The widespread proliferation of modern wireless devices coupled with overlapping power emissions has brought about electromagnetic(EM)pollution issues,posing many challenges to environment and human health.Therefore,t...The widespread proliferation of modern wireless devices coupled with overlapping power emissions has brought about electromagnetic(EM)pollution issues,posing many challenges to environment and human health.Therefore,the development of EM shielding devices with high green shielding index(gs)is essential,as they offer absorption-dominant protection that minimizes reflections and safeguards both health and electronics.MXene,with its intrinsic ultra-high electrical conductivity,liquid-phase tunable surface chemistry,low density,large specific surface area,thermal stability,and mechanical stability,has become the leading two-dimensional(2D)material driving the development of green EM shielding devices.In this review we emphasize device-level strategies with engineered architectures for MXene-based green EM shielding.We first examine MXene’s crystal and electronic structure and the fundamental attenuation mechanisms in MXene-based devices.Then we survey fabrication and assembly methods,analyzing three device-level strategies for MXene-based green EM shielded devices:3D architectures,metastructure/meta-surfaces,and external stimulus.Throughout,we highlight how MXene’s distinguished properties enable green EM interference(EMI)shielding devices that minimize secondary interference.Finally,we discuss the challenges faced in the effective utilization of MXene-based in green EM shielding devices,provide insights into these challenges,and offer guidelines for developing the solutions of next-generation green MXene-based EM shielding devices.展开更多
As the basis of designing and implementing a cyber-physical system (CPS), architecture research is very important but still at preliminary stage. Since CPS includes physical components, time and space constraints seri...As the basis of designing and implementing a cyber-physical system (CPS), architecture research is very important but still at preliminary stage. Since CPS includes physical components, time and space constraints seriously challenge architecture study. In this paper, a service-oriented architecture of CPS was presented. Further, a two-way time synchronization algorithm for CPS service composition was put forward. And a formal method, for judging if actual CPS service meets space constraints, was suggested, which was based on space-π-calculus proposed. Finally, a case study was performed and CPS business process designed by the model and the proposed methods could run well. The application of research conclusion implies that it has rationality and feasibility.展开更多
In this paper we propose a service-oriented architecture for spatial data integration (SOA-SDI) in the context of a large number of available spatial data sources that are physically sitting at different places, and d...In this paper we propose a service-oriented architecture for spatial data integration (SOA-SDI) in the context of a large number of available spatial data sources that are physically sitting at different places, and develop web-based GIS systems based on SOA-SDI, allowing client applications to pull in, analyze and present spatial data from those available spatial data sources. The proposed architecture logically includes 4 layers or components; they are layer of multiple data provider services, layer of data in-tegration, layer of backend services, and front-end graphical user interface (GUI) for spatial data presentation. On the basis of the 4-layered SOA-SDI framework, WebGIS applications can be quickly deployed, which proves that SOA-SDI has the potential to reduce the input of software development and shorten the development period.展开更多
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a computer systems design concept which aims to achieve reusability and integration in a distributed environment through the use of autonomous, loosely coupled, interoperable abs...Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a computer systems design concept which aims to achieve reusability and integration in a distributed environment through the use of autonomous, loosely coupled, interoperable abstractions known as services. In order to interoperate, communication between services is very important due to their autonomous nature. This communication provides services with their functional strengths, but also creates the opportunity for the loss of privacy. In this paper, a Privacy Protection Framework for Service-Oriented Architecture (PPFSOA) is described. In this framework, a Privacy Service (PS) is used in combination with privacy policies to create privacy contracts that outline what can and cannot be done with a consumer’s personally identifiable information (PII). The privacy policy consists of one-to-many privacy rules, with each rule created from a set of six privacy elements: collector, what, purpose, retention, recipient and trust. The PS acts as an intermediary between the service consumer and service provider, to establish an unbiased contract before the two parties begin sending PII. It is shown how many Privacy Services work together to form the privacy protection framework. An examination of what current approaches to protecting privacy in an SOA environment is also presented. Finally, the operations the PS must perform in order to fulfill its tasks are outlined.展开更多
Describing Service-Oriented Architecture （SOA） is critical in the development of Web based system, in this paper, an approach for describing SOA by extended Darwin is proposed. The requirements for describing SOA, w...Describing Service-Oriented Architecture （SOA） is critical in the development of Web based system, in this paper, an approach for describing SOA by extended Darwin is proposed. The requirements for describing SOA, which are different from that of ordinary architecture, are highlighted firstly, and then a solution for extending Darwin is presented. Using the extended Darwin, service components and connectors can be described explicit by the extended construct, as well as precise operational semantics of SOA by the π-calculus. Finally an example of supply-chain management system is given for manifesting the effect of the extended Darwin.展开更多
