passage of time of year and daytime, dive duration significantly increased, while dive duration decreased significantly with the increase in flock size.Conclusions: Sex, temperature, time and flock size have an effect on the diving behavior of the wintering Scalysided Merganser. The difference of diving behavior between males and females is related to differences in body mass. The difference of diving behavior among various temperatures and time periods may be related to a low minimum rate of oxygen consumption, while the difference among various flock sizes may be caused by rising intraspecific competition.
文摘Context: With the view to reorient both STI/HIV/AIDS prevention and adolescents pregnancies, this research study aims at evaluating cognitive and behavioral acquisitions, as well as the process of interactive sex education participatory approach among adolescents in Kinshasa high schools. Methods: Based on a “pre and post” virtually experimental design, two crosswise surveys were conducted in Kinshasa, for six months in 2011-2012 on 484 high school students (pre-survey) and on 441 high school students (post-survey), whose age range from 14 - 19 years including both sexes. Two participatory educational talks (PET) “A” and “B”, covered weekly in two different schools, were compared to a control group school. The PET “A” consisted of interactive interpersonal communication sessions given by an external expert as a substitute for the life education course in one school. The PET “B” carried out in another school, included more educational talk sessions, led by the external expert and supplemented by a close follow-up of teenagers divided into small groups of 10 participants. The subjects’ assessment was based on their knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to STI/HIV/AIDS dual prevention as well as to unwanted pregnancies. Results: The subjects involved in the PET “B” displayed a better/higher performance based on their knowledge, attitudes and practices related to STI/HIV/AIDS dual prevention and unwanted pregnancies. Broadly speaking, knowledge has been improved 6 times with the PET “B” (OR = 6, 10, IC 95%) (3.24 - 11.9), and 3 times with the PET “A” (OR = 3, 45, IC 95%) (1.79 - 6.81), compared to control school. Similarly, findings on subjects’ attitudes show an improvement rated 12 times with the PET”B” (OR = 11, 99, IC 95%) (5.67 - 27.38) and 5 times for the PET “A” (OR = 5.51, IC 95%) (2.54 - 12.87). As far as the subjects’ practices are concerned, an improvement of 6 more times of protected sexual intercourses with the PET “B” compared with the control school group (OR = 6, 52, IC 95%) (3.60 - 12.0). The process assessment records a spontaneous involvement of schools enhanced by the positive contribution of Life Education and Biology teachers;add a massive participation of adolescents who requested permanent PET program. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that school sexual education programs can be improved to increase the quality of apprenticeship. The use of interactive methods and the consideration of the adolescents’ specific needs that take into account the gender approach may bring about beneficial advantages on both educational outcomes and reproductive health of adolescents.
文摘Back Ground: Risky sexual behavior among orphans and vulnerable children and its associated physical, psychological and social consequences is becoming a major public health concern globally. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of risky sexual behavior and its determinants among orphan and vulnerable children in Addis Ababa. Methodology: A community based cross sectional study was conducted on three support and care giving organizations for orphans and vulnerable children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March to June 2014. A total of 422 orphan and vulnerable children were selected using systematic sampling. Data were collected using pre tested self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Result: A total of 407 (96.4%) respondents participated in this study. Among them 112 (27.5%) had sexual intercourse in their life time, of these 50 (44.6%) started sex before the age of 15, 94 (83.9%) had forced sex, 84 (75.0%) had multiple sexual partners, only 16 (14.3%) used condom the first time they had sex and 96 (85.7%) participated in transactional sex. Females were about 3.25 (2.67 - 7.3) times more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior than male respondents, double orphans had 4.32 (2.45 - 9.54) odds of risky sexual behavior compared to their counterparts. Those respondents who had knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention were less likely to be involved in risky sexual behavior 0.58 (0.41 - 0.93). Conclusion: Orphan and vulnerable children are at a higher likelihood of risky sexual behavior. Intervention targeted at multilevel such as orphan survival training, assertive communication skills, sexuality education and education about HIV risk perception, physical, psychological and human right protection, social support, and economic access for basic needs need to be given consideration.
