Introduction:Monkeypox(Mpox)has reemerged globally,with thousands of confirmed cases reported in China.However,limited data exist on the genomic variations and transmission patterns of monkeypox virus(MPXV)in southwes...Introduction:Monkeypox(Mpox)has reemerged globally,with thousands of confirmed cases reported in China.However,limited data exist on the genomic variations and transmission patterns of monkeypox virus(MPXV)in southwestern China.Methods:Clinical samples from Mpox cases and sewage samples from wastewater treatment plants were collected from Sichuan Province for whole-genome sequencing and MPXV analysis.Results:In the second half of 2023,96 clinical samples from Mpox patients were collected,yielding 58 full-length viral genomes.All sequenced viruses belonged to the Western African clade(IIb),comprising three C.1 and fifty-five C.1.1 sequences.This study determined that Mpox cases in Sichuan originated from both importation and subsequent local transmission,with evidence of at least six distinct transmission clusters.Additionally,26 sewage samples were collected,and 3 complete MPXV genomes were constructed.Analysis of viral genomes from sewage samples demonstrated a 95% concordance in highfrequency mutation sites with those observed in clinical cases,suggesting that sewage surveillance effectively captures diagnosed cases and serves as a robust complement to conventional monitoring.The integration of newly sequenced genomes with published data revealed an increased mutation rate in MPXV,along with fluctuating patterns of expansion and contraction of the effective viral population size.Conclusion:This study provides preliminary insights into MPXV transmission dynamics and genomic evolution in Sichuan and demonstrates the utility of sewage monitoring in tracking viral diversity.展开更多
Surveillance of the Avian influenza virus serves as the first line of defense,encompassing monitoring of both animals and environment.These approaches vary across countries due to differences in epidemiology and publi...Surveillance of the Avian influenza virus serves as the first line of defense,encompassing monitoring of both animals and environment.These approaches vary across countries due to differences in epidemiology and public health policies.We conducted an eight-year active surveillance program in the Poyang Lake region,a critical wintering site along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway,to investigate the correlation between poultry and environmental samples.From February 2017 to June 2024,7570 poultry and environmental samples were collected and tested in Nanchang,the largest city in the Poyang Lake region,revealing an overall avian influenza positivity rate of 40.1%.In 2017,the poultry and environmental positivity rates were 16.9%and 15.5%,respectively.By 2024,these rates had risen to 69.4%and 77.7%,respectively,with significant and consistent annual increases observed in both environmental and poultry samples.Specifically,in poultry surveillance,chickens(54.2%)showed higher overall AIV positivity rates compared to ducks(30.6%),and oropharyngeal swabs(45.5%)demonstrated greater sensitivity than cloacal swabs(22.3%).Analysis of environmental samples revealed that,compared with smear samples(39.0%)and fecal samples(30.9%),sewage samples(46.5%)exhibit superior sensitivity.Correlation and wavelet coherence analyses revealed a significant relationship between environmental and poultry samples.In scenarios where poultry sampling is unavailable,environmental surveillance can complement and potentially serve as an alternative to poultry surveillance.展开更多
基金Supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023YFS0501)the Health Commission of Sichuan Province Medical Science and Technology Program(24QNMP064)+2 种基金the Science Foundation of Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention(ZX202404)the Youth Science Foundation of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(2024A103)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7254390).
文摘Introduction:Monkeypox(Mpox)has reemerged globally,with thousands of confirmed cases reported in China.However,limited data exist on the genomic variations and transmission patterns of monkeypox virus(MPXV)in southwestern China.Methods:Clinical samples from Mpox cases and sewage samples from wastewater treatment plants were collected from Sichuan Province for whole-genome sequencing and MPXV analysis.Results:In the second half of 2023,96 clinical samples from Mpox patients were collected,yielding 58 full-length viral genomes.All sequenced viruses belonged to the Western African clade(IIb),comprising three C.1 and fifty-five C.1.1 sequences.This study determined that Mpox cases in Sichuan originated from both importation and subsequent local transmission,with evidence of at least six distinct transmission clusters.Additionally,26 sewage samples were collected,and 3 complete MPXV genomes were constructed.Analysis of viral genomes from sewage samples demonstrated a 95% concordance in highfrequency mutation sites with those observed in clinical cases,suggesting that sewage surveillance effectively captures diagnosed cases and serves as a robust complement to conventional monitoring.The integration of newly sequenced genomes with published data revealed an increased mutation rate in MPXV,along with fluctuating patterns of expansion and contraction of the effective viral population size.Conclusion:This study provides preliminary insights into MPXV transmission dynamics and genomic evolution in Sichuan and demonstrates the utility of sewage monitoring in tracking viral diversity.
基金supported by the Self-supporting Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(SRPG22-007)Jiangxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program(20232BBG70020)+1 种基金International Science and Technology Cooperation Project(20244BDF60008)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Provincial Health Commission(202510743).
文摘Surveillance of the Avian influenza virus serves as the first line of defense,encompassing monitoring of both animals and environment.These approaches vary across countries due to differences in epidemiology and public health policies.We conducted an eight-year active surveillance program in the Poyang Lake region,a critical wintering site along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway,to investigate the correlation between poultry and environmental samples.From February 2017 to June 2024,7570 poultry and environmental samples were collected and tested in Nanchang,the largest city in the Poyang Lake region,revealing an overall avian influenza positivity rate of 40.1%.In 2017,the poultry and environmental positivity rates were 16.9%and 15.5%,respectively.By 2024,these rates had risen to 69.4%and 77.7%,respectively,with significant and consistent annual increases observed in both environmental and poultry samples.Specifically,in poultry surveillance,chickens(54.2%)showed higher overall AIV positivity rates compared to ducks(30.6%),and oropharyngeal swabs(45.5%)demonstrated greater sensitivity than cloacal swabs(22.3%).Analysis of environmental samples revealed that,compared with smear samples(39.0%)and fecal samples(30.9%),sewage samples(46.5%)exhibit superior sensitivity.Correlation and wavelet coherence analyses revealed a significant relationship between environmental and poultry samples.In scenarios where poultry sampling is unavailable,environmental surveillance can complement and potentially serve as an alternative to poultry surveillance.