Aiming at improving the traditional object-oriented three-layer architecture for collaborative design, a service-oriented framework for mould design is established by adding a Web service layer to decoupling the direc...Aiming at improving the traditional object-oriented three-layer architecture for collaborative design, a service-oriented framework for mould design is established by adding a Web service layer to decoupling the direct linking of user interface to functional modules,making the system being platform independent and programming language independent,greatly facilitating the reuse of existing software and hardware resources. .NET technology is adopted to implement the framework. An example scenario is introduced to demonstrate how the system works.展开更多
In reality, traditional process control system built upon centralized and hierarchical structures presents a weak response to change and is easy to shut down by single failure. Aiming at these problems, a new agent-ba...In reality, traditional process control system built upon centralized and hierarchical structures presents a weak response to change and is easy to shut down by single failure. Aiming at these problems, a new agent-based service-oriented integration architecture was proposed for chemical process automation system. Web services were dynamically orchestrated on the internet and agent behaviors were built in them. Data analysis, model, optimization, control, fault diagnosis and so on were capsuled into different web services. Agents were used for service compositions by negotiation. A prototype system of poly(ethylene terephthalate) process automation was used as the case study to demonstrate the validation of the integration.展开更多
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has drawn significant attention recently, and numerous architecture approaches have been proposed to represent SOA-based applications. The architecture of SOA-based applications is ...Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has drawn significant attention recently, and numerous architecture approaches have been proposed to represent SOA-based applications. The architecture of SOA-based applications is different from traditional software architecture, which is mainly static. The architecture of an SOA-based application is dynamic, i.e., the application can be composed at runtime using existing services, and thus the architecture is really determined at runtime, instead of design time. SOA applications have provided a new direction for software architecture study, where the architecture can be dynamically changed at runtime to meet the new application requirements. This paper proposes a Process-Embedded Service-Oriented Infrastructure to build SOA-based applications. This infrastructure embeds the entire software lifecycle management and service-oriented system engineering into the application developed on this infrastructure. Thus, the users can easily re-develop the applications during operation to meet the changing environments and requirements, through the supports provided by the embedded infrastructure.展开更多
Service-oriented air combat simulation architecture is proposed.The core design goal is high agility which represents the ability to accommodate the simulation requirements change.Its main idea is to design model unit...Service-oriented air combat simulation architecture is proposed.The core design goal is high agility which represents the ability to accommodate the simulation requirements change.Its main idea is to design model units as services that can communicate and interoperate with any other services at runtime.A service is autonomous and is fully defined by a description contract which contains some combination of syntactic,semantic,and behavioral information.Based on the architecture,air combat simulation system can be described as an abstract composition of description contracts.It becomes concrete at run time as services that implement the constituent description contracts are discovered and bind.The whole process is a continuous run-time activity that responds to simulation needs and the availability of services.This provides benefits of implementation transparency and minimal dependency between models.Thus,simulation system can minimize the impact of change on it and increase the overall efficiency to respond to requirements change.展开更多
With the rapid development of flexible wearable electronics,the demand for stretchable energy storage devices has surged.In this work,a novel gradient-layered architecture was design based on single-pore hollow lignin...With the rapid development of flexible wearable electronics,the demand for stretchable energy storage devices has surged.In this work,a novel gradient-layered architecture was design based on single-pore hollow lignin nanospheres(HLNPs)-intercalated two-dimensional transition metal carbide(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene)for fabricating highly stretchable and durable supercapacitors.By depositing and inserting HLNPs in the MXene layers with a bottom-up decreasing gradient,a multilayered porous MXene structure with smooth ion channels was constructed by reducing the overstacking of MXene lamella.Moreover,the micro-chamber architecture of thin-walled lignin nanospheres effectively extended the contact area between lignin and MXene to improve ion and electron accessibility,thus better utilizing the pseudocapacitive property of lignin.All these strategies effectively enhanced the capacitive performance of the electrodes.In addition,HLNPs,which acted as a protective phase for MXene layer,enhanced mechanical properties of the wrinkled stretchable electrodes by releasing stress through slip and deformation during the stretch-release cycling and greatly improved the structural integrity and capacitive stability of the electrodes.Flexible electrodes and symmetric flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors capable of enduring 600%uniaxial tensile strain were developed with high specific capacitances of 1273 mF cm^(−2)(241 F g^(−1))and 514 mF cm^(−2)(95 F g^(−1)),respectively.Moreover,their capacitances were well preserved after 1000 times of 600%stretch-release cycling.This study showcased new possibilities of incorporating biobased lignin nanospheres in energy storage devices to fabricate stretchable devices leveraging synergies among various two-dimensional nanomaterials.展开更多