文摘Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) contribute substantially to HIV prevalence in India. The targeted intervention (TI) program is the most important link between MSM and the public health system. Hence, we studied the demographic and sexual behavior characteristics of MSM registered in TI program in India. Methods: We used information maintained at TI sites under the program catering exclusively to MSM in India. Demographic characteristics and sexual behavior of MSM over the past two decades were also studied. Risk behaviors included type of partners, alcohol use, sexual acts per week, years of sex work and age at initiation of sex work. Bivariate analysis was carried out to understand the demographic determinants of sexual behavior. Results: In total, data of 6037 MSMs from 14 TI sites were analyzed. Of these 4655 (73.8%) were young adults (<35 years) and 2565 (40.8%) had completed their matriculation. More than half (55.4%) were married. Double-decker was identified as the most common sub-typology among MSM. Average age of initiation of sex was 23.0 years and average number of sexual acts per week was 6.8 (95% CI: 6.8 - 7.0). Irregular partners and alcohol use were observed in 30.5% and 52.8% of MSM respectively. Cohort analysis revealed a statistically significant declining trend in average age of initiation of sex over the past two decades. The sexual behavior of MSM varied significantly by employment status, education, marital status, state of residence, alcohol use and type of sex partner. Conclusion: MSMs registered with the TI program in India were mostly young, educated, and employed. Many MSM also had a history of heterosexual relationships, and thus had the potential of transmitting HIV infection to the otherwise low risk general population. This analysis supports the use of TI program data for understanding the demographic and sexual behavior characteristics of hard to reach and stigmatized population in society.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31721005,32030113,32000361)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2024J08045)University of Ottawa Research Chair program and University of Ottawa International Research Acceleration Program(VLT)。
文摘Olfactory activation of neuroendocrine pathways plays vital roles in many organisms for reproduction and survival.The importance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)neurons for reproduction is well-established but little is known about whether they can directly sense and transmit sex pheromone signals.We have uncovered the migration path and distribution pattern of a new GnRH neuronal population that fulfills this role.GnRH3 neurons arise from the region located beneath olfactory placode,undergo bidirectional migration along the olfactory nerve,and cell bodies lie within the olfactory epithelium,olfactory bulb and hypothalamus.These olfactory epithelial GnRH3 neurons express ora4,the olfactory receptor that detects pheromones.GnRH3-OB neurons with olfactory epithelial GnRH3 neurons ablation failed to respond to the waterborne post-ovulatory sex pheromone prostaglandin F_(2α)(PGF_(2α)).GnRH3 neurons in gnrh3^(-/-)mutants have a reduced basal firing rate leading to abnormal responses to PGF_(2α).Male gnrh3^(-/-)zebrafish exhibit deficiencies in courtship behavior and a decreased capacity to compete and spawn with females.These findings indicate that GnRH3-OE neurons function as crypt sensory neurons transducing sex pheromone-encoded information critical to reproductive success.
文摘目的探讨久坐行为与高尿酸血症发生风险的关系。方法系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase和Co-chrane数据库,收集关于久坐行为(以h/d计)与高尿酸血症发生风险关系研究的文献,检索时间截至2024年8月28日。对文献进行筛选及质量评价,使用随机效应模型和固定效应模型对资料进行Meta分析。结果本研究共纳入4项横断面研究,涉及236197名健康体检者和57263例高尿酸血症患者。久坐行为最高水平与最低水平人群比较,高尿酸血症风险显著增加(OR=1.232,95%CI:1.039~1.460);与男性相比(OR=1.079,95%CI:1.035~1.125),久坐行为与高尿酸血症发生风险的关联在女性中更为显著(OR=1.181,95%CI:1.025~1.359)。结论长时间久坐行为与高尿酸血症发生风险存在正相关,且这种关联在女性中更显著。
文摘Dear Sir, We read with interest the paper by Lee et al. [1].They reported that continuous exposure to an electro-magnetic field with extremely low frequency may in-duce testicular germ cell apoptosis in mice. Our group performed a series of experiments on theeffect of exposure to an electrostatic field on spermato-genesis alld sexual activity[2-7].Polyester(polyethyleneterphthalate)exhibited electrostatic potentials [ESPs] in
文摘目的了解山东省男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)群交行为和人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)检测的相关影响因素,为制订艾滋病防控措施提供参考依据。方法2022年4―7月在山东省6个监测哨点城市招募MSM进行问卷调查,每个哨点样本量为400人。收集MSM社会人口学、性行为等信息,并采集血样进行HIV和梅毒检测。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析模型分析最近6个月群交行为及最近1年HIV检测情况的相关影响因素。结果共纳入MSM2415人。最近6个月发生群交行为的比例为19.7%,最近1年进行HIV检测的比例为89.7%。多因素logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,年龄≤30岁(aOR=1.83,95%CI:1.02~3.26)、肛交主要性伴为商业性伴(aOR=3.34,95%CI:2.14~5.22)或临时性伴(aOR=1.55,95%CI:1.21~1.99)、最近6个月发生无保护肛交(aOR=2.89,95%CI:2.27~3.67)、使用过新型毒品(aOR=1.79,95%CI:1.37~2.34)、最近1年患过性病(aOR=2.23,95%CI:1.55~3.21)、HIV抗体阳性(aOR=1.70,95%CI:1.03~2.80)的MSM最近6个月发生过群交行为的可能性更高。大专及以上文化程度(aOR=1.81,95%CI:1.28~2.57)、肛交主要性伴为临时性伴(aOR=1.94,95%CI:1.37~2.76)、最近6个月未发生无保护肛交(aOR=1.84,95%CI:1.31~2.58)、梅毒抗体阳性(aOR=1.96,95%CI:1.07~3.62)、HIV抗体阳性(aOR=4.45,95%CI:2.40~8.24)的MSM最近1年未进行HIV检测的可能性更高。结论山东省MSM最近6个月发生群交行为的比例较高,需要加强对MSM的宣传干预,并关注MSM获取HIV预防保健服务情况。