Modern aircraft tend to use fuel thermal management systems to cool onboard heat sources.However,the design of heat transfer architectures for fuel thermal management systems relies on the experience of the engineers ...Modern aircraft tend to use fuel thermal management systems to cool onboard heat sources.However,the design of heat transfer architectures for fuel thermal management systems relies on the experience of the engineers and lacks theoretical guidance.This paper proposes a concise graph representation method based on graph theory for fuel thermal management systems,which can represent all possible connections between subsystems.A generalized optimization algorithm is proposed for fuel thermal management system architecture to minimize the heat sink.This algorithm can autonomously arrange subsystems with heat production differences and efficiently utilize the architecture of the fuel heat sink.At the same time,two evaluation indices are proposed from the perspective of subsystems.These indices intuitively and clearly show that the reason for the high efficiency of heat sink utilization is the balanced and moderate cooling of each subsystem and verify the rationality of the architecture optimization method.A set of simulations are also conducted,which demonstrate that the fuel tank temperature has no effect on the performance of the architecture.This paper provides a reference for the architectural design of aircraft fuel thermal management systems.The metrics used in this paper can also be utilized to evaluate the existing architecture.展开更多
To address the discrepancies between well and seismic data in stratigraphic correlation of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin,NW China,traditional stratigraphic classification schemes,the latest 3D sei...To address the discrepancies between well and seismic data in stratigraphic correlation of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin,NW China,traditional stratigraphic classification schemes,the latest 3D seismic and drilling data,and reservoir sections are thoroughly investigated.Guided by the theory of sequence stratigraphy,the progradational sequence stratigraphic framework of the Yanchang Formation is systematically constructed to elucidate new deposition mechanisms in the depressed lacustrine basin,and it has been successfully applied to the exploration and development practices in the Qingcheng Oilfield.Key findings are obtained in three aspects.First,the seismic progradational reflections,marker tuff beds,and condensed sections of flooding surfaces in the Yanchang Formation are consistent and isochronous.Using flooding surface markers as a reference,a progradational sequence stratigraphic architecture is reconstructed for the middle-upper part of Yanchang Formation,and divided into seven clinoform units(CF1-CF7).Second,progradation predominantly occurs in semi-deep to deep lake environments,with the depositional center not always coinciding with the thickest strata.The lacustrine basin underwent an evolution of“oscillatory regression-progradational infilling-multi-phase superimposition”.Third,the case study of Qingcheng Oilfield reveals that the major pay zones consist of“isochronous but heterochronous”gravity-flow sandstone complexes.Guided by the progradational sequence stratigraphic architecture,horizontal well oil-layer penetration rates remain above 82%.The progradational sequence stratigraphic architecture and associated geological insights are more consistent with the sedimentary infilling mechanisms of large-scale continental depressed lacustrine basins and actual drilling results.The research results provide crucial theoretical and technical support for subsequent refined exploration and development of the Yanchang Formation,and are expected to offer a reference for research and production practice in similar continental lacustrine basins.展开更多
It’s possible for malicious operators to seize hold of electrical control systems, for instance, the engine control unit of driverless vehicles, from various vectors, e.g. autonomic control system, remote vehicle acc...It’s possible for malicious operators to seize hold of electrical control systems, for instance, the engine control unit of driverless vehicles, from various vectors, e.g. autonomic control system, remote vehicle access, or human drivers. To mitigate potential risks, this paper provides the inauguration study by proposing a theoretical framework in the physical, human and cyber triad. Its goal is to, at each time point, detect adversary control behaviors and protect control systems against malicious operations via integrating a variety of methods. This paper only proposes a theoretical framework which tries to indicate possible threats. With the support of the framework, the security system can lightly reduce the risk. The development and implementation of the system are out of scope.展开更多
Not always climate and cultural contexts are discussed at the forefront of architectural discussions on traditional or vernacular architecture,nevertheless,the construction material also plays a significant part in de...Not always climate and cultural contexts are discussed at the forefront of architectural discussions on traditional or vernacular architecture,nevertheless,the construction material also plays a significant part in defining places’architectural languages.Building from the local materials is an essential ingredient of the local distinctiveness,whilst forming the architectural grand gesture in its context.In Siwa oasis,salt architecture has formed that architectural grand gesture.The vernacular vocabularies adopted by old Bedouins using salt bricks generated Siwa’s unique spirit.In this paper,some examples are illustrated based on a series of site visits to three main sites in Siwa,namely:Old Shali,Abu Shuruf,and Aghourmy.This shows the evolution of Siwa’s vernacular architecture and the role of the architectural language or detrimental effect on the overall quality of architecture.From the site visits,it was observed that building with the traditional technique is now becoming abandoned in Siwa,explained by the local builders to be due to the huge costs required;forcing them to shifting to modern architecture.The influx to building using modern techniques has led to a significant transformation in the urban morphology and spirit of Siwa.Herein lies the scope of this paper:to discuss the impact of the evolution of vernacular architecture on the overall quality of architecture in Siwa and thus identifying the problems which will lead to policy formulation and guidelines for the redevelopment of Siwa in order to“revitalize/resuscitate”its vernacular style accordingly.展开更多
This paper adopts the Global Workspace Theory as a neuro-scientifically plausible theory for developing conscious cognitive architecture.The Global Workspace Theory’s compatibility with the working mechanisms underne...This paper adopts the Global Workspace Theory as a neuro-scientifically plausible theory for developing conscious cognitive architecture.The Global Workspace Theory’s compatibility with the working mechanisms underneath human brains is enhanced by the implementation of different cognitive features based on this framework.Amongst the topics in the literature for intelligent systems,we start with attention,memory and learning mechanisms,and corresponding experiments are summarized here.We also discuss how other topics of cognitive robotics could be developed based on these three basic components,and their correlations.This provides a foundation for future long-term development of cognitive architectures of cognitive robots.The research in this paper follows the incremental research pathway for the architecture implementation,which is consistent with the Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architecture roadmap.展开更多
Occupational structural transformation is a common pattern during the steady growth of GDP per capita in major economies worldwide.In recent years,there has been a decline in the employment share of goods occupation a...Occupational structural transformation is a common pattern during the steady growth of GDP per capita in major economies worldwide.In recent years,there has been a decline in the employment share of goods occupation and an increase in service occupation within the Chinese manufacturing industry,presenting a trend of occupational structural transformation and rapid development of service-oriented manufacturing.It is an important driving force and typical performance of the high-end,intelligent,and green development of the manufacturing industry.As a strategic general technology which leads the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,artificial intelligence(AI)has become a new fundamental force to accelerate the occupational structural transformation and service-oriented manufacturing development in China.Thus,this paper establishes a dynamic general equilibrium model with AI technology and occupational heterogeneity,showing the endogenous mechanism of occupational structural transformation.We find that when AI technology is biased towards goods occupation,and the elasticity of substitution between goods occupation and service occupation is less than 1,then AI will drive the transformation of occupational structure from goods to service within the manufacturing sector,increase the proportion of service-oriented manufacturing,improve labor productivity of manufacturing relative to service and stabilize the real output share of manufacturing.Promoting deeper integration of different occupations,intensifying R&D in AI technology and reducing labor mobility barriers between occupations can effectively accelerate the occupational structural transformation and industrial structural upgrading.We use theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method to show the theoretical mechanism by which AI affects occupational structural transformation and industrial structural transformation from a macroeconomic perspective,and put forward policy implications on how to promote the service-oriented manufacturing development and accelerate the construction of modern industrial system through AI innovation.展开更多
A restoration concept has been developed based on the Baiyun Taoist Temple Map found in the Continuation of the Gaolan County Annals.This study systematically analyzes the architectural features of Baiyun Taoist Templ...A restoration concept has been developed based on the Baiyun Taoist Temple Map found in the Continuation of the Gaolan County Annals.This study systematically analyzes the architectural features of Baiyun Taoist Temple in Lanzhou during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty from three perspectives:overall layout,spatial design,and garden artistic conception.The analysis offers a representative case for understanding the spatial organization principles and cultural connotation of Taoist architecture in the Lanzhou region during the Qing Dynasty.展开更多
The aim of this article is to present my interpretation of the holistic-phenomenological worldview in practice.This study demonstrates how this approach,as well as the planning process that I followed(a process fundam...The aim of this article is to present my interpretation of the holistic-phenomenological worldview in practice.This study demonstrates how this approach,as well as the planning process that I followed(a process fundamentally different from conventional ones)was implemented in a residential neighborhood I designed and built in the social,economic,and physical structure of the collective known in Israel as a‘kibbutz’.The intention is to raise a broad public discussion and pose a challenge to 21st-century architecture regarding how to intervene in a moral and human way within an existing environment,urban or natural,which must be respected and preserved,when integrating within it a new contemporary architecture.展开更多
Overview of root system architecture.The plant root system is a highly dynamic and multifunctional organ system composed of primary roots,lateral roots,adventitious roots,and root hairs.Based on topological morphology...Overview of root system architecture.The plant root system is a highly dynamic and multifunctional organ system composed of primary roots,lateral roots,adventitious roots,and root hairs.Based on topological morphology,root systems can be classified as taproot systems or fibrous root systems.Root system architecture(RSA)refers to the spatial distribution and extension patterns of roots within soil,encompassing characteristics such as root length,branching angle,density,and spatial arrangement.RSA not only determines the plant’s capacity to acquire water and nutrients but also influences other root functions,playing a decisive role in overall plant health.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62304020)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3811300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52202370).
文摘The widespread proliferation of modern wireless devices coupled with overlapping power emissions has brought about electromagnetic(EM)pollution issues,posing many challenges to environment and human health.Therefore,the development of EM shielding devices with high green shielding index(gs)is essential,as they offer absorption-dominant protection that minimizes reflections and safeguards both health and electronics.MXene,with its intrinsic ultra-high electrical conductivity,liquid-phase tunable surface chemistry,low density,large specific surface area,thermal stability,and mechanical stability,has become the leading two-dimensional(2D)material driving the development of green EM shielding devices.In this review we emphasize device-level strategies with engineered architectures for MXene-based green EM shielding.We first examine MXene’s crystal and electronic structure and the fundamental attenuation mechanisms in MXene-based devices.Then we survey fabrication and assembly methods,analyzing three device-level strategies for MXene-based green EM shielded devices:3D architectures,metastructure/meta-surfaces,and external stimulus.Throughout,we highlight how MXene’s distinguished properties enable green EM interference(EMI)shielding devices that minimize secondary interference.Finally,we discuss the challenges faced in the effective utilization of MXene-based in green EM shielding devices,provide insights into these challenges,and offer guidelines for developing the solutions of next-generation green MXene-based EM shielding devices.
基金National High-Tech Research and Development Programs of China( 863 Program) ( No. 2011AA010101,No. 2012AA062203) National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 61103069 ) Key Research Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee,China( No. 10dz1122600)
文摘As the basis of designing and implementing a cyber-physical system (CPS), architecture research is very important but still at preliminary stage. Since CPS includes physical components, time and space constraints seriously challenge architecture study. In this paper, a service-oriented architecture of CPS was presented. Further, a two-way time synchronization algorithm for CPS service composition was put forward. And a formal method, for judging if actual CPS service meets space constraints, was suggested, which was based on space-π-calculus proposed. Finally, a case study was performed and CPS business process designed by the model and the proposed methods could run well. The application of research conclusion implies that it has rationality and feasibility.
基金Supported by the Research Fund of Key GIS Lab of the Education Ministry (No. 200610)
文摘In this paper we propose a service-oriented architecture for spatial data integration (SOA-SDI) in the context of a large number of available spatial data sources that are physically sitting at different places, and develop web-based GIS systems based on SOA-SDI, allowing client applications to pull in, analyze and present spatial data from those available spatial data sources. The proposed architecture logically includes 4 layers or components; they are layer of multiple data provider services, layer of data in-tegration, layer of backend services, and front-end graphical user interface (GUI) for spatial data presentation. On the basis of the 4-layered SOA-SDI framework, WebGIS applications can be quickly deployed, which proves that SOA-SDI has the potential to reduce the input of software development and shorten the development period.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61305134)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20133219120035)
文摘Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a computer systems design concept which aims to achieve reusability and integration in a distributed environment through the use of autonomous, loosely coupled, interoperable abstractions known as services. In order to interoperate, communication between services is very important due to their autonomous nature. This communication provides services with their functional strengths, but also creates the opportunity for the loss of privacy. In this paper, a Privacy Protection Framework for Service-Oriented Architecture (PPFSOA) is described. In this framework, a Privacy Service (PS) is used in combination with privacy policies to create privacy contracts that outline what can and cannot be done with a consumer’s personally identifiable information (PII). The privacy policy consists of one-to-many privacy rules, with each rule created from a set of six privacy elements: collector, what, purpose, retention, recipient and trust. The PS acts as an intermediary between the service consumer and service provider, to establish an unbiased contract before the two parties begin sending PII. It is shown how many Privacy Services work together to form the privacy protection framework. An examination of what current approaches to protecting privacy in an SOA environment is also presented. Finally, the operations the PS must perform in order to fulfill its tasks are outlined.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Founda-tion of China (60473066) and Young Outstanding Talent Foundationof Hubei Province (2003ABB004)
文摘Describing Service-Oriented Architecture （SOA） is critical in the development of Web based system, in this paper, an approach for describing SOA by extended Darwin is proposed. The requirements for describing SOA, which are different from that of ordinary architecture, are highlighted firstly, and then a solution for extending Darwin is presented. Using the extended Darwin, service components and connectors can be described explicit by the extended construct, as well as precise operational semantics of SOA by the π-calculus. Finally an example of supply-chain management system is given for manifesting the effect of the extended Darwin.
文摘Aiming at improving the traditional object-oriented three-layer architecture for collaborative design, a service-oriented framework for mould design is established by adding a Web service layer to decoupling the direct linking of user interface to functional modules,making the system being platform independent and programming language independent,greatly facilitating the reuse of existing software and hardware resources. .NET technology is adopted to implement the framework. An example scenario is introduced to demonstrate how the system works.
基金Supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(2012CB720500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1162202,61222303)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation(13ZR1411500)Shanghai R&D Platform Construction program(13DZ2295300)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(B504)
文摘In reality, traditional process control system built upon centralized and hierarchical structures presents a weak response to change and is easy to shut down by single failure. Aiming at these problems, a new agent-based service-oriented integration architecture was proposed for chemical process automation system. Web services were dynamically orchestrated on the internet and agent behaviors were built in them. Data analysis, model, optimization, control, fault diagnosis and so on were capsuled into different web services. Agents were used for service compositions by negotiation. A prototype system of poly(ethylene terephthalate) process automation was used as the case study to demonstrate the validation of the integration.
文摘Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has drawn significant attention recently, and numerous architecture approaches have been proposed to represent SOA-based applications. The architecture of SOA-based applications is different from traditional software architecture, which is mainly static. The architecture of an SOA-based application is dynamic, i.e., the application can be composed at runtime using existing services, and thus the architecture is really determined at runtime, instead of design time. SOA applications have provided a new direction for software architecture study, where the architecture can be dynamically changed at runtime to meet the new application requirements. This paper proposes a Process-Embedded Service-Oriented Infrastructure to build SOA-based applications. This infrastructure embeds the entire software lifecycle management and service-oriented system engineering into the application developed on this infrastructure. Thus, the users can easily re-develop the applications during operation to meet the changing environments and requirements, through the supports provided by the embedded infrastructure.
文摘Service-oriented air combat simulation architecture is proposed.The core design goal is high agility which represents the ability to accommodate the simulation requirements change.Its main idea is to design model units as services that can communicate and interoperate with any other services at runtime.A service is autonomous and is fully defined by a description contract which contains some combination of syntactic,semantic,and behavioral information.Based on the architecture,air combat simulation system can be described as an abstract composition of description contracts.It becomes concrete at run time as services that implement the constituent description contracts are discovered and bind.The whole process is a continuous run-time activity that responds to simulation needs and the availability of services.This provides benefits of implementation transparency and minimal dependency between models.Thus,simulation system can minimize the impact of change on it and increase the overall efficiency to respond to requirements change.
基金supported by Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada(RGPIN-2017-06737)Canada Research Chairs program,the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0601005,2022YFD0904201)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51203075)the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.CSC202208320361).
文摘With the rapid development of flexible wearable electronics,the demand for stretchable energy storage devices has surged.In this work,a novel gradient-layered architecture was design based on single-pore hollow lignin nanospheres(HLNPs)-intercalated two-dimensional transition metal carbide(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene)for fabricating highly stretchable and durable supercapacitors.By depositing and inserting HLNPs in the MXene layers with a bottom-up decreasing gradient,a multilayered porous MXene structure with smooth ion channels was constructed by reducing the overstacking of MXene lamella.Moreover,the micro-chamber architecture of thin-walled lignin nanospheres effectively extended the contact area between lignin and MXene to improve ion and electron accessibility,thus better utilizing the pseudocapacitive property of lignin.All these strategies effectively enhanced the capacitive performance of the electrodes.In addition,HLNPs,which acted as a protective phase for MXene layer,enhanced mechanical properties of the wrinkled stretchable electrodes by releasing stress through slip and deformation during the stretch-release cycling and greatly improved the structural integrity and capacitive stability of the electrodes.Flexible electrodes and symmetric flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors capable of enduring 600%uniaxial tensile strain were developed with high specific capacitances of 1273 mF cm^(−2)(241 F g^(−1))and 514 mF cm^(−2)(95 F g^(−1)),respectively.Moreover,their capacitances were well preserved after 1000 times of 600%stretch-release cycling.This study showcased new possibilities of incorporating biobased lignin nanospheres in energy storage devices to fabricate stretchable devices leveraging synergies among various two-dimensional nanomaterials.
文摘Modern aircraft tend to use fuel thermal management systems to cool onboard heat sources.However,the design of heat transfer architectures for fuel thermal management systems relies on the experience of the engineers and lacks theoretical guidance.This paper proposes a concise graph representation method based on graph theory for fuel thermal management systems,which can represent all possible connections between subsystems.A generalized optimization algorithm is proposed for fuel thermal management system architecture to minimize the heat sink.This algorithm can autonomously arrange subsystems with heat production differences and efficiently utilize the architecture of the fuel heat sink.At the same time,two evaluation indices are proposed from the perspective of subsystems.These indices intuitively and clearly show that the reason for the high efficiency of heat sink utilization is the balanced and moderate cooling of each subsystem and verify the rationality of the architecture optimization method.A set of simulations are also conducted,which demonstrate that the fuel tank temperature has no effect on the performance of the architecture.This paper provides a reference for the architectural design of aircraft fuel thermal management systems.The metrics used in this paper can also be utilized to evaluate the existing architecture.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05001)CNPC Technology Project(2023YQX20111).
文摘To address the discrepancies between well and seismic data in stratigraphic correlation of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin,NW China,traditional stratigraphic classification schemes,the latest 3D seismic and drilling data,and reservoir sections are thoroughly investigated.Guided by the theory of sequence stratigraphy,the progradational sequence stratigraphic framework of the Yanchang Formation is systematically constructed to elucidate new deposition mechanisms in the depressed lacustrine basin,and it has been successfully applied to the exploration and development practices in the Qingcheng Oilfield.Key findings are obtained in three aspects.First,the seismic progradational reflections,marker tuff beds,and condensed sections of flooding surfaces in the Yanchang Formation are consistent and isochronous.Using flooding surface markers as a reference,a progradational sequence stratigraphic architecture is reconstructed for the middle-upper part of Yanchang Formation,and divided into seven clinoform units(CF1-CF7).Second,progradation predominantly occurs in semi-deep to deep lake environments,with the depositional center not always coinciding with the thickest strata.The lacustrine basin underwent an evolution of“oscillatory regression-progradational infilling-multi-phase superimposition”.Third,the case study of Qingcheng Oilfield reveals that the major pay zones consist of“isochronous but heterochronous”gravity-flow sandstone complexes.Guided by the progradational sequence stratigraphic architecture,horizontal well oil-layer penetration rates remain above 82%.The progradational sequence stratigraphic architecture and associated geological insights are more consistent with the sedimentary infilling mechanisms of large-scale continental depressed lacustrine basins and actual drilling results.The research results provide crucial theoretical and technical support for subsequent refined exploration and development of the Yanchang Formation,and are expected to offer a reference for research and production practice in similar continental lacustrine basins.
文摘It’s possible for malicious operators to seize hold of electrical control systems, for instance, the engine control unit of driverless vehicles, from various vectors, e.g. autonomic control system, remote vehicle access, or human drivers. To mitigate potential risks, this paper provides the inauguration study by proposing a theoretical framework in the physical, human and cyber triad. Its goal is to, at each time point, detect adversary control behaviors and protect control systems against malicious operations via integrating a variety of methods. This paper only proposes a theoretical framework which tries to indicate possible threats. With the support of the framework, the security system can lightly reduce the risk. The development and implementation of the system are out of scope.
文摘Not always climate and cultural contexts are discussed at the forefront of architectural discussions on traditional or vernacular architecture,nevertheless,the construction material also plays a significant part in defining places’architectural languages.Building from the local materials is an essential ingredient of the local distinctiveness,whilst forming the architectural grand gesture in its context.In Siwa oasis,salt architecture has formed that architectural grand gesture.The vernacular vocabularies adopted by old Bedouins using salt bricks generated Siwa’s unique spirit.In this paper,some examples are illustrated based on a series of site visits to three main sites in Siwa,namely:Old Shali,Abu Shuruf,and Aghourmy.This shows the evolution of Siwa’s vernacular architecture and the role of the architectural language or detrimental effect on the overall quality of architecture.From the site visits,it was observed that building with the traditional technique is now becoming abandoned in Siwa,explained by the local builders to be due to the huge costs required;forcing them to shifting to modern architecture.The influx to building using modern techniques has led to a significant transformation in the urban morphology and spirit of Siwa.Herein lies the scope of this paper:to discuss the impact of the evolution of vernacular architecture on the overall quality of architecture in Siwa and thus identifying the problems which will lead to policy formulation and guidelines for the redevelopment of Siwa in order to“revitalize/resuscitate”its vernacular style accordingly.
基金Supported by the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program(101120727-PRIMI).
文摘This paper adopts the Global Workspace Theory as a neuro-scientifically plausible theory for developing conscious cognitive architecture.The Global Workspace Theory’s compatibility with the working mechanisms underneath human brains is enhanced by the implementation of different cognitive features based on this framework.Amongst the topics in the literature for intelligent systems,we start with attention,memory and learning mechanisms,and corresponding experiments are summarized here.We also discuss how other topics of cognitive robotics could be developed based on these three basic components,and their correlations.This provides a foundation for future long-term development of cognitive architectures of cognitive robots.The research in this paper follows the incremental research pathway for the architecture implementation,which is consistent with the Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architecture roadmap.
基金This study was supported by:The Late-Stage Support Program of the National Social Science Fund of China“Supply-Side Structural Reform and the Dual Structural Transformation of China's Economy”(Grant No.22FJLB009)The National Natural Science Fund of China for Young Scholars“The Dual Structural Transformation of China’s Economy:A Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Test Based on the Supply-Side Structural Reform”(Grant No.71703056).
文摘Occupational structural transformation is a common pattern during the steady growth of GDP per capita in major economies worldwide.In recent years,there has been a decline in the employment share of goods occupation and an increase in service occupation within the Chinese manufacturing industry,presenting a trend of occupational structural transformation and rapid development of service-oriented manufacturing.It is an important driving force and typical performance of the high-end,intelligent,and green development of the manufacturing industry.As a strategic general technology which leads the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,artificial intelligence(AI)has become a new fundamental force to accelerate the occupational structural transformation and service-oriented manufacturing development in China.Thus,this paper establishes a dynamic general equilibrium model with AI technology and occupational heterogeneity,showing the endogenous mechanism of occupational structural transformation.We find that when AI technology is biased towards goods occupation,and the elasticity of substitution between goods occupation and service occupation is less than 1,then AI will drive the transformation of occupational structure from goods to service within the manufacturing sector,increase the proportion of service-oriented manufacturing,improve labor productivity of manufacturing relative to service and stabilize the real output share of manufacturing.Promoting deeper integration of different occupations,intensifying R&D in AI technology and reducing labor mobility barriers between occupations can effectively accelerate the occupational structural transformation and industrial structural upgrading.We use theoretical analysis and numerical simulation method to show the theoretical mechanism by which AI affects occupational structural transformation and industrial structural transformation from a macroeconomic perspective,and put forward policy implications on how to promote the service-oriented manufacturing development and accelerate the construction of modern industrial system through AI innovation.
文摘A restoration concept has been developed based on the Baiyun Taoist Temple Map found in the Continuation of the Gaolan County Annals.This study systematically analyzes the architectural features of Baiyun Taoist Temple in Lanzhou during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty from three perspectives:overall layout,spatial design,and garden artistic conception.The analysis offers a representative case for understanding the spatial organization principles and cultural connotation of Taoist architecture in the Lanzhou region during the Qing Dynasty.
文摘The aim of this article is to present my interpretation of the holistic-phenomenological worldview in practice.This study demonstrates how this approach,as well as the planning process that I followed(a process fundamentally different from conventional ones)was implemented in a residential neighborhood I designed and built in the social,economic,and physical structure of the collective known in Israel as a‘kibbutz’.The intention is to raise a broad public discussion and pose a challenge to 21st-century architecture regarding how to intervene in a moral and human way within an existing environment,urban or natural,which must be respected and preserved,when integrating within it a new contemporary architecture.
文摘Overview of root system architecture.The plant root system is a highly dynamic and multifunctional organ system composed of primary roots,lateral roots,adventitious roots,and root hairs.Based on topological morphology,root systems can be classified as taproot systems or fibrous root systems.Root system architecture(RSA)refers to the spatial distribution and extension patterns of roots within soil,encompassing characteristics such as root length,branching angle,density,and spatial arrangement.RSA not only determines the plant’s capacity to acquire water and nutrients but also influences other root functions,playing a decisive role in overall plant health.
